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Szász Z, Enyedi KN, Takács A, Fekete N, Mező G, Kőhidai L, Lajkó E. Characterisation of the cell and molecular biological effect of peptide-based daunorubicin conjugates developed for targeting pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PANC-1) cell line. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116293. [PMID: 38430628 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is one of the tumours with the worst prognosis, with a 5-year survival rate of 5-10%. Our aim was to find and optimise peptide-based drug conjugates with daunorubicin (Dau) as the cytotoxic antitumour agent. When conjugated with targeting peptides, the side effect profile and pharmacokinetics of Dau can be improved. The targeting peptide sequences (e.g. GSSEQLYL) we studied were originally selected by phage display. By Ala-scan technique, we identified that position 6 in the parental sequence (Dau=Aoa-LRRY-GSSEQLYL-NH2, ConjA) could be modified without the loss of antitumour activity (Dau=Aoa-LRRY-GSSEQAYL-NH2, Conj03: 14. 9% viability). Our results showed that the incorporation of p-chloro-phenylalanine (Dau=Aoa-LRRY-GSSEQF(pCl)YL-NH2, Conj16) further increased the antitumour potency (10-5 M: 9.7% viability) on pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells (PANC-1). We found that conjugates containing modified GSSEQLYL sequences could be internalised to PANC-1 cells and induce cellular senescence in the short term and subsequent apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, the cardiotoxic effect of Dau was markedly reduced in the form of peptide conjugates. In conclusion, Conj16 had the most effective antitumor activity on PANC-1 cells, which makes this conjugate promising for developing new targeted therapies without cardiotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsófia Szász
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1089, Hungary
| | - Kata Nóra Enyedi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary; ELKH Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Angéla Takács
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1089, Hungary
| | - Nóra Fekete
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1089, Hungary
| | - Gábor Mező
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary; ELKH Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - László Kőhidai
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1089, Hungary
| | - Eszter Lajkó
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1089, Hungary.
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Mező G, Gomena J, Ranđelović I, Dókus EL, Kiss K, Pethő L, Schuster S, Vári B, Vári-Mező D, Lajkó E, Polgár L, Kőhidai L, Tóvári J, Szabó I. Oxime-Linked Peptide-Daunomycin Conjugates as Good Tools for Selection of Suitable Homing Devices in Targeted Tumor Therapy: An Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1864. [PMID: 38339141 PMCID: PMC10855781 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is still one of the main therapeutic approaches in cancer therapy. Nevertheless, its poor selectivity causes severe toxic side effects that, together with the development of drug resistance in tumor cells, results in a limitation for its application. Tumor-targeted drug delivery is a possible choice to overcome these drawbacks. As well as monoclonal antibodies, peptides are promising targeting moieties for drug delivery. However, the development of peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs) is still a big challenge. The main reason is that the conjugates have to be stable in circulation, but the drug or its active metabolite should be released efficiently in the tumor cells. For this purpose, suitable linker systems are needed that connect the drug molecule with the homing peptide. The applied linker systems are commonly categorized as cleavable and non-cleavable linkers. Both the groups possess advantages and disadvantages that are summarized briefly in this manuscript. Moreover, in this review paper, we highlight the benefit of oxime-linked anthracycline-peptide conjugates in the development of PDCs. For instance, straightforward synthesis as well as a conjugation reaction proceed in excellent yields, and the autofluorescence of anthracyclines provides a good tool to select the appropriate homing peptides. Furthermore, we demonstrate that these conjugates can be used properly in in vivo studies. The results indicate that the oxime-linked PDCs are potential candidates for targeted tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Mező
- HUN-REN-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (J.G.); (E.L.D.); (L.P.); (S.S.); (D.V.-M.); (I.S.)
- Institute of Chemistry, ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jacopo Gomena
- HUN-REN-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (J.G.); (E.L.D.); (L.P.); (S.S.); (D.V.-M.); (I.S.)
- Institute of Chemistry, ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ivan Ranđelović
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, 1122 Budapest, Hungary; (I.R.); (B.V.); (J.T.)
| | - Endre Levente Dókus
- HUN-REN-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (J.G.); (E.L.D.); (L.P.); (S.S.); (D.V.-M.); (I.S.)
| | - Krisztina Kiss
- HUN-REN-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (J.G.); (E.L.D.); (L.P.); (S.S.); (D.V.-M.); (I.S.)
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lilla Pethő
- HUN-REN-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (J.G.); (E.L.D.); (L.P.); (S.S.); (D.V.-M.); (I.S.)
| | - Sabine Schuster
- HUN-REN-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (J.G.); (E.L.D.); (L.P.); (S.S.); (D.V.-M.); (I.S.)
- Institute of Chemistry, ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Vári
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, 1122 Budapest, Hungary; (I.R.); (B.V.); (J.T.)
- School of Ph.D. Studies, Doctoral School of Pathological Sciences, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Diána Vári-Mező
- HUN-REN-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (J.G.); (E.L.D.); (L.P.); (S.S.); (D.V.-M.); (I.S.)
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, 1122 Budapest, Hungary; (I.R.); (B.V.); (J.T.)
- School of Ph.D. Studies, Doctoral School of Pathological Sciences, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Lajkó
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (E.L.); (L.P.); (L.K.)
| | - Lívia Polgár
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (E.L.); (L.P.); (L.K.)
| | - László Kőhidai
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (E.L.); (L.P.); (L.K.)
| | - József Tóvári
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, 1122 Budapest, Hungary; (I.R.); (B.V.); (J.T.)
- School of Ph.D. Studies, Doctoral School of Pathological Sciences, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Szabó
- HUN-REN-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (J.G.); (E.L.D.); (L.P.); (S.S.); (D.V.-M.); (I.S.)
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Szabó I, Biri-Kovács B, Vári B, Ranđelović I, Vári-Mező D, Juhász É, Halmos G, Bősze S, Tóvári J, Mező G. Targeting the Melanocortin 1 Receptor in Melanoma: Biological Activity of α-MSH-Peptide Conjugates. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1095. [PMID: 38256168 PMCID: PMC10816934 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is one of the most aggressive and resistant tumor types, with high metastatic properties. Because of the lack of suitable chemotherapeutic agents for treatment, the 5-year survival rate of melanoma patients with regional and distant metastases is lower than 10%. Targeted tumor therapy that provides several promising results might be a good option for the treatment of malignant melanomas. Our goal was to develop novel melanoma-specific peptide-drug conjugates for targeted tumor therapy. Melanocortin-1-receptor (MC1R) is a cell surface receptor responsible for melanogenesis and it is overexpressed on the surface of melanoma cells, providing a good target. Its native ligand, α-MSH (α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone) peptide, or its derivatives, might be potential homing devices for this purpose. Therefore, we prepared three α-MSH derivative-daunomycin (Dau) conjugates and their in vitro and in vivo antitumor activities were compared. Dau has an autofluorescence property; therefore, it is suitable for preparing conjugates for in vitro (e.g., cellular uptake) and in vivo experiments. Dau was attached to the peptides via a non-cleavable oxime linkage that was applied efficiently in our previous experiments, resulting in conjugates with high tumor growth inhibition activity. The results indicated that the most promising conjugate was the compound in which Dau was connected to the side chain of Lys (Ac-SYSNleEHFRWGK(Dau=Aoa)PV-NH2). The highest cellular uptake by melanoma cells was demonstrated using the compound, with the highest tumor growth inhibition detected both on mouse (38.6% on B16) and human uveal melanoma (55% on OMC-1) cells. The effect of the compound was more pronounced than that of the free drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildikó Szabó
- HUN-REN–ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (I.S.); (B.B.-K.); (D.V.-M.); (S.B.)
- MTA-TTK “Momentum” Peptide-Based Vaccines Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beáta Biri-Kovács
- HUN-REN–ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (I.S.); (B.B.-K.); (D.V.-M.); (S.B.)
| | - Balázs Vári
- National Tumor Biology Laboratory, Department of Experimental Pharmacology, National Institute of Oncology, 1122 Budapest, Hungary; (B.V.); (I.R.); (J.T.)
- School of Ph.D. Studies, Doctoral School of Pathological Sciences, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ivan Ranđelović
- National Tumor Biology Laboratory, Department of Experimental Pharmacology, National Institute of Oncology, 1122 Budapest, Hungary; (B.V.); (I.R.); (J.T.)
| | - Diána Vári-Mező
- HUN-REN–ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (I.S.); (B.B.-K.); (D.V.-M.); (S.B.)
- National Tumor Biology Laboratory, Department of Experimental Pharmacology, National Institute of Oncology, 1122 Budapest, Hungary; (B.V.); (I.R.); (J.T.)
- School of Ph.D. Studies, Doctoral School of Pathological Sciences, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Juhász
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Gábor Halmos
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Szilvia Bősze
- HUN-REN–ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (I.S.); (B.B.-K.); (D.V.-M.); (S.B.)
| | - József Tóvári
- National Tumor Biology Laboratory, Department of Experimental Pharmacology, National Institute of Oncology, 1122 Budapest, Hungary; (B.V.); (I.R.); (J.T.)
- School of Ph.D. Studies, Doctoral School of Pathological Sciences, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Mező
- HUN-REN–ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (I.S.); (B.B.-K.); (D.V.-M.); (S.B.)
- Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
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Fotie J, Matherne CM, Mather JB, Wroblewski JE, Johnson K, Boudreaux LG, Perez AA. The Fundamental Role of Oxime and Oxime Ether Moieties in Improving the Physicochemical and Anticancer Properties of Structurally Diverse Scaffolds. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16854. [PMID: 38069175 PMCID: PMC10705934 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The present review explores the critical role of oxime and oxime ether moieties in enhancing the physicochemical and anticancer properties of structurally diverse molecular frameworks. Specific examples are carefully selected to illustrate the distinct contributions of these functional groups to general strategies for molecular design, modulation of biological activities, computational modeling, and structure-activity relationship studies. An extensive literature search was conducted across three databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scifinder, enabling us to create one of the most comprehensive overviews of how oximes and oxime ethers impact antitumor activities within a wide range of structural frameworks. This search focused on various combinations of keywords or their synonyms, related to the anticancer activity of oximes and oxime ethers, structure-activity relationships, mechanism of action, as well as molecular dynamics and docking studies. Each article was evaluated based on its scientific merit and the depth of the study, resulting in 268 cited references and more than 336 illustrative chemical structures carefully selected to support this analysis. As many previous reviews focus on one subclass of this extensive family of compounds, this report represents one of the rare and fully comprehensive assessments of the anticancer potential of this group of molecules across diverse molecular scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Fotie
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Southeastern Louisiana University, SLU 10878, Hammond, LA 70402-0878, USA; (C.M.M.); (J.B.M.); (J.E.W.); (K.J.); (L.G.B.); (A.A.P.)
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5
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Targeting the Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor (GRP-R) in Cancer Therapy: Development of Bombesin-Based Peptide-Drug Conjugates. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043400. [PMID: 36834815 PMCID: PMC9967152 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted tumour therapy has proved to be an efficient alternative to overcome the limitations of conventional chemotherapy. Among several receptors upregulated in cancer cells, the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRP-R) has recently emerged as a promising target for cancer imaging, diagnosing and treatment due to its overexpression on cancerous tissues such as breast, prostate, pancreatic and small-cell lung cancer. Herein, we report on the in vitro and in vivo selective delivery of the cytotoxic drug daunorubicin to prostate and breast cancer, by targeting GRP-R. Exploiting many bombesin analogues as homing peptides, including a newly developed peptide, we produced eleven daunorubicin-containing peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs), acting as drug delivery systems to safely reach the tumour environment. Two of our bioconjugates revealed remarkable anti-proliferative activity, an efficient uptake by all three tested human breast and prostate cancer cell lines, high stability in plasma and a prompt release of the drug-containing metabolite by lysosomal enzymes. Moreover, they revealed a safe profile and a consistent reduction of the tumour volume in vivo. In conclusion, we highlight the importance of GRP-R binding PDCs in targeted cancer therapy, with the possibility of further tailoring and optimisation.
