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Remedio LN, Garcia VADS, Rochetti AL, Berretta AA, Ferreira JA, Fukumasu H, Vanin FM, Yoshida CMP, de Carvalho RA. Oral Films Printed with Green Propolis Ethanolic Extract. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1811. [PMID: 39000666 PMCID: PMC11243841 DOI: 10.3390/polym16131811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral film (OF) research has intensified due to the effortless administration and advantages related to absorption in systemic circulation. Chitosan is one of the polymers widely used in the production of OFs; however, studies evaluating the maintenance of the active principles' activity are incipient. Propolis has been widely used as an active compound due to its different actions. Printing techniques to incorporate propolis in OFs prove to be efficient. The objective of the present study is to develop and characterize oral films based on chitosan and propolis using printing techniques and to evaluate the main activities of the extract incorporated into the polymeric matrix. The OFs were characterized in relation to the structure using scanning and atomic force electron microscopy; the mechanical properties, disintegration time, wettability, and stability of antioxidant activity were evaluated. The ethanolic extract of green propolis (GPEE) concentration influenced the properties of the OFs. The stability (phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity) was reduced in the first 20 days, and after this period, it remained constant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Neodini Remedio
- Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, USP—University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (L.N.R.); (A.L.R.); (H.F.); (F.M.V.)
| | - Vitor Augusto dos Santos Garcia
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, UNESP—São Paulo State University, José Barbosa de Barros 1780, Botucatu 18610-034, SP, Brazil;
| | - Arina Lazaro Rochetti
- Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, USP—University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (L.N.R.); (A.L.R.); (H.F.); (F.M.V.)
| | - Andresa Aparecida Berretta
- Research, Development & Innovation Department, Apis Flora Industrial e Comercial Ltda, Rua Triunfo 945, Ribeirão Preto 14020-670, SP, Brazil;
| | - Julieta Adriana Ferreira
- FHO—Hermínio Ometto Foundation, Av. Doutor Maximiliano Baruto 500, Araras 13607-339, SP, Brazil;
| | - Heidge Fukumasu
- Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, USP—University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (L.N.R.); (A.L.R.); (H.F.); (F.M.V.)
| | - Fernanda Maria Vanin
- Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, USP—University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (L.N.R.); (A.L.R.); (H.F.); (F.M.V.)
| | - Cristiana Maria Pedroso Yoshida
- Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNIFESP—Federal University of São Paulo, Rua São Nicolau 210, Diadema 09913-030, SP, Brazil;
| | - Rosemary Aparecida de Carvalho
- Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, USP—University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (L.N.R.); (A.L.R.); (H.F.); (F.M.V.)
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Verma V, Bade I, Karde V, Heng JYY. Experimental Elucidation of Templated Crystallization and Secondary Processing of Peptides. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041288. [PMID: 37111774 PMCID: PMC10142637 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The crystallization of peptides offers a sustainable and inexpensive alternative to the purification process. In this study, diglycine was crystallised in porous silica, showing the porous templates' positive yet discriminating effect. The diglycine induction time was reduced by five-fold and three-fold upon crystallising in the presence of silica with pore sizes of 6 nm and 10 nm, respectively. The diglycine induction time had a direct relationship with the silica pore size. The stable form (α-form) of diglycine was crystallised in the presence of porous silica, with the diglycine crystals obtained associated with the silica particles. Further, we studied the mechanical properties of diglycine tablets for their tabletability, compactability, and compressibility. The mechanical properties of the diglycine tablets were similar to those of pure MCC, even with the presence of diglycine crystals in the tablets. The diffusion studies of the tablets using the dialysis membrane presented an extended release of diglycine through the dialysis membrane, confirming that the peptide crystal can be used for oral formulation. Hence, the crystallization of peptides preserved their mechanical and pharmacological properties. More data on different peptides can help us produce oral formulation peptides faster than usual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Verma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Isha Bade
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Vikram Karde
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jerry Y Y Heng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Institute for Molecular Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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Spleis H, Federer C, Claus V, Sandmeier M, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Hydrophobic Ion Pairing of Small Molecules: How to Minimize Premature Drug Release from SEDDS and Reach the Absorption Membrane in Intact Form. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:1450-1459. [PMID: 36786693 PMCID: PMC10015432 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
The present work aimed to form hydrophobic ion pairs (HIPs) of a small molecule remaining inside the oily droplets of SEDDS to a high extent. HIPs of ethacridine and various surfactants classified by functional groups of phosphates, sulfates, and sulfonates were formed and precipitation efficiency, log Dn-octanol/water, and solubility in different excipients were investigated. Most lipophilic HIPs were incorporated into SEDDS and evaluated regarding drug release. Docusate HIPs showed the highest increase in lipophilicity with a precipitation efficiency of 100%, a log Dn-octanol/water of 2.66 and a solubility of 132 mg/mL in n-octanol, 123 mg/mL in oleyl alcohol, and 40 mg/mL in medium chain triglycerides. Docusate HIPs were incorporated into three SEDDS of increasing lipophilicity (F1 < F2 < F3) based on medium chain triglycerides, oleyl alcohol, Kolliphor EL, and Tween 80 (F1: 1 + 5 + 2 + 2; F2: 3 + 3 + 2 + 2; F3: 5 + 1 + 4 + 0). Highest achievable payloads ranged from 74.49 mg/mL (F3) to 97.13 mg/mL (F1) and log DSEDDS/RM increased by at least 7.5 units (4.99, F1). Drug release studies via the diffusion membrane method confirmed minor release of docusate HIPs from all SEDDS (<2.7% within 4 h). In conclusion, highly lipophilic HIPs remain inside the oily phase of SEDDS and likely reach the absorption membrane in intact form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Spleis
