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Rosales-Reina B, Cruz-Quesada G, Padilla-Postigo N, Irigoyen-Razquin M, Alonso-Martínez E, López-Ramón MV, Espinal-Viguri M, Garrido JJ. Tunability of Hybrid Silica Xerogels: Surface Chemistry and Porous Texture Based on the Aromatic Precursor. Gels 2023; 9:gels9050382. [PMID: 37232974 DOI: 10.3390/gels9050382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The interest in new materials with specific properties has increased because they are essential for the environmental and technological needs of our society. Among them, silica hybrid xerogels have emerged as promising candidates due to their simple preparation and tunability: when they are synthesised, depending on the organic precursor and its concentration, their properties can be modulated, and thus, it is possible to prepare materials with à la carte porosity and surface chemistry. This research aims to design two new series of silica hybrid xerogels by co-condensation of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) with triethoxy(p-tolyl)silane (MPhTEOS) or 1,4-bis(triethoxysilyl)benzene (Ph(TEOS)2 and to determine their chemical and textural properties based on a variety of characterisation techniques (FT-IR, 29Si NMR, X-ray diffraction and N2, CO2 and water vapour adsorption, among others). The information gathered from these techniques reveals that depending on the organic precursor and its molar percentage, materials with different porosity, hydrophilicity and local order are obtained, evidencing the easy modulation of their properties. The ultimate goal of this study is to prepare materials suitable for a variety of applications, such as adsorbents for pollutants, catalysts, films for solar cells or coatings for optic fibre sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Rosales-Reina
- Department of Science, Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics (INAMAT2), Public University of Navarre (UPNA), Campus Arrosadía, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Guillermo Cruz-Quesada
- Department of Science, Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics (INAMAT2), Public University of Navarre (UPNA), Campus Arrosadía, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - María Victoria López-Ramón
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain
| | - Maialen Espinal-Viguri
- Department of Science, Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics (INAMAT2), Public University of Navarre (UPNA), Campus Arrosadía, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Julián J Garrido
- Department of Science, Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics (INAMAT2), Public University of Navarre (UPNA), Campus Arrosadía, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
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2
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True Molecular Composites: Unusual Structure and Properties of PDMS-MQ Resin Blends. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 15:polym15010048. [PMID: 36616398 PMCID: PMC9823799 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(dimethyl siloxane)-MQ rubber molecular composites are easy to prepare, as it does not require a heterophase mixing of ingredients. They are characterized by perfect homogeneity, so they are very promising as rubber materials with controllable functional characteristics. The manuscript reveals that MQ resin particles can significantly, more than by two orders of magnitude, enhance the mechanical properties of poly(dimethyl siloxane), and, as fillers, they are not inferior to aerosils. In the produced materials, MQ particles play a role of the molecular entanglements, so rubber molecular weight and MQ filler concentration are the parameters determining the structure and properties of such composites. Moreover, a need for a saturation of the reactive groups and minimization of the surface energy of MQ particles also determine the size and distribution of the filler at different filler rates. An unusual correlation of the concentration of MQ component and the interparticle spacing was revealed. Based on the extraordinary mechanical properties and structure features, a model of the structure poly(dimethyl siloxane)-rubber molecular composites and of its evolution in the process of stretching, was proposed.
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Novel Silica Hybrid Xerogels Prepared by Co-Condensation of TEOS and ClPhTEOS: A Chemical and Morphological Study. Gels 2022; 8:gels8100677. [PMID: 36286178 PMCID: PMC9601464 DOI: 10.3390/gels8100677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for new materials with improved properties for advanced applications is, nowadays, one of the most relevant and booming fields for scientists due to the environmental and technological needs of our society. Within this demand, hybrid siliceous materials, made out of organic and inorganic species (ORMOSILs), have emerged as an alternative with endless chemical and textural possibilities by incorporating in their structure the properties of inorganic compounds (i.e., mechanical, thermal, and structural stability) in synergy with those of organic compounds (functionality and flexibility), and thus, bestowing the material with unique properties, which allow access to multiple applications. In this work, synthesis using the sol-gel method of a series of new hybrid materials prepared by the co-condensation of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and 4-chlorophenyltriethoxysilane (ClPhTEOS) in different molar ratios is described. The aim of the study is not only the preparation of new materials but also their characterization by means of different techniques (FT-IR, 29Si NMR, X-ray Diffraction, and N2/CO2 adsorption, among others) to obtain information on their chemical behavior and porous structure. Understanding how the chemical and textural properties of these materials are modulated with respect to the molar percentage of organic precursor will help to envisage their possible applications: From the most conventional such as catalysis, adsorption, or separation, to the most advanced in nanotechnology such as microelectronics, photoluminescence, non-linear optics, or sensorics.
