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Su Y, Liu L, Ma H, Yuan Y, Zhang D, Lu X. Metabolomic Analysis of the Effect of Freezing on Leaves of Malus sieversii (Ledeb.) M.Roem. Histoculture Seedlings. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:310. [PMID: 38203481 PMCID: PMC10778857 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Malus sieversii (Ledeb.) M.Roem. is the ancestor of cultivated apples, and is an excellent germplasm resource with high resistance to cold. Artificial refrigerators were used to simulate the low temperature of -3 °C to treat Malus sieversii (Ledeb.) M.Roem. histoculture seedlings. Observations were performed to find the effects of freezing stress on the status of open or closed stomata, photosystems, and detection of metabolomic products in leaves of Malus sieversii (Ledeb.) M.Roem. histoculture seedlings. The percentage of closed stomata in the Malus sieversii (Ledeb.) M.Roem. histoculture seedlings increased, the maximum fluorescence (Fm') excited by a strong light (saturating pulse) was weakened relative to the real-time fluorescence in its vicinity, and the quantum yield of unregulated energy dissipation was increased in PSII under freezing stress. The metabolites in the leaves of the Malus sieversii (Ledeb. M.Roem.) histoculture seedlings were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry using CK, T12h, T36 h, and HF24h. Results demonstrated that cold stress in the Malus sieversii (Ledeb.) M.Roem. histoculture seedlings led to wilting, leaf stomatal closure, and photosystem damage. There were 1020 metabolites identified as lipids (10.2%), nucleotides and their derivatives (5.2%), phenolic acids (19.12%), flavonoids (24.51%), amino acids and their derivatives (7.75%), alkaloids (5.39%), terpenoids (8.24%), lignans (3.04%), organic acids (5.88%), and tannins (0.88%). There were 110 differential metabolites at CKvsT12h, 113 differential metabolites at CKvsT36h, 87 differential metabolites at T12hvsT36h, 128 differential metabolites at CKvsHF24h, 121 differential metabolites at T12hvsHF24h, and 152 differential metabolites at T36hvsHF24h. The differential metabolites in the leaves of the Malus sieversii (Ledeb.) M.Roem. seedlings grown under low-temperature stress mainly involved glycolysis, amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, purine metabolism, and secondary metabolite metabolism. The Malus sieversii (Ledeb.) M.Roem. seedlings responded to the freezing stress by coordinating with each other through these metabolic pathways. The metabolic network of the leaves of the Malus sieversii (Ledeb.) M.Roem. histoculture seedlings under low temperature stress was also proposed based on the above pathways to deepen understanding of the response of metabolites of Malus sieversii (Ledeb.) M.Roem. to low-temperature stress and to lay a theoretical foundation for the development and utilization of Malus sieversii (Ledeb.) M.Roem. cultivation resources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiaoyan Lu
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Agricultural College of Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (Y.S.); (L.L.); (H.M.); (Y.Y.); (D.Z.)
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Atta K, Mondal S, Gorai S, Singh AP, Kumari A, Ghosh T, Roy A, Hembram S, Gaikwad DJ, Mondal S, Bhattacharya S, Jha UC, Jespersen D. Impacts of salinity stress on crop plants: improving salt tolerance through genetic and molecular dissection. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1241736. [PMID: 37780527 PMCID: PMC10540871 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1241736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Improper use of water resources in irrigation that contain a significant amount of salts, faulty agronomic practices such as improper fertilization, climate change etc. are gradually increasing soil salinity of arable lands across the globe. It is one of the major abiotic factors that inhibits overall plant growth through ionic imbalance, osmotic stress, oxidative stress, and reduced nutrient uptake. Plants have evolved with several adaptation strategies at morphological and molecular levels to withstand salinity stress. Among various approaches, harnessing the crop genetic variability across different genepools and developing salinity tolerant crop plants offer the most sustainable way of salt stress mitigation. Some important major genetic determinants controlling salinity tolerance have been uncovered using classical genetic approaches. However, its complex inheritance pattern makes breeding for salinity tolerance challenging. Subsequently, advances in sequence based breeding approaches and functional genomics have greatly assisted in underpinning novel genetic variants controlling salinity tolerance in plants at the whole genome level. This current review aims to shed light on physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses under salt stress, defense mechanisms of plants, underlying genetics of salt tolerance through bi-parental QTL mapping and Genome Wide Association Studies, and implication of Genomic Selection to breed salt tolerant lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kousik Atta
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Saptarshi Mondal
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, United States
| | - Shouvik Gorai
- Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Aditya Pratap Singh
- Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, West Bengal, India
- School of Agriculture, GIET University, Gunupur, Rayagada, Odisha, India
| | - Amrita Kumari
- Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Tuhina Ghosh
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Arkaprava Roy
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- ICAR- National Institute of Biotic Stress Management, Raipur, India
| | - Suryakant Hembram
- WBAS (Research), Government of West Bengal, Field Crop Research Station, Burdwan, India
| | | | - Subhasis Mondal
- Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, West Bengal, India
| | | | | | - David Jespersen
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, United States
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Sun Y, Lu Y, Xi H, Geng B, Shi H, Zhao N, Guo Z. Transcriptomic analysis revealed the candidate metabolic pathways and genes associated with cold tolerance in a mutant without anthocyanin accumulation in common vetch (Vicia sativa L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 200:107770. [PMID: 37216823 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) is a leguminous crop used to feed livestock with vegetative organs or fertilize soils by returning to the field. Survival of fall-seeded plants is often affected by freezing damage during overwintering. This study aims to investigate the transcriptomic profiling in response to cold in a mutant with reduced accumulation of anthocyanins under normal growth and low-temperature conditions for understanding the underlying mechanisms. The mutant had increased cold a tolerance with higher survival rate and biomass during overwintering compared to the wild type, which led to increased forage production. Transcriptomic analysis in combination with qRT-PCR and physiological measurements revealed that reduced anthocyanins accumulation in the mutant resulted from reduced expression of serial genes involving in anthocyanin biosynthesis, which led to the altered metabolism, with an increased accumulation of free amino acids and polyamines. The higher levels of free amino acids and proline in the mutant under low temperature were associated with improved cold tolerance. The altered expression of some genes involved in ABA and GA signaling was also associated with increased cold tolerance in the mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Sun
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Yiwen Lu
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Haojie Xi
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Bohao Geng
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Haifan Shi
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Na Zhao
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Zhenfei Guo
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Yeo HJ, Park CH, Kim JK, Sathasivam R, Jeong JC, Kim CY, Park SU. Effects of Chilling Treatment on Baicalin, Baicalein, and Wogonin Biosynthesis in Scutellaria baicalensis Plantlets. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11212958. [PMID: 36365410 PMCID: PMC9655760 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
When plants are exposed to stressful conditions, they modulate their nutrient balance by regulating their primary and secondary metabolisms to adapt. In this study, changes in primary and secondary metabolites elicited by chilling stress treatment and the effects of treatment duration were examined in roots of Scutellaria baicalensis (S. baicalensis) plantlets. The concentrations of most sugars (maltose, glucose, sucrose, and fructose) and of several amino acids (proline and GABA), which are crucial regarding plant defense mechanisms, increased with increasing duration of chilling stress. Furthermore, salicylic acid levels increased after two-day chilling treatments, which may enhance plant tolerance to cold temperatures. The concentrations of flavones (baicalin, baicalein, and wogonin) increased during chilling stress, and those of phenolic acids (ferulic acid and sinapic acid) increased after two-day chilling treatments. The concentrations of these flavones were positively correlated with sucrose levels which acted as energy sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Ji Yeo