- Thiomatrix
Forschungs- und Beratungs GmbH, Trientlgasse 65, 6020Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christoph Federer
- Thiomatrix
Forschungs- und Beratungs GmbH, Trientlgasse 65, 6020Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Victor Claus
- Thiomatrix
Forschungs- und Beratungs GmbH, Trientlgasse 65, 6020Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Matthias Sandmeier
- Thiomatrix
Forschungs- und Beratungs GmbH, Trientlgasse 65, 6020Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- Thiomatrix
Forschungs- und Beratungs GmbH, Trientlgasse 65, 6020Innsbruck, Austria
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Technology, University
of Innsbruck, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innrain 80/82, 6020Innsbruck, Austria
- . Phone: +43-512-507-58-600
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Remedio LN, Garcia VADS, Rochetti AL, Yoshida CMP, Fukumasu H, Vanin FM, Carvalho RAD. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose orally disintegration films produced by tape casting with the incorporation of propolis ethanolic extract using the printing technique. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.108176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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5
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Tran H, Patel PJ, Aburub A, Sperry A, Estwick S, ElSayed MEH, -Mannan AD. Identification of a Multi-Component Formulation for Intestinal Delivery of a GLP-1/Glucagon Co-agonist Peptide. Pharm Res 2022; 39:2555-2567. [PMID: 36050547 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03372-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Oral delivery of therapeutic peptides has been challenging due to multiple physiological factors and physicochemical properties of peptides. We report a systematic approach to identify formulation compositions combining a permeation enhancer and a peptidase inhibitor that minimize proteolytic degradation and increase absorption of a peptide across the small intestine. METHODS An acylated glucagon-like peptide-1/glucagon co-agonist peptide (4.5 kDa) was selected as a model peptide. Proteolytic stability of the peptide was investigated in rat and pig SIF. Effective PEs and multiple component formulations were identified in rats. Relative bioavailability of the peptide was determined in minipigs via intraduodenal administration (ID) of enteric capsules. RESULTS The peptide degraded rapidly in the rat and pig SIF. Citric acid, SBTI, and SBTCI inhibited the enzymatic degradation. The peptide self-associated into trimers in solution, however, addition of PEs monomerized the peptide. C10 was the most effective PE among tested PEs (DPC, LC, rhamnolipid, C12-maltosides, and SNAC) to improve intestinal absorption of the peptide in the rat IJ-closed loop model. A combination of C10 and SBTI or SBTCI increased the peptide exposure 5-tenfold compared to the exposure with the PE alone in the rat IJ-cannulated model, and achieved 1.06 ± 0.76% bioavailability in minipigs relative to subcutaneous via ID administration using enteric capsules. CONCLUSION We identified SBTI and C10 as an effective peptidase inhibitor and PE for intestinal absorption of the peptide. The combination of SBTI and C10 addressed the peptide physiochemical properties and provides a formulation strategy to achieve intestinal delivery of this peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huyen Tran
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA.
| | - Phenil J Patel
- Synthetic Molecule Design and Development, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Aktham Aburub
- Synthetic Molecule Design and Development, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Andrea Sperry
- Department of Drug Disposition, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Selina Estwick
- Department of Drug Disposition, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Mohamed E H ElSayed
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Amita Datta -Mannan
- Exploratory Medicine and Pharmacology, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA.
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Recent Advances in Oral Peptide or Protein-Based Drug Liposomes. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15091072. [PMID: 36145293 PMCID: PMC9501131 DOI: 10.3390/ph15091072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The high physiology and low toxicity of therapeutic peptides and proteins have made them a hot spot for drug development in recent years. However, their poor oral bioavailability and unstable metabolism make their clinical application difficult. The bilayer membrane of liposomes provides protection for the drug within the compartment, and their high biocompatibility makes the drug more easily absorbed by the body. However, phospholipids—which form the membranes—are subjected to various digestive enzymes and mucosal adhesion in the digestive tract and disintegrate before absorption. Improvements in the composition of liposomes or modifying their surface can enhance the stability of the liposomes in the gastrointestinal tract. This article reviews the basic strategies for liposome preparation and surface modification that promote the oral administration of therapeutic polypeptides.
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7
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Klepach A, Tran H, Ahmad Mohammed F, ElSayed ME. Characterization and impact of peptide physicochemical properties on oral and subcutaneous delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 186:114322. [PMID: 35526665 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Peptides, an emerging modality within the biopharmaceutical industry, are often delivered subcutaneously with evolving prospects on oral delivery. Barrier biology within the subcutis or gastrointestinal tract is a significant challenge in limiting absorption or otherwise disrupting peptide disposition. Aspects of peptide pharmacokinetic performance and ADME can be mitigated with careful molecular design that tailors for properties such as effective size, hydrophobicity, net charge, proteolytic stability, and albumin binding. In this review, we endeavor to highlight effective techniques in qualifying physicochemical properties of peptides and discuss advancements of in vitro models of subcutaneous and oral delivery. Additionally, we will delineate empirical findings around the relationship of these physicochemical properties and in vivo (animal or human) impact. We conclude that robust peptide characterization methods and in vitro techniques with demonstrated correlations to in vivo data are key routines to incorporate in the drug discovery and development to improve the probability of technical and commercial success of peptide therapeutics.