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Pethő L, Oláh-Szabó R, Mező G. Influence of the Drug Position on Bioactivity in Angiopep-2-Daunomycin Conjugates. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043106. [PMID: 36834514 PMCID: PMC9959518 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a semipermeable system, and, therefore, most of the active substances are poorly transported through this barrier, resulting in decreased therapeutic effects. Angiopep-2 (TFFYGGSRGKRNNFKTEEY) is a peptide ligand of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1), which can cross the BBB via receptor-mediated transcytosis and simultaneously target glioblastomas. Angiopep-2 contains three amino groups that have previously been used to produce drug-peptide conjugates, although the role and importance of each position have not yet been investigated. Thus, we studied the number and position of drug molecules in Angiopep-2 based conjugates. Conjugates containing one, two, and three daunomycin molecules conjugated via oxime linkage in all possible variations were prepared. The in vitro cytostatic effect and cellular uptake of the conjugates were investigated on U87 human glioblastoma cells. Degradation studies in the presence of rat liver lysosomal homogenates were also performed in order for us to better understand the structure-activity relationship and to determine the smallest metabolites. Conjugates with the best cytostatic effects had a drug molecule at the N-terminus. We demonstrated that the increasing number of drug molecules does not necessarily increase the efficacy of the conjugates, and proved that modification of the different conjugation sites results in differing biological effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilla Pethő
- ELKH-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rita Oláh-Szabó
- ELKH-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Mező
- ELKH-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
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Recent Advances in the Biomedical Applications of Functionalized Nanogels. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122832. [PMID: 36559325 PMCID: PMC9782855 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterials have been extensively used in several applications in the past few decades related to biomedicine and healthcare. Among them, nanogels (NGs) have emerged as an important nanoplatform with the properties of both hydrogels and nanoparticles for the controlled/sustained delivery of chemo drugs, nucleic acids, or other bioactive molecules for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes. In the recent past, significant research efforts have been invested in synthesizing NGs through various synthetic methodologies such as free radical polymerization, reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer method (RAFT) and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), as well as emulsion techniques. With further polymeric functionalizations using activated esters, thiol-ene/yne processes, imines/oximes formation, cycloadditions, nucleophilic addition reactions of isocyanates, ring-opening, and multicomponent reactions were used to obtain functionalized NGs for targeted delivery of drug and other compounds. NGs are particularly intriguing for use in the areas of diagnosis, analytics, and biomedicine due to their nanodimensionality, material characteristics, physiological stability, tunable multi-functionality, and biocompatibility. Numerous NGs with a wide range of functionalities and various external/internal stimuli-responsive modalities have been possible with novel synthetic reliable methodologies. Such continuous development of innovative, intelligent materials with novel characteristics is crucial for nanomedicine for next-generation biomedical applications. This paper reviews the synthesis and various functionalization strategies of NGs with a focus on the recent advances in different biomedical applications of these surface modified/functionalized single-/dual-/multi-responsive NGs, with various active targeting moieties, in the fields of cancer theranostics, immunotherapy, antimicrobial/antiviral, antigen presentation for the vaccine, sensing, wound healing, thrombolysis, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine.
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Schuster S, Juhász É, Halmos G, Neundorf I, Gennari C, Mező G. Development and Biochemical Characterization of Self-Immolative Linker Containing GnRH-III-Drug Conjugates. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095071. [PMID: 35563462 PMCID: PMC9105102 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH-I) and its sea lamprey analogue GnRH-III specifically bind to GnRH receptors on cancer cells and can be used as targeting moieties for targeted tumor therapy. Considering that the selective release of drugs in cancer cells is of high relevance, we were encouraged to develop cleavable, self-immolative GnRH-III-drug conjugates which consist of a p-aminobenzyloxycarbonlyl (PABC) spacer between a cathepsin B-cleavable dipeptide (Val-Ala, Val-Cit) and the classical anticancer drugs daunorubicin (Dau) and paclitaxel (PTX). Alongside these compounds, non-cleavable GnRH-III-drug conjugates were also synthesized, and all compounds were analyzed for their antiproliferative activity. The cleavable GnRH-III bioconjugates revealed a growth inhibitory effect on GnRH receptor-expressing A2780 ovarian cancer cells, while their activity was reduced on Panc-1 pancreatic cancer cells exhibiting a lower GnRH receptor level. Moreover, the antiproliferative activity of the non-cleavable counterparts was strongly reduced. Additionally, the efficient cleavage of the Val-Ala linker and the subsequent release of the drugs could be verified by lysosomal degradation studies, while radioligand binding studies ensured that the GnRH-III-drug conjugates bound to the GnRH receptor with high affinity. Our results underline the high value of GnRH-III-based homing devices and the application of cathepsin B-cleavable linker systems for the development of small molecule drug conjugates (SMDCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Schuster
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary;
- ELKH-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Juhász
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Gábor Halmos
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Ines Neundorf
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Cesare Gennari
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Gábor Mező
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary;
- ELKH-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-1-372-2500
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Host cell targeting of novel antimycobacterial 4-aminosalicylic acid derivatives with tuftsin carrier peptides. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 174:111-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Shin Y, Husni P, Kang K, Lee D, Lee S, Lee E, Youn Y, Oh K. Recent Advances in pH- or/and Photo-Responsive Nanovehicles. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:725. [PMID: 34069233 PMCID: PMC8157172 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The combination of nanotechnology and chemotherapy has resulted in more effective drug design via the development of nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems (DDSs) for tumor targeting. Stimulus-responsive DDSs in response to internal or external signals can offer precisely controlled delivery of preloaded therapeutics. Among the various DDSs, the photo-triggered system improves the efficacy and safety of treatment through spatiotemporal manipulation of light. Additionally, pH-induced delivery is one of the most widely studied strategies for targeting the acidic micro-environment of solid tumors. Accordingly, in this review, we discuss representative strategies for designing DDSs using light as an exogenous signal or pH as an endogenous trigger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuseon Shin
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, The Graduate School of Chung-Ang University and College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 221 Heukseok-dong, Seoul 06974, Korea; (Y.S.); (P.H.); (K.K.); (D.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Patihul Husni
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, The Graduate School of Chung-Ang University and College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 221 Heukseok-dong, Seoul 06974, Korea; (Y.S.); (P.H.); (K.K.); (D.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Kioh Kang
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, The Graduate School of Chung-Ang University and College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 221 Heukseok-dong, Seoul 06974, Korea; (Y.S.); (P.H.); (K.K.); (D.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Dayoon Lee
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, The Graduate School of Chung-Ang University and College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 221 Heukseok-dong, Seoul 06974, Korea; (Y.S.); (P.H.); (K.K.); (D.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Sehwa Lee
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, The Graduate School of Chung-Ang University and College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 221 Heukseok-dong, Seoul 06974, Korea; (Y.S.); (P.H.); (K.K.); (D.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Eunseong Lee
- Division of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea;
| | - Yuseok Youn
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea;
| | - Kyungtaek Oh
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, The Graduate School of Chung-Ang University and College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 221 Heukseok-dong, Seoul 06974, Korea; (Y.S.); (P.H.); (K.K.); (D.L.); (S.L.)
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Baranyai Z, Biri-Kovács B, Krátký M, Szeder B, Debreczeni ML, Budai J, Kovács B, Horváth L, Pári E, Németh Z, Cervenak L, Zsila F, Méhes E, Kiss É, Vinšová J, Bősze S. Cellular Internalization and Inhibition Capacity of New Anti-Glioma Peptide Conjugates: Physicochemical Characterization and Evaluation on Various Monolayer- and 3D-Spheroid-Based in Vitro Platforms. J Med Chem 2021; 64:2982-3005. [PMID: 33719423 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Most therapeutic agents used for treating brain malignancies face hindered transport through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and poor tissue penetration. To overcome these problems, we developed peptide conjugates of conventional and experimental anticancer agents. SynB3 cell-penetrating peptide derivatives were applied that can cross the BBB. Tuftsin derivatives were used to target the neuropilin-1 transport system for selectivity and better tumor penetration. Moreover, SynB3-tuftsin tandem compounds were synthesized to combine the beneficial properties of these peptides. Most of the conjugates showed high and selective efficacy against glioblastoma cells. SynB3 and tandem derivatives demonstrated superior cellular internalization. The penetration profile of the conjugates was determined on a lipid monolayer and Transwell co-culture system with noncontact HUVEC-U87 monolayers as simple ex vivo and in vitro BBB models. Importantly, in 3D spheroids, daunomycin-peptide conjugates possessed a better tumor penetration ability than daunomycin. These conjugates are promising tools for the delivery systems with tunable features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsa Baranyai
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beáta Biri-Kovács
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.,Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Martin Krátký
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Bálint Szeder
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márta L Debreczeni
- 3rd Department of Medicine Research Laboratory, Semmelweis University, Kútvölgyi út 4, H-1125 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Johanna Budai
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bence Kovács
- Centre for Ecological Research, Institute of Ecology and Botany, Alkotmány u. 2-4, H-2163 Vácrátót, Hungary
| | - Lilla Horváth
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edit Pári
- Laboratory of Interfaces and Nanostructures, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Németh
- 3rd Department of Medicine Research Laboratory, Semmelweis University, Kútvölgyi út 4, H-1125 Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Cervenak
- 3rd Department of Medicine Research Laboratory, Semmelweis University, Kútvölgyi út 4, H-1125 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Zsila
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Előd Méhes
- Department of Biological Physics, Institute of Physics, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Kiss
- Laboratory of Interfaces and Nanostructures, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jarmila Vinšová
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Szilvia Bősze
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
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12
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Borbély A, Pethő L, Szabó I, Al-Majidi M, Steckel A, Nagy T, Kéki S, Kalló G, Csősz É, Mező G, Schlosser G. Structural Characterization of Daunomycin-Peptide Conjugates by Various Tandem Mass Spectrometric Techniques. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041648. [PMID: 33562082 PMCID: PMC7914584 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of peptide-drug conjugates has generated wide interest as targeted antitumor therapeutics. The anthracycline antibiotic, daunomycin, is a widely used anticancer agent and it is often conjugated to different tumor homing peptides. However, comprehensive analytical characterization of these conjugates via tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is challenging due to the lability of the O-glycosidic bond and the appearance of MS/MS fragment ions with little structural information. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the optimal fragmentation conditions that suppress the prevalent dissociation of the anthracycline drug and provide good sequence coverage. In this study, we comprehensively compared the performance of common fragmentation techniques, such as higher energy collisional dissociation (HCD), electron transfer dissociation (ETD), electron-transfer higher energy collisional dissociation (EThcD) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization–tandem time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF/TOF) activation methods for the structural identification of synthetic daunomycin-peptide conjugates by high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry. Our results showed that peptide backbone fragmentation was inhibited by applying electron-based dissociation methods to conjugates, most possibly due to the “electron predator” effect of the daunomycin. We found that efficient HCD fragmentation was largely influenced by several factors, such as amino acid sequences, charge states and HCD energy. High energy HCD and MALDI-TOF/TOF combined with collision induced dissociation (CID) mode are the methods of choice to unambiguously assign the sequence, localize different conjugation sites and differentiate conjugate isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adina Borbély
- MTA-ELTE Lendület Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry Research Group and Department of Analytical Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.B.); (M.A.-M.); (A.S.)
| | - Lilla Pethő
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Supported Research Groups, Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (L.P.); (I.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Ildikó Szabó
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Supported Research Groups, Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (L.P.); (I.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Mohammed Al-Majidi
- MTA-ELTE Lendület Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry Research Group and Department of Analytical Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.B.); (M.A.-M.); (A.S.)