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29Si Solid-State NMR Analysis of Opal-AG, Opal-AN and Opal-CT: Single Pulse Spectroscopy and Spin-Lattice T1 Relaxometry. MINERALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/min12030323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Single pulse, solid-state 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy offers an additional method of characterisation of opal-A and opal-CT through spin-lattice (T1) relaxometry. Opal T1 relaxation is characterised by stretched exponential (Weibull) function represented by scale (speed of relaxation) and shape (form of the curve) parameters. Relaxation is at least an order of magnitude faster than for silica glass and quartz, with Q3 (silanol) usually faster than Q4 (fully substituted silicates). 95% relaxation (Q4) is achieved for some Australian seam opals after 50 s though other samples of opal-AG may take 4000 s, while some figures for opal-AN are over 10,000 s. Enhancement is probably mostly due to the presence of water/silanol though the presence of paramagnetic metal ions and molecular motion may also contribute. Shape factors for opal-AG (0.5) and opal-AN (0.7) are significantly different, consistent with varying water and silanol environments, possibly reflecting differences in formation conditions. Opal-CT samples show a trend of shape factors from 0.45 to 0.75 correlated to relaxation rate. Peak position, scale and shape parameter, and Q3 to Q4 ratios offer further differentiating feature to separate opal-AG and opal-AN from other forms of opaline silica. T1 relaxation measurement may have a role for provenance verification. In addition, definitively determined Q3 / Q4 ratios are in the range 0.1 to 0.4 for opal-AG but considerably lower for opal-AN and opal-CT.
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Synthesis and properties of MQ resins with phenyl groups in monofunctional units. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Meshkov IB, Kalinina AA, Gorodov VV, Bakirov AV, Krasheninnikov SV, Chvalun SN, Muzafarov AM. New Principles of Polymer Composite Preparation. MQ Copolymers as an Active Molecular Filler for Polydimethylsiloxane Rubbers. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13172848. [PMID: 34502890 PMCID: PMC8433927 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorless transparent vulcanizates of silicone elastomers were prepared by mixing the components in a common solvent followed by solvent removal. We studied the correlation between the mechanical behavior of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-rubber compositions prepared using MQ (mono-(M) and tetra-(Q) functional siloxane) copolymers with different ratios of M and Q parts as a molecular filler. The composition and molecular structure of the original rubber, MQ copolymers, and carboxyl-containing PDMS oligomers were also investigated. The simplicity of the preparation of the compositions, high strength and elongation at break, and their variability within a wide range allows us to consider silicone elastomers as a promising alternative to silicone materials prepared by traditional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan B. Meshkov
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials Russian Academy of Sciences (ISPM RAS), Profsoyuznaya 70, 117393 Moscow, Russia; (I.B.M.); (A.A.K.); (V.V.G.); (A.V.B.); (S.V.K.); (S.N.C.)
| | - Aleksandra A. Kalinina
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials Russian Academy of Sciences (ISPM RAS), Profsoyuznaya 70, 117393 Moscow, Russia; (I.B.M.); (A.A.K.); (V.V.G.); (A.V.B.); (S.V.K.); (S.N.C.)
| | - Vadim V. Gorodov
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials Russian Academy of Sciences (ISPM RAS), Profsoyuznaya 70, 117393 Moscow, Russia; (I.B.M.); (A.A.K.); (V.V.G.); (A.V.B.); (S.V.K.); (S.N.C.)
| | - Artem V. Bakirov
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials Russian Academy of Sciences (ISPM RAS), Profsoyuznaya 70, 117393 Moscow, Russia; (I.B.M.); (A.A.K.); (V.V.G.); (A.V.B.); (S.V.K.); (S.N.C.)
- National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Akademika Kurchatova pl., 1, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey V. Krasheninnikov
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials Russian Academy of Sciences (ISPM RAS), Profsoyuznaya 70, 117393 Moscow, Russia; (I.B.M.); (A.A.K.); (V.V.G.); (A.V.B.); (S.V.K.); (S.N.C.)