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup 56212, Korea
| | - Chang Ha Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Keimyung University, Dalgubeol-daero 1095, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Korea
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences and Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Korea
| | - Ramaraj Sathasivam
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jae Cheol Jeong
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup 56212, Korea
| | - Cha Young Kim
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup 56212, Korea
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea
- Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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Ebeed HT. Genome-wide analysis of polyamine biosynthesis genes in wheat reveals gene expression specificity and involvement of STRE and MYB-elements in regulating polyamines under drought. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:734. [PMID: 36309637 PMCID: PMC9618216 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08946-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Polyamines (PAs) are considered promising biostimulants that have diverse key roles during growth and stress responses in plants. Nevertheless, the molecular basis of these roles by PAs has not been completely realized even now, and unfortunately, the transcriptional analyses of the biosynthesis pathway in various wheat tissues have not been investigated under normal or stress conditions. In this research, the findings of genome-wide analyses of genes implicated in the PAs biosynthesis in wheat (ADC, Arginine decarboxylase; ODC, ornithine decarboxylase; AIH, agmatine iminohydrolase; NPL1, Nitrlase like protein 1; SAMDC, S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase; SPDS, spermidine synthase; SPMS, spermine synthase and ACL5, thermospermine synthase) are shown. Results In total, thirty PAs biosynthesis genes were identified. Analysis of gene structure, subcellular compartmentation and promoters were discussed. Furthermore, experimental gene expression analyses in roots, shoot axis, leaves, and spike tissues were investigated in adult wheat plants under control and drought conditions. Results revealed structural similarity within each gene family and revealed the identity of two new motifs that were conserved in SPDS, SPMS and ACL5. Analysis of the promoter elements revealed the incidence of conserved elements (STRE, CAAT-box, TATA-box, and MYB TF) in all promoters and highly conserved CREs in >80% of promoters (G-Box, ABRE, TGACG-motif, CGTCA-motif, as1, and MYC). The results of the quantification of PAs revealed higher levels of putrescine (Put) in the leaves and higher spermidine (Spd) in the other tissues. However, no spermine (Spm) was detected in the roots. Drought stress elevated Put level in the roots and the Spm in the leaves, shoots and roots, while decreased Put in spikes and elevated the total PAs levels in all tissues. Interestingly, PA biosynthesis genes showed tissue-specificity and some homoeologs of the same gene family showed differential gene expression during wheat development. Additionally, gene expression analysis showed that ODC is the Put biosynthesis path under drought stress in roots. Conclusion The information gained by this research offers important insights into the transcriptional regulation of PA biosynthesis in wheat that would result in more successful and consistent plant production. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08946-2.
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Xuhui L, Weiwei C, Siqi L, Junteng F, Hang Z, Xiangbo Z, Yongwen Q. Full-length transcriptome analysis of maize root tips reveals the molecular mechanism of cold stress during the seedling stage. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:398. [PMID: 35963989 PMCID: PMC9375949 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03787-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As maize originated in tropical or subtropical zones, most maize germplasm is extremely sensitive to low temperatures during the seedling stage. Clarifying the molecular mechanism of cold acclimation would facilitate the breeding of cold tolerant maize varieties, which is one of the major sustainability factors for crop production. To meet this goal, we investigated two maize inbred lines with contrasting levels of cold tolerance at the seedling stage (IL85, a cold tolerant line; B73, a cold sensitive line), and performed full-length transcriptome sequencing on the root tips of seedlings before and after 24 h of cold treatment. RESULTS We identified 152,263 transcripts, including 20,993 novel transcripts, and determined per-transcript expression levels. A total of 1,475 transcripts were specifically up-regulated in the cold tolerant line IL85 under cold stress. GO enrichment analysis revealed that 25 transcripts were involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolic processes and 15 transcripts were related to the response to heat. Eight genes showed specific differential alternative splicing (DAS) in IL85 under cold stress, and were mainly involved in amine metabolism. A total of 1,111 lncRNAs were further identified, 62 of which were up-regulated in IL85 or B73 under cold stress, and their corresponding target genes were enriched in protein phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS These results provide new insights into the molecular mechanism of cold acclimation during the seedling stage in maize, and will facilitate the development of cultivars with improved cold stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xuhui
- Institute of Nanfan & Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510316, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Chen Weiwei
- Institute of Nanfan & Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510316, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Lu Siqi
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510325, Guangdong, China
| | - Fang Junteng
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510325, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhu Hang
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Zhang Xiangbo
- Institute of Nanfan & Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510316, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi Yongwen
- Institute of Nanfan & Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510316, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510325, Guangdong, China.
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Li M, Duan X, Gao G, Liu T, Qi H. Running title: ABA pathway meets CBF pathway at CmADC. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac002. [PMID: 35147169 PMCID: PMC9016860 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Low temperatures severely restrict melon-seedling growth. However, the mechanisms by which melon adapts to cold stress are poorly understood. Arginine decarboxylase (ADC), a key synthetase, catalyzes putrescine biosynthesis in plants. In this study, we found that CmADC functions as a positive regulator of melon-seedling cold tolerance. In addition, two transcription factors, abscisic acid-responsive element (ABRE)-binding factor 1 (CmABF1) and C-repeat binding factor 4 (CmCBF4), directly target CmADC to trigger its expression. Consistently, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of CmABF1 or CmCBF4 downregulated CmADC abundance, decreased putrescine accumulation and reduced cold tolerance. Furthermore, some other CBF and ABF members, at least in part, have functional redundancy and complementarity with CmABF1 and CmCBF4. Overall, our work reveals that the ABA, CBF and polyamine pathways may form a regulatory network to co-participate in plant cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Northern Horticultural, Facilities Design and Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoyu Duan
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Northern Horticultural, Facilities Design and Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Ge Gao
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Northern Horticultural, Facilities Design and Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Tao Liu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Northern Horticultural, Facilities Design and Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Hongyan Qi
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Northern Horticultural, Facilities Design and Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