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Lourenço CAM, Garcia VA, Borges JG, Yoshida CMP, Vanin FM, Carvalho RA. A novel phenolic compounds delivery system: Oral films with extract from camu‐camu industrial residue. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Alves Monaco Lourenço
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering University of São Paulo Pirassununga São Paulo Brazil
| | - Vitor Augusto Garcia
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering University of São Paulo Pirassununga São Paulo Brazil
| | - Josiane Gonçalves Borges
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering University of São Paulo Pirassununga São Paulo Brazil
| | - Cristiana Maria Pedroso Yoshida
- Institute of Environmental, Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNIFESP Federal University of Sao Paulo Diadema São Paulo Brazil
| | - Fernanda Maria Vanin
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering University of São Paulo Pirassununga São Paulo Brazil
| | - Rosemary Aparecida Carvalho
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering University of São Paulo Pirassununga São Paulo Brazil
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Gülbağ Pınar S, Pezik E, Mutlu Ağardan B, Çelebi N. Development of cyclosporine A nanosuspension: cytotoxicity and permeability on Caco-2 cell lines. Pharm Dev Technol 2021; 27:52-62. [PMID: 34931593 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2021.2020817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Cyclosporine A is a calcineurin inhibitor and is usually used as an immunosuppressant medication. The main purpose of this study is to develop nanosuspension of polypeptide cyclosporine A by using the wet milling method for oral administration. Cell culture studies were also performed with human intestinal Caco-2 cell lines. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and sodium dodecyl sulfate were used as stabilizers in nanosuspension. In vitro characterization studies such as Fourier-transform infrared analysis and morphological imaging with scanning electron microscopy have been carried out with obtained cyclosporine A nanosuspension. The particle size, particle size distribution, and zeta potential values of the nanosuspension were measured approximately 400 nm, 0.4, and -25 mV, respectively. The solubility of cyclosporine A was increased 4.5 times in nanosuspension compared to the coarse cyclosporine A powder. As a result of cytotoxicity studies conducted with different concentrations, it was decided to conduct permeability studies at a dose equivalent to 150 µg/mL cyclosporine A. Permeation studies have shown that the nanosuspension increases cyclosporine A transport by 5 and 1.5 times, respectively, compared to coarse powder and commercial product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sıla Gülbağ Pınar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Esra Pezik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Başaran Mutlu Ağardan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nevin Çelebi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Başkent University, Ankara, Turkey
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Oral Films with Addition Mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) as a Source of Active Compounds. J Pharm Sci 2021; 111:1739-1748. [PMID: 34863975 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop oral films (OFs) based on agar-agar with the incorporation of mushroom powder (MP) as a source of phenolic compounds. To this end, three different OFs were produced using different concentrations of MP, containing sorbitol and agar-agar. The OFs were characterized based on visual assessment, mass, thickness, moisture content, folding endurance, surface pH, contact angle, and phenolic compound content, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and FTIR, as well as an assessment of their antioxidant capacity. In general, all the OFs showed film-forming capacity after the incorporation of MP, although their mass, thickness, moisture content, and folding endurance differed significantly. The surface pH value remained close to neutrality (∼6.7), regardless of MP concentration. The incorporation of MP increased the crystallinity of the OFs in comparison to that of the agar-based film, but all the OFs showed similar FTIR spectra. The oral films containing 2 g of MP showed antioxidant capacity by ABTS●+ and FRAP of 3.68±0.23 and 14.61±0.66 mMol ET/g OF, respectively, and total phenolic content of 3.55±0.27 µmol GAE/g OF. Thus, oral films offer an innovative source of delivery of active compounds, and their consumption does not cause oral mucosal irritation.
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Measuring the oral bioavailability of protein hydrolysates derived from food sources: A critical review of current bioassays. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112275. [PMID: 34628165 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food proteins are a source of hydrolysates with potentially useful biological attributes. Bioactive peptides from food-derived proteins are released from hydrolysates using exogenous industrial processes or endogenous intestinal enzymes. Current in vitro permeability assays have limitations in predicting the oral bioavailability (BA) of bioactive peptides in humans. There are also difficulties in relating the low blood levels of food-derived bioactive peptides detected in preclinical in vivo models to pharmacodynamic read-outs relevant for humans. SCOPE AND APPROACH In this review, we describe in vitro assays of digestion, permeation, and metabolism as indirect predictors of the potential oral BA of hydrolysates and their constituent bioactive peptides. We discuss the relationship between industrial hydrolysis processes and the oral BA of hydrolysates and their peptide by-products. KEY FINDINGS Hydrolysates are challenging for analytical detection methods due to capacity for enzymatic generation of peptides with novel sequences and also new modifications of these peptides during digestion. Mass spectrometry and peptidomics can improve the capacity to detect individual peptides released from complex hydrolysates in biological milieu.
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Hu M, Li Y, Huang J, Wang X, Han J. Electrospun Scaffold for Biomimic Culture of Caco-2 Cell Monolayer as an In Vitro Intestinal Model. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:1340-1349. [PMID: 35014485 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Caco-2 cell monolayer has been extensively used for the high-throughput assessing of nutrient absorption, screening of drug permeability, and studying the intestinal physiological process in vitro. The most used Caco-2 cell model is the Transwell model with polycarbonate microporous membranes. However, Caco-2 cells in the classical Transwell model need 21 days to gain an intact and mature monolayer. Electrospun nanofiber scaffolds mimicking the natural extracellular matrix could improve cell adhesion, proliferation, and expression, whereas there are no reports that intestinal cells were cultured on the electrospun nanofiber scaffolds. Here, electrospun polylactic acid (PLA) nanofiber scaffolds were chosen as the ideal scaffolds for Caco-2 cell monolayers to construct a modified Transwell. Cell morphology and polarity were studied. Monolayer barrier properties were assessed by measuring transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and the leakage of phenol red. As found, intact Caco-2 cell monolayers were formed on the PLA nanofiber scaffolds after 4 days of culture. After 4 days, the TEER increased to 422 Ω·cm2 and the apparent permeability coefficients of phenol red decreased to 1.0 ± 0.1 × 10-6 cm/s, suggesting that Caco-2 cell monolayers developed a formidable barrier to small molecules on the surface of PLA nanofiber scaffolds. Microvilli and tight junctions were clearly visible after day 3. Besides, Caco-2 cell monolayers on the surface of PLA nanofiber scaffolds presented higher differentiation properties than on the surface of the polycarbonate microporous membrane in traditional Transwell including higher alkaline phosphatase activity and higher P-gp activity. Results of quercetin absorption and probiotics adhesion demonstrated that Caco-2 cell monolayers formed on the surface of PLA nanofiber scaffolds also had better physiological function and prediction function in vitro. Overall, the present study indicated that the Transwell with the structurally and functionally biomimetic electrospun PLA nanofiber scaffold could be potentially developed as a promising in vitro intestinal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxin Hu
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yue Li
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jingjing Huang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xiu Wang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jianzhong Han
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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Ansari MJ, Alnakhli M, Al-Otaibi T, Meanazel OA, Anwer MK, Ahmed MM, Alshahrani SM, Alshetaili A, Aldawsari MF, Alalaiwe AS, Alanazi AZ, Zahrani MA, Ahmad N. Formulation and evaluation of self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system of brigatinib: Improvement of solubility, in vitro release, ex-vivo permeation and anticancer activity. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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14
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Oral peptide delivery: challenges and the way ahead. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:931-950. [PMID: 33444788 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Peptides and proteins have emerged as potential therapeutic agents and, in the search for the best treatment regimen, the oral route has been extensively evaluated because of its non-invasive and safe nature. The physicochemical properties of peptides and proteins along with the hurdles in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), such as degrading enzymes and permeation barriers, are challenges to their delivery. To address these challenges, several conventional and novel approaches, such as nanocarriers, site-specific and stimuli specific delivery, are being used. In this review, we discuss the challenges to the oral delivery of peptides and the approaches used to tackle these challenges.
