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Fidalgo da Silva E, Abu Khatir B, Drouillard C, Hinch I, Davis GO, Sameem M, Patel R, Fong J, Lubanska D, Porter LA. Tuberin levels during cellular differentiation in brain development. Differentiation 2023; 130:43-50. [PMID: 36608575 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Tuberin is a member of a large protein complex, Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC), and acts as a sensor for nutrient status regulating protein synthesis and cell cycle progression. Mutations in the Tuberin gene, TSC2, permits the formation of tumors that can lead to developmental defects in many organ systems, including the central nervous system. Tuberin is expressed in the brain throughout development and levels of Tuberin have been found to decrease during neuronal differentiation in cell lines in vitro. Our current work investigates the levels of Tuberin at two stages of embryonic development in vivo, and we study the mRNA and protein levels during a time course using immortalized cell lines in vitro. Our results show that total Tuberin levels are tightly regulated through developmental stages in the embryonic brain. At a cell biology level, we show that Tuberin levels are higher when cells are cultured as neurospheres, and knockdown of Tuberin results in a reduction in the number of neurospheres. This functional data supports the hypothesis that Tuberin is an important regulator of stemness and the reduction of Tuberin levels might support functional differentiation in the central nervous system. Understanding how Tuberin expression is regulated throughout neural development is essential to fully comprehend the role of this protein in several developmental and neural pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Fidalgo da Silva
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave. Windsor, Ontario, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Bashaer Abu Khatir
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave. Windsor, Ontario, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Christopher Drouillard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave. Windsor, Ontario, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Isabelle Hinch
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave. Windsor, Ontario, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Gordon Omar Davis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave. Windsor, Ontario, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Mariam Sameem
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave. Windsor, Ontario, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Rutu Patel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave. Windsor, Ontario, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Jackie Fong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave. Windsor, Ontario, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Dorota Lubanska
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave. Windsor, Ontario, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Lisa A Porter
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave. Windsor, Ontario, N9B 3P4, Canada.
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Seto-Tetsuo F, Arioka M, Miura K, Inoue T, Igawa K, Tomooka K, Takahashi-Yanaga F, Sasaguri T. DIF-1 inhibits growth and metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer through AMPK-mediated inhibition of the mTORC1-S6K signaling pathway. Oncogene 2021; 40:5579-5589. [PMID: 34304250 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01958-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We have previously reported that the differentiation-inducing factor-1 (DIF-1), a compound identified in Dictyostelium discoideum, suppresses the growth of MCF-7 breast cancer cells by inactivating p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K). Therefore, we first examined whether the same mechanism operates in other breast cancer cells, especially triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), the most aggressive and refractory phenotype of breast cancer. We also investigated the mechanism by which DIF-1 suppresses p70S6K by focusing on the AMPK-mTORC1 system. We found that DIF-1 induces phosphorylation of AMPK and Raptor and dephosphorylation of p70S6K in multiple TNBC cell lines. Next, we examined whether AMPK-mediated inhibition of p70S6K leads to the suppression of proliferation and migration/infiltration of TNBC cells. DIF-1 significantly reduced the expression levels of cyclin D1 by suppressing the translation of STAT3 and strongly suppressed the expression levels of Snail, which led to the suppression of growth and motility, respectively. Finally, we investigated whether DIF-1 exerts anticancer effects on TNBC in vivo. Intragastric administration of DIF-1 suppressed tumor growth and spontaneous lung metastasis of 4T1-Luc cells injected into the mammary fat pad of BALB/c mice. DIF-1 is expected to lead to the development of anticancer drugs, including anti-TNBC, by a novel mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumi Seto-Tetsuo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masaki Arioka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Koichi Miura
