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Andrade GC, Santana BVN, Rinaldi MCS, Ferreira SO, da Silva RC, da Silva LC. Using native plants to evaluate urban metal pollution and appoint emission sources in the Brazilian Steel Valley region. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-33021-6. [PMID: 38607483 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33021-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
In southeastern Brazil, the city of Ipatinga is inserted in the Steel Valley Metropolitan Region, which hosts the largest industrial complex for flat-steel production in Latin America, while also having one of the largest vehicle fleets in the entire country. Since potentially toxic elements (PTEs) are not emitted solely by industries, yet also by vehicular activity, the predominant emission source can be determined by evaluating the ratio between different elements, which are called technogenic tracers. We performed a biomonitoring assay using two tropical legumes, Paubrasilia echinata and Libidibia ferrea var. leiostachya, aiming to assess chemical markers for the origin of emissions in the region, distinguishing between different anthropogenic sources. Plants were exposed for 90 days in four urban sites and in a neighboring park which served as reference. After the experimental period, plants were evaluated for trace-metal accumulation. L. ferrea var. leiostachya retained lower amounts of metals associated with vehicular and industrial emission. The opposite was found with P. echinata, a species which should be recommended for biomonitoring of air pollution as a bioaccumulator. Plants of P. echinata were enriched with Fe, Al, Ni, Cr, and Ba, whereas plants of L. ferrea var. leiostachya were enriched with Fe, Cu, and Co. In both species, Fe was the element with which plants were enriched the most. Plants showed highest iron enrichment at Bom Retiro, the site downwind to the steel industry, which has shown to be the main particle emission source in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Carvalho Andrade
- Department of Plant Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. PH Rolfs S/N, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Brenda Vila Nova Santana
- Department of Plant Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. PH Rolfs S/N, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Mirian Cilene Spasiani Rinaldi
- Research Center for Ecology, Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais, Av. Miguel Stéfano 3687, Água Funda, Caixa Postal 68041, São Paulo, SP, 04045-972, Brazil
| | - Sukarno Olavo Ferreira
- Department of Physics, Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Av. PH Rolfs S/N, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Renê Chagas da Silva
- Department of Physics, Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Av. PH Rolfs S/N, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Luzimar Campos da Silva
- Department of Plant Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. PH Rolfs S/N, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil.
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Zhang Y, Li J, Tan J, Li W, Singh BP, Yang X, Bolan N, Chen X, Xu S, Bao Y, Lv D, Peng A, Zhou Y, Wang H. An overview of the direct and indirect effects of acid rain on plants: Relationships among acid rain, soil, microorganisms, and plants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 873:162388. [PMID: 36842576 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Acid rain (AR) causes numerous environmental problems and complex negative effects on plants globally. Many studies have previously reported on direct effects of AR or its depositional substances on plant injury and performance. However, few studies have addressed the indirect effects of AR on plants as mediated by soil microorganisms and the abiotic environment of the soil rhizosphere. The indirect effects (e.g., AR → soil microorganisms→plants) need greater attention, because acidic deposition not only affects the distribution, composition, abundance, function, and activity of plant-associated microorganisms, but also influences the dynamics of some substances in the soil in a way that may be harmful to plants. Therefore, this review not only focused on the direct effects of AR on plant performance, growth, and biomass allocations from a whole-plant perspective, but also addressed the pathway of AR-soil chemical characteristics-plants, which explains how soil solute leaching and acidification by AR will reduce the availability of essential nutrients and increase the availability of heavy metals for plants, affecting carbon and nitrogen cycles. Mainly, we evaluated the AR-soil microorganisms-plants pathway by: 1) synthesizing the potential roles of soil microbes in alleviating soil acidic stress on plants and the adverse effects of AR on plant-associated soil microorganisms; 2) exploring how plant mycorrhizal types affect the detection of AR effect on plants. The meta-analysis showed that the effects of AR-induced pH on leaf chlorophyll content, plant height, and plant root biomass were dependent on plant mycorrhizal types. Some possible reasons for different synergy between mycorrhizal symbiotic types and plants were discussed. Future research relating to the effects of AR on plants should focus on the combined direct and indirect effects to evaluate how AR affects plant performance comprehensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Jiahong Li
- School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Junyan Tan
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Wenbin Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Bhupinder Pal Singh
- University of New England, School of Environmental and Rural Science, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Xunan Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Nanthi Bolan
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Song Xu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Yanping Bao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Daofei Lv
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Anan Peng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Yanbo Zhou
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Hailong Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China; Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