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15
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Mortelé O, Jörissen J, Spacova I, Lebeer S, van Nuijs ALN, Hermans N. Demonstrating the involvement of an active efflux mechanism in the intestinal absorption of chlorogenic acid and quinic acid using a Caco-2 bidirectional permeability assay. Food Funct 2021; 12:417-425. [PMID: 33336676 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02629h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Chlorogenic acid (5-caffeoylquinic acid), the most prominent polyphenolic compound in coffee, has been attributed multiple health-promoting effects such as anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and antioxidative effects. These effects are dependent on the bioavailability of chlorogenic acid, which is determined by the pharmacokinetic properties: absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME). In order to have a better understanding of the biological properties of chlorogenic acid and to optimize formulation and dosing of chlorogenic acid-containing food supplements, information on the absorption of chlorogenic acid and its microbial biotransformation products is of essence. METHODS AND RESULTS In the present work, the intestinal absorption of chlorogenic acid and quinic acid, one of its most prominent intestinal biotransformation products, was studied by an in vitro permeability assay using a human Caco-2 cell line model. For both chlorogenic acid and quinic acid, the involvement of an active efflux mechanism was demonstrated, suggesting an overall low intestinal absorption. CONCLUSIONS An overall low intestinal absorption for chlorogenic acid and quinic acid was reported given the involvement of an active efflux mechanism. These findings could aid in the development of optimal formulation and dosing strategies of chlorogenic acid in food supplements in order to obtain beneficial health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Mortelé
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium. and Natural Products and Food - Research & Analysis (NatuRA), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Jennifer Jörissen
- Research Group Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology (ENdEMIC), Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Irina Spacova
- Research Group Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology (ENdEMIC), Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sarah Lebeer
- Research Group Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology (ENdEMIC), Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Nina Hermans
- Natural Products and Food - Research & Analysis (NatuRA), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
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Buya AB, Beloqui A, Memvanga PB, Préat V. Self-Nano-Emulsifying Drug-Delivery Systems: From the Development to the Current Applications and Challenges in Oral Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E1194. [PMID: 33317067 PMCID: PMC7764143 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately one third of newly discovered drug molecules show insufficient water solubility and therefore low oral bio-availability. Self-nano-emulsifying drug-delivery systems (SNEDDSs) are one of the emerging strategies developed to tackle the issues associated with their oral delivery. SNEDDSs are composed of an oil phase, surfactant, and cosurfactant or cosolvent. SNEDDSs characteristics, their ability to dissolve a drug, and in vivo considerations are determinant factors in the choice of SNEDDSs excipients. A SNEDDS formulation can be optimized through phase diagram approach or statistical design of experiments. The characterization of SNEDDSs includes multiple orthogonal methods required to fully control SNEDDS manufacture, stability, and biological fate. Encapsulating a drug in SNEDDSs can lead to increased solubilization, stability in the gastro-intestinal tract, and absorption, resulting in enhanced bio-availability. The transformation of liquid SNEDDSs into solid dosage forms has been shown to increase the stability and patient compliance. Supersaturated, mucus-permeating, and targeted SNEDDSs can be developed to increase efficacy and patient compliance. Self-emulsification approach has been successful in oral drug delivery. The present review gives an insight of SNEDDSs for the oral administration of both lipophilic and hydrophilic compounds from the experimental bench to marketed products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristote B. Buya
- Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier 73, B1.73.12, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (A.B.B.); (A.B.)
- Pharmaceutics and Phytopharmaceutical Drug Development Research Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa XI BP 212, Democratic Republic of the Congo;
| | - Ana Beloqui
- Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier 73, B1.73.12, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (A.B.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Patrick B. Memvanga
- Pharmaceutics and Phytopharmaceutical Drug Development Research Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa XI BP 212, Democratic Republic of the Congo;
| | - Véronique Préat
- Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier 73, B1.73.12, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (A.B.B.); (A.B.)
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Garcia VADS, Borges JG, Osiro D, Vanin FM, Carvalho RAD. Orally disintegrating films based on gelatin and pregelatinized starch: new carriers of active compounds from acerola. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.105518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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SILVA HELOÍSARDA, STEVANATO NATÁLIA, GARCIA VITORA, SILVA CAMILADA. Production of HPMC-films for lactase administration. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2020; 92:e20200348. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202020200348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Borges JG, Garcia VADS, Carvalho RAD. Extraction of active compounds from different parts of pomegranate and incorporation into a potential delivery model system using a printing technique. FOOD BIOSCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2019.100480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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20
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Gadgil P, Alleyne C, Feng KI, Hu M, Gindy M, Buevich AV, Fauty S, Salituro G, Wen J, Li Y, Nofsinger R, Sawyer TK, Buist N. Assessing the Utility of In Vitro Screening Tools for Predicting Bio-Performance of Oral Peptide Delivery. Pharm Res 2019; 36:151. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-019-2682-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Influence of PLA-PEG nanoparticles manufacturing process on intestinal transporter PepT1 targeting and oxytocin transport. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 129:122-133. [PMID: 29803721 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Oral administration of peptides still remains a challenging issue. We previously pointed out the possibility to target intestinal PepT1 transporter with functionalized PLA-PEG nanoparticles (NPs) formulated by nanoprecipitation, and to improve drug-loaded intestinal permeability. Nevertheless, alternative manufacturing processes exist and the impact on the intestinal transporter targeting could be interesting to study. Our objective is consequently to assess the ability of functionalized NPs to target PepT1 according to the manufacturing process, and the possibility to improve peptide absorption. PLA-PEG-Valine NPs were formulated by nanoprecipitation, double and simple emulsion with median particle size <200 nm. Using Caco-2 cells, the competition between PLA-PEG-Val NPs formulated by the different manufacturing processes, and [3H]Glycylsarcosine, a well-known substrate of PepT1, was observed to evaluate the impact of the process on the intestinal transporter PepT1 targeting. Simultaneously, PLA-PEG-Val NPs were labeled with fluorescein (FITC) to evaluate PepT1 targeting and to observe the behavior of the NPs close to the cell according to the manufacturing process by confocal imaging. Finally, oxytocin peptide (OXY) was encapsulated in Val-NPs according to the most relevant process and the transport of the drug was assessed in vitro and in vivo, and compared to free drug. It was possible to observe by TEM imaging a better organization and expression of the ligand at the surface for NPs formulated by emulsion processes. Furthermore, the competition between functionalized NPs and [3H]Glycylsarcosine revealed a better transport inhibition of [3H]Glycylsarcosine for NPs formulated by double emulsion (≈ 67%). These results were confirmed by fluorescence measurements, comparing the amount of fluorescence linked to the cells after incubation with fluorescent Val-NPs for the 3 processes (≈ 39% for double emulsion). Additionally, confocal microscopy confirmed the ability of Val-NPs prepared by double emulsion to target the cell membrane and even to reach the intracellular space. OXY was then encapsulated by double emulsion in Val-NPs with a drug load of ≈ 4%. It was thus shown in vitro that drug transport was doubled compared to free drug. In vivo, OXY plasma concentration after oral administration were significantly increased when encapsulated in Val-NPS obtained by double emulsion compared to free drug. These results demonstrated that NPs prepared by double emulsion allowed a better PepT1 targeting and is a promising approach for oral peptide delivery.