- National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Akademika Kurchatova pl., 1, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergei N. Chvalun
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials Russian Academy of Sciences (ISPM RAS), Profsoyuznaya 70, 117393 Moscow, Russia; (I.B.M.); (A.A.K.); (V.V.G.); (A.V.B.); (S.V.K.); (S.N.C.)
- National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Akademika Kurchatova pl., 1, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aziz M. Muzafarov
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials Russian Academy of Sciences (ISPM RAS), Profsoyuznaya 70, 117393 Moscow, Russia; (I.B.M.); (A.A.K.); (V.V.G.); (A.V.B.); (S.V.K.); (S.N.C.)
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov St., 28, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-(495)-332-58-51
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7
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Cruz-Quesada G, Espinal-Viguri M, López-Ramón MV, Garrido JJ. Novel Organochlorinated Xerogels: From Microporous Materials to Ordered Domains. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13091415. [PMID: 33925564 PMCID: PMC8123792 DOI: 10.3390/polym13091415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybrid silica xerogels combine the properties of organic and inorganic components in the same material, making them highly promising and versatile candidates for multiple applications. They can be tailored for specific purposes through chemical modifications, and the consequent changes in their structures warrant in-depth investigation. We describe the synthesis of three new series of organochlorinated xerogels prepared by co-condensation of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and chloroalkyltriethoxysilane (ClRTEOS; R = methyl [M], ethyl [E], or propyl [P]) at different molar ratios. The influence of the precursors on the morphological and textural properties of the xerogels was studied using 29Si NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance), FTIR (Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), N2, and CO2 adsorption, XRD (X-ray Diffraction), and FE-SEM (Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy). The structure and morphology of these materials are closely related to the nature and amount of the precursor, and their microporosity increases proportionally to the molar percentage of ClRTEOS. In addition, the influence of the chlorine atom was investigated through comparison with their non-chlorinated analogues (RTEOS, R = M, E, or P) prepared in previous studies. The results showed that a smaller amount of precursor was needed to detect ordered domains (ladders and T8 cages) in the local structure. The possibility of coupling self-organization with tailored porosity opens the way to novel applications for this type of organically modified silicates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Cruz-Quesada
- Departamento de Ciencias, Edif. Los Acebos, Campus Arrosadía, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Spain;
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics, Edif. Jerónimo de Ayanz, Campus Arrosadía, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maialen Espinal-Viguri
- Departamento de Ciencias, Edif. Los Acebos, Campus Arrosadía, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Spain;
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics, Edif. Jerónimo de Ayanz, Campus Arrosadía, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.E.-V.); (J.J.G.); Tel.: +34-948-169604 (M.E.-V.); +34-948-168082 (J.J.G.)
| | - María Victoria López-Ramón
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica; Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaen, Spain;
| | - Julián J. Garrido
- Departamento de Ciencias, Edif. Los Acebos, Campus Arrosadía, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Spain;
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics, Edif. Jerónimo de Ayanz, Campus Arrosadía, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.E.-V.); (J.J.G.); Tel.: +34-948-169604 (M.E.-V.); +34-948-168082 (J.J.G.)