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Andrade GC, Santana BVN, Rinaldi MCS, Ferreira SO, Silva RCD, Silva LCD. Leaf surface traits related to differential particle adsorption - A case study of two tropical legumes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 823:153681. [PMID: 35134410 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to test a set of epidermal traits in two legume species with contrasting chemical, physical, and micromorphological leaf-surface features to assess which ones would determine higher PM retention. For that, we performed a biomonitoring study in southeastern Brazil at the Steel Valley Metropolitan Region, where there is predominance of steel industry and one of the largest vehicle fleets in the country. A reference station was installed at a neighboring park. We evaluated leaf-surface roughness at two hierarchical levels, leaf wettability, epidermal-cell anticlinal-wall undulation, epidermal-cell perimeter, and the micromorphology and chemical composition of epicuticular waxes. Particle retention was significantly higher in Paubrasilia echinata than in Libidibia ferrea var. leiostachya, the former of which has lower roughness given by both the epidermal tissue (macro-roughness; 0.6 vs 2.6 μm) and epicuticular waxes (micro-roughness; 68 vs 220 nm), higher leaf wettability (82° vs 143°), lower epidermal-cell undulation index (1.2 vs 1.8), lower epidermal-cell perimeter (93 vs 146 μm), wax deposition in the form of a smooth layer (as opposed to densely aggregated rosettes of vertical platelets), and more polar wax chemical constitution (68% vs 47% of polar compounds). While all of the assessed traits contributed to particle retention, canonical loadings revealed that macro-roughness was the trait that contributed the most to the retention of PM2.5 (ca = 1.47; r = -0.56), PM10 (ca = 1.08; r = -0.61), PM100 (ca = -4.95; r = -0.39) and TSP (ca = 0.98; r = -0.62), although this trait was shown by factor analysis to be secondary in distinguishing between species (0.92 contribution to the second axis). Our findings shed new light on the criteria that should be considered when selecting species for green infrastructure aiming to reduce urban air pollution, as well as on novel possibilities for PM biomonitoring in the tropics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Carvalho Andrade
- Department of Plant Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. PH Rolfs s/n, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Brenda Vila Nova Santana
- Department of Plant Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. PH Rolfs s/n, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Mirian Cilene Spasiani Rinaldi
- Research Center for Ecology, Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais, Av. Miguel Stéfano, 3687, Água Funda, Caixa Postal 68041, 04045-972 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sukarno Olavo Ferreira
- Department of Physics, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. PH Rolfs s/n, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Renê Chagas da Silva
- Department of Physics, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. PH Rolfs s/n, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Luzimar Campos da Silva
- Department of Plant Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. PH Rolfs s/n, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
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Zhang Z, Teng Z, Wang N, Zhang M, Sun G, Hu Y, Zhang X. Responses of photosynthesis and antioxidants to simulated acid rain in mulberry seedlings. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:188-200. [PMID: 33368302 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Acid rain, which has negative impacts on the vegetation of ecological systems, is widespread in Northern and Southern China. However, relatively little is known about the effects of acid rain on the growth and yield of economically important tree species in China. To address this issue, we studied the responses of mulberry seedlings to simulated acid rain (SAR) at different pH values. At pH 4.5, SAR induced increased antioxidant activities, total antioxidant capacity, and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (OFR) relative to controls. However, the growth of the seedlings under SAR treatments at pH 4.5 and pH 5.6 was greater than controls. No significant differences in photosynthesis and chlorophyll a fluorescence quenching parameters were observed between the SAR treatments at pH 4.5 and pH 5.6 and controls. However, the SAR treatment at pH 3.5 resulted in altered leaf surface characteristics and changes to chloroplast ultrastructure, together with an increase in membrane electrical conductivity and an accumulation of OFR and malondialdehyde. In contrast, leaf antioxidant enzyme activities were decreased, together with electron transport parameters and photosynthesis. Taken together, these results show that the effects of acid rain on the growth and leaf physiology of mulberry seedling are dependent on pH. Moreover, mulberry seedlings had a high tolerance to acid rain at pH 4.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihui Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhiyuan Teng
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Nan Wang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Guangyu Sun
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Yanbo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
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Macêdo NS, Silveira ZDS, Bezerra AH, da Costa JGM, Coutinho HDM, Romano B, Capasso R, da Cunha FAB, da Silva MV. Caesalpinia ferrea C. Mart. (Fabaceae) Phytochemistry, Ethnobotany, and Bioactivities: A Review. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25173831. [PMID: 32842529 PMCID: PMC7503918 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Caesalpinia ferrea C. Mart., popularly known as “Jucá” or “Pau-ferro”, belongs to the Fabaceae family, and is classified as a native and endemic species in Brazil. Numerous studies that portray its ethnobotany, chemical composition, and biological activities exist in the literature. The present study aimed to systematically review publications addressing the botanical aspects, uses in popular medicine, phytochemical composition, and bioactivities of C. ferrea. The searches focused on publications from 2015 to March 2020 using the Scopus, Periódicos Capes, PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect databases. The leaves, fruits, seeds, and bark from C. ferrea are used in popular medicine to treat disorders affecting several systems, including the circulatory, immune, cardiovascular, digestive, respiratory, genitourinary, musculoskeletal, and conjunctive systems. The most commonly found chemical classes in phytochemical studies are flavonoids, polyphenols, terpenoids, tannins, saponins, steroids, and other phenolic compounds. The biological properties of the extracts and isolated compounds of C. ferrea most cited in the literature were antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, and healing potential. However, further studies are still needed to clarify a link between its traditional uses, the active compounds, and the reported pharmacological activities, as well as detailed research to determine the toxicological profile of C. ferrea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nair Silva Macêdo
- Laboratory of Semi-Arid Bioprospecting (LABSEMA), Regional University of Cariri—URCA, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil; (N.S.M.); (Z.d.S.S.); (A.H.B.)