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Shi YH, Xiao JJ, Feng RP, Liu YY, Liao M, Wu XW, Hua RM, Cao HQ. Factors Affecting the Bioaccessibility and Intestinal Transport of Difenoconazole, Hexaconazole, and Spirodiclofen in Human Caco-2 Cells Following in Vitro Digestion. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:9139-9146. [PMID: 28915046 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study examined how gastrointestinal conditions affect pesticide bioaccessibility and intestinal transepithelial transport of pesticides (difenoconazole, hexaconazole, and spirodiclofen) in humans. We used an in vitro model combining human gastric and intestinal digestion, followed with Caco-2 cell model for human intestinal absorption. Bioaccessibility of three tested pesticides ranged from 25.2 to 76.3% and 10.6 to 79.63% in the gastric and intestinal phases, respectively. A marked trend similar to the normal distribution was observed between bioaccessibility and pH, with highest values observed at pH 2.12 in gastric juice. No significant differences were observed with increasing digestion time; however, a significant negative correlation was observed with the solid-liquid (S/L) ratio, following a logarithmic equation. R2 ranged from 0.9198 to 0.9848 and 0.9526 to 0.9951 in the simulated gastric and intestinal juices, respectively, suggesting that the S/L ratio is also a major factor affecting bioaccessibility. Moreover, significant dose- and time-response effects were subsequently observed for intestinal membrane permeability of difenoconazole, but not for hexaconazole or spirodiclofen. This is the first study to demonstrate the uptake of pesticides by human intestinal cells, aiding quantification of the likely effects on human health and highlighting the importance of considering bioaccessibility in studies of dietary exposure to pesticide residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hong Shi
- School of Resource & Environment, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Jin-Jing Xiao
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Rong-Peng Feng
- School of Resource & Environment, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Yu-Ying Liu
- School of Resource & Environment, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Min Liao
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Xiang-Wei Wu
- School of Resource & Environment, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Ri-Mao Hua
- School of Resource & Environment, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Hai-Qun Cao
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
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Röhm M, Carle S, Maigler F, Flamm J, Kramer V, Mavoungou C, Schmid O, Schindowski K. A comprehensive screening platform for aerosolizable protein formulations for intranasal and pulmonary drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2017; 532:537-546. [PMID: 28917988 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Aerosolized administration of biopharmaceuticals to the airways is a promising route for nasal and pulmonary drug delivery, but - in contrast to small molecules - little is known about the effects of aerosolization on safety and efficacy of biopharmaceuticals. Proteins are sensitive against aerosolization-associated shear stress. Tailored formulations can shield proteins and enhance permeation, but formulation development requires extensive screening approaches. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop a cell-based in vitro technology platform that includes screening of protein quality after aerosolization and transepithelial permeation. For efficient screening, a previously published aerosolization-surrogate assay was used in a design of experiments approach to screen suitable formulations for an IgG and its antigen-binding fragment (Fab) as exemplary biopharmaceuticals. Efficient, dose-controlled aerosol-cell delivery was performed with the ALICE-CLOUD system containing RPMI 2650 epithelial cells at the air-liquid interface. We could demonstrate that our technology platform allows for rapid and efficient screening of formulations consisting of different excipients (here: arginine, cyclodextrin, polysorbate, sorbitol, and trehalose) to minimize aerosolization-induced protein aggregation and maximize permeation through an in vitro epithelial cell barrier. Formulations reduced aggregation of native Fab and IgG relative to vehicle up to 50% and enhanced transepithelial permeation rate up to 2.8-fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Röhm
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht-Strasse 35, 88400 Biberach, Germany; University of Ulm, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Stefan Carle
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht-Strasse 35, 88400 Biberach, Germany; University of Ulm, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Frank Maigler
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht-Strasse 35, 88400 Biberach, Germany; University of Applied Sciences Sigmaringen, Faculty of Life Sciences, Anton-Günther-Strasse 51, 72488 Sigmaringen, Germany
| | - Johannes Flamm
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht-Strasse 35, 88400 Biberach, Germany
| | - Viktoria Kramer
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht-Strasse 35, 88400 Biberach, Germany
| | - Chrystelle Mavoungou
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht-Strasse 35, 88400 Biberach, Germany
| | - Otmar Schmid
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Max-Lebsche-Platz 31, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Schindowski
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht-Strasse 35, 88400 Biberach, Germany.