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Li H, Tang X, Yang X, Zhang H. Comprehensive transcriptome and metabolome profiling reveal metabolic mechanisms of Nitraria sibirica Pall. to salt stress. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12878. [PMID: 34145354 PMCID: PMC8213879 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92317-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitraria sibirica Pall., a typical halophyte that can survive under extreme drought conditions and in saline-alkali environments, exhibits strong salt tolerance and environmental adaptability. Understanding the mechanism of molecular and physiological metabolic response to salt stress of plant will better promote the cultivation and use of halophytes. To explore the mechanism of molecular and physiological metabolic of N. sibirica response to salt stress, two-month-old seedlings were treated with 0, 100, and 400 mM NaCl. The results showed that the differentially expressed genes between 100 and 400 mmol L-1 NaCl and unsalted treatment showed significant enrichment in GO terms such as binding, cell wall, extemal encapsulating structure, extracellular region and nucleotide binding. KEGG enrichment analysis found that NaCl treatment had a significant effect on the metabolic pathways in N. sibirica leaves, which mainly including plant-pathogen interaction, amino acid metabolism of the beta alanine, arginine, proline and glycine metabolism, carbon metabolism of glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, galactose, starch and sucrose metabolism, plant hormone signal transduction and spliceosome. Metabolomics analysis found that the differential metabolites between the unsalted treatment and the NaCl treatment are mainly amino acids (proline, aspartic acid, methionine, etc.), organic acids (oxaloacetic acid, fumaric acid, nicotinic acid, etc.) and polyhydric alcohols (inositol, ribitol, etc.), etc. KEGG annotation and enrichment analysis showed that 100 mmol L-1 NaCl treatment had a greater effect on the sulfur metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism in N. sibirica leaves, while various amino acid metabolism, TCA cycle, photosynthetic carbon fixation and sulfur metabolism and other metabolic pathways have been significantly affected by 400 mmol L-1 NaCl treatment. Correlation analysis of differential genes in transcriptome and differential metabolites in metabolome have found that the genes of AMY2, BAM1, GPAT3, ASP1, CML38 and RPL4 and the metabolites of L-cysteine, proline, 4-aminobutyric acid and oxaloacetate played an important role in N. sibirica salt tolerance control. This is a further improvement of the salt tolerance mechanism of N. sibirica, and it will provide a theoretical basis and technical support for treatment of saline-alkali soil and the cultivation of halophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanyong Li
- grid.464465.10000 0001 0103 2256Research Institute of Pomology of Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoqian Tang
- grid.216566.00000 0001 2104 9346Research Center of Saline and Alkali Land of National of Forestry and Grassland Administration, CAF, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuyan Yang
- grid.216566.00000 0001 2104 9346Research Center of Saline and Alkali Land of National of Forestry and Grassland Administration, CAF, Beijing, China
| | - Huaxin Zhang
- grid.216566.00000 0001 2104 9346Research Center of Saline and Alkali Land of National of Forestry and Grassland Administration, CAF, Beijing, China
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Weyant RB, Kabbani D, Doucette K, Lau C, Cervera C. Pneumocystis jirovecii: a review with a focus on prevention and treatment. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2021; 22:1579-1592. [PMID: 33870843 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2021.1915989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Pneumocystis jirovecii (PJ) is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that can cause severe pneumonia in immunocompromised hosts. Risk factors for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) include HIV, organ transplant, malignancy, certain inflammatory or rheumatologic conditions, and associated therapies and conditions that result in cell-mediated immune deficiency. Clinical signs of PJP are nonspecific and definitive diagnosis requires direct detection of the organism in lower respiratory secretions or tissue. First-line therapy for prophylaxis and treatment remains trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), though intolerance or allergy, and rarely treatment failure, may necessitate alternate therapeutics, such as dapsone, pentamidine, atovaquone, clindamycin, primaquine and most recently, echinocandins as adjunctive therapy. In people living with HIV (PLWH), adjunctive corticosteroid use in treatment has shown a mortality benefit.Areas covered: This review article covers the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, microbiology, prophylaxis indications, prophylactic therapies, and treatments.Expert opinion: TMP-SMX has been first-line therapy for treating and preventing pneumocystis for decades. However, its adverse effects are not uncommon, particularly during treatment. Second-line therapies may be better tolerated, but often sacrifice efficacy. Echinocandins show some promise for new combination therapies; however, further studies are needed to define optimal antimicrobial therapy for PJP as well as the role of corticosteroids in those without HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Benson Weyant
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dima Kabbani
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Karen Doucette
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Cecilia Lau
- Department of Pharmacy, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carlos Cervera
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Goyal V, Jhanghel D, Mehrotra S. Emerging warriors against salinity in plants: Nitric oxide and hydrogen sulphide. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 171:896-908. [PMID: 33665834 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The agriculture sector is vulnerable to various environmental stresses, which significantly affect plant growth, performance, and development. Abiotic stresses, such as salinity and drought, cause severe losses in crop productivity worldwide. Soil salinity is a major stress suppressing plant development through osmotic stress accompanied by ion toxicity, nutritional imbalance, and oxidative stress. Various defense mechanisms like osmolytes accumulations, activation of stress-induced genes, and transcription factors, production of plant growth hormones, accumulation of antioxidants, and redox defense system in plants are responsible for combating salt stress. Nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulphide (H2 S) have emerged as novel bioactive gaseous signaling molecules that positively impact seed germination, homeostasis, plant metabolism, growth, and development, and are involved in several plant acclimation responses to impart stress tolerance in plants. NO and H2 S trigger cell signaling by activating a cascade of biochemical events that result in plant tolerance to environmental stresses. NO- and H2 S-mediated signaling networks, interactions, and crosstalks facilitate stress tolerance in plants. Research on the roles and mechanisms of NO and H2 S as challengers of salinity is entering an exponential exploration era. The present review focuses on the current knowledge of the mechanisms of stress tolerance in plants and the role of NO and H2 S in adaptive plant responses to salt stress and provides an overview of the signaling mechanisms and interplay of NO and H2 S in the regulation of growth and development as well as modulation of defense responses in plants and their long term priming effects for imparting salinity tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Goyal
- Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Dharmendra Jhanghel
- Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Shweta Mehrotra
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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Li H, Li S, Wang Z, Liu S, Zhou R, Li X. Abscisic acid-mimicking ligand AMF4 induced cold tolerance in wheat by altering the activities of key carbohydrate metabolism enzymes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 157:284-290. [PMID: 33157420 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
AMF4, a recently synthetic ABA-mimicking ligand, has been reported to have long-lasting effects in inducing the expression of stress-responsive genes, hence conferring abiotic tolerance in plants. To test the effect of AMF4 on cold tolerance induction, the wheat plants were firstly foliar sprayed with AMF4 (10 μM), then the AMF4 treated and the control plants were exposed to a 24-h low temperature treatment (2/0 °C). Under low temperature stress, the AMF plants possessed significantly higher relative water content, membrane stability index and ATP concentration in leaf, while lower leaf H2O2 concentration, compared with the control plants. The AMF4 treatment significantly increased the activities of APX, Ca2+-ATPase in the chloroplasts, while decreased SOD activity under low temperature, in relation to the control plants. In addition, the AMF plants showed significantly higher activities of key carbohydrate metabolism enzymes, such as UDP-glucose pyrophorylase, hexokinase, fructokinase, ADP-Glucose pyrophosphorylase, phosphoglucomutase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and phosphoglucoisomerase, in relation to the control plants under low temperature. These results demonstrate that AMF4 could be used to induce cold tolerance in wheat, and provide novel insights into the potential ways to enhance abiotic stress tolerance using the synthetic ABA-mimicking ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Li
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Shuxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China; Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Zongshuai Wang
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Shengqun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Xiangnan Li
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China.