- Hevesy György PhD School of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Arnold Steckel
- MTA-ELTE Lendület Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry Research Group and Department of Analytical Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.B.); (M.A.-M.); (A.S.)
- Hevesy György PhD School of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Nagy
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (T.N.); (S.K.)
| | - Sándor Kéki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (T.N.); (S.K.)
| | - Gergő Kalló
- Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.K.); (É.C.)
| | - Éva Csősz
- Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.K.); (É.C.)
| | - Gábor Mező
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Supported Research Groups, Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (L.P.); (I.S.); (G.M.)
- Department of Organic Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gitta Schlosser
- MTA-ELTE Lendület Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry Research Group and Department of Analytical Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.B.); (M.A.-M.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-1-372-2500
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13
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Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptors in Prostate Cancer: Molecular Aspects and Biological Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249511. [PMID: 33327545 PMCID: PMC7765031 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pituitary Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone receptors (GnRH-R) mediate the activity of the hypothalamic decapeptide GnRH, thus playing a key role in the regulation of the reproductive axis. Early-stage prostate cancer (PCa) is dependent on serum androgen levels, and androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT), based on GnRH agonists and antagonists, represents the standard therapeutic approach for PCa patients. Unfortunately, the tumor often progresses towards the more aggressive castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) stage. GnRH receptors are also expressed in CRPC tissues, where their binding to both GnRH agonists and antagonists is associated with significant antiproliferative/proapoptotic, antimetastatic and antiangiogenic effects, mediated by the Gαi/cAMP signaling cascade. GnRH agonists and antagonists are now considered as an effective therapeutic strategy for CRPC patients with many clinical trials demonstrating that the combined use of these drugs with standard therapies (i.e., docetaxel, enzalutamide, abiraterone) significantly improves disease-free survival. In this context, GnRH-based bioconjugates (cytotoxic drugs covalently linked to a GnRH-based decapeptide) have been recently developed. The rationale of this treatment is that the GnRH peptide selectively binds to its receptors, delivering the cytotoxic drug to CRPC cells while sparing nontumor cells. Some of these compounds have already entered clinical trials.
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14
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Vrettos EI, Karampelas T, Sayyad N, Kougioumtzi A, Syed N, Crook T, Murphy C, Tamvakopoulos C, Tzakos AG. Development of programmable gemcitabine-GnRH pro-drugs bearing linker controllable "click" oxime bond tethers and preclinical evaluation against prostate cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 211:113018. [PMID: 33223264 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs) are gaining considerable attention as anti-neoplastic agents. However, their development is often laborious and time-consuming. Herein, we have developed and preclinically evaluated three PDCs with gemcitabine as the anticancer cytotoxic unit and D-Lys6-GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone; GnRH) as the cancer-targeting unit. These units were tethered via acid-labile programmable linkers to guide a differential drug release rate from the PDC through a combination of ester or amide and "click" type oxime ligations. The pro-drugs were designed to enable the selective targeting of malignant tumor cells with linker guided differential drug release rates. We exploited the oxime bond responsiveness against the acidic pH of the tumor microenvironment and the GnRH endocytosis via the GnRH-R GPCR which is overexpressed on cancer cells. The challenging metabolic properties of gemcitabine were addressed during design of the PDCs. We developed a rapid (1 hour) and cost-effective "click" oxime bond ligation platform to assemble in one-pot the 3 desired PDCs that does not require purification, surpassing traditional time-ineffective and low yield methods. The internalization of the tumor-homing peptide unit in cancer cells, overexpressing the GnRH-R, was first validated through confocal laser microscopy and flow cytometry analysis. Subsequently, the three PDCs were evaluated for their in vitro antiproliferative effect in prostate cancer cells. Their stability and the release of gemcitabine over time were monitored in vitro in cell culture and in human plasma using LC-MS/MS. We then assessed the ability of the developed PDCs to internalize in prostate cancer cells and to release gemcitabine. The most potent analog, designated GOXG1, was used for pharmacokinetic studies in mice. The metabolism of GOXG1 was examined in liver microsomes, as well as in buffers mimicking the pH of intracellular organelles, resulting in the identification of two metabolites. The major metabolite at low pH emanated from the cleavage of the pH-labile oxime bond, validating our design approach. NMR spectroscopy and in vitro radioligand binding assays were exploited for GOXG1 to validate that upon conjugating the drug to the peptide, the peptide microenvironment responsible for its GnRH-R binding is not perturbed and to confirm its high binding potency to the GnRH-R. Finally, the binding of GOXG1 to the GnRH-R and the associated elicitation of testosterone release in mice were also determined. The facile platform established herein for the rapid assembly of PDCs with linker controllable characteristics from aldehyde and aminooxy units through rapid "click" oxime ligation, that does not require purification steps, could pave the way for a new generation of potent cancer therapeutics, diagnostics and theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Theodoros Karampelas
- Division of Pharmacology-Pharmacotechnology, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation ofthe Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nisar Sayyad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, GR-45110, Greece
| | - Anastasia Kougioumtzi
- Department of Biomedical Research, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology - Forth, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Nelofer Syed
- John Fulcher Neuro-oncology Laboratory, Dept of Brain Sciences, Division of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Timothy Crook
- John Fulcher Neuro-oncology Laboratory, Dept of Brain Sciences, Division of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Carol Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Research, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology - Forth, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Constantin Tamvakopoulos
- Division of Pharmacology-Pharmacotechnology, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation ofthe Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas G Tzakos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, GR-45110, Greece; University Research Center of Ioannina (URCI), Institute of Materials Science and Computing, Ioannina, Greece.
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15
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Pethő L, Kasza G, Lajkó E, Láng O, Kőhidai L, Iván B, Mező G. Amphiphilic drug-peptide-polymer conjugates based on poly(ethylene glycol) and hyperbranched polyglycerol for epidermal growth factor receptor targeting: the effect of conjugate aggregation on in vitro activity. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:5759-5769. [PMID: 32530018 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00428f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Numerous peptide-drug conjugates have been developed over the years to enhance the specificity and selectivity of chemotherapeutic agents for tumour cells. In our present work, epidermal growth factor receptor targeting drug-peptide conjugates were prepared using GE11 and D4 peptides. To ensure the drug release, the cathepsin B labile GFLG spacer was incorporated between the targeting peptide and the drug molecule (daunomycin), which significantly increased the hydrophobicity and thereby decreased the water solubility of the conjugates. To overcome the solubility problem, drug-peptide-polymer conjugates with systematic structural variations were prepared, by linking poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) or a well-defined amino-monofunctional hyperbranched polyglycerol (HbPG) directly or via a pentaglycine spacer to the targeting peptides. All the drug-peptide-polymer conjugates were water-soluble as confirmed by turbidimetric measurements. The results of the in vitro cell viability and cellular uptake measurements on HT-29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells proved that the HbPG and the PEG highly influenced the biological activity. The conjugation of the hydrophilic polymer resulted in the amphiphilic character of the conjugates, which led to self-aggregation and nanoparticle formation that decreased the cellular uptake above a specific aggregation concentration. On the other hand, the hydrodynamic volume and the different polymer chain topology of the linear PEG and the compact hyperbranched HbPG also played an important role in the biological activity. Therefore, in similar systems, the investigation of the colloidal properties is inevitable for the better understanding of the biological activity, which can reveal the structure-activity relationship of amphiphilic drug-peptide-polymer conjugates for efficient tumour targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilla Pethő
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Hungary.
| | - György Kasza
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Hungary.
| | - Eszter Lajkó
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Nagyvárad tér 4, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Láng
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Nagyvárad tér 4, Hungary
| | - László Kőhidai
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Nagyvárad tér 4, Hungary
| | - Béla Iván
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Hungary.
| | - Gábor Mező
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Hungary. and Eötvös Loránd University, Faculty of Science, Institute of Chemistry, H-1117 Budapest, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Hungary
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16
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Phage Display-Based Homing Peptide-Daunomycin Conjugates for Selective Drug Targeting to PANC-1 Pancreatic Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12060576. [PMID: 32580307 PMCID: PMC7355684 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12060576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive and dangerous cancerous diseases, leading to a high rate of mortality. Therefore, the development of new, more efficient treatment approaches is necessary to cure this illness. Peptide-based drug targeting provides a new tool for this purpose. Previously, a hexapeptide Cys-Lys-Ala-Ala-Lys-Asn (CKAAKN) was applied efficiently as the homing device for drug-loaded nanostructures in PDAC cells. In this research, Cys was replaced by Ser in the sequence and this new SKAAKN targeting moiety was used in conjugates containing daunomycin (Dau). Five different structures were developed and tested. The results indicated that linear versions with one Dau were not effective on PANC-1 cells in vitro; however, branched conjugates with two Dau molecules showed significant antitumor activity. Differences in the antitumor effect of the conjugates could be explained with the different cellular uptake and lysosomal degradation. The most efficient conjugate was Dau=Aoa-GFLG-K(Dau=Aoa)SKAAKN-OH (conjugate 4) that also showed significant tumor growth inhibition on s.c. implanted PANC-1 tumor-bearing mice with negligible side effects. Our novel results suggest that peptide-based drug delivery systems could be a promising tool for the treatment of pancreatic cancers.
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17
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Vacchini M, Edwards R, Guizzardi R, Palmioli A, Ciaramelli C, Paiotta A, Airoldi C, La Ferla B, Cipolla L. Glycan Carriers As Glycotools for Medicinal Chemistry Applications. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:6349-6398. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190104164653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are one of the most powerful and versatile classes of biomolecules that nature
uses to regulate organisms’ biochemistry, modulating plenty of signaling events within cells, triggering
a plethora of physiological and pathological cellular behaviors. In this framework, glycan carrier
systems or carbohydrate-decorated materials constitute interesting and relevant tools for medicinal
chemistry applications. In the last few decades, efforts have been focused, among others, on the development
of multivalent glycoconjugates, biosensors, glycoarrays, carbohydrate-decorated biomaterials
for regenerative medicine, and glyconanoparticles. This review aims to provide the reader with a general
overview of the different carbohydrate carrier systems that have been developed as tools in different
medicinal chemistry approaches relying on carbohydrate-protein interactions. Given the extent of
this topic, the present review will focus on selected examples that highlight the advancements and potentialities
offered by this specific area of research, rather than being an exhaustive literature survey of
any specific glyco-functionalized system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Vacchini
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca Milano, Italy
| | - Rana Edwards
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Guizzardi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Palmioli
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca Milano, Italy
| | - Carlotta Ciaramelli
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca Milano, Italy
| | - Alice Paiotta
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca Milano, Italy
| | - Cristina Airoldi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca Milano, Italy
| | - Barbara La Ferla
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Cipolla
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca Milano, Italy
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18
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Tripodi AAP, Ranđelović I, Biri-Kovács B, Szeder B, Mező G, Tóvári J. In Vivo Tumor Growth Inhibition and Antiangiogenic Effect of Cyclic NGR Peptide-Daunorubicin Conjugates Developed for Targeted Drug Delivery. Pathol Oncol Res 2019; 26:1879-1892. [PMID: 31820302 PMCID: PMC7297862 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-019-00773-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Among various homing devices, peptides containing the NGR tripeptide sequence represent a promising approach to selectively recognize CD13 receptor isoforms on the surface of tumor cells. They have been successfully used for the delivery of various chemotherapeutic drugs to tumor vessels. Here, we report on the murine plasma stability, in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity of our recently described bioconjugates containing daunorubicin as payload. Furthermore, CD13 expression of KS Kaposi’s Sarcoma cell line and HT-29 human colon carcinoma cell line was investigated. Flow cytometry studies confirm the fast cellular uptake resulting in the rapid delivery of the active metabolite Dau = Aoa-Gly-OH to tumor cells. The increased in vitro antitumor effect might be explained by the faster rearrangement from NGR to isoDGR in case of conjugate 2 (Dau = Aoa-GFLGK(c[NleNGRE]-GG)-NH2) in comparison with conjugate 1 (Dau = Aoa-GFLGK(c[KNGRE]-GG)-NH2). Nevertheless, results indicated that both conjugates showed significant effect on inhibition of proliferation in the primary tumor and also on blood vessel formation making them a potential candidate for targeting angiogenesis processes in tumors where CD13 and integrins are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Angelo Pierluigi Tripodi
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,Faculty of Science, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ivan Ranđelović
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beáta Biri-Kovács
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,Faculty of Science, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bálint Szeder
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Enzymology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Mező
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,Faculty of Science, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - József Tóvári
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary.
