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Peptides Isolated from Amphibian Skin Secretions with Emphasis on Antimicrobial Peptides. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14100722. [PMID: 36287990 PMCID: PMC9607450 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14100722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin of amphibians is a tissue with biological functions, such as defense, respiration, and excretion. In recent years, researchers have discovered a large number of peptides in the skin secretions of amphibians, including antimicrobial peptides, antioxidant peptides, bradykinins, insulin-releasing peptides, and other peptides. This review focuses on the origin, primary structure, secondary structure, length, and functions of peptides secreted from amphibians' skin. We hope that this review will provide further information and promote the further study of amphibian skin secretions, in order to provide reference for expanding the research and application of amphibian bioactive peptides.
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Tan LA, Vaughan JM, Perrin MH, Rivier JE, Sawchenko PE. Distribution of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptor binding in the mouse brain using a new, high-affinity radioligand, [125I]-PD-Sauvagine. J Comp Neurol 2017; 525:3840-3864. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.24307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura A. Tan
- Laboratory of Neuronal Structure and Function; The Salk Institute for Biological Studies; La Jolla CA
| | - Joan M. Vaughan
- Laboratory of Neuronal Structure and Function; The Salk Institute for Biological Studies; La Jolla CA
- Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies; La Jolla CA
| | - Marilyn H. Perrin
- Laboratory of Neuronal Structure and Function; The Salk Institute for Biological Studies; La Jolla CA
- Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies; La Jolla CA
| | - Jean E. Rivier
- Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies; La Jolla CA
| | - Paul E. Sawchenko
- Laboratory of Neuronal Structure and Function; The Salk Institute for Biological Studies; La Jolla CA
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Erchegyi J, Wang L, Gulyas J, Samant M, Perrin MH, Lewis K, Miller C, Vaughan J, Donaldson C, Fischer W, Low W, Yakabi S, Karasawa H, Taché Y, Rivier C, Rivier J. Characterization of Multisubstituted Corticotropin Releasing Factor (CRF) Peptide Antagonists (Astressins). J Med Chem 2016; 59:854-66. [PMID: 26789203 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
CRF mediates numerous stress-related endocrine, autonomic, metabolic, and behavioral responses. We present the synthesis and chemical and biological properties of astressin B analogues {cyclo(30-33)[D-Phe(12),Nle(21,38),C(α)MeLeu(27,40),Glu(30),Lys(33)]-acetyl-h/r-CRF(9-41)}. Out of 37 novel peptides, 17 (2, 4, 6-8, 10, 11, 16, 17, 27, 29, 30, 32-36) and 16 (3, 5, 9, 12-15, 18, 19, 22-26, 28, 31) had k(i) to CRF receptors in the high picomolar and low nanomole ranges, respectively. Peptides 1, 2, and 11 inhibited h/rCRF and urocortin 1-induced cAMP release from AtT20 and A7r5 cells. When Astressin C 2 was administered to adrenalectomized rats at 1.0 mg subcutaneously, it inhibited ACTH release for >7 d. Additional rat data based on the inhibitory effect of (2) on h/rCRF-induced stimulation of colonic secretory motor activity and urocortin 2-induced delayed gastric emptying also indicate a safe and long-lasting antagonistic effect. The overall properties of selected analogues may fulfill the criteria expected from clinical candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Erchegyi
- The Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies , 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Lixin Wang
- Department of Medicine, CURE/Digestive Diseases Center, Digestive Diseases Division, University of California at Los Angeles, and Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California 90073, United States
| | - Jozsef Gulyas
- The Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies , 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Manoj Samant
- The Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies , 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Marilyn H Perrin
- The Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies , 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Kathy Lewis
- The Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies , 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Charleen Miller
- The Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies , 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Joan Vaughan
- The Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies , 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Cynthia Donaldson
- The Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies , 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Wolfgang Fischer
- The Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies , 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - William Low
- The Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies , 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Seiichi Yakabi
- Department of Medicine, CURE/Digestive Diseases Center, Digestive Diseases Division, University of California at Los Angeles, and Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California 90073, United States
| | - Hiroshi Karasawa
- Department of Medicine, CURE/Digestive Diseases Center, Digestive Diseases Division, University of California at Los Angeles, and Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California 90073, United States
| | - Yvette Taché
- Department of Medicine, CURE/Digestive Diseases Center, Digestive Diseases Division, University of California at Los Angeles, and Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California 90073, United States
| | - Catherine Rivier
- The Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies , 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jean Rivier