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12
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Palaniyandi K, Jun W. Low temperature enhanced the podophyllotoxin accumulation vis-a-vis its biosynthetic pathway gene(s) expression in Dysosma versipellis (Hance) M. Cheng – A pharmaceutically important medicinal plant. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Killiny N, Nehela Y. Citrus Polyamines: Structure, Biosynthesis, and Physiological Functions. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9040426. [PMID: 32244406 PMCID: PMC7238152 DOI: 10.3390/plants9040426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines (PAs) are ubiquitous biogenic amines found in all living organisms from bacteria to Archaea, and Eukaryotes including plants and animals. Since the first description of putrescine conjugate, feruloyl-putrescine (originally called subaphylline), from grapefruit leaves and juice, many research studies have highlighted the importance of PAs in growth, development, and other physiological processes in citrus plants. PAs appear to be involved in a wide range of physiological processes in citrus plants; however, their exact roles are not fully understood. Accordingly, in the present review, we discuss the biosynthesis of PAs in citrus plants, with an emphasis on the recent advances in identifying and characterizing PAs-biosynthetic genes and other upstream regulatory genes involved in transcriptional regulation of PAs metabolism. In addition, we will discuss the recent metabolic, genetic, and molecular evidence illustrating the roles of PAs metabolism in citrus physiology including somatic embryogenesis; root system formation, morphology, and architecture; plant growth and shoot system architecture; inflorescence, flowering, and flowering-associated events; fruit set, development, and quality; stomatal closure and gas-exchange; and chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthesis. We believe that the molecular and biochemical understanding of PAs metabolism and their physiological roles in citrus plants will help citrus breeding programs to enhance tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses and provide bases for further research into potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Killiny
- Citrus Research and Education Center and Department of Plant Pathology, IFAS, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-863-956-8833
| | - Yasser Nehela
- Citrus Research and Education Center and Department of Plant Pathology, IFAS, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA;
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
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Li M, Sui N, Lin L, Yang Z, Zhang Y. Transcriptomic profiling revealed genes involved in response to cold stress in maize. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2019; 46:830-844. [PMID: 31217070 DOI: 10.1071/fp19065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Maize is an important food crop. Chilling stress can decrease maize production by affecting seed germination and seedling growth, especially in early spring. We analysed chlorophyll fluorescence, membrane lipids, secondary metabolites and the transcriptome of two maize inbred lines (chilling-tolerant M54 and chilling-sensitive 753F) after 0, 4 and 24 h cold stress. M54 showed better ability to protect PSII and accumulate secondary metabolites. From RNA sequencing data, we determined that the majority of cold-affected genes were involved in photosynthesis, secondary metabolism, and signal transduction. Genes important for maintaining photosystem structure and for regulating electron transport were less affected by cold stress in M54 than in 753F. Expression of genes related to secondary metabolism and unsaturated fatty acid synthesis were upregulated more strongly in M54 than in 753F and M54 accumulated more unsaturated fatty acids and secondary metabolites. As a result, M54 achieved relatively high cold tolerance by protecting the photosystems and maintaining the stability of cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China; and Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Na Sui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Water Research Institute of Shandong Province, No. 125 Lishan Road, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering, School of Biologic Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, China; and Corresponding authors. ;
| | - Yuanhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China; and Corresponding authors. ;
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Saia S, Fragasso M, De Vita P, Beleggia R. Metabolomics Provides Valuable Insight for the Study of Durum Wheat: A Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:3069-3085. [PMID: 30829031 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b07097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics is increasingly being applied in various fields offering a highly informative tool for high-throughput diagnostics. However, in plant sciences, metabolomics is underused, even though plant studies are relatively easy and cheap when compared to those on humans and animals. Despite their importance for human nutrition, cereals, and especially wheat, remain understudied from a metabolomics point of view. The metabolomics of durum wheat has been essentially neglected, although its genetic structure allows the inference of common mechanisms that can be extended to other wheat and cereal species. This review covers the present achievements in durum wheat metabolomics highlighting the connections with the metabolomics of other cereal species (especially bread wheat). We discuss the metabolomics data from various studies and their relationships to other "-omics" sciences, in terms of wheat genetics, abiotic and biotic stresses, beneficial microbes, and the characterization and use of durum wheat as feed, food, and food ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Saia
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA) , Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI) , S.S. 673 , Km 25,200, 71122 Foggia , Italy
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA) , Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI) , S.S. 11 per Torino , Km 2,5, 13100 Vercelli , Italy
| | - Mariagiovanna Fragasso
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA) , Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI) , S.S. 673 , Km 25,200, 71122 Foggia , Italy
| | - Pasquale De Vita
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA) , Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI) , S.S. 673 , Km 25,200, 71122 Foggia , Italy
| | - Romina Beleggia
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA) , Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI) , S.S. 673 , Km 25,200, 71122 Foggia , Italy
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16
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Interaction of polyamines, abscisic acid and proline under osmotic stress in the leaves of wheat plants. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12839. [PMID: 30150658 PMCID: PMC6110863 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31297-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The exact relationship between polyamine, abscisic acid and proline metabolisms is still poorly understood. In the present study, the effects of putrescine and abscisic acid treatments alone or in combination with polyethylene glycol-induced osmotic stress were investigated in young wheat plants. It was observed that abscisic acid plays a role in the coordinated regulation of the proline and polyamine biosynthetic pathways, which compounds are related to each other through a common precursor. Abscisic acid pre-treatment induced similar alteration of polyamine contents as the osmotic stress, namely increased the putrescine, but decreased the spermidine contents in the leaves. These changes were mainly related to the polyamine cycle, as both the synthesis and peroxisomal oxidation of polyamines have been induced at gene expression level. Although abscisic acid and osmotic stress influenced the proline metabolism differently, the highest proline accumulation was observed in the case of abscisic acid treatments. The proline metabolism was partly regulated independently and not in an antagonistic manner from polyamine synthesis. Results suggest that the connection, which exists between polyamine metabolism and abscisic acid signalling leads to the controlled regulation and maintenance of polyamine and proline levels under osmotic stress conditions in wheat seedlings.
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Abhinandan K, Skori L, Stanic M, Hickerson NMN, Jamshed M, Samuel MA. Abiotic Stress Signaling in Wheat - An Inclusive Overview of Hormonal Interactions During Abiotic Stress Responses in Wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:734. [PMID: 29942321 PMCID: PMC6004395 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Rapid global warming directly impacts agricultural productivity and poses a major challenge to the present-day agriculture. Recent climate change models predict severe losses in crop production worldwide due to the changing environment, and in wheat, this can be as large as 42 Mt/°C rise in temperature. Although wheat occupies the largest total harvested area (38.8%) among the cereals including rice and maize, its total productivity remains the lowest. The major production losses in wheat are caused more by abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, and high temperature than by biotic insults. Thus, understanding the effects of these stresses becomes indispensable for wheat improvement programs which have depended mainly on the genetic variations present in the wheat genome through conventional breeding. Notably, recent biotechnological breakthroughs in the understanding of gene functions and access to whole genome sequences have opened new avenues for crop improvement. Despite the availability of such resources in wheat, progress is still limited to the understanding of the stress signaling mechanisms using model plants such as Arabidopsis, rice and Brachypodium and not directly using wheat as the model organism. This review presents an inclusive overview of the phenotypic and physiological changes in wheat due to various abiotic stresses followed by the current state of knowledge on the identified mechanisms of perception and signal transduction in wheat. Specifically, this review provides an in-depth analysis of different hormonal interactions and signaling observed during abiotic stress signaling in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marcus A. Samuel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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18
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Tajti J, Janda T, Majláth I, Szalai G, Pál M. Comparative study on the effects of putrescine and spermidine pre-treatment on cadmium stress in wheat. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 148:546-554. [PMID: 29127816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.10.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In several cases a correlation was found between polyamines and abiotic stress tolerance. However, the individual polyamines may have different effects, which also vary depending on the type of treatment. When applied as seed soaking or added hydroponically 0.5mM putrescine and spermidine, different changes were induced during 50µM cadmium stress in wheat plants. Seed-soaked plants were exposed to cadmium immediately after germination for 5 days, while plants pre-treated with polyamines hydroponically were stressed at age of 14 days for 7 days. Putrescine pre-treatment was beneficial both as seed soaking and applied hydroponically, while spermidine only had a protective effect in the case of seed soaking, enhancing the Cd-induced oxidative stress when were pre-treated hydroponically. The differences observed were related to the polyamine metabolism. The accumulation of endogenous putrescine beyond a certain amount may be in relation with the negative effect of hydroponic spermidine pre-treatment during Cd stress. The increased putrescine content was also correlated with the highest accumulation of Cd, salicylic acid and proline contents in plants treated with a combination of spermidine and Cd. However, the expression level of the gene encoding phytochelatin synthase was only influenced by hydroponically applied spermidine, which decreased it under cadmium stress. Changes in the activities of antioxidant enzymes, diamine and polyamine oxidases were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Tajti
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, POB 19, H-2462 Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Tibor Janda
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, POB 19, H-2462 Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Imre Majláth
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, POB 19, H-2462 Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Szalai
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, POB 19, H-2462 Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Magda Pál
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, POB 19, H-2462 Martonvásár, Hungary.