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dos Santos Garcia VA, Gonçalves Borges J, Mazalli MR, Lapa-Guimarães JDG, Vanin FM, de Carvalho RA. Gelatin and pregelatinized starch orally disintegrating films: Properties and stability of vitamin C. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Augusto dos Santos Garcia
- Department of Food Engineering, College of Animal Science and Food Engineering; University of São Paulo; R. Duque de Caxias Norte 225 Pirassununga SP Brazil
| | - Josiane Gonçalves Borges
- Department of Food Engineering, College of Animal Science and Food Engineering; University of São Paulo; R. Duque de Caxias Norte 225 Pirassununga SP Brazil
| | - Mônica Roberta Mazalli
- Department of Food Engineering, College of Animal Science and Food Engineering; University of São Paulo; R. Duque de Caxias Norte 225 Pirassununga SP Brazil
| | - Judite das Graças Lapa-Guimarães
- Department of Food Engineering, College of Animal Science and Food Engineering; University of São Paulo; R. Duque de Caxias Norte 225 Pirassununga SP Brazil
| | - Fernanda Maria Vanin
- Department of Food Engineering, College of Animal Science and Food Engineering; University of São Paulo; R. Duque de Caxias Norte 225 Pirassununga SP Brazil
| | - Rosemary Aparecida de Carvalho
- Department of Food Engineering, College of Animal Science and Food Engineering; University of São Paulo; R. Duque de Caxias Norte 225 Pirassununga SP Brazil
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26
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Susewind J, de Souza Carvalho-Wodarz C, Repnik U, Collnot EM, Schneider-Daum N, Griffiths GW, Lehr CM. A 3D co-culture of three human cell lines to model the inflamed intestinal mucosa for safety testing of nanomaterials. Nanotoxicology 2015; 10:53-62. [PMID: 25738417 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2015.1008065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Oral exposure to nanomaterials is a current concern, asking for innovative biological test systems to assess their safety, especially also in conditions of inflammatory disorders. Aim of this study was to develop a 3D intestinal model, consisting of Caco-2 cells and two human immune cell lines, suitable to assess nanomaterial toxicity, in either healthy or diseased conditions. Human macrophages (THP-1) and human dendritic cells (MUTZ-3) were embedded in a collagen scaffold and seeded on the apical side of transwell inserts. Caco-2 cells were seeded on top of this layer, forming a 3D model of the intestinal mucosa. Toxicity of engineered nanoparticles (NM101 TiO2, NM300 Ag, Au) was evaluated in non-inflamed and inflamed co-cultures, and also compared to non-inflamed Caco-2 monocultures. Inflammation was elicited by IL-1β, and interactions with engineered NPs were addressed by different endpoints. The 3D co-culture showed well preserved ultrastructure and significant barrier properties. Ag NPs were found to be more toxic than TiO2 or Au NPs. But once inflamed with IL-1β, the co-cultures released higher amounts of IL-8 compared to Caco-2 monocultures. However, the cytotoxicity of Ag NPs was higher in Caco-2 monocultures than in 3D co-cultures. The naturally higher IL-8 production in the co-cultures was enhanced even further by the Ag NPs. This study shows that it is possible to mimic inflamed conditions in a 3D co-culture model of the intestinal mucosa. The fact that it is based on three easily available human cell lines makes this model valuable to study the safety of nanomaterials in the context of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Susewind
- a Department of Drug Delivery , Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) , Saarbrücken , Germany
| | - Cristiane de Souza Carvalho-Wodarz
- a Department of Drug Delivery , Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) , Saarbrücken , Germany
| | - Urska Repnik
- c Department of Biosciences , University of Oslo , Blindernveien , Oslo , Norway
| | - Eva-Maria Collnot
- a Department of Drug Delivery , Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) , Saarbrücken , Germany .,b Department of Pharmacy , Biopharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University , Saarbrücken , Germany , and
| | - Nicole Schneider-Daum
- a Department of Drug Delivery , Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) , Saarbrücken , Germany
| | - Gareth Wyn Griffiths
- c Department of Biosciences , University of Oslo , Blindernveien , Oslo , Norway
| | - Claus-Michael Lehr
- a Department of Drug Delivery , Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) , Saarbrücken , Germany .,b Department of Pharmacy , Biopharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University , Saarbrücken , Germany , and
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Liao S, Liang Y, Zhang Z, Li J, Wang J, Wang X, Dou G, Zhang Z, Liu K. In vitro metabolic stability of exendin-4: pharmacokinetics and identification of cleavage products. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116805. [PMID: 25723538 PMCID: PMC4344207 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the metabolic stability and cleavage sites of exendin-4 in rat tissue homogenates, as well as to identify the types of proteases involved in exendin-4 degradation. The stability of exendin-4 in kidney and liver homogenates from rats was evaluated using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) with gradient elution. Furthermore, we used a combination of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and LC-ESI-MS/MS to identify the structures of the major degradation products of exendin-4, and peptidase inhibitors were used to characterize exendin-4 degradation in rat liver and kidney homogenates and to identify the proteases involved in exendin-4 metabolism. Exendin-4 had a half-life of 7.8 and 100.9 min in the kidney and liver homogenate, respectively. The enzymes most likely to be involved in the degradation of exendin-4 were aminopeptidases, serineproteases, and metalloproteases. Exendin-4(15-39) and exendin-4(16-39) were the predominant direct exendin-4 metabolites in the kidney, and the main product of exendin-4 metabolism in the liver was exendin-4(12-39). Our results indicated that the metabolism of exendin-4 involved an initial endoproteolytic cleavage and subsequent exoproteolytic digestion. The degradation of exendin-4 in the kidney and liver homogenates followed distinct patterns, and the primary cleavage sites of exendin-4 degradation in rat kidney homogenates were located after AA-14, and -15, whereas those in rat liver homogenates were located after AA-11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Liao
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, PR China
| | - Yuanjun Liang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, PR China
| | - Jinglai Li
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, PR China