- The Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies , 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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Perrin MH, Tan LA, Vaughan JM, Lewis KA, Donaldson CJ, Miller C, Erchegyi J, Rivier JE, Sawchenko PE. Characterization of a Pachymedusa dacnicolor-Sauvagine analog as a new high-affinity radioligand for corticotropin-releasing factor receptor studies. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2015; 353:307-17. [PMID: 25736419 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.114.222307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) peptide family comprises the mammalian peptides CRF and the urocortins as well as frog skin sauvagine and fish urophyseal urotensin. Advances in understanding the roles of the CRF ligand family and associated receptors have often relied on radioreceptor assays using labeled CRF ligands. These assays depend on stable, high-affinity CRF analogs that can be labeled, purified, and chemically characterized. Analogs of several of the native peptides have been used in this context, most prominently including sauvagine from the frog Phyllomedusa sauvageii (PS-Svg). Because each of these affords both advantages and disadvantages, new analogs with superior properties would be welcome. We find that a sauvagine-like peptide recently isolated from a different frog species, Pachymedusa dacnicolor (PD-Svg), is a high-affinity agonist whose radioiodinated analog, [(125)ITyr(0)-Glu(1), Nle(17)]-PD-Svg, exhibits improved biochemical properties over those of earlier iodinated agonists. Specifically, the PD-Svg radioligand binds both CRF receptors with comparably high affinity as its PS-Svg counterpart, but detects a greater number of sites on both type 1 and type 2 receptors. PD-Svg is also ∼10 times more potent at stimulating cAMP accumulation in cells expressing the native receptors. Autoradiographic localization using the PD-Svg radioligand shows robust specific binding to rodent brain and peripheral tissues that identifies consensus CRF receptor-expressing sites in a greater number and/or with greater sensitivity than its PS-Svg counterpart. We suggest that labeled analogs of PD-Svg may be useful tools for biochemical, structural, pharmacological, and anatomic studies of CRF receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn H Perrin
- Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology (M.H.P., J.M.V., K.A.L., C.J.D., C.M., J.E., J.E.R., P.E.S.) and Laboratory of Neuronal Structure and Function (L.A.T., P.E.S.), The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Laura A Tan
- Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology (M.H.P., J.M.V., K.A.L., C.J.D., C.M., J.E., J.E.R., P.E.S.) and Laboratory of Neuronal Structure and Function (L.A.T., P.E.S.), The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Joan M Vaughan
- Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology (M.H.P., J.M.V., K.A.L., C.J.D., C.M., J.E., J.E.R., P.E.S.) and Laboratory of Neuronal Structure and Function (L.A.T., P.E.S.), The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Kathy A Lewis
- Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology (M.H.P., J.M.V., K.A.L., C.J.D., C.M., J.E., J.E.R., P.E.S.) and Laboratory of Neuronal Structure and Function (L.A.T., P.E.S.), The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Cynthia J Donaldson
- Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology (M.H.P., J.M.V., K.A.L., C.J.D., C.M., J.E., J.E.R., P.E.S.) and Laboratory of Neuronal Structure and Function (L.A.T., P.E.S.), The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Charleen Miller
- Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology (M.H.P., J.M.V., K.A.L., C.J.D., C.M., J.E., J.E.R., P.E.S.) and Laboratory of Neuronal Structure and Function (L.A.T., P.E.S.), The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Judit Erchegyi
- Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology (M.H.P., J.M.V., K.A.L., C.J.D., C.M., J.E., J.E.R., P.E.S.) and Laboratory of Neuronal Structure and Function (L.A.T., P.E.S.), The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Jean E Rivier
- Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology (M.H.P., J.M.V., K.A.L., C.J.D., C.M., J.E., J.E.R., P.E.S.) and Laboratory of Neuronal Structure and Function (L.A.T., P.E.S.), The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Paul E Sawchenko
- Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology (M.H.P., J.M.V., K.A.L., C.J.D., C.M., J.E., J.E.R., P.E.S.) and Laboratory of Neuronal Structure and Function (L.A.T., P.E.S.), The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
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Expression and functional characterization of membrane-integrated mammalian corticotropin releasing factor receptors 1 and 2 in Escherichia coli. PLoS One 2014; 9:e84013. [PMID: 24465390 PMCID: PMC3894963 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Receptors (CRFRs) are class B1 G-protein-coupled receptors, which bind peptides of the corticotropin releasing factor family and are key mediators in the stress response. In order to dissect the receptors' binding specificity and enable structural studies, full-length human CRFR1α and mouse CRFR2β as well as fragments lacking the N-terminal extracellular domain, were overproduced in E. coli. The characteristics of different CRFR2β-PhoA gene fusion products expressed in bacteria were found to be in agreement with the predicted ones in the hepta-helical membrane topology model. Recombinant histidine-tagged CRFR1α and CRFR2β expression levels and bacterial subcellular localization were evaluated by cell fractionation and Western blot analysis. Protein expression parameters were assessed, including the influence of E. coli bacterial hosts, culture media and the impact of either PelB or DsbA signal peptide. In general, the large majority of receptor proteins became inserted in the bacterial membrane. Across all experimental conditions significantly more CRFR2β product was obtained in comparison to CRFR1α. Following a detergent screen analysis, bacterial membranes containing CRFR1α and CRFR2β were best solubilized with the zwitterionic detergent FC-14. Binding of different peptide ligands to CRFR1α and CRFR2β membrane fractions were similar, in part, to the complex pharmacology observed in eukaryotic cells. We suggest that our E. coli expression system producing functional CRFRs will be useful for large-scale expression of these receptors for structural studies.
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