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19
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Huang W, Ma HY, Huang Y, Li Y, Wang GL, Jiang Q, Wang F, Xiong AS. Comparative proteomic analysis provides novel insights into chlorophyll biosynthesis in celery under temperature stress. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2017; 161:468-485. [PMID: 28767140 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll (Chl) is essential for light harvesting and energy transduction in photosynthesis. A proper amount of Chl within plant cells is important to celery (Apium graveolens) yield and quality. Temperature stress is an influential abiotic stress affecting Chl biosynthesis and plant growth. There are limited proteomic studies regarding Chl accumulation under temperature stress in celery leaves. Here, the proteins from celery leaves under different temperature treatments (4, 25 and 38°C) were analyzed using a proteomic approach. There were 71 proteins identified through MALDI-TOF-TOF analysis. The relative abundance of proteins involved in carbohydrate and energy metabolism, protein metabolism, amino acid metabolism, antioxidant and polyamine biosynthesis were enhanced under cold stress. These temperature stress-responsive proteins may establish a new homeostasis to enhance temperature tolerance. Magnesium chelatase (Mg-chelatase) and glutamate-1-semialdehyde aminotransferase (GSAT), related to Chl biosynthesis, showed increased abundances under cold stress. Meanwhile, the Chl contents were decreased in heat- and cold-stressed celery leaves. The inhibition of Chl biosynthesis may be due to the downregulated mRNA levels of 15 genes involved in Chl biosynthesis. The study will expand our knowledge on Chl biosynthesis and the temperature tolerance mechanisms in celery leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hong-Yu Ma
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Guang-Long Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ai-Sheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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Luo J, Liu M, Zhang C, Zhang P, Chen J, Guo Z, Lu S. Transgenic Centipedegrass ( Eremochloa ophiuroides [Munro] Hack.) Overexpressing S-Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase (SAMDC) Gene for Improved Cold Tolerance Through Involvement of H 2O 2 and NO Signaling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1655. [PMID: 29018465 PMCID: PMC5614975 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Centipedegrass (Eremochloa ophiuroides [Munro] Hack.) is an important warm-season turfgrass species. Transgenic centipedgrass plants overexpressing S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase from bermudagrass (CdSAMDC1) that was induced in response to cold were generated in this study. Higher levels of CdSAMDC1 transcript and sperimidine (Spd) and spermin (Spm) concentrations and enhanced freezing and chilling tolerance were observed in transgenic plants as compared with the wild type (WT). Transgenic plants had higher levels of polyamine oxidase (PAO) activity and H2O2 than WT, which were blocked by pretreatment with methylglyoxal bis (guanylhydrazone) or MGBG, inhibitor of SAMDC, indicating that the increased PAO and H2O2 were a result of expression of CdSAMDC1. In addition, transgenic plants had higher levels of nitrate reductase (NR) activity and nitric oxide (NO) concentration. The increased NR activity were blocked by pretreatment with MGBG and ascorbic acid (AsA), scavenger of H2O2, while the increased NO level was blocked by MGBG, AsA, and inhibitors of NR, indicating that the enhanced NR-derived NO was dependent upon H2O2, as a result of expression CdSAMDC1. Elevated superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were observed in transgenic plants than in WT, which were blocked by pretreatment with MGBG, AsA, inhibitors of NR and scavenger of NO, indicating that the increased activities of SOD and CAT depends on expression of CdSAMDC1, H2O2, and NR-derived NO. Our results suggest that the elevated cold tolerance was associated with PAO catalyzed production of H2O2, which in turn led to NR-derived NO production and induced antioxidant enzyme activities in transgenic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhao Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Grassland Science, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Mingxi Liu
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha, China
| | - Chendong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Grassland Science, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Grassland Science, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Grassland Science, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Zhenfei Guo
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Shaoyun Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Grassland Science, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
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Gulyás Z, Simon-Sarkadi L, Badics E, Novák A, Mednyánszky Z, Szalai G, Galiba G, Kocsy G. Redox regulation of free amino acid levels in Arabidopsis thaliana. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2017; 159:264-276. [PMID: 27605256 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses induce oxidative stress, which modifies the level of several metabolites including amino acids. The redox control of free amino acid profile was monitored in wild-type and ascorbate or glutathione deficient mutant Arabidopsis thaliana plants before and after hydroponic treatment with various redox agents. Both mutations and treatments modified the size and redox state of the ascorbate (AsA) and/or glutathione (GSH) pools. The total free amino acid content was increased by AsA, GSH and H2 O2 in all three genotypes and a very large (threefold) increase was observed in the GSH-deficient pad2-1 mutant after GSH treatment compared with the untreated wild-type plants. Addition of GSH reduced the ratio of amino acids belonging to the glutamate family on a large scale and increased the relative amount of non-proteinogenic amino acids. The latter change was because of the large increase in the content of alpha-aminoadipate, an inhibitor of glutamatic acid (Glu) transport. Most of the treatments increased the proline (Pro) content, which effect was due to the activation of genes involved in Pro synthesis. Although all studied redox compounds influenced the amount of free amino acids and a mostly positive, very close (r > 0.9) correlation exists between these parameters, a special regulatory role of GSH could be presumed due to its more powerful effect. This may originate from the thiol/disulphide conversion or (de)glutathionylation of enzymes participating in the amino acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Gulyás
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Martonvásár, H-2462, Hungary
| | - Livia Simon-Sarkadi
- Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Szent István University, Budapest, H-1118, Hungary
| | - Eszter Badics
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Martonvásár, H-2462, Hungary
| | - Aliz Novák
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Martonvásár, H-2462, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Mednyánszky
- Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Szent István University, Budapest, H-1118, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Szalai
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Martonvásár, H-2462, Hungary
| | - Gábor Galiba
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Martonvásár, H-2462, Hungary
- Festetics Doctoral School, Georgikon Faculty, University of Pannonia, Keszthely, H-8360, Hungary
| | - Gábor Kocsy
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Martonvásár, H-2462, Hungary
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22
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Huang Y, Lin C, He F, Li Z, Guan Y, Hu Q, Hu J. Exogenous spermidine improves seed germination of sweet corn via involvement in phytohormone interactions, H 2O 2 and relevant gene expression. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 17:1. [PMID: 28049439 PMCID: PMC5209872 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0951-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The low seed vigor and poor field emergence are main factors that restricting the extension of sweet corn in China. Spermidine (Spd) plays an important role in plant growth and development, but little is known about the effect of Spd on sweet corn seed germination. Therefore the effect of exogenous Spd on seed germination and physiological and biochemical changes during seed imbibition of Xiantian No.5 were investigated in this study. RESULTS Spd soaking treatment not only improved seed germination percentage but also significantly enhanced seed vigor which was indicated by higher germination index, vigor index, shoot heights and dry weights of shoot and root compared with the control; while exogenous CHA, the biosynthesis inhibitor of Spd, significantly inhibited seed germination and declined seed vigor. Spd application significantly increased endogenous Spd, gibberellins and ethylene contents and simultaneously reduced ABA concentration in embryos during seed imbibition. In addition, the effects of exogenous Spd on H2O2 and MDA productions were also analyzed. Enhanced H2O2 concentration was observed in Spd-treated seed embryo, while no significant difference of MDA level in seed embryo was observed between Spd treatment and control. However, the lower H2O2 and significantly higher MDA contents than control were detected in CHA-treated seed embryos. CONCLUSIONS The results suggested that Spd contributing to fast seed germination and high seed vigor of sweet corn might be closely related with the metabolism of hormones including gibberellins, ABA and ethylene, and with the increase of H2O2 in the radical produced partly from Spd oxidation. In addition, Spd might play an important role in cell membrane integrity maintaining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Huang
- Seed Science Center, Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Cheng Lin
- Seed Science Center, Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Fei He
- Seed Science Center, Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Zhan Li
- Seed Science Center, Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Yajing Guan
- Seed Science Center, Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Qijuan Hu
- Seed Science Center, Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Jin Hu
