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Sato M, Akashi H, Sakamoto Y, Matsunaga S, Tsuji H. Whole-Tissue Three-Dimensional Imaging of Rice at Single-Cell Resolution. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:40. [PMID: 35008463 PMCID: PMC8744978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The three-dimensional (3D) arrangement of cells in tissues provides an anatomical basis for analyzing physiological and biochemical aspects of plant and animal cellular development and function. In this study, we established a protocol for tissue clearing and 3D imaging in rice. Our protocol is based on three improvements: clearing with iTOMEI (clearing solution suitable for plants), developing microscopic conditions in which the Z step is optimized for 3D reconstruction, and optimizing cell-wall staining. Our protocol successfully 3D imaged rice shoot apical meristems, florets, and root apical meristems at cellular resolution throughout whole tissues. Using fluorescent reporters of auxin signaling in rice root tips, we also revealed the 3D distribution of auxin signaling events that are activated in the columella, quiescent center, and multiple rows of cells in the stele of the root apical meristem. Examination of cells with higher levels of auxin signaling revealed that only the central row of cells was connected to the quiescent center. Our method provides opportunities to observe the 3D arrangement of cells in rice tissues.
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Grants
- 19J21998 Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
- 16H06464 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 16H06466 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 16H02532 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- JPMJCR16O4 Japan Science and Technology Agency
- 21H04728 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
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Affiliation(s)
- Moeko Sato
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Maioka 641-12, Totsuka, Yokohama 244-0813, Kanagawa, Japan; (M.S.); (H.A.)
| | - Hiroko Akashi
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Maioka 641-12, Totsuka, Yokohama 244-0813, Kanagawa, Japan; (M.S.); (H.A.)
| | - Yuki Sakamoto
- Imaging Frontier Center, Organization for Research Advancement, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan; (Y.S.); (S.M.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Machikaneyama-cho 1-1, Toyonaka 560-0043, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sachihiro Matsunaga
- Imaging Frontier Center, Organization for Research Advancement, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan; (Y.S.); (S.M.)
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8562, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuji
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Maioka 641-12, Totsuka, Yokohama 244-0813, Kanagawa, Japan; (M.S.); (H.A.)
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Jaiswal YS, Yerke AM, Bagley MC, Ekelöf M, Weber D, Haddad D, Fodor A, Muddiman DC, Williams LL. 3D Imaging and metabolomic profiling reveal higher neuroactive kavalactone contents in lateral roots and crown root peels of Piper methysticum (kava). Gigascience 2020; 9:giaa096. [PMID: 32960942 PMCID: PMC7507772 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giaa096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kava is an important neuroactive medicinal plant. While kava has a large global consumer footprint for its clinical and recreational use, factors related to its use lack standardization and the tissue-specific metabolite profile of its neuroactive constituents is not well understood. RESULTS Here we characterized the metabolomic profile and spatio-temporal characteristics of tissues from the roots and stems using cross-platform metabolomics and a 3D imaging approach. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed the highest content of kavalactones in crown root peels and lateral roots. Infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (IR-MALDESI) imaging revealed a unique tissue-specific presence of each target kavalactone. X-ray micro-computed tomography analysis demonstrated that lateral roots have morphological characteristics suitable for synthesis of the highest content of kavalactones. CONCLUSIONS These results provide mechanistic insights into the social and clinical practice of the use of only peeled roots by linking specific tissue characteristics to concentrations of neuroactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogini S Jaiswal
- Center for Excellence in Post Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, The North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Aaron M Yerke
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - M Caleb Bagley
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Måns Ekelöf
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Daniel Weber
- Fraunhofer Development Centre X-Ray Technology EZRT, Division of Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits IIS, Department Magnetic Resonance and X-Ray Imaging MRB, Am Hubland D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Haddad
- Fraunhofer Development Centre X-Ray Technology EZRT, Division of Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits IIS, Department Magnetic Resonance and X-Ray Imaging MRB, Am Hubland D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Anthony Fodor
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - David C Muddiman
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Molecular Education, Technology and Research Innovation Center (METRIC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Leonard L Williams
- Center for Excellence in Post Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, The North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
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