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takeru Inoue
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Igawa
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Tomooka
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Japan
| | - Fumi Takahashi-Yanaga
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sasaguri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Emanuele Liardo RL, Borzì AM, Spatola C, Martino B, Privitera G, Basile F, Biondi A, Vacante M. Effects of infections on the pathogenesis of cancer. Indian J Med Res 2021; 153:431-445. [PMID: 34380789 PMCID: PMC8354054 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_339_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown an inverse relationship between acute infections and cancer development. On the other hand, there is a growing evidence that chronic infections may contribute significantly to the carcinogenesis. Factors responsible for increased susceptibility to infections may include modifications of normal defence mechanisms or impairment of host immunity due to altered immune function, genetic polymorphisms, ageing and malnourishment. Studies have demonstrated that children exposed to febrile infectious diseases show a subsequent reduced risk for ovarian cancer, melanoma and many other cancers, while common acute infections in adults are associated with reduced risks for melanoma, glioma, meningioma and multiple cancers. Chronic inflammation associated with certain infectious diseases has been suggested as a cause for the development of tumours. Mechanisms of carcinogenesis due to infections include cell proliferation and DNA replication by mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, production of toxins that affect the cell cycle and lead to abnormal cell growth and inhibition of apoptosis. This review was aimed to summarize the available evidence on acute infections as a means of cancer prevention and on the role of chronic infections in the development and progression of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Luca Emanuele Liardo
- Radiodiagnostic & Oncological Radiotherapy Unit, University of Catania, ‘Policlinico G. Rodolico – San Marco’ Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Maria Borzì
- Department of General Surgery & Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, ‘Policlinico G. Rodolico – San Marco‘ Catania, Italy
| | - Corrado Spatola
- Radiodiagnostic & Oncological Radiotherapy Unit, University of Catania, ‘Policlinico G. Rodolico – San Marco’ Catania, Italy
| | - Barbara Martino
- Department of General Surgery & Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, ‘Policlinico G. Rodolico – San Marco‘ Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Privitera
- Radiodiagnostic & Oncological Radiotherapy Unit, University of Catania, ‘Policlinico G. Rodolico – San Marco’ Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Basile
- Department of General Surgery & Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, ‘Policlinico G. Rodolico – San Marco‘ Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Biondi
- Department of General Surgery & Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, ‘Policlinico G. Rodolico – San Marco‘ Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Vacante
- Department of General Surgery & Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, ‘Policlinico G. Rodolico – San Marco‘ Catania, Italy
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Figueiredo VC, Markworth JF, Cameron-Smith D. Considerations on mTOR regulation at serine 2448: implications for muscle metabolism studies. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:2537-2545. [PMID: 28220207 PMCID: PMC11107628 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2481-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex exerts a pivotal role in protein anabolism and cell growth. Despite its importance, few studies adequately address the complexity of phosphorylation of the mTOR protein itself to enable conclusions to be drawn on the extent of kinase activation following this event. In particular, a large number of studies in the skeletal muscle biology field have measured Serine 2448 (Ser2448) phosphorylation as a proxy of mTOR kinase activity. However, the evidence to be described is that Ser2448 is not a measure of mTOR kinase activity nor is a target of AKT activity and instead has inhibitory effects on the kinase that is targeted by the downstream effector p70S6K in a negative feedback loop mechanism, which is evident when revisiting muscle research studies. It is proposed that this residue modification acts as a fine-tuning mechanism that has been gained during vertebrate evolution. In conclusion, it is recommended that Ser2448 is an inadequate measure and that preferential analysis of mTORC1 activation should focus on the downstream and effector proteins, including p70S6K and 4E-BP1, along mTOR protein partners that bind to mTOR protein to form the active complexes 1 and 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandré Casagrande Figueiredo
- The Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - James F Markworth
- The Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - David Cameron-Smith
- The Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand.