- Seed Science Center, Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 China
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John R, Anjum NA, Sopory SK, Akram NA, Ashraf M. Some key physiological and molecular processes of cold acclimation. BIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2016; 60:603-618. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/s10535-016-0648-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
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Liu W, Wang H, Chen Y, Zhu S, Chen M, Lan X, Chen G, Liao Z. Cold stress improves the production of artemisinin depending on the increase in endogenous jasmonate. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2016; 64:305-314. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wanhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Ministry of Education) College of Bioengineering; Chongqing University; Chongqing People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education); SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre; School of Life Sciences; Southwest University; Chongqing People's Republic of China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Chongqing University of Science and Technology; Chongqing People's Republic of China
| | - Huanyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education); SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre; School of Life Sciences; Southwest University; Chongqing People's Republic of China
| | - Yupei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education); SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre; School of Life Sciences; Southwest University; Chongqing People's Republic of China
| | - Shunqin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education); SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre; School of Life Sciences; Southwest University; Chongqing People's Republic of China
| | - Min Chen
- SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Southwest University; Chongqing People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaozhong Lan
- TAAHC-SWU Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre; Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College; Tibet University; Nyingchi of Tibe People's Republic of China
| | - Guoping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Ministry of Education) College of Bioengineering; Chongqing University; Chongqing People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihua Liao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education); SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre; School of Life Sciences; Southwest University; Chongqing People's Republic of China
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Glutathione Transferases Superfamily: Cold-Inducible Expression of Distinct GST Genes in Brassica oleracea. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081211. [PMID: 27472324 PMCID: PMC5000609 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants, as sessile organisms, can suffer serious growth and developmental consequences under cold stress conditions. Glutathione transferases (GSTs, EC 2.5.1.18) are ubiquitous and multifunctional conjugating proteins, which play a major role in stress responses by preventing oxidative damage by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Currently, understanding of their function(s) during different biochemical and signaling pathways under cold stress condition remain unclear. In this study, using combined computational strategy, we identified 65 Brassica oleracea glutathione transferases (BoGST) and characterized them based on evolutionary analysis into 11 classes. Inter-species and intra-species duplication was evident between BoGSTs and Arabidopsis GSTs. Based on localization analyses, we propose possible pathways in which GST genes are involved during cold stress. Further, expression analysis of the predicted putative functions for GST genes were investigated in two cold contrasting genotypes (cold tolerance and susceptible) under cold condition, most of these genes were highly expressed at 6 h and 1 h in the cold tolerant (CT) and cold susceptible (CS) lines, respectively. Overall, BoGSTU19, BoGSTU24, BoGSTF10 are candidate genes highly expressed in B. oleracea. Further investigation of GST superfamily in B. oleracea will aid in understanding complex mechanism underlying cold tolerance in plants.
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Huang X, Zhou G, Yang W, Wang A, Hu Z, Lin C, Chen X. Drought-inhibited ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase activity is mediated through increased release of ethylene and changes in the ratio of polyamines in pakchoi. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 171:1392-1400. [PMID: 25046760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
To study the mechanisms of drought inhibiting photosynthesis and the role of PAs and ethylene, the photosynthetic rate (Pn), the maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), the intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), photorespiratory rate (Pr), the amount of chlorophyll (chl), antioxidant enzyme activity, ethylene levels, RuBPC (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase) activity and endogenous polyamine levels of pakchoi were examined, and an inhibitor of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC) and an inhibitor of ethylene synthesis and spermidine (Spd) were used to induce the change of endogenous polyamine levels. The results show that drought induced a decrease in Pn and RuBPC activity, an increase in the intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), but no change in the actual photochemical efficiency of PSII (ΦPSII), and chlorophyll content. In addition, drought caused an increase in the free putrescine (fPut), the ethylene levels, a decrease in the Spd and spermine (Spm) levels, and the PAs/fPut ratio in the leaves. The exogenous application of Spd and amino oxiacetic acid (AOAA, an inhibitor of ethylene synthesis) markedly reversed these drought-induced effects on polyamine, ethylene, Pn, the PAs/fPut ratio and RuBPCase activity in leaves. Methylglyoxal-bis(guanylhydrazone) (MGBG), an inhibitor of SAMDC resulting in the inability of activated cells to synthesize Spd and Spm, exacerbates the negative effects induced by drought. These results suggest that the decrease in Pn is at least partially attributed to the decrease of RuBPC activity under drought stress and that drought inhibits RuBPC activity by decreasing the ratio of PAs/fPut and increasing the release of ethylene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxue Huang
- Wuhan Institute of Vegetable Science, Wuhan 430345, China
| | - Guolin Zhou
- Wuhan Institute of Vegetable Science, Wuhan 430345, China.
| | | | - Aihua Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Vegetable Science, Wuhan 430345, China
| | - Zhenhua Hu
- Wuhan Institute of Vegetable Science, Wuhan 430345, China
| | - Chufa Lin
- Wuhan Institute of Vegetable Science, Wuhan 430345, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Wuhan Meteorologic Bureau, Wuhan 430040, China
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Ikbal FE, Hernández JA, Barba-Espín G, Koussa T, Aziz A, Faize M, Diaz-Vivancos P. Enhanced salt-induced antioxidative responses involve a contribution of polyamine biosynthesis in grapevine plants. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 171:779-88. [PMID: 24877669 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The possible involvement of polyamines in the salt stress adaptation was investigated in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) plantlets focusing on photosynthesis and oxidative metabolism. Salt stress resulted in the deterioration of plant growth and photosynthesis, and treatment of plantlets with methylglyoxal-bis(guanylhydrazone) (MGBG), a S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC) inhibitor, enhanced the salt stress effect. A decrease in PSII quantum yield (Fv/Fm), effective PSII quantum yield (Y(II)) and coefficient of photochemical quenching (qP) as well as increases in non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and its coefficient (qN) was observed by these treatments. Salt and/or MGBG treatments also triggered an increase in lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation as well as an increase of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POX) activities, but not ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity. Salt stress also resulted in an accumulation of oxidized ascorbate (DHA) and a decrease in reduced glutathione. MGBG alone or in combination with salt stress increased monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), SOD and POX activities and surprisingly no accumulation of DHA was noticed following treatment with MGBG. These salt-induced responses correlated with the maintaining of high level of free and conjugated spermidine and spermine, whereas a reduction of agmatine and putrescine levels was observed, which seemed to be amplified by the MGBG treatment. These results suggest that maintaining polyamine biosynthesis through the enhanced SAMDC activity in grapevine leaf tissues under salt stress conditions could contribute to the enhanced ROS scavenging activity and a protection of photosynthetic apparatus from oxidative damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Ezzohra Ikbal
- Laboratoire Biotechnologies Végétales, Ecologie et Valorisation des Ecosystèmes, Faculté des Sciences, Université Chouaib Doukkali, 24000 El Jadida, Morocco
| | - José Antonio Hernández
- Group of Fruit Trees Biotechnology, Dept. Plant Breeding, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, P.O. Box 164, Murcia E-30100, Spain
| | - Gregorio Barba-Espín
- Group of Fruit Trees Biotechnology, Dept. Plant Breeding, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, P.O. Box 164, Murcia E-30100, Spain
| | - Tayeb Koussa
- Laboratoire Biotechnologies Végétales, Ecologie et Valorisation des Ecosystèmes, Faculté des Sciences, Université Chouaib Doukkali, 24000 El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Aziz Aziz
- URVVC EA 4707, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, 51687 Reims Cedex 02, France
| | - Mohamed Faize
- Laboratoire Biotechnologies Végétales, Ecologie et Valorisation des Ecosystèmes, Faculté des Sciences, Université Chouaib Doukkali, 24000 El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Pedro Diaz-Vivancos
- Group of Fruit Trees Biotechnology, Dept. Plant Breeding, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, P.O. Box 164, Murcia E-30100, Spain.