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19
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Huerta-Reyes M, Maya-Núñez G, Pérez-Solis MA, López-Muñoz E, Guillén N, Olivo-Marin JC, Aguilar-Rojas A. Treatment of Breast Cancer With Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Analogs. Front Oncol 2019; 9:943. [PMID: 31632902 PMCID: PMC6779786 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although significant progress has been made in the implementation of new breast cancer treatments over the last three decades, this neoplasm annually continues to show high worldwide rates of morbidity and mortality. In consequence, the search for novel therapies with greater effectiveness and specificity has not come to a stop. Among the alternative therapeutic targets, the human gonadotropin-releasing hormone type I and type II (hGnRH-I and hGnRH–II, respectively) and its receptor, the human gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor type I (hGnRHR-I), have shown to be powerful therapeutic targets to decrease the adverse effects of this disease. In the present review, we describe how the administration of GnRH analogs is able to reduce circulating concentrations of estrogen in premenopausal women through their action on the hypothalamus–pituitary–ovarian axis, consequently reducing the growth of breast tumors and disease recurrence. Also, it has been mentioned that, regardless of the suppression of synthesis and secretion of ovarian steroids, GnRH agonists exert direct anticancer action, such as the reduction of tumor growth and cell invasion. In addition, we discuss the effects on breast cancer of the hGnRH-I and hGnRH-II agonist and antagonist, non-peptide GnRH antagonists, and cytotoxic analogs of GnRH and their implication as novel adjuvant therapies as antitumor agents for reducing the adverse effects of breast cancer. In conclusion, we suggest that the hGnRH/hGnRHR system is a promising target for pharmaceutical development in the treatment of breast cancer, especially for the treatment of advanced states of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maira Huerta-Reyes
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Nefrológicas, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI (CMN-SXXI), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Hospital de Especialidades, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Maya-Núñez
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Medicina Reproductiva, IMSS, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad No. 4, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marco Allán Pérez-Solis
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Medicina Reproductiva, IMSS, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad No. 4, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eunice López-Muñoz
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Medicina Reproductiva, IMSS, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad No. 4, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nancy Guillén
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS-ERL9195, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Olivo-Marin
- Unité d'Analyse d'Images Biologiques, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS-UMR3691, Paris, France
| | - Arturo Aguilar-Rojas
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Medicina Reproductiva, IMSS, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad No. 4, Mexico City, Mexico.,Unité d'Analyse d'Images Biologiques, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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20
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Ranđelović I, Schuster S, Kapuvári B, Fossati G, Steinkühler C, Mező G, Tóvári J. Improved In Vivo Anti-Tumor and Anti-Metastatic Effect of GnRH-III-Daunorubicin Analogs on Colorectal and Breast Carcinoma Bearing Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4763. [PMID: 31557968 PMCID: PMC6801585 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Among various homing devices, gonadotropin-releasing hormone-III (GnRH-III) peptide represents a suitable targeting moiety for drug delivery systems. The anti-tumor activity of the previously developed GnRH-III-[4Lys(Bu),8Lys(Dau=Aoa)] conjugate and the novel synthesized GnRH-III-[2ΔHis,3d-Tic,4Lys(Bu),8Lys(Dau=Aoa)] conjugate, containing the anti-cancer drug daunorubicin, were evaluated. Here, we demonstrate that both GnRH-III-Dau conjugates possess an efficient growth inhibitory effect on more than 20 cancer cell lines, whereby the biological activity is strongly connected to the expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors (GnRH-R). The novel conjugate showed a higher in vitro anti-proliferative activity and a higher uptake capacity. Moreover, the treatment with GnRH-III-Dau conjugates cause a significant in vivo tumor growth and metastases inhibitory effect in three different orthotopic models, including 4T1 mice and MDA-MB-231 human breast carcinoma, as well as HT-29 human colorectal cancer bearing BALB/s and SCID mice, while toxic side-effects were substantially reduced in comparison to the treatment with the free drug. These findings illustrate that our novel lead compound is a highly promising candidate for targeted tumor therapy in both colon cancer and metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Ranđelović
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, National Institute of Oncology, 1122 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Sabine Schuster
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary.
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Bence Kapuvári
- Department of Biochemistry, National Institute of Oncology, 1122 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Gianluca Fossati
- Preclinical R&D, Italfarmaco SpA, 20092 Cinisello Balsamo (Milan), Italy.
| | | | - Gábor Mező
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary.
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - József Tóvári
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, National Institute of Oncology, 1122 Budapest, Hungary.
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21
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Apoptotic Effects of Drug Targeting Conjugates Containing Different GnRH Analogs on Colon Carcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184421. [PMID: 31500399 PMCID: PMC6769516 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The wide range of cellular target reactions (e.g., antitumor) of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) variants provides the possibility to develop multifunctional GnRH conjugates. The aim of our work was to compare the cytotoxic/apoptotic activity of different GnRH-based, daunorubicin (Dau)-linked conjugates with or without butyrated Lys in position 4 (4Lys(Bu)) at a molecular level in a human colorectal carcinoma cell line. Cell viability was measured by impedimetry, cellular uptake and apoptosis were studied by flow cytometry, and the expression of apoptosis-related genes was analyzed by qRT-PCR. The modification with 4Lys(Bu) resulted in an increased cytotoxic and apoptotic effects and cellular uptake of the GnRH-I and GnRH-III conjugates. Depending on the GnRH isoform and the presence of 4Lys(Bu), the conjugates could regulate the expression of several apoptosis-related genes, especially tumor necrosis factor (TNF), tumor protein p53 (TP53) and the members of growth-factor signaling. The stronger cytotoxicity of GnRH-I and GnRH-III conjugates containing 4Lys(Bu) was associated with a stronger inhibitory effect on the expression of growth-factor signaling elements in comparison with their 4Ser counterparts, in which the upregulation of TP53 and caspases (e.g., CASP9) seemed to play a more important role. We were able to provide further evidence that targeting the GnRH receptor could serve as a successful therapeutic approach in colon cancer, and GnRH-III-[4Lys(Bu),8Lys(Dau=Aoa)] proved to be the best candidate for this purpose.
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22
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Overcharging Effect in Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectra of Daunomycin-Tuftsin Bioconjugates. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24162981. [PMID: 31426442 PMCID: PMC6720970 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24162981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide-based small molecule drug conjugates for targeted tumor therapy are currently in the focus of intensive research. Anthracyclines, like daunomycin, are commonly used anticancer drug molecules and are also often applied in peptide-drug conjugates. However, lability of the O-glycosidic bond during electrospray ionization mass spectrometric analysis hinders the analytical characterization of the constructs. “Overprotonation” can occur if daunomycin is linked to positively charged peptide carriers, like tuftsin derivatives. In these molecules, the high number of positive charges enhances the in-source fragmentation significantly, leading to complex mass spectra composed of mainly fragment ions. Therefore, we investigated different novel tuftsin-daunomycin conjugates to find an appropriate condition for mass spectrometric detection. Our results showed that shifting the charge states to lower charges helped to keep ions intact. In this way, a clear spectrum could be obtained containing intact protonated molecules only. Shifting of the protonation states to lower charges could be achieved with the use of appropriate neutral volatile buffers and with tuning the ion source parameters.
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23
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Kiss K, Biri-Kovács B, Szabó R, Ranđelović I, Enyedi KN, Schlosser G, Orosz Á, Kapuvári B, Tóvári J, Mező G. Sequence modification of heptapeptide selected by phage display as homing device for HT-29 colon cancer cells to improve the anti-tumour activity of drug delivery systems. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 176:105-116. [PMID: 31100648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Development of peptide-based conjugates for targeted tumour therapy is a current research topic providing new possibilities in cancer treatment. In this study, VHLGYAT heptapeptide selected by phage display technique for HT-29 human colon cancer was investigated as homing peptide for drug delivery. Daunomycin was conjugated to the N-terminus of the peptide directly or through Cathepsin B cleavable spacers. Conjugates showed moderate in vitro cytostatic effect. Therefore, sequence modifications were performed by Ala-scan and positional scanning resulting in conjugates with much higher bioactivity. Conjugates in which Gly was replaced by amino acids with bulky apolaric side chains provided the best efficacy. The influence of the cellular uptake, stability and drug release on the anti-tumour activity was investigated. It was found that mainly the difference in the cellular uptake of the conjugates generated the distinct effect on cell viability. One of the most efficient conjugate Dau = Aoa-LRRY-VHLFYAT-NH2 showed tumour growth inhibition on orthotopically developed HT-29 colon cancer in mice with negligible toxic side effect compared to the free drug. We also indicate that this sequence is not specific to HT-29 cells, but it has a remarkable effect on many other cancer cells. Nevertheless, the Phe-containing conjugate was more active in all cases compared to the conjugate with the parent sequence. The literature data suggested that this sequence is highly overlapped with peptides that recognize Hsp70 membrane bound protein overexpressed in many types of tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Kiss
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös L. University, 1117, Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös L. University, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beáta Biri-Kovács
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös L. University, 1117, Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös L. University, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rita Szabó
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös L. University, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ivan Ranđelović
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, National Institute of Oncology, 1122, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kata Nóra Enyedi
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös L. University, 1117, Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös L. University, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gitta Schlosser
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös L. University, 1117, Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös L. University, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Orosz
- Institute of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, 1444, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bence Kapuvári
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, National Institute of Oncology, 1122, Budapest, Hungary
| | - József Tóvári
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, National Institute of Oncology, 1122, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Mező
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös L. University, 1117, Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös L. University, 1117, Budapest, Hungary.
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24
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Schuster S, Biri-Kovács B, Szeder B, Buday L, Gardi J, Szabó Z, Halmos G, Mező G. Enhanced In Vitro Antitumor Activity of GnRH-III-Daunorubicin Bioconjugates Influenced by Sequence Modification. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:E223. [PMID: 30423956 PMCID: PMC6320914 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10040223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptors for gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) are highly expressed in various human cancers including breast, ovarian, endometrial, prostate and colorectal cancer. Ligands like human GnRH-I or the sea lamprey analogue GnRH-III represent a promising approach for the development of efficient drug delivery systems for targeted tumor therapy. Here, we report on the synthesis and cytostatic effect of 14 oxime bond-linked daunorubicin GnRH-III conjugates containing a variety of unnatural amino acids within the peptide sequence. All compounds demonstrated a reduced cell viability in vitro on estrogen receptor α (ERα) positive and ERα negative cancer cells. The best candidate revealed an increased cancer cell growth inhibitory effect compared to our lead-compound GnRH-III-[⁴Lys(Bu),⁸Lys(Dau=Aoa)]. Flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy studies showed that the cellular uptake of the novel conjugate is substantially improved leading to an accelerated delivery of the drug to its site of action. However, the release of the active drug-metabolite by lysosomal enzymes was not negatively affected by amino acid substitution, while the compound provided a high stability in human blood plasma. Receptor binding studies were carried out to ensure a high binding affinity of the new compound for the GnRH-receptor. It was demonstrated that GnRH-III-[²ΔHis,³d-Tic,⁴Lys(Bu),⁸Lys(Dau=Aoa)] is a highly potent and promising anticancer drug delivery system for targeted tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Schuster
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary.