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Tan W, Gu Z, Shen B, Jiang J, Meng Y, Da Z, Liu H, Tao T, Cheng C. PTEN/Akt-p27kip1Signaling Promote the BM-MSCs Senescence and Apoptosis in SLE Patients. J Cell Biochem 2015; 116:1583-94. [PMID: 25649549 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tan
- Department of Rheumatology; Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University; Nantong 226001 China
- Department of Emergency; The Yangzhou First People's Hospital; Yangzhou 225001 China
| | - Zhifeng Gu
- Department of Rheumatology; Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University; Nantong 226001 China
| | - Biyu Shen
- Department of Rheumatology; Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University; Nantong 226001 China
| | - Jinxia Jiang
- Department of Rheumatology; Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University; Nantong 226001 China
| | - Yan Meng
- Department of Rheumatology; Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University; Nantong 226001 China
| | - Zhanyun Da
- Department of Rheumatology; Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University; Nantong 226001 China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Immunology; Medical College; Nantong University; Nantong 226001 China
| | - Tao Tao
- Department of Immunology; Medical College; Nantong University; Nantong 226001 China
| | - Chun Cheng
- Department of Immunology; Medical College; Nantong University; Nantong 226001 China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target; Medical College; Nantong University; Nantong 226001 China
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Abstract
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), a multisystem disease affecting almost exclusively women, is characterized by cystic lung destruction and presents with dyspnea, recurrent pneumothoraxes, chylous effusions, lymphangioleiomyomas, and angiomyolipomas. It is caused by the proliferation of a cancer-like LAM cell that possesses a mutation in either the tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)1 or TSC2 genes. This article reviews current therapies and new potential treatments that are currently undergoing investigation. The major development in the treatment of LAM is the discovery of two mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors, sirolimus and everolimus, as effective drugs. However, inhibition of mTOR increases autophagy, which may lead to enhanced LAM cell survival. Use of autophagy inhibitors, for example, hydroxychloroquine, in combination with sirolimus is now the subject of an ongoing drug trial (SAIL trial). Another consequence of mTOR inhibition by sirolimus is an increase in Rho activity, resulting in reduced programmed cell death. From these data, the concept evolved that a combination of sirolimus with disruption of Rho activity with statins (e.g. simvastatin) may increase TSC-null cell death and reduce LAM cell survival. A combined trial of sirolimus with simvastatin is under investigation (SOS trial). Since LAM occurs primarily in women and TSC-null cell survival and tumor growth is promoted by estrogens, the inhibition of aromatase to block estrogen synthesis is currently undergoing study (TRAIL trial). Other targets, for example, estrogen receptors, mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors, vascular endothelial growth factor-D signaling pathway, and Src kinase, are also being studied in experimental model systems. As in the case of cancer, combination therapy may become the treatment of choice for LAM.
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Tian J, Wang Y, Liu X, Zhou X, Li R. Rapamycin ameliorates IgA nephropathy via cell cycle-dependent mechanisms. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 240:936-45. [PMID: 25349217 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214555666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
IgA nephropathy is the most frequent type of glomerulonephritis worldwide. The role of cell cycle regulation in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy has been studied. The present study was designed to explore whether rapamycin ameliorates IgA nephropathy via cell cycle-dependent mechanisms. After establishing an IgA nephropathy model, rats were randomly divided into four groups. Coomassie Brilliant Blue was used to measure the 24-h urinary protein levels. Renal function was determined using an autoanalyzer. Proliferation was assayed via Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) immunohistochemistry. Rat mesangial cells were cultured and divided into the six groups. Methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and flow cytometry were used to detect cell proliferation and the cell cycle phase. Western blotting was performed to determine cyclin E, cyclin-dependent kinase 2, p27(Kip1), p70S6K/p-p70S6K, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2/p- extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 protein expression. A low dose of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor rapamycin prevented an additional increase in proteinuria, protected kidney function, and reduced IgA deposition in a model of IgA nephropathy. Rapamycin inhibited mesangial cell proliferation and arrested the cell cycle in the G1 phase. Rapamycin did not affect the expression of cyclin E and cyclin-dependent kinase 2. However, rapamycin upregulated p27(Kip1) at least in part via AKT (also known as protein kinase B)/mTOR. In conclusion, rapamycin can affect cell cycle regulation to inhibit mesangial cell proliferation, thereby reduce IgA deposition, and slow the progression of IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihua Tian
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030012, China Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Xinyan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030012, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030012, China
| | - Rongshan Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030012, China