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Pottosin I, Shabala S. Polyamines control of cation transport across plant membranes: implications for ion homeostasis and abiotic stress signaling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:154. [PMID: 24795739 PMCID: PMC4006063 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines are unique polycationic metabolites, controlling a variety of vital functions in plants, including growth and stress responses. Over the last two decades a bulk of data was accumulated providing explicit evidence that polyamines play an essential role in regulating plant membrane transport. The most straightforward example is a blockage of the two major vacuolar cation channels, namely slow (SV) and fast (FV) activating ones, by the micromolar concentrations of polyamines. This effect is direct and fully reversible, with a potency descending in a sequence Spm(4+) > Spd(3+) > Put(2+). On the contrary, effects of polyamines on the plasma membrane (PM) cation and K(+)-selective channels are hardly dependent on polyamine species, display a relatively low affinity, and are likely to be indirect. Polyamines also affect vacuolar and PM H(+) pumps and Ca(2+) pump of the PM. On the other hand, catabolization of polyamines generates H2O2 and other reactive oxygen species (ROS), including hydroxyl radicals. Export of polyamines to the apoplast and their oxidation there by available amine oxidases results in the induction of a novel ion conductance and confers Ca(2+) influx across the PM. This mechanism, initially established for plant responses to pathogen attack (including a hypersensitive response), has been recently shown to mediate plant responses to a variety of abiotic stresses. In this review we summarize the effects of polyamines and their catabolites on cation transport in plants and discuss the implications of these effects for ion homeostasis, signaling, and plant adaptive responses to environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Pottosin
- Biomedical Centre, Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, University of ColimaColima, Mexico
- School of Land and Food, University of TasmaniaHobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Sergey Shabala
- School of Land and Food, University of TasmaniaHobart, TAS, Australia
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Gupta B, Huang B. Mechanism of salinity tolerance in plants: physiological, biochemical, and molecular characterization. Int J Genomics 2014; 2014:701596. [PMID: 24804192 PMCID: PMC3996477 DOI: 10.1155/2014/701596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 539] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Salinity is a major abiotic stress limiting growth and productivity of plants in many areas of the world due to increasing use of poor quality of water for irrigation and soil salinization. Plant adaptation or tolerance to salinity stress involves complex physiological traits, metabolic pathways, and molecular or gene networks. A comprehensive understanding on how plants respond to salinity stress at different levels and an integrated approach of combining molecular tools with physiological and biochemical techniques are imperative for the development of salt-tolerant varieties of plants in salt-affected areas. Recent research has identified various adaptive responses to salinity stress at molecular, cellular, metabolic, and physiological levels, although mechanisms underlying salinity tolerance are far from being completely understood. This paper provides a comprehensive review of major research advances on biochemical, physiological, and molecular mechanisms regulating plant adaptation and tolerance to salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Gupta
- Department of Biological Sciences (Section Biotechnology), Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata 700073, India
| | - Bingru Huang
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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Ren J, Chen L, Sun D, You FM, Wang J, Peng Y, Nevo E, Beiles A, Sun D, Luo MC, Peng J. SNP-revealed genetic diversity in wild emmer wheat correlates with ecological factors. BMC Evol Biol 2013; 13:169. [PMID: 23937410 PMCID: PMC3751623 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-13-169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patterns of genetic diversity between and within natural plant populations and their driving forces are of great interest in evolutionary biology. However, few studies have been performed on the genetic structure and population divergence in wild emmer wheat using a large number of EST-related single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Results In the present study, twenty-five natural wild emmer wheat populations representing a wide range of ecological conditions in Israel and Turkey were used. Genetic diversity and genetic structure were investigated using over 1,000 SNP markers. A moderate level of genetic diversity was detected due to the biallelic property of SNP markers. Clustering based on Bayesian model showed that grouping pattern is related to the geographical distribution of the wild emmer wheat. However, genetic differentiation between populations was not necessarily dependent on the geographical distances. A total of 33 outlier loci under positive selection were identified using a FST-outlier method. Significant correlations between loci and ecogeographical factors were observed. Conclusions Natural selection appears to play a major role in generating adaptive structures in wild emmer wheat. SNP markers are appropriate for detecting selectively-channeled adaptive genetic diversity in natural populations of wild emmer wheat. This adaptive genetic diversity is significantly associated with ecological factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ren
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
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Hu Y, Jiang L, Wang F, Yu D. Jasmonate regulates the inducer of cbf expression-C-repeat binding factor/DRE binding factor1 cascade and freezing tolerance in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2013; 25:2907-24. [PMID: 23933884 PMCID: PMC3784588 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.113.112631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 458] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The inducer of cbf expression (ICE)-C-repeat binding factor/DRE binding factor1 (CBF/DREB1) transcriptional pathway plays a critical role in modulating cold stress responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. Dissecting crucial upstream regulatory signals or components of the ICE-CBF/DREB1 cascade will enhance our understanding of plant cold-tolerance mechanisms. Here, we show that jasmonate positively regulates plant responses to freezing stress in Arabidopsis. Exogenous application of jasmonate significantly enhanced plant freezing tolerance with or without cold acclimation. By contrast, blocking endogenous jasmonate biosynthesis and signaling rendered plants hypersensitive to freezing stress. Consistent with the positive role of jasmonate in freezing stress, production of endogenous jasmonate was triggered by cold treatment. In addition, cold induction of genes acting in the CBF/DREB1 signaling pathway was upregulated by jasmonate. Further investigation revealed that several jasmonate ZIM-domain (JAZ) proteins, the repressors of jasmonate signaling, physically interact with ICE1 and ICE2 transcription factors. JAZ1 and JAZ4 repress the transcriptional function of ICE1, thereby attenuating the expression of its regulon. Consistent with this, overexpression of JAZ1 or JAZ4 represses freezing stress responses of Arabidopsis. Taken together, our study provides evidence that jasmonate functions as a critical upstream signal of the ICE-CBF/DREB1 pathway to positively regulate Arabidopsis freezing tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Hu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liqun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Diqiu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- Address correspondence to
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Kovács Z, Simon-Sarkadi L, Vashegyi I, Kocsy G. Different accumulation of free amino acids during short- and long-term osmotic stress in wheat. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:216521. [PMID: 22919298 PMCID: PMC3415181 DOI: 10.1100/2012/216521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of wheat chromosome 5A on free amino acid accumulation induced by osmotic stress was compared in chromosome 5A substitution lines with different freezing tolerance. Treatment with 15% polyethylene glycol (PEG) resulted in greater total free amino acid content even after 3 days compared to the controls. The ratio of amino acids belonging to various amino acid families differed after 3-week treatment in the control and PEG-treated plants only in the case of the freezing-sensitive substitution line. There was a transient increase with a maximum after 3 days in the amounts of several amino acids, after which their concentrations exhibited a more gradual increase. During the first days of osmotic stress the Glu, Gln, Asp, Asn, Thr, Ser, Leu, and His concentrations were greater in the tolerant substitution line than in the sensitive one, while the opposite relationship was observed at the end of the PEG treatment. The coordinated changes in the levels of individual amino acids indicated that they are involved in both the short- and long-term responses to osmotic stress. The alterations differed in the two chromosome 5A substitution lines, depending on the stress tolerance of the chromosome donor genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zita Kovács