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Beáta Biri-Kovács
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary.
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Bálint Szeder
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Enzymology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - László Buday
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Enzymology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - János Gardi
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Zsuzsanna Szabó
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Gábor Halmos
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Gábor Mező
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary.
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary.
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25
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Lajkó E, Spring S, Hegedüs R, Biri-Kovács B, Ingebrandt S, Mező G, Kőhidai L. Comparative cell biological study of in vitro antitumor and antimetastatic activity on melanoma cells of GnRH-III-containing conjugates modified with short-chain fatty acids. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:2495-2509. [PMID: 30344773 PMCID: PMC6178282 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Peptide hormone-based targeted tumor therapy is an approved strategy to selectively block the tumor growth and spreading. The gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors (GnRH-R) overexpressed on different tumors (e.g., melanoma) could be utilized for drug-targeting by application of a GnRH analog as a carrier to deliver a covalently linked chemotherapeutic drug directly to the tumor cells. In this study our aim was (i) to analyze the effects of GnRH-drug conjugates on melanoma cell proliferation, adhesion and migration, (ii) to study the mechanisms of tumor cell responses, and (iii) to compare the activities of conjugates with the free drug. Results: In the tested conjugates, daunorubicin (Dau) was coupled to 8Lys of GnRH-III (GnRH-III(Dau=Aoa)) or its derivatives modified with 4Lys acylated with short-chain fatty acids (acetyl group in [4Lys(Ac)]-GnRH-III(Dau=Aoa) and butyryl group in [4Lys(Bu)]-GnRH-III(Dau=Aoa)). The uptake of conjugates by A2058 melanoma model cells proved to be time dependent. Impedance-based proliferation measurements with xCELLigence SP system showed that all conjugates elicited irreversible tumor growth inhibitory effects mediated via a phosphoinositide 3-kinase-dependent signaling. GnRH-III(Dau=Aoa) and [4Lys(Ac)]-GnRH-III(Dau=Aoa) were shown to be blockers of the cell cycle in the G2/M phase, while [4Lys(Bu)]-GnRH-III(Dau=Aoa) rather induced apoptosis. In short-term, the melanoma cell adhesion was significantly increased by all the tested conjugates. The modification of the GnRH-III in position 4 was accompanied by an increased cellular uptake, higher cytotoxic and cell adhesion inducer activity. By studying the cell movement of A2058 cells with a holographic microscope, it was found that the migratory behavior of melanoma cells was increased by [4Lys(Ac)]-GnRH-III(Dau=Aoa), while the GnRH-III(Dau=Aoa) and [4Lys(Bu)]-GnRH-III(Dau=Aoa) decreased this activity. Conclusion: Internalization and cytotoxicity of the conjugates showed that GnRH-III peptides could guard Dau to melanoma cells and promote antitumor activity. [4Lys(Bu)]-GnRH-III(Dau=Aoa) possessing the butyryl side chain acting as a “second drug” proved to be the best candidate for targeted tumor therapy due to its cytotoxicity and immobilizing effect on tumor cell spreading. The applicability of impedimetry and holographic phase imaging for characterizing cancer cell behavior and effects of targeted chemotherapeutics with small structural differences (e.g., length of the side chain in 4Lys) was also clearly suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Lajkó
- Department Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4., 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sarah Spring
- Department Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4., 1089 Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Informatics and Microsystem Technology, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Amerikastraße 1, 66482 Zweibrücken, Germany
| | - Rózsa Hegedüs
- Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beáta Biri-Kovács
- Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117 Budapest, Hungary.,Eötvös Loránd University, Faculty of Science, Institute of Chemistry, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sven Ingebrandt
- Department of Informatics and Microsystem Technology, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Amerikastraße 1, 66482 Zweibrücken, Germany
| | - Gábor Mező
- Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117 Budapest, Hungary.,Eötvös Loránd University, Faculty of Science, Institute of Chemistry, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Kőhidai
- Department Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4., 1089 Budapest, Hungary
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26
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Polgár L, Lajkó E, Soós P, Láng O, Manea M, Merkely B, Mező G, Kőhidai L. Drug targeting to decrease cardiotoxicity - determination of the cytotoxic effect of GnRH-based conjugates containing doxorubicin, daunorubicin and methotrexate on human cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:1583-1594. [PMID: 30013686 PMCID: PMC6037002 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cardiomyopathy induced by the chemotherapeutic agents doxorubicin and daunorubicin is a major limiting factor for their application in cancer therapy. Chemotactic drug targeting potentially increases the tumor selectivity of drugs and decreases their cardiotoxicity. Increased expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptors on the surface of tumor cells has been reported. Thus, the attachment of the aforementioned chemotherapeutic drugs to GnRH-based peptides may result in compounds with increased therapeutic efficacy. The objective of the present study was to examine the cytotoxic effect of anticancer drug–GnRH-conjugates against two essential cardiovascular cell types, such as cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells. Sixteen different previously developed GnRH-conjugates containing doxorubicin, daunorubicin and methotrexate were investigated in this study. Their cytotoxicity was determined on primary human cardiac myocytes (HCM) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) using the xCELLigence SP system, which measures impedance changes caused by adhering cells on golden electrode arrays placed at the bottom of the wells. Slopes of impedance–time curves were calculated and for the quantitative determination of cytotoxicity, the difference to the control was analysed. Results: Doxorubicin and daunorubicin exhibited a cytotoxic effect on both cell types, at the highest concentrations tested. Doxorubicin-based conjugates (AN-152, GnRH-III(Dox-O-glut), GnRH-III(Dox-glut-GFLG) and GnRH-III(Dox=Aoa-GFLG) showed the same cytotoxic effect on cardiomyocytes. Among the daunorubicin-based conjugates, [4Lys(Ac)]-GnRH-III(Dau=Aoa), GnRH-III(Dau=Aoa-YRRL), {GnRH-III(Dau=Aoa-YRRL-C)}2 and {[4N-MeSer]-GnRH-III(Dau-C)}2 had a significant but decreased cytotoxic effect, while the other conjugates – GnRH-III(Dau=Aoa), GnRH-III(Dau=Aoa-K(Dau=Aoa)), [4Lys(Dau=Aoa)]-GnRH-III(Dau=Aoa), GnRH-III(Dau=Aoa-GFLG), {GnRH-III(Dau-C)}2 and [4N-MeSer]-GnRH-III(Dau=Aoa) – exerted no cytotoxic effect on cardiomyocytes. Mixed conjugates containing methotrexate and daunorubicin – GnRH-III(Mtx-K(Dau=Aoa)) and [4Lys(Mtx)]-GnRH-III(Dau=Aoa) – showed no cytotoxic effect on cardiomyocytes, as well. Conclusion: Based on these results, anticancer drug–GnRH-based conjugates with no cytotoxic effect on cardiomyocytes were identified. In the future, these compounds could provide a more targeted antitumor therapy with no cardiotoxic adverse effects. Moreover, impedimetric cytotoxicity analysis could be a valuable technique to determine the effect of drugs on cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Polgár
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Városmajor u. 68., Budapest, 1122, Hungary.,Chemotaxis Research Group, Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4., Budapest, 1089, Hungary
| | - Eszter Lajkó
- Chemotaxis Research Group, Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4., Budapest, 1089, Hungary
| | - Pál Soós
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Városmajor u. 68., Budapest, 1122, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Láng
- Chemotaxis Research Group, Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4., Budapest, 1089, Hungary
| | - Marilena Manea
- University of Konstanz, Department of Chemistry and Zukunftskolleg, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78467 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Béla Merkely
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Városmajor u. 68., Budapest, 1122, Hungary
| | - Gábor Mező
- Eötvös Loránd University, Faculty of Science, Institute of Chemistry, Pázmány P. stny 1/A Budapest, 1117, Hungary.,MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Pázmány P. stny 1/A, Hungarian Academy of Science, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - László Kőhidai
- Chemotaxis Research Group, Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4., Budapest, 1089, Hungary
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27
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López Rivas P, Ranđelović I, Raposo Moreira Dias A, Pina A, Arosio D, Tóvári J, Mező G, Dal Corso A, Pignataro L, Gennari C. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Paclitaxel Conjugates Involving Linkers Cleavable by Lysosomal Enzymes and αV
β3
-Integrin Ligands for Tumor Targeting. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paula López Rivas
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via C. Golgi, 19 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Ivan Ranđelović
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology; National Institute of Oncology; Ráth György u. 7-9. 1122 Budapest Hungary
| | | | - Arianna Pina
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via C. Golgi, 19 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Daniela Arosio
- CNR; Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari (ISTM); Via C. Golgi, 19 20133 Milan Italy
| | - József Tóvári
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology; National Institute of Oncology; Ráth György u. 7-9. 1122 Budapest Hungary
| | - Gábor Mező
- Faculty of Science; Institute of Chemistry; Eötvös Loránd University; Pázmány Péter st. 1/A 1117 Budapest Hungary
| | - Alberto Dal Corso
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via C. Golgi, 19 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Luca Pignataro
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via C. Golgi, 19 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Cesare Gennari
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via C. Golgi, 19 20133 Milan Italy
- CNR; Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari (ISTM); Via C. Golgi, 19 20133 Milan Italy
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28
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Vrettos EI, Mező G, Tzakos AG. On the design principles of peptide-drug conjugates for targeted drug delivery to the malignant tumor site. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:930-954. [PMID: 29765474 PMCID: PMC5942387 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death affecting nearly one in two people, and the appearance of new cases is projected to rise by >70% by 2030. To effectively combat the menace of cancer, a variety of strategies have been exploited. Among them, the development of peptide–drug conjugates (PDCs) is considered as an inextricable part of this armamentarium and is continuously explored as a viable approach to target malignant tumors. The general architecture of PDCs consists of three building blocks: the tumor-homing peptide, the cytotoxic agent and the biodegradable connecting linker. The aim of the current review is to provide a spherical perspective on the basic principles governing PDCs, as also the methodology to construct them. We aim to offer basic and integral knowledge on the rational design towards the construction of PDCs through analyzing each building block, as also to highlight the overall progress of this rapidly growing field. Therefore, we focus on several intriguing examples from the recent literature, including important PDCs that have progressed to phase III clinical trials. Last, we address possible difficulties that may emerge during the synthesis of PDCs, as also report ways to overcome them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirinaios I Vrettos
- University of Ioannina, Department of Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ioannina, GR-45110, Greece
| | - Gábor Mező
- Eötvös Loránd University, Faculty of Science, Institute of Chemistry, Pázmány P. stny. 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. stny. 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andreas G Tzakos
- University of Ioannina, Department of Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ioannina, GR-45110, Greece
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Tripodi AAP, Tóth S, Enyedi KN, Schlosser G, Szakács G, Mező G. Development of novel cyclic NGR peptide-daunomycin conjugates with dual targeting property. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:911-918. [PMID: 29765472 PMCID: PMC5942373 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic NGR peptides as homing devices are good candidates for the development of drug conjugates for targeted tumor therapy. In our previous study we reported that the Dau=Aoa-GFLGK(c[KNGRE]-GG-)-NH2 conjugate has a significant antitumor activity against both CD13+ HT-1080 human fibrosarcoma and CD13- but integrin positive HT-29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells. However, it seems that the free ε-amino group of Lys in the cycle is not necessary for the biological activity. Therefore, we developed novel cyclic NGR peptide-daunomycin conjugates in which Lys was replaced by different amino acids (Ala, Leu, Nle, Pro, Ser). The exchange of the Lys residue in the cycle simplified the cyclization step and resulted in a higher yield. The new conjugates showed lower chemostability against deamidation of Asn than the control compound, thus they had lower selectivity to CD13+ cells. However, the cellular uptake and cytotoxic effect of Dau=Aoa-GFLGK(c[NleNGRE]-GG-)-NH2 was higher in comparison to the control especially on HT-29 cells. Therefore, this conjugate is more suitable for drug targeting with dual targeting property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Angelo Pierluigi Tripodi