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8
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Mitova V, Shestakova P, Koseva N, Troev K. Phosphorus and Silicon Containing Inorganic Polymer Poly(dimethylsilane H‐phosphonate): Synthesis and NMR Spectroscopic Characterization. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201801359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Mitova
- Institute of Polymers Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Akad. G. Bonchev St., Bl 103‐A 1113 Sofia Bulgaria
| | - Pavletta Shestakova
- NMR Centre, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Acad. G. Bontchev str. Bl. 9 1113 Sofia Bulgaria
| | - Neli Koseva
- Institute of Polymers Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Akad. G. Bonchev St., Bl 103‐A 1113 Sofia Bulgaria
| | - Kolio Troev
- Institute of Polymers Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Akad. G. Bonchev St., Bl 103‐A 1113 Sofia Bulgaria
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9
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Vargas-Osorio Z, Da Silva-Candal A, Piñeiro Y, Iglesias-Rey R, Sobrino T, Campos F, Castillo J, Rivas J. Multifunctional Superparamagnetic Stiff Nanoreservoirs for Blood Brain Barrier Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E449. [PMID: 30884908 PMCID: PMC6474103 DOI: 10.3390/nano9030449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Neurological diseases (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and stroke) are becoming a major concern for health systems in developed countries due to the increment of ageing in the population, and many resources are devoted to the development of new therapies and contrast agents for selective imaging. However, the strong isolation of the brain by the brain blood barrier (BBB) prevents not only the crossing of pathogens, but also a large set of beneficial drugs. Therefore, an alternative strategy is arising based on the anchoring to vascular endothelial cells of nanoplatforms working as delivery reservoirs. In this work, novel injectable mesoporous nanorods, wrapped by a fluorescent magnetic nanoparticles envelope, are proposed as biocompatible reservoirs with an extremely high loading capacity, surface versatility, and optimal morphology for enhanced grafting to vessels during their diffusive flow. Wet chemistry techniques allow for the development of mesoporous silica nanostructures with tailored properties, such as a fluorescent response suitable for optical studies, superparamagnetic behavior for magnetic resonance imaging MRI contrast, and large range ordered porosity for controlled delivery. In this work, fluorescent magnetic mesoporous nanorods were physicochemical characterized and tested in preliminary biological in vitro and in vivo experiments, showing a transversal relaxivitiy of 324.68 mM-1 s-1, intense fluorescence, large specific surface area (300 m² g-1), and biocompatibility for endothelial cells' uptake up to 100 µg (in a 80% confluent 1.9 cm² culture well), with no liver and kidney disability. These magnetic fluorescent nanostructures allow for multimodal MRI/optical imaging, the allocation of therapeutic moieties, and targeting of tissues with specific damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulema Vargas-Osorio
- NANOMAG Laboratory, Applied Physics Department, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Andrés Da Silva-Candal
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Yolanda Piñeiro
- NANOMAG Laboratory, Applied Physics Department, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Ramón Iglesias-Rey
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Tomas Sobrino
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Francisco Campos
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - José Castillo
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - José Rivas
- NANOMAG Laboratory, Applied Physics Department, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Rodriguez C, Muñoz Noval A, Torres-Costa V, Ceccone G, Manso Silván M. Visible Light Assisted Organosilane Assembly on Mesoporous Silicon Films and Particles. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12010131. [PMID: 30609796 PMCID: PMC6337525 DOI: 10.3390/ma12010131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Porous silicon (PSi) is a versatile matrix with tailorable surface reactivity, which allows the processing of a range of multifunctional films and particles. The biomedical applications of PSi often require a surface capping with organic functionalities. This work shows that visible light can be used to catalyze the assembly of organosilanes on the PSi, as demonstrated with two organosilanes: aminopropyl-triethoxy-silane and perfluorodecyl-triethoxy-silane. We studied the process related to PSi films (PSiFs), which were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), time of flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (ToF-SIMS) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) before and after a plasma patterning process. The analyses confirmed the surface oxidation and the anchorage of the organosilane backbone. We further highlighted the surface analytical potential of 13C, 19F and 29Si solid-state NMR (SS-NMR) as compared to Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) in the characterization of functionalized PSi particles (PSiPs). The reduced invasiveness of the organosilanization regarding the PSiPs morphology was confirmed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and FESEM. Relevantly, the results obtained on PSiPs complemented those obtained on PSiFs. SS-NMR suggests a number of siloxane bonds between the organosilane and the PSiPs, which does not reach levels of maximum heterogeneous condensation, while ToF-SIMS suggested a certain degree of organosilane polymerization. Additionally, differences among the carbons in the organic (non-hydrolyzable) functionalizing groups are identified, especially in the case of the perfluorodecyl group. The spectroscopic characterization was used to propose a mechanism for the visible light activation of the organosilane assembly, which is based on the initial photoactivated oxidation of the PSi matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Rodriguez
- Departamento de Física Aplicada and Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales Nicolás Cabrera, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alvaro Muñoz Noval
- Departamento de Física Aplicada and Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales Nicolás Cabrera, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Vicente Torres-Costa
- Departamento de Física Aplicada and Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales Nicolás Cabrera, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Microanálisis de Materiales, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Giacomo Ceccone
- European Commission, Joint Research Center, 21020 Ispra (Va), Italy.