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, P.O. Box 91, 1521 Budapest, Hungary
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Krasensky J, Jonak C. Drought, salt, and temperature stress-induced metabolic rearrangements and regulatory networks. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2012; 63:1593-608. [PMID: 22291134 PMCID: PMC4359903 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/err460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 966] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants regularly face adverse growth conditions, such as drought, salinity, chilling, freezing, and high temperatures. These stresses can delay growth and development, reduce productivity, and, in extreme cases, cause plant death. Plant stress responses are dynamic and involve complex cross-talk between different regulatory levels, including adjustment of metabolism and gene expression for physiological and morphological adaptation. In this review, information about metabolic regulation in response to drought, extreme temperature, and salinity stress is summarized and the signalling events involved in mediating stress-induced metabolic changes are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Krasensky
- GMI–Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia Jonak
- GMI–Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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34
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Hennion F, Bouchereau A, Gauthier C, Hermant M, Vernon P, Prinzing A. Variation in amine composition in plant species: how it integrates macroevolutionary and environmental signals. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2012; 99:36-45. [PMID: 22210841 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1100211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY While plants show lineage-specific differences in metabolite composition, plant metabolites are also known to vary in response to the environment. The extent to which these different determinants of metabolite composition are mutually independent and recognizable is unknown. Moreover, the extent to which the metabolome can reconcile evolutionary constraint with the needs of the plant for rapid environmental response is unknown. We investigated these questions in plant species representing different phylogenetic lineages and growing in different subantarctic island environments. We studied their amines-metabolites involved in plant response to environmental conditions. METHODS Nine species were sampled under high salinity, water saturation, and altitude on the Kerguelen Islands. Their profiles of free aromatic, aliphatic, and acetyl-conjugated amines were determined by HPLC. We related amine composition to species and environment using generalized discriminant analyses. KEY RESULTS Amine composition differed significantly between species within the same environment, and the differences reflected phylogenetic positions. Moreover, across all species, amine metabolism differed between environments, and different lineages occupied different absolute positions in amine/environment space. Interestingly, all species had the same relative shifts in amine composition between environments. CONCLUSION Our results indicate a similar response of amine composition to abiotic environments in distantly related angiosperms, suggesting environmental flexibility of species is maintained despite major differences in amine composition among lineages. These results aid understanding of how in nature the plant metabolome integrates ecology and evolution, thus providing primordial information on adaptive mechanisms of plant metabolism to climate change.
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Ramakrishna A, Ravishankar GA. Influence of abiotic stress signals on secondary metabolites in plants. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2011; 6:1720-31. [PMID: 22041989 PMCID: PMC3329344 DOI: 10.4161/psb.6.11.17613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 850] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant secondary metabolites are unique sources for pharmaceuticals, food additives, flavors, and industrially important biochemicals. Accumulation of such metabolites often occurs in plants subjected to stresses including various elicitors or signal molecules. Secondary metabolites play a major role in the adaptation of plants to the environment and in overcoming stress conditions. Environmental factors viz. temperature, humidity, light intensity, the supply of water, minerals, and CO2 influence the growth of a plant and secondary metabolite production. Drought, high salinity, and freezing temperatures are environmental conditions that cause adverse effects on the growth of plants and the productivity of crops. Plant cell culture technologies have been effective tools for both studying and producing plant secondary metabolites under in vitro conditions and for plant improvement. This brief review summarizes the influence of different abiotic factors include salt, drought, light, heavy metals, frost etc. on secondary metabolites in plants. The focus of the present review is the influence of abiotic factors on secondary metabolite production and some of important plant pharmaceuticals. Also, we describe the results of in vitro cultures and production of some important secondary metabolites obtained in our laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akula Ramakrishna
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Constituent Laboratory of Council of Scientific and Industrial Research; Mysore, India
| | - Gokare Aswathanarayana Ravishankar
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Constituent Laboratory of Council of Scientific and Industrial Research; Mysore, India
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Kovács Z, Simon-Sarkadi L, Sovány C, Kirsch K, Galiba G, Kocsy G. Differential effects of cold acclimation and abscisic acid on free amino acid composition in wheat. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2011; 180:61-68. [PMID: 21421348 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2010.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2010] [Revised: 08/06/2010] [Accepted: 08/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The effect of cold acclimation and abscisic acid (ABA) treatment on the free amino acid composition was compared in Chinese Spring chromosome 5A substitution lines with different levels of freezing tolerance. The total amino acid content gradually increased during the 3-week cold acclimation period, while the effect of ABA became visible only after 7 d. The ratio of members of the glutamate family increased during cold acclimation and the ratio of amino acids belonging to the aspartate family decreased. Opposite changes were observed after treatment with ABA. Consistently with these results, ABA only induced a major increase in the Asn content, while the Asp, Glu, Gln and Pro levels were greatly induced by cold. A corresponding alteration at the gene expression level was only found for Pro and Glu. With the exception of Pro, cold- or ABA-induced changes in the amino acid levelsor Pro, did not correlate with the freezing tolerance of the three genotypes examined and were not affected by chromosome 5A. Since cold acclimation induced the accumulation of most of the amino acids, while ABA had a significant effect only on Asn, the cold-induced changes in free amino acid levels were probably not mediated by ABA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zita Kovács
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1521 Budapest, P.O.B. 91, Hungary
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Alcázar R, Cuevas JC, Planas J, Zarza X, Bortolotti C, Carrasco P, Salinas J, Tiburcio AF, Altabella T. Integration of polyamines in the cold acclimation response. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2011; 180:31-8. [PMID: 21421344 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2010.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Revised: 07/23/2010] [Accepted: 07/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is one of the most important environmental factors limiting the geographical distribution of plants and accounts for significant reductions in the yield of agriculturally important crops. Low temperature damages many plant species, especially those adapted to tropical climates. In contrast, some species from temperate regions are able to develop freezing tolerance in response to low-non-freezing temperature, an adaptive process named cold acclimation. Numerous molecular, biochemical and physiological changes occur during cold acclimation, most of them being associated with significant changes in gene expression and metabolite profiles. During recent years, transcriptomic and metabolomic approaches have allowed the identification of cold-responsive genes and main metabolites which accumulate in plants exposed to cold. The obtained data support the previously held idea that polyamines (PAs) are involved in plant responses to cold, although their specific role is still not well understood. In this review, we synthesize published data regarding PA-responses to cold stress and integrate them with global transcriptional and metabolic changes. The potential of PA genetic engineering for the development of plants resistant to cold and freezing temperatures, and their plausible mechanisms of action are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Alcázar
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
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