- Eötvös Loránd University, Faculty of Science, Institute of Chemistry, Pázmány P. stny. 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. stny. 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilárd Tóth
- Institute of Enzimology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kata Nóra Enyedi
- Eötvös Loránd University, Faculty of Science, Institute of Chemistry, Pázmány P. stny. 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. stny. 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gitta Schlosser
- Eötvös Loránd University, Faculty of Science, Institute of Chemistry, Pázmány P. stny. 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. stny. 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergely Szakács
- Institute of Enzimology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.,Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gábor Mező
- Eötvös Loránd University, Faculty of Science, Institute of Chemistry, Pázmány P. stny. 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. stny. 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
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30
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Schuster S, Biri-Kovács B, Szeder B, Farkas V, Buday L, Szabó Z, Halmos G, Mező G. Synthesis and in vitro biochemical evaluation of oxime bond-linked daunorubicin-GnRH-III conjugates developed for targeted drug delivery. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:756-771. [PMID: 29719573 PMCID: PMC5905287 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gonadotropin releasing hormone-III (GnRH-III), a native isoform of the human GnRH isolated from sea lamprey, specifically binds to GnRH receptors on cancer cells enabling its application as targeting moieties for anticancer drugs. Recently, we reported on the identification of a novel daunorubicin–GnRH-III conjugate (GnRH-III–[4Lys(Bu), 8Lys(Dau=Aoa)] with efficient in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity. To get a deeper insight into the mechanism of action of our lead compound, the cellular uptake was followed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Hereby, the drug daunorubicin could be visualized in different subcellular compartments by following the localization of the drug in a time-dependent manner. Colocalization studies were carried out to prove the presence of the drug in lysosomes (early stage) and on its site of action (nuclei after 10 min). Additional flow cytometry studies demonstrated that the cellular uptake of the bioconjugate was inhibited in the presence of the competitive ligand triptorelin indicating a receptor-mediated pathway. For comparative purpose, six novel daunorubicin–GnRH-III bioconjugates have been synthesized and biochemically characterized in which 6Asp was replaced by D-Asp, D-Glu and D-Trp. In addition to the analysis of the in vitro cytostatic effect and cellular uptake, receptor binding studies with 125I-triptorelin as radiotracer and degradation of the GnRH-III conjugates in the presence of rat liver lysosomal homogenate have been performed. All derivatives showed high binding affinities to GnRH receptors and displayed in vitro cytostatic effects on HT-29 and MCF-7 cancer cells with IC50 values in a low micromolar range. Moreover, we found that the release of the active drug metabolite and the cellular uptake of the bioconjugates were strongly affected by the amino acid exchange which in turn had an impact on the antitumor activity of the bioconjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Schuster
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös L. University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary.,Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös L. University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beáta Biri-Kovács
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös L. University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary.,Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös L. University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bálint Szeder
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Enzymology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Viktor Farkas
- MTA-ELTE Protein Modelling Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös L. University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Buday
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Enzymology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Szabó
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gábor Halmos
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gábor Mező
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös L. University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary.,Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös L. University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
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31
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Lelle M, Freidel C, Kaloyanova S, Müllen K, Peneva K. Multivalency: Key Feature in Overcoming Drug Resistance with a Cleavable Cell-Penetrating Peptide-Doxorubicin Conjugate. Int J Pept Res Ther 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-017-9622-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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32
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Pifferi C, Daskhan GC, Fiore M, Shiao TC, Roy R, Renaudet O. Aminooxylated Carbohydrates: Synthesis and Applications. Chem Rev 2017; 117:9839-9873. [PMID: 28682060 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Among other classes of biomolecules, carbohydrates and glycoconjugates are widely involved in numerous biological functions. In addition to addressing the related synthetic challenges, glycochemists have invested intense efforts in providing access to structures that can be used to study, activate, or inhibit these biological processes. Over the past few decades, aminooxylated carbohydrates have been found to be key building blocks for achieving these goals. This review provides the first in-depth overview covering several aspects related to the syntheses and applications of aminooxylated carbohydrates. After a brief introduction to oxime bonds and their relative stabilities compared to related C═N functions, synthetic aspects of oxime ligation and methodologies for introducing the aminooxy functionality onto both glycofuranosyls and glycopyranosyls are described. The subsequent section focuses on biological applications involving aminooxylated carbohydrates as components for the construcion of diverse architectures. Mimetics of natural structures represent useful tools for better understanding the features that drive carbohydrate-receptor interaction, their biological output and they also represent interesting structures with improved stability and tunable properties. In the next section, multivalent structures such as glycoclusters and glycodendrimers obtained through oxime ligation are described in terms of synthetic design and their biological applications such as immunomodulators. The second-to-last section discusses miscellaneous applications of oxime-based glycoconjugates, such as enantioselective catalysis and glycosylated oligonucleotides, and conclusions and perspectives are provided in the last section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Pifferi
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM UMR 5250 , F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Gour Chand Daskhan
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM UMR 5250 , F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Michele Fiore
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM UMR 5250 , F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Tze Chieh Shiao
- Pharmaqam, Department of Chemistry, Université du Québec à Montreal , P.O. Box 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - René Roy
- Pharmaqam, Department of Chemistry, Université du Québec à Montreal , P.O. Box 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Olivier Renaudet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM UMR 5250 , F-38000 Grenoble, France.,Institut Universitaire de France , 103 Boulevard Saint-Michel, 75005 Paris, France
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Enyedi KN, Tóth S, Szakács G, Mező G. NGR-peptide-drug conjugates with dual targeting properties. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178632. [PMID: 28575020 PMCID: PMC5456102 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptides containing the asparagine-glycine-arginine (NGR) motif are recognized by CD13/aminopeptidase N (APN) receptor isoforms that are selectively overexpressed in tumor neovasculature. Spontaneous decomposition of NGR peptides can result in isoAsp derivatives, which are recognized by RGD-binding integrins that are essential for tumor metastasis. Peptides binding to CD13 and RGD-binding integrins provide tumor-homing, which can be exploited for dual targeted delivery of anticancer drugs. We synthesized small cyclic NGR peptide-daunomycin conjugates using NGR peptides of varying stability (c[KNGRE]-NH2, Ac-c[CNGRC]-NH2 and the thioether bond containing c[CH2-CO-NGRC]-NH2, c[CH2-CO-KNGRC]-NH2). The cytotoxic effect of the novel cyclic NGR peptide-Dau conjugates were examined in vitro on CD13 positive HT-1080 (human fibrosarcoma) and CD13 negative HT-29 (human colon adenocarcinoma) cell lines. Our results confirm the influence of structure on the antitumor activity and dual acting properties of the conjugates. Attachment of the drug through an enzyme-labile spacer to the C-terminus of cyclic NGR peptide resulted in higher antitumor activity on both CD13 positive and negative cells as compared to the branching versions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kata Nóra Enyedi
- Eötvös Loránd University, Faculty of Science, Institute of Chemistry, Pázmány P. sétány 1/A, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilárd Tóth
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergely Szakács
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gábor Mező
- Eötvös Loránd University, Faculty of Science, Institute of Chemistry, Pázmány P. sétány 1/A, Budapest, Hungary
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34
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Baranyai Z, Krátký M, Vosátka R, Szabó E, Senoner Z, Dávid S, Stolaříková J, Vinšová J, Bősze S. In vitro biological evaluation of new antimycobacterial salicylanilide-tuftsin conjugates. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 133:152-173. [PMID: 28384546 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, an intracellular pathogen that can survive in host cells, mainly in macrophages. An increase of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis qualifies this infectious disease as a major public health problem worldwide. The cellular uptake of the antimycobacterial agents by infected host cells is limited. Our approach is to enhance the cellular uptake of the antituberculars by target cell-directed delivery using drug-peptide conjugates to achieve an increased intracellular efficacy. In this study, salicylanilide derivatives (2-hydroxy-N-phenylbenzamides) with remarkable antimycobacterial activity were conjugated to macrophage receptor specific tuftsin based peptide carriers through oxime bond directly or by insertion of a GFLG tetrapeptide spacer. We have found that the in vitro antimycobacterial activity of the salicylanilides against M. tuberculosis H37Rv is preserved in the conjugates. While the free drug was ineffective on infected macrophage model, the conjugates were active against the intracellular bacteria. The fluorescently labelled peptide carriers that were modified with different fatty acid side chains showed outstanding cellular uptake rate to the macrophage model cells. The conjugation of the salicylanilides to tuftsin based carriers reduced or abolished the in vitro cytostatic activity of the free drugs with the exception of the palmitoylated conjugates. The conjugates degraded in the presence of rat liver lysosomal homogenate leading to the formation of an oxime bond-linked salicylanilide-amino acid fragment as the smallest active metabolite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsa Baranyai
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, P.O. Box 32, 1518, H-1117 Budapest 112, Hungary.
| | - Martin Krátký
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Rudolf Vosátka
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Eleonóra Szabó
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Korányi National Institute for Tuberculosis and Respiratory Medicine, Pihenő út 1, Budapest H-1122, Hungary.
| | - Zsuzsanna Senoner
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Korányi National Institute for Tuberculosis and Respiratory Medicine, Pihenő út 1, Budapest H-1122, Hungary.
| | - Sándor Dávid
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, P.O. Box 32, 1518, H-1117 Budapest 112, Hungary; Laboratory of Bacteriology, Korányi National Institute for Tuberculosis and Respiratory Medicine, Pihenő út 1, Budapest H-1122, Hungary
| | - Jiřina Stolaříková
- Laboratory for Mycobacterial Diagnostics and Tuberculosis, Regional Institute of Public Health in Ostrava, Partyzánské náměstí 7, 702 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic.
| | - Jarmila Vinšová
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Szilvia Bősze
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, P.O. Box 32, 1518, H-1117 Budapest 112, Hungary.