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Dressler AC, Hudelist G, Fink-Retter A, Gschwantler-Kaulich D, Pfeiler G, Rosner M, Hengstschläger M, Singer CF. Tuberin and p27 expression in breast cancer patients with or without BRCA germline mutations. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2013; 139:1349-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-013-1443-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), a multisystem disease predominantly affecting premenopausal women, is associated with cystic lung destruction and lymphatic and kidney tumors. LAM results from the proliferation of a neoplastic cell that has mutations in the tuberous sclerosis complex 1 or 2 genes, leading to activation of a critical regulatory protein, mammalian target of rapamycin. In this report, we discuss the molecular mechanisms regulating LAM cell growth and report the results of therapeutic trials employing new targeted agents. At present, inhibitors of mammalian target of rapamycin such as sirolimus appear to be the most promising therapeutic agents, although drug toxicity and development of resistance are potential problems. As the pathogenesis of LAM is being further recognized, other therapeutic agents such as matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors, statins, interferon, VEGF inhibitors, chloroquine analogs and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, along with sirolimus or a combination of several of these agents, may offer the best hope for effective therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo M Taveira-DaSilva
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, Bldg. 10, Rm. 6D05, MSC 1590, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-1590, USA
| | - Joel Moss
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, Bldg. 10, Rm. 6D05, MSC 1590, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-1590, USA
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Abstract
LAM is a rare lung disease, found primarily in women of childbearing age, characterized by cystic lung destruction and abdominal tumors (e.g., renal angiomyolipoma, lymphangioleiomyoma). The disease results from proliferation of a neoplastic cell, termed the LAM cell, which has mutations in either of the tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) 1 or TSC2 genes. Molecular phenotyping of LAM patients resulted in the identification of therapeutic targets for drug trials. Loss of TSC gene function leads to activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and thereby, effects on cell size and number. The involvement of mTOR in LAM pathogenesis is the basis for initiation of therapeutic trials of mTOR inhibitors (e.g., sirolimus). Occurrence of LAM essentially entirely in women is consistent with the hypothesis that anti-estrogen agents might prevent disease progression (e.g., gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues). Levels of urinary matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were elevated in LAM patients, and MMPs were found in LAM lung nodules. In part because of these observations, effects of doxycycline, an anti-MMP, and anti-angiogenic agent, are under investigation. The metastatic properties of LAM cells offer additional potential for targets. Thus, insights into the molecular and biological properties of LAM cells and molecular phenotyping of patients with LAM have led to clinical trials of targeted therapies. Funded by the Intramural Research Program, NIH/NHLBI.
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Terzis G, Spengos K, Mascher H, Georgiadis G, Manta P, Blomstrand E. The degree of p70 S6k and S6 phosphorylation in human skeletal muscle in response to resistance exercise depends on the training volume. Eur J Appl Physiol 2010; 110:835-43. [PMID: 20617335 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-010-1527-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Regular performance of resistance exercise induces an increase in skeletal muscle mass, however, the molecular mechanisms underlying this effect are not yet fully understood. The purpose of the present investigation was to examine acute changes in molecular signalling in response to resistance exercise involving different training volumes. Eight untrained male subjects carried out one, three and five sets of 6 repetition maximum (RM) in leg press exercise in a random order. Muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis both prior to and 30 min after each training session and the effect on protein signalling was studied. Phosphorylation of Akt was not altered significantly after any of the training protocols, whereas that of the mammalian target of rapamycin was enhanced to a similar extent by training at all three volumes. The phosphorylation of p70S6 kinase (p70(S6k)) was elevated threefold after 3 × 6 RM and sixfold after 5 × 6 RM, while the phosphorylation of S6 was increased 30- and 55-fold following the 3 × 6 RM and 5 × 6 RM exercises, respectively. Moreover, the level of the phosphorylated form of the gamma isoform of p38 MAPK was enhanced three to fourfold following each of the three protocols, whereas phosphorylation of ERK1/2 was unchanged 30 min following exercise. These findings indicate that when exercise is performed in a fasted state, the increase in phosphorylation of signalling molecules such as p70(S6k) and the S6 ribosomal protein in human muscle depends on the exercise volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerasimos Terzis
- Athletics Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Athens, Ethnikis Antistassis 41, 172 37, Daphne, Athens, Greece.
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Evidence for cell cycle-dependent, rapamycin-resistant phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 at S240/244. Amino Acids 2010; 39:1487-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-010-0615-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2010] [Accepted: 04/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Taveira-DaSilva AM, Steagall WK, Moss J. Therapeutic options for lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM): where we are and where we are going. F1000 MEDICINE REPORTS 2009; 1:93. [PMID: 20948684 PMCID: PMC2948329 DOI: 10.3410/m1-93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), a multisystem disease affecting predominantly premenopausal and middle-aged women, causes progressive respiratory failure due to cystic lung destruction and is associated with lymphatic and kidney tumors. In the past, the treatment of LAM comprised exclusively anti-estrogen and related hormonal therapies. These treatments, however, have not been proven effective. In this article, we discuss new findings regarding the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of LAM cell growth, which may offer opportunities to develop effective and targeted therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo M Taveira-DaSilva
- Translational Medicine BranchBuilding 10, Room 6D05, MSC 1590National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892-1590USA
| | - Wendy K Steagall
- Translational Medicine BranchBuilding 10, Room 6D05, MSC 1590National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892-1590USA
| | - Joel Moss
- Translational Medicine BranchBuilding 10, Room 6D05, MSC 1590National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892-1590USA
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