| | - Juan Wang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, PR China
| | - Guifang Dou
- Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, PR China
| | - Zhenqing Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, PR China
- * E-mail: (KLL); (ZQZ)
| | - Keliang Liu
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, PR China
- * E-mail: (KLL); (ZQZ)
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Shen C, Meng Q, Zhang G. Design of 3D printed insert for hanging culture of Caco-2 cells. Biofabrication 2014; 7:015003. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/7/1/015003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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29
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Smart AL, Gaisford S, Basit AW. Oral peptide and protein delivery: intestinal obstacles and commercial prospects. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2014; 11:1323-35. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2014.917077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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30
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Deng X, Zhang G, Shen C, Yin J, Meng Q. Hollow fiber culture accelerates differentiation of Caco-2 cells. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:6943-55. [PMID: 23689647 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-4975-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Caco-2 cells usually require 21 days of culture for developing sufficient differentiation in traditional two-dimensional Transwell culture, deviating far away from the quick differentiation of enterocytes in vivo. The recently proposed three-dimensional cultures of Caco-2 cells, though imitating the villi/crypt-like microstructure of intestinal epithelium, showed no effect on accelerating the differentiation of Caco-2 cells. In this study, a novel culture of Caco-2 cells on hollow fiber bioreactor was applied to morphologically mimic the human small intestine lumen for accelerating the expression of intestine functions. The porous hollow fibers of polyethersulfone (PES), a suitable membrane material for Caco-2 cell culture, successfully promoted cells to form confluent monolayer on the inner surface. The differentiated functions of Caco-2 cells, represented by alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyltransferase, and P-glycoprotein activity, were greatly higher in a 10-day hollow fiber culture than in a 21-day Transwell culture. Moreover, the Caco-2 cells on PES hollow fibers expressed higher F-actin and zonula occludens-1 protein than those on Transwell culture, indicative of an increased mechanical stress in Caco-2 cells on PES hollow fibers. The accelerated differentiation of Caco-2 cells on PES hollow fibers was unassociated with membrane chemical composition and surface roughness, but could be stimulated by hollow fiber configuration, since PES flat membranes with either rough or smooth surface failed to enhance the differentiation of Caco-2. Therefore, the accelerated expression of Caco-2 cell function on hollow fiber culture might show great values in simulation of the tissue microenvironment in vivo and guide the construction of intestinal tissue engineering apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Deng
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, People's Republic of China
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31
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Iacomino G, Fierro O, D'Auria S, Picariello G, Ferranti P, Liguori C, Addeo F, Mamone G. Structural analysis and Caco-2 cell permeability of the celiac-toxic A-gliadin peptide 31-55. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:1088-1096. [PMID: 23298305 DOI: 10.1021/jf3045523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Celiac disease is a chronic enteropathy caused by the ingestion of wheat gliadin and other cereal prolamines. The synthetic peptides 31-43 (P31-43) and 31-49 (P31-49) from A-gliadin are considered to be model peptides for studying innate immunity in celiac disease. Our previous study demonstrated that P31-43 and P31-49 are encrypted within peptide 31-55 (P31-55), which is naturally released from gastropancreatic digestion and is not susceptible to hydrolysis by brush border membrane enzymes. Here, we analyzed the permeability of P31-55 through the epithelial cell layer of confluent Caco-2 cells using high-performance liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Twenty-three percent of the P31-55 added to the apical chamber was transported to the basolateral chamber after 4 h of incubation without being degraded by hydrolysis. Treatment of Caco-2 cells with whole gliadin digests extracted from a common wheat cultivar increased the epithelial P31-55 translocation by approximately 35%. Moreover, we observed an atypical chromatographic profile consisting of a double peak. Chromatography using different column temperatures and circular dichroism highlighted the presence of more conformational structures around the amide bond of the two adjacent prolines 38 and 39. These findings confirm that P31-55 is gastrointestinally resistant and is permeable across a Caco-2 monolayer. Moreover, we hypothesize that the various conformations of P31-55 may play a role in the activation of innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Iacomino
- Istituto di Scienze dell'Alimentazione, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Avellino, Italy
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32
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Transport across Caco-2 monolayers of peptides arising from in vitro digestion of bovine milk proteins. Food Chem 2013; 139:203-12. [PMID: 23561097 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.01.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 01/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The entire panel of peptides produced from caseins (CN) and whey proteins (WP) that survive in vitro sequential gastro-pancreatic digestion and translocate across monolayers of Caco-2 cells, used as a model of the intestinal epithelium, has been characterised by HPLC and mass spectrometry. Among the milk-derived bioactive peptides, only minor amounts of mono-phosphorylated peptides arising from αs1- and β-CN were detected. The absorption behaviour of two resistant β-lactoglobulin (β-Lg) domains, β-Lg 125-135 and β-Lg 40-60, was studied in detail using synthetic peptides. The IgE-binding properties of the digests recovered from the apical and basolateral monolayer compartments were evaluated by dot-blot, using the sera of milk allergic children (N=5). Outcomes indicated β-Lg 127-135 as a possible "immune sensitising factor"in vivo. The almost complete loss of the IgE-affinity of CN and WP after digestion points out the need to design in vivo experiments to track the metabolic fate of dietary proteins.