| | - Miguel Manso Silván
- Departamento de Física Aplicada and Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales Nicolás Cabrera, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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11
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Huihui D, Li W, Yan Z, Liting L, Houbin L, Ronghua H. Improved processibility of silicone composites by MQ silicone resins. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Di Huihui
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 People's Republic of China
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute; Xi'an 710065 People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Li
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhang Yan
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute; Xi'an 710065 People's Republic of China
| | - Luo Liting
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics & Mathematics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Wuhan 430071 People's Republic of China
| | - Li Houbin
- School of Printing and Packaging; Wuhan University; Wuhan, Hubei 430072 China
| | - Huang Ronghua
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 People's Republic of China
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12
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Huang Z, Wu J, Liu X, Ji H, He R, Liu R, Pimhataivoot P, Chen X. Versatile Cascade Esterification Route to MQ Resins. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:4054-4062. [PMID: 31458641 PMCID: PMC6641648 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We describe a versatile cascade route for manufacturing MQ resins using alkoxysilanes (e.g., tetraethoxysilane (TEOS)) or equivalent oligomers (e.g., ethyl polysilicate (polyTEOS)), a carboxylic acid (typically acetic acid), and hexamethyldisiloxane (MM) as starting materials; a strong acid catalyst is also employed in the one-pot reaction. The siloxane resin synthesis is accompanied by esterification of the carboxylic acid to give ethyl acetate, which acts as an important solvent, making the process more controllable. Contrary to traditional sol-gel methods, no water is introduced in the experiments, but is generated in situ. The strategy offers several advantages, including reproducibility, high yields of siloxane resins with excellent batch-to-batch consistency and without gel formation, narrow dispersity, low Si-hydroxyl residues in the final products, and the ability of increasing the molecular weight by thermal treatment. The process utilizes the green chemistry concepts of lower pollutant formation and higher atom efficiency.
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Synthesis and Properties of MQ Copolymers: Current State of Knowledge. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 22:molecules22101768. [PMID: 29065552 PMCID: PMC6151544 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we discuss currently available studies on the synthesis and properties of MQ copolymers. The data on methods of producing hydrolytic and heterofunctional polycondensation of functional organosilanes as well as the obtaining MQ copolymers based on silicic acids and nature silicates are considered. The ratio of M and Q monomers and the production method determine the structure of MQ copolymers and, accordingly, their physicochemical characteristics. It is shown that the most successful synthetic approach is a polycondensation of organoalkoxysilanes in the medium of anhydrous acetic acid, which reduces the differences in reactivity of M and Q monomers and leads to obtaining a product with uniform composition in all fractions, with full absence of residual alkoxy-groups. The current concept of MQ copolymers is that of organo-inorganic hybrid systems with nanosized crosslinked inorganic regions limited by triorganosilyl groups and containing residual hydroxyl groups. The systems can be considered as a peculiar molecular composites consisting of separate parts that play the role of a polymer matrix, a plasticizer, and a nanosized filler.
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Smet S, Vandenbrande S, Verlooy P, Kerkhofs S, Breynaert E, Kirschhock CEA, Martineau-Corcos C, Taulelle F, Van Speybroeck V, Martens JA. Alternating Copolymer of Double Four Ring Silicate and Dimethyl Silicone Monomer-PSS-1. Chemistry 2017; 23:11286-11293. [PMID: 28590596 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A new copolymer consisting of double four ring (D4R) silicate units linked by dimethylsilicone monomer referred to as polyoligosiloxysilicone number one (PSS-1) was synthesized. The D4R building unit is provided by hexamethyleneimine cyclosilicate hydrate crystals, which were dehydrated and reacted with dichlorodimethylsilane. The local structure of D4R silicate units and dimethyl silicone monomers was revealed by multidimensional solid-state NMR, FTIR and modeling. On average, D4R silicate units have 6.8 silicone linkages. Evidence for preferential unidirectional growth and chain ordering within the PSS-1 copolymer was provided by STEM and TEM. The structure of PSS-1 copolymer consists of twisted columns of D4R silicate units with or without cross-linking. Both models are consistent with the spectroscopic, microscopic and physical properties. PSS-1 chains are predicted to be mechanically strong compared to silicones such as PDMS, yet more flexible than rigid silica materials such as zeolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Smet
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200f-2461, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven Vandenbrande
- Centre for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Pieter Verlooy
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200f-2461, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stef Kerkhofs
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200f-2461, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eric Breynaert
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200f-2461, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christine E A Kirschhock
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200f-2461, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Francis Taulelle
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200f-2461, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.,Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, University of Versailles, Versailles, France
| | | | - Johan A Martens
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200f-2461, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H. Flagg
- Polymer Science and Engineering
Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Thomas J. McCarthy
- Polymer Science and Engineering
Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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