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35
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Karampelas T, Skavatsou E, Argyros O, Fokas D, Tamvakopoulos C. Gemcitabine Based Peptide Conjugate with Improved Metabolic Properties and Dual Mode of Efficacy. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:674-685. [PMID: 28099809 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Gemcitabine is a clinically established anticancer agent potent in various solid tumors but limited by its rapid metabolic inactivation and off-target toxicity. We have previously generated a metabolically superior to gemcitabine molecule (GSG) by conjugating gemcitabine to a gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor (GnRH-R) ligand peptide and showed that GSG was efficacious in a castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) animal model. The current article provides an in-depth metabolic and mechanistic study of GSG, coupled with toxicity assays that strengthen the potential role of GSG in the clinic. LC-MS/MS based approaches were employed to delineate the metabolism of GSG, its mechanistic cellular uptake, and release of gemcitabine and to quantitate the intracellular levels of gemcitabine and its metabolites (active dFdCTP and inactive dFdU) resulting from GSG. The GnRH-R agonistic potential of GSG was investigated by quantifying the testosterone levels in animals dosed daily with GSG, while an in vitro colony forming assay together with in vivo whole blood measurements were performed to elucidate the hematotoxicity profile of GSG. Stability showed that the major metabolite of GSG is a more stable nonapeptide that could prolong gemcitabine's bioavailability. GSG acted as a prodrug and offered a metabolic advantage compared to gemcitabine by generating higher and steadier levels of dFdCTP/dFdU ratio, while intracellular release of gemcitabine from GSG in DU145 CRPC cells depended on nucleoside transporters. Daily administrations in mice showed that GSG is a potent GnRH-R agonist that can also cause testosterone ablation without any observed hematotoxicity. In summary, GSG could offer a powerful and unique pharmacological approach to prostate cancer treatment: a single nontoxic molecule that can be used to reach the tumor site selectively with superior to gemcitabine metabolism, biodistribution, and safety while also agonistically ablating testosterone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros Karampelas
- Division of Pharmacology-Pharmacotechnology, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens , 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Skavatsou
- Division of Pharmacology-Pharmacotechnology, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens , 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Orestis Argyros
- Division of Pharmacology-Pharmacotechnology, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens , 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Demosthenes Fokas
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina , 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Constantin Tamvakopoulos
- Division of Pharmacology-Pharmacotechnology, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens , 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 11527 Athens, Greece
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36
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Gong G, Liu W, Wang S. Self-assembled albumin nanoparticles as a nanocarrier for aclacinomycin A. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:465602. [PMID: 27749275 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/46/465602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to reduce the cytotoxicity and improve the targeting of aclacinomycin (ACM) by covalently coupling it with amino-oxyacetic acid (AOA) to generate an active intermediate, AOA-ACM. AOA-ACM was conjugated with self-assembled human serum albumin (HSA) nanoparticles constructed using tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP) as disulfide bond breaking molecules in an 'opening stage-intermediate-closing stage' route, in which the hydrophobic interaction, interchange of sulfhydryl and hydrogen bond may be the key factors in the assembling process. Conjugation between ACM and albumin nanoparticles was found to occur at an ACM ketone site using 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass analysis indicated that the drug loading efficiency of ACM conjugated with HSA nanoparticles (NPs-ACM) was 7.4% (molar ratio = 6:1). The release of NPs-ACM was pH dependent. In vivo studies indicated that NPs-ACM exhibited fourfold higher tumor targeting capability on S180-tumor-bearing mice compared with the free ACM (p < 0.05). The cytotoxictiy and cardiotoxicity of NPs-ACM was reduced compared with the free ACM. Albumin carrier altered the blood pharmacokinetics and distribution of ACM. Hence, the NPs-ACM prodrug is ideal tumor targeting drug carriers for ACM, and the easy approach developed in this study for active intermediate and prodrug preparation can be applied to other pharmacological substances containing ketone groups. The method of preparing HSA-blank nanoparticles through TCEP reduction could be adopted to improve the water solubility of lipophilic drugs and their tumor-targeting specificity by fabricating HSA-lipophilic drug nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangming Gong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, People's Republic of China
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37
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Hegedüs R, Pauschert A, Orbán E, Szabó I, Andreu D, Marquardt A, Mező G, Manea M. Modification of daunorubicin-GnRH-III bioconjugates with oligoethylene glycol derivatives to improve solubility and bioavailability for targeted cancer chemotherapy. Biopolymers 2016; 104:167-77. [PMID: 25753049 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Daunorubicin-GnRH-III bioconjugates have recently been developed as drug delivery systems with potential applications in targeted cancer chemotherapy. In order to improve their biochemical properties, several strategies have been pursued: (1) incorporation of an enzymatic cleavable spacer between the anticancer drug and the peptide-based targeting moiety, (2) peptide modification by short chain fatty acids, or (3) attachment of two anticancer drugs to the same GnRH-III derivative. Although these modifications led to more potent bioconjugates, a decrease in their solubility was observed. Here we report on the design, synthesis and biochemical characterization of daunorubicin-GnRH-III bioconjugates with increased solubility, which could be achieved by incorporating oligoethylene glycol-based spacers in their structure. First, we have evaluated the effect of an oligoethylene glycol-based spacer on the solubility, enzymatic stability/degradation, cellular uptake, and in vitro cytostatic effect of a bioconjugate containing only one daunorubicin attached through a GFLG tetrapeptide spacer to the GnRH-III targeting moiety. Thereafter, more complex compounds containing two copies of daunorubicin, GFLG spacers as well as Lys(nBu) in position 4 of GnRH-III were synthesized and biochemically characterized. Our results indicated that all synthesized oligoethylene glycol-containing bioconjugates had higher solubility in cell culture medium than the unmodified analogs. They were degraded in the presence of rat liver lysosomal homogenate leading to the formation of small drug containing metabolites. In the case of bioconjugates containing two copies of daunorubicin, the incorporation of oligoethylene glycol-based spacers led to increased in vitro cytostatic effect on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rózsa Hegedüs
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Eötvös L. University, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Aline Pauschert
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Erika Orbán
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Eötvös L. University, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Szabó
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Eötvös L. University, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - David Andreu
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andreas Marquardt
- Proteomics Facility, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Gábor Mező
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Eötvös L. University, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Marilena Manea
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.,Zukunftskolleg, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
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38
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Investigations on the cell metabolomics basis of multidrug resistance from tumor cells by ultra-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:5843-5854. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9696-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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39
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Kapuvári B, Hegedüs R, Schulcz Á, Manea M, Tóvári J, Gacs A, Vincze B, Mező G. Improved in vivo antitumor effect of a daunorubicin - GnRH-III bioconjugate modified by apoptosis inducing agent butyric acid on colorectal carcinoma bearing mice. Invest New Drugs 2016; 34:416-23. [PMID: 27146514 PMCID: PMC4919375 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-016-0354-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Compared to classical chemotherapy, peptide-based drug targeting is a promising therapeutic approach for cancer, which can provide increased selectivity and decreased side effects to anticancer drugs. Among various homing devices, gonadotropin-releasing hormone-III (GnRH-III) peptide represents a suitable targeting moiety, in particular in the treatment of hormone independent tumors that highly express GnRH receptors (e.g. colon carcinoma). We have previously shown that GnRH-III[4Lys(Ac),8Lys(Dau = Aoa)] bioconjugate, in which daunorubicin was attached via oxime linkage to the 8Lys of a GnRH-III derivative, exerted significant in vivo antitumor effect on subcutaneously developed HT-29 colon tumor. In contrast, results of the study reported here indicated that this compound was not active on an orthotopically developed tumor. However, if Lys in position 4 was acylated with butyric acid instead of acetic acid, the resulting bioconjugate GnRH-III[4Lys(Bu),8Lys(Dau = Aoa)] had significant tumor growth inhibitory effect. Furthermore, it prevented tumor neovascularization, without detectable side effects. Nevertheless, the development of metastases could not be inhibited by the bioconjugate; therefore, its application in combination with a metastasis preventive agent might be necessary in order to achieve complete tumor remission. In spite of this result, the treatment with GnRH-III[4Lys(Bu),8Lys(Dau = Aoa)] bioconjugate proved to have significant benefits over the administration of free daunorubicin, which was used at the maximum tolerated dose.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rózsa Hegedüs
- MTA-ELTE, Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Pázmány P. stny. 1/A, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Ákos Schulcz
- National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, 1122, Hungary
| | - Marilena Manea
- Department of Chemistry and Zukunftskolleg, University of Konstanz, 78457, Constance, Germany
| | - József Tóvári
- National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, 1122, Hungary
| | | | | | - Gábor Mező
- MTA-ELTE, Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Pázmány P. stny. 1/A, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
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40
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Lelle M, Kaloyanova S, Freidel C, Theodoropoulou M, Musheev M, Niehrs C, Stalla G, Peneva K. Octreotide-Mediated Tumor-Targeted Drug Delivery via a Cleavable Doxorubicin-Peptide Conjugate. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:4290-300. [PMID: 26524088 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Although recent methods for targeted drug delivery have addressed many of the existing problems of cancer therapy associated with undesirable side effects, significant challenges remain that have to be met before they find significant clinical relevance. One such area is the delicate chemical bond that is applied to connect a cytotoxic drug with targeting moieties like antibodies or peptides. Here we describe a novel platform that can be utilized for the preparation of drug-carrier conjugates in a site-specific manner, which provides excellent versatility and enables triggered release inside cancer cells. Its key feature is a cleavable doxorubicin-octreotide bioconjugate that targets overexpressed somatostatin receptors on tumor cells, where the coupling between the two components was achieved through the first cleavable disulfide-intercalating linker. The tumor targeting ability and suppression of adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion in AtT-20 cells by both octreotide and the doxorubicin hybrid were determined via a specific radioimmunoassay. Both substances reduced the hormone secretion to a similar extent, which demonstrated that the tumor homing peptide is able to interact with the relevant cell surface receptors after the attachment of the drug. Effective drug release was quickly accomplished in the presence of the physiological reducing agent glutathione. We also demonstrate the relevance of this scaffold in biological context in cytotoxicity assays with pituitary, pancreatic, and breast cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Lelle
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefka Kaloyanova
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Christoph Freidel
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Michael Musheev
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Ackermannweg 4, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Christof Niehrs
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Ackermannweg 4, 55128 Mainz, Germany.,Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance , 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Günter Stalla
- Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry, Kraepelinstraße 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Kalina Peneva
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.,Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Lessingstrasse 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
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41
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Liposome-based glioma targeted drug delivery enabled by stable peptide ligands. J Control Release 2015; 218:13-21. [PMID: 26428462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of glioma is one of the most challenging tasks in clinic. As an intracranial tumor, glioma exhibits many distinctive characteristics from other tumors. In particular, various barriers including enzymatic barriers in the blood and brain capillary endothelial cells, blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-brain tumor barrier (BBTB) rigorously prevent drug and drug delivery systems from reaching the tumor site. To tackle this dilemma, we developed a liposomal formulation to circumvent multiple-barriers by modifying the liposome surface with proteolytically stable peptides, (D)CDX and c(RGDyK). (D)CDX is a D-peptide ligand of nicotine acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) on the BBB, and c(RGDyK) is a ligand of integrin highly expressed on the BBTB and glioma cells. Lysosomal compartments of brain capillary endothelial cells are implicated in the transcytosis of those liposomes. However, both peptide ligands displayed exceptional stability in lysosomal homogenate, ensuring that intact ligands could exert subsequent exocytosis from brain capillary endothelial cells and glioma targeting. In the cellular uptake studies, dually labeled liposomes could target both brain capillary endothelial cells and tumor cells, effectively traversing the BBB and BBTB monolayers, overcoming enzymatic barrier and targeting three-dimensional tumor spheroids. Its targeting ability to intracranial glioma was further verified in vivo by ex vivo imaging and histological studies. As a result, doxorubicin liposomes modified with both (D)CDX and c(RGDyK) presented better anti-glioma effect with prolonged median survival of nude mice bearing glioma than did unmodified liposomes and liposomes modified with individual peptide ligand. In conclusion, the liposome suggested in the present study could effectively overcome multi-barriers and accomplish glioma targeted drug delivery, validating its potential value in improving the therapeutic efficacy of doxorubicin for glioma.