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Tsume Y, Amidon GL. Selection of suitable prodrug candidates for in vivo studies via in vitro studies; the correlation of prodrug stability in between cell culture homogenates and human tissue homogenates. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2013; 15:433-46. [PMID: 22974791 DOI: 10.18433/j36k6z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the correlations/discrepancies of drug stabilities between in the homogenates of human culture cells and of human tissues. METHODS Amino acid/dipeptide monoester prodrugs of floxuridine were chosen as the model drugs. The stabilities (half-lives) of floxuridine prodrugs in human tissues (pancreas, liver, and small intestine) homogenates were obtained and compared with ones in cell culture homogenates (AcPC-1, Capan-2, and Caco-2 cells) as well as human liver microsomes. The correlations of prodrug stability in human small bowel tissue homogenate vs. Caco-2 cell homogenate, human liver tissue homogenate vs. human liver microsomes, and human pancreatic tissue homogenate vs. pancreatic cell, AsPC-1 and Capan-2, homogenates were examined. RESULTS The stabilities of floxuridine prodrugs in human small bowel homogenate exhibited the great correlation to ones in Caco-2 cell homogenate (slope = 1.0-1.3, r2 = 0.79-0.98). The stability of those prodrugs in human pancreas tissue homogenate also exhibited the good correlations to ones in AsPC-1 and Capan-2 cells homogenates (slope = 0.5-0.8, r2 = 0.58-0.79). However, the correlations of prodrug stabilities between in human liver tissue homogenates and in human liver microsomes were weaker than others (slope = 1.3-1.9, r2 = 0.07-0.24). CONCLUSIONS The correlations of drug stabilities in cultured cell homogenates and in human tissue homogenates were compared. Those results exhibited wide range of correlations between in cell homogenate and in human tissue homogenate (r2 = 0.07 - 0.98). Those in vitro studies in cell homogenates would be good tools to predict drug stabilities in vivo and to select drug candidates for further developments. In the series of experiments, 5'-O-D-valyl-floxuridine and 5'-O-L-phenylalanyl-L-tyrosyl-floxuridine would be selected as candidates of oral drug targeting delivery for cancer chemotherapy due to their relatively good stabilities compared to other tested prodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Tsume
- College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1065, USA
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Larregieu CA, Benet LZ. Drug discovery and regulatory considerations for improving in silico and in vitro predictions that use Caco-2 as a surrogate for human intestinal permeability measurements. AAPS JOURNAL 2013; 15:483-97. [PMID: 23344793 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-013-9456-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing need for highly accurate in silico and in vitro predictive models to facilitate drug discovery and development. Results from in vitro permeation studies across the Caco-2 cell monolayer are commonly used for drug permeability screening in industry and are also accepted as a surrogate for human intestinal permeability measurements by the US FDA to support new drug applications. Countless studies carried out in this cell line with published permeability measurements have enabled the development of many in silico prediction models. We identify several common cases that illustrate how using Caco-2 permeability measurements in these in silico and in vitro predictive models will not correlate with human intestinal permeability and will further lead to inaccuracies in these models. We provide guidelines and recommendations for improving these models to more accurately predict clinically relevant information, thereby enhancing the drug discovery, development, and regulatory approval processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A Larregieu
- Department of Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of California San Francisco, 533 Parnassus Avenue, Room U-68, San Francisco, CA 94143-0912, USA
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Hintzen F, Laffleur F, Sarti F, Müller C, Bernkop-Schnürch A. In vitro and ex vivo evaluation of an intestinal permeation enhancing self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS). J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(13)50039-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Capraro J, Clemente A, Rubio LA, Magni C, Scarafoni A, Duranti M. Assessment of the lupin seed glucose-lowering protein intestinal absorption by using in vitro and ex vivo models. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.10.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ovadia O, Greenberg S, Chatterjee J, Laufer B, Opperer F, Kessler H, Gilon C, Hoffman A. The effect of multiple N-methylation on intestinal permeability of cyclic hexapeptides. Mol Pharm 2011; 8:479-87. [PMID: 21375270 DOI: 10.1021/mp1003306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in peptide synthesis simplified the synthesis of multiple N-methylation of peptides. To evaluate how multiple N-methylation affects the bioavailability of peptides, a poly alanine cyclic hexapeptide library (n = 54), varying in the number of N-methyl (N-Me) groups (1-5 groups) and their position, was synthesized. The peptides were evaluated for their intestinal permeability in vitro using the Caco-2 model. Further evaluation of the transport route of chosen analogues was performed using rat excised viable intestinal tissue, a novel colorimetric liposomal model and the parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA). While most members were found to have poor permeability (permeability coefficient, P(app) < 1 x 10⁻⁶ cm/s, lower than mannitol, the marker for paracellular permeability), 10 analogues were found to have high Caco-2 permeability, (P(app) > 1 x 10⁻⁵ cm/s, similar to testosterone, a marker of transcellular permeability). No correlation was found between the number of N-methylated groups and the enhanced permeability. However, 9/10 permeable peptides in the Caco-2 model included an N-Me placed adjacently to the D-Ala position. While the exact transport route was not fully characterized, the data suggests a facilitated diffusion. It can be concluded that multiple N-methylation of peptides may improve intestinal permeability, and therefore can be utilized in the design of orally available peptide-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oded Ovadia
- The Institute of Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
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Flaten GE, Kottra G, Stensen W, Isaksen G, Karstad R, Svendsen JS, Daniel H, Svenson J. In Vitro Characterization of Human Peptide Transporter hPEPT1 Interactions and Passive Permeation Studies of Short Cationic Antimicrobial Peptides. J Med Chem 2011; 54:2422-32. [DOI: 10.1021/jm1015704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gøril Eide Flaten
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Tromsø, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Gabor Kottra
- Molecular Nutrition Unit, Technical University of Munich, D-85350 Freising, Germany
| | | | - Geir Isaksen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway
- The Norwegian Structural Biology Centre and The Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, University of Tromsø, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Rasmus Karstad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - John S. Svendsen
- Lytix Biopharma AS, N-9294 Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Hannelore Daniel
- Molecular Nutrition Unit, Technical University of Munich, D-85350 Freising, Germany
| | - Johan Svenson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway
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Liao S, Qie JK, Xue M, Zhang ZQ, Liu KL, Ruan JX. Metabolic stability of human parathyroid hormone peptide hPTH (1–34) in rat tissue homogenates: kinetics and products of proteolytic degradation. Amino Acids 2009; 38:1595-605. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-009-0376-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2009] [Accepted: 10/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kowapradit J, Opanasopit P, Ngawhiranpat T, Apirakaramwong A, Rojanarata T, Ruktanonchai U, Sajomsang W. Methylated N-(4-N,N-dimethylaminobenzyl) chitosan, a novel chitosan derivative, enhances paracellular permeability across intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2). AAPS PharmSciTech 2008; 9:1143-52. [PMID: 19009354 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-008-9160-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2008] [Accepted: 10/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of methylated N-(4-N,N-dimethylaminobenzyl) chitosan, TM-Bz-CS, on the paracellular permeability of Caco-2 cell monolayers and its toxicity towards the cell lines. The factors affecting epithelial permeability, e.g., degree of quaternization (DQ) and extent of dimethylaminobenzyl substitution (ES), were evaluated in intestinal cell monolayers of Caco-2 cells using the transepithelial electrical resistance and permeability of Caco-2 cell monolayers, with fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran 4,400 (FD-4) as a model compound for paracellular tight-junction transport. Cytotoxicity was evaluated with the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide viability assay. The results revealed that, at pH 7.4, TM-Bz-CS appeared to increase cell permeability in a concentration-dependent manner, and this effect was relatively reversible at lower doses of 0.05-0.5 mM. Higher DQ and the ES caused the permeability of FD-4 to be higher. The cytotoxicity of TM-Bz-CS depended on concentration, %DQ, and %ES. These studies demonstrated that this novel modified chitosan has potential as an absorption enhancer.
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