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences—PPGCB; Federal University of Pernambuco—UFPE, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil;
| | - Zildene de Sousa Silveira
- Laboratory of Semi-Arid Bioprospecting (LABSEMA), Regional University of Cariri—URCA, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil; (N.S.M.); (Z.d.S.S.); (A.H.B.)
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences—PPGCB; Federal University of Pernambuco—UFPE, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil;
| | - Antonio Henrique Bezerra
- Laboratory of Semi-Arid Bioprospecting (LABSEMA), Regional University of Cariri—URCA, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil; (N.S.M.); (Z.d.S.S.); (A.H.B.)
| | | | - Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology (LMBM), Regional University of Cariri—URCA, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil;
| | - Barbara Romano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy;
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
- Correspondence: (R.C.); (F.A.B.d.C.)
| | - Francisco Assis Bezerra da Cunha
- Laboratory of Semi-Arid Bioprospecting (LABSEMA), Regional University of Cariri—URCA, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil; (N.S.M.); (Z.d.S.S.); (A.H.B.)
- Correspondence: (R.C.); (F.A.B.d.C.)
| | - Márcia Vanusa da Silva
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences—PPGCB; Federal University of Pernambuco—UFPE, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil;
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Acid Rain Increases Impact of Rice Blast on Crop Health via Inhibition of Resistance Enzymes. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9070881. [PMID: 32668672 PMCID: PMC7412137 DOI: 10.3390/plants9070881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, rice blast (Pyricularia oryzae) causes more rice crop loss than other diseases. Acid rain has reduced crop yields globally for nearly a century. However, the effects of acid rain on rice-Pyricularia oryzae systems are still far from fully understood. In this study, we conducted a lab cultivation experiment of P. oryzae under a series of acidity conditions as well as a glasshouse cultivation experiment of rice that was inoculated with P. oryzae either before (P. + SAR) or after (SAR + P.) simulated acid rain (SAR) at pH 5.0, 4.0, 3.0 and 2.0. Our results showed that the growth and pathogenicity of P. oryzae was significantly inhibited with decreasing pH treatments in vitro culture. The SAR + P. treatment with a pH of 4.0 was associated with the highest inhibition of P. oryzae expansion. However, regardless of the inoculation time, higher-acidity rain treatments showed a decreased inhibition of P. oryzae via disease-resistance related enzymes and metabolites in rice leaves, thus increasing disease index. The combined effects of high acidity and fungal inoculation were more serious than that of either alone. This study provides novel insights into the effects of acid rain on the plant-pathogen interaction and may also serve as a guide for evaluating disease control and crop health in the context of acid rain.
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Rodríguez-Sánchez VM, Rosas U, Calva-Vásquez G, Sandoval-Zapotitla E. Does Acid Rain Alter the Leaf Anatomy and Photosynthetic Pigments in Urban Trees? PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E862. [PMID: 32650420 PMCID: PMC7411892 DOI: 10.3390/plants9070862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Megapolis such as Mexico City, have atmospheric pollutants that interact with the humidity and solar radiation. The topography of this city promotes air stagnation, generating atmospheric pollutants and episodes of acid rain, a phenomenon well recorded since the end of the 1980s. However, little we know about how urban trees respond to acid rain in the city. Here we present how simulated acid rain causes anatomical and changes in photosynthetic pigments in two of the most abundant urban trees in Mexico City: Liquidambar styraciflua L. and Fraxinus uhdei (Wenz.) Lingelsh. We first described the leaf anatomy of both species. Then, we used one-year-old trees sprayed with sulfuric acid solutions at pH 2.5 and 3.8, and evaluated visible leaf damage, anatomical alterations, and chlorophyll contents. In both species, the pH 2.5 caused cuticle alterations and areas of total tissue destruction. L. styraciflua showed greater sensitivity, but we discuss some of the tolerance mechanisms. Finally, acid rain also reduced the chlorophyll contents. These results contribute toward a catalogue of urban tree species to describe pollution-induced damages, and the identification of tolerant species useful for short- and mid-term detection of environmental crisis, in cities with similar environmental conditions and urban tree composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica M. Rodríguez-Sánchez
- Jardín Botánico, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (V.M.R.-S.); (U.R.)
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Ulises Rosas
- Jardín Botánico, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (V.M.R.-S.); (U.R.)
| | - Germán Calva-Vásquez
- Laboratorio de Contaminación Atmosférica, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 09230, Mexico;
| | - Estela Sandoval-Zapotitla
- Jardín Botánico, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (V.M.R.-S.); (U.R.)
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