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42
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Wu W, Dong Y, Gao J, Gong M, Zhang X, Kong W, Li Y, Zeng Y, Si D, Wei Z, Ci X, Jiang L, Li W, Li Q, Yi X, Liu C. Aspartate-modified doxorubicin on its N-terminal increases drug accumulation in LAT1-overexpressing tumors. Cancer Sci 2015; 106:747-756. [PMID: 25867020 PMCID: PMC4471785 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1), overexpressed on the membrane of various tumor cells, is a potential target for tumor-targeting therapy. This study aimed to develop a LAT1-mediated chemotherapeutic agent. We screened doxorubicin modified by seven different large neutral amino acids. The aspartate-modified doxorubicin (Asp-DOX) showed the highest affinity (Km = 41.423 μmol/L) to LAT1. Aspartate was attached to the N-terminal of DOX by the amide bond with a free carboxyl and a free amino group on the α-carbon atom of the Asp residue. The product Asp-DOX was characterized by HPLC/MS. In vitro, Asp-DOX exerted stronger inhibition on the cancer cells overexpressing LAT1 and the uptake of Asp-DOX was approximately 3.5-fold higher than that of DOX in HepG2 cells. Pharmacokinetic data also showed that Asp-DOX was expressed over a longer circulation time (t1/2 = 49.14 min) in the blood compared to DOX alone (t1/2 = 15.12 min). In HepG2 and HCT116 tumor-bearing mice, Asp-DOX achieved 3.1-fold and 6.4-fold accumulation of drugs in tumor tissue, respectively, than those of the unmodified DOX. More importantly, treatment of tumor-bearing mice with Asp-DOX showed a significantly stronger inhibition of tumor growth than mice treated with free DOX in HepG2 tumor models. Furthermore, after Asp modification, Asp-DOX avoided MDR mediated by P-glycoprotein. These results suggested that the Asp-DOX modified drug may provide a new treatment strategy for tumors that overexpress LAT1 and MDR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidang Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Weiling Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China
| | - Yazhuo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China
| | - Yong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China
| | - Duanyun Si
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China
| | - Zihong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ci
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China
| | - Lixin Jiang
- Hefei Tianmai Biotechnology Development Co., Ltd, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China
| | - Quansheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiulin Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China
| | - Changxiao Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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43
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Szabó I, Bősze S, Orbán E, Sipos É, Halmos G, Kovács M, Mező G. Comparative in vitro biological evaluation of daunorubicin containing GnRH-I and GnRH-II conjugates developed for tumor targeting. J Pept Sci 2015; 21:426-35. [PMID: 25908176 DOI: 10.1002/psc.2775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hormone based drug targeting is a promising tool for selective tumor therapy. In this study, synthesis and systematic comparative biological evaluation of novel drug containing analogs of gonadotropin-releasing hormone GnRH-I and GnRH-II is reported demonstrating their suitability for tumor targeting. The cytotoxic conjugates were prepared by the attachment of the chemotherapeutical agent daunorubicin (Dau) to GnRH analogs directly or through an enzyme-labile spacer with oxime linkage. All conjugates were found to be proteolytically stable under circumstances applied in biological assays. Both GnRH-I and GnRH-II were able to bind similarly to high-affinity GnRH-I receptors on human pituitary and human prostate cancer cells. The in vitro long-term cytotoxic effect of the conjugates was comparable with that of the free drug in human breast and colon cancer cell lines. Furthermore, a concentration-dependent cellular uptake profile was observed. The in vitro apoptotic effect of the compounds was evaluated by flow cytometry analysis using annexin-V. Our results show that both the GnRH-I and the GnRH-II based analogs might be applied for targeted tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildikó Szabó
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös L. University, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
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44
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Wang C, Ma Y, Feng S, Liu K, Zhou N. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor-targeted paclitaxel-degarelix conjugate: synthesis and in vitro
evaluation. J Pept Sci 2015; 21:569-76. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.2769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures; Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Beijing 100850 China
| | - Yongtao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures; Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Beijing 100850 China
| | - Siliang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures; Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Beijing 100850 China
| | - Keliang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures; Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Beijing 100850 China
| | - Ning Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures; Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Beijing 100850 China
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45
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Böhme D, Beck-Sickinger AG. Drug delivery and release systems for targeted tumor therapy. J Pept Sci 2015; 21:186-200. [PMID: 25703117 DOI: 10.1002/psc.2753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Most toxic agents currently used for chemotherapy show a narrow therapeutic window, because of their inability to distinguish between healthy and cancer cells. Targeted drug delivery offers the possibility to overcome this issue by selectively addressing structures on the surface of cancer cells, therefore reducing undesired side effects. In this broad field, peptide-drug conjugates linked by intracellular cleavable structures have evolved as highly promising agents. They can specifically deliver toxophores to tumor cells by targeting distinct receptors overexpressed in cancer. In this review, we focus on these compounds and describe important factors to develop a highly efficient peptide-drug conjugate. The necessary properties of tumor-targeting peptides are described, and the different options for cleavable linkers used to connect toxic agents and peptides are discussed, and synthetic considerations for the introduction of these structures are reported. Furthermore, recent examples and current developments of peptide-drug conjugates are critically evaluated with a special focus on the applied linker structures and their future use in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Böhme
- Institute of Biochemistry, Universität Leipzig, Brüderstraße 34, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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46
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Montagnani Marelli M, Manea M, Moretti RM, Marzagalli M, Limonta P. Oxime bond-linked daunorubicin-GnRH-III bioconjugates exert antitumor activity in castration-resistant prostate cancer cells via the type I GnRH receptor. Int J Oncol 2014; 46:243-53. [PMID: 25351635 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors (GnRH-R) are expressed in different types of cancers, including castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and mediate the antiproliferative effect of GnRH analogs. Thus, these compounds are employed as targeting moieties to selectively deliver chemotherapeutic agents to cancer cells. GnRH-III, the decapeptide isolated from the sea lamprey brain, has lower potency than GnRH in stimulating gonadotropin secretion, but it exerts antiproliferative effects on many tumors expressing the GnRH-R. GnRH-III-based peptides are considered promising targeting moieties for the preparation of anticancer drug delivery systems. These studies were aimed at i) evaluating the antitumor activity of two cytotoxic oxime bond-linked daunorubicin (Dau)-GnRH-III derivative bioconjugates (Dau-GnRH-III, in which daunorubicin was coupled to the 8Lys in the native form of GnRH-III, and Dau-[4Lys(Ac)]-GnRH-III, in which daunorubicin was attached to the 8Lys of a GnRH-III derivative where 4Ser was replaced by an acetylated lysine) on CRPC cells; and ii) to elucidate the involvement of the classical GnRH-R (type I GnRH-R) in this antitumor activity. Our results demonstrated that both Dau-GnRH-III and Dau-[4Lys(Ac)]-GnRH-III were rapidly internalized into DU145 prostate cancer cells and exerted a significant cytostatic effect. Both bioconjugates increased the levels of the active form of caspase-3, indicating the involvement of apoptosis in their antitumor activity. The antiproliferative effect of both Dau-GnRH-III and Dau-[4Lys(Ac)]-GnRH-III was counteracted by the simultaneous treatment of the cells with Antide, an antagonist of the GnRH-R. Moreover, after silencing the type I GnRH-R the antitumor activity of both bioconjugates was completely abolished. These data demonstrate that in CRPC cells, daunorubicin-GnRH-III derivative bioconjugates: i) inhibit tumor cell proliferation, by triggering the apoptosis process; ii) exert their antitumor effect through the activation of the type I GnRH-R expressed on these cells. Cytotoxic-GnRH-III derivative may represent promising targeted chemotherapeutics for the treatment of CRPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marilena Manea
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Roberta M Moretti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Marzagalli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Limonta
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, I-20133 Milan, Italy
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47
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Schreier VN, Pethő L, Orbán E, Marquardt A, Petre BA, Mező G, Manea M. Protein expression profile of HT-29 human colon cancer cells after treatment with a cytotoxic daunorubicin-GnRH-III derivative bioconjugate. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94041. [PMID: 24718594 PMCID: PMC3981732 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic agents is a new approach for the treatment of cancer, which provides increased selectivity and decreased systemic toxicity. We have recently developed a promising drug delivery system, in which the anticancer drug daunorubicin (Dau) was attached via oxime bond to a gonadotropin-releasing hormone-III (GnRH-III) derivative used as a targeting moiety (Glp-His-Trp-Lys(Ac)-His-Asp-Trp-Lys(Dau = Aoa)-Pro-Gly-NH2; Glp = pyroglutamic acid, Ac = acetyl; Aoa = aminooxyacetyl). This bioconjugate exerted in vitro cytostatic/cytotoxic effect on human breast, prostate and colon cancer cells, as well as significant in vivo tumor growth inhibitory effect on colon carcinoma bearing mice. In our previous studies, H-Lys(Dau = Aoa)-OH was identified as the smallest metabolite produced in the presence of rat liver lysosomal homogenate, which was able to bind to DNA in vitro. To get a deeper insight into the mechanism of action of the bioconjugate, changes in the protein expression profile of HT-29 human colon cancer cells after treatment with the bioconjugate or free daunorubicin were investigated by mass spectrometry-based proteomics. Our results indicate that several metabolism-related proteins, molecular chaperons and proteins involved in signaling are differently expressed after targeted chemotherapeutic treatment, leading to the conclusion that the bioconjugate exerts its cytotoxic action by interfering with multiple intracellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lilla Pethő
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Erika Orbán
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | - Gábor Mező
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Marilena Manea
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Zukunftskolleg, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- * E-mail:
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48
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Lelle M, Frick SU, Steinbrink K, Peneva K. Novel cleavable cell-penetrating peptide-drug conjugates: synthesis and characterization. J Pept Sci 2014; 20:323-33. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.2617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Lelle
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry; Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Stefanie U. Frick
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry; Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center; Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz; Langenbeckstrasse 1 55131 Mainz Germany
| | - Kerstin Steinbrink
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center; Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz; Langenbeckstrasse 1 55131 Mainz Germany
| | - Kalina Peneva
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry; Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
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49
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Jia P, Zhao Y, Wu S, Wu J, Gao S, Tong Y, Wang Y. The novel fusion proteins, GnRH-p53 and GnRHIII-p53, expression and their anti-tumor effect. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79384. [PMID: 24223939 PMCID: PMC3817058 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
p53, one of the most well studied tumor suppressor factor, is responsible to a variety of damage owing to the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the tumor cells. More than 50% of human tumors contain mutation or deletion of p53. Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH), as the ligand of Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRH-R), was used to deliver p53 into tumor cells. The p53 fusion proteins GnRH-p53 and GnRH iii-p53 were expressed and their targeted anti-tumor effects were determined. GnRH mediates its fusion proteins transformation into cancer cells. The intracellular delivery of p53 fusion proteins exerted the inhibition of the growth of H1299 cells in vitro and the reduction of tumor volume in vivo. Their anti-tumor effect was functioned by the apoptosis and cell cycle arrest induced by p53. Hence, the fusion protein could be a novel protein drug for anti-tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyuan Jia
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoping Wu
- Beijing Center of Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Junhua Wu
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Gao
- Beijing Center of Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Tong
- Beijing Center of Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxia Wang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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50
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Lin F, Yu J, Tang W, Zheng J, Defante A, Guo K, Wesdemiotis C, Becker ML. Peptide-functionalized oxime hydrogels with tunable mechanical properties and gelation behavior. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:3749-58. [PMID: 24050500 DOI: 10.1021/bm401133r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate the formation of polyethylene glycol (PEG) based hydrogels via oxime ligation and the photoinitiated thiol-ene 3D patterning of peptides within the hydrogel matrix postgelation. The gelation process and final mechanical strength of the hydrogels can be tuned using pH and the catalyst concentration. The time scale to reach the gel point and complete gelation can be shortened from hours to seconds using both pH and aniline catalyst, which facilitates the tuning of the storage modulus from 0.3 to over 15 kPa. Azide- and alkene-functionalized hydrogels were also synthesized, and we have shown the post gelation "click"-type Huisgen 1,3 cycloaddition and thiolene-based radical reactions for spatially defined peptide incorporation. These materials are the initial demonstration for translationally relevant hydrogel materials that possess tunable mechanical regimes attractive to soft tissue engineering and possess atom neutral chemistries attractive for post gelation patterning in the presence or absence of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Lin
- Departments of †Polymer Science and ‡Chemistry, The University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
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