1
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Meshram DD, Fanutti C, Pike CVS, Coussons PJ. Membrane Association of the Short Transglutaminase Type 2 Splice Variant (TG2-S) Modulates Cisplatin Resistance in a Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HepG2) Cell Line. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:4251-4270. [PMID: 38785527 PMCID: PMC11119602 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46050259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a heterogeneous malignancy with complex carcinogenesis. Although there has been significant progress in the treatment of HCC over the past decades, drug resistance to chemotherapy remains a major obstacle in its successful management. In this study, we were able to reduce chemoresistance in cisplatin-resistant HepG2 cells by either silencing the expression of transglutaminase type 2 (TG2) using siRNA or by the pre-treatment of cells with the TG2 enzyme inhibitor cystamine. Further analysis revealed that, whereas the full-length TG2 isoform (TG2-L) was almost completely cytoplasmic in its distribution, the majority of the short TG2 isoform (TG2-S) was membrane-associated in both parental and chemoresistant HepG2 cells. Following the induction of cisplatin toxicity in non-chemoresistant parental cells, TG2-S, together with cisplatin, quickly relocated to the cytosolic fraction. Conversely, no cytosolic relocalisation of TG2-S or nuclear accumulation cisplatin was observed, following the identical treatment of chemoresistant cells, where TG2-S remained predominantly membrane-associated. This suggests that the deficient subcellular relocalisation of TG2-S from membranous structures into the cytoplasm may limit the apoptic response to cisplatin toxicity in chemoresistant cells. Structural analysis of TG2 revealed the presence of binding motifs for interaction of TG2-S with the membrane scaffold protein LC3/LC3 homologue that could contribute to a novel mechanism of chemotherapeutic resistance in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipak D. Meshram
- Cancer Cell Biology Subgroup, Biomedical Research Group, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge CB1 1PT, UK; (D.D.M.); (C.F.); (C.V.S.P.)
- School of Biosciences, The University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Cristina Fanutti
- Cancer Cell Biology Subgroup, Biomedical Research Group, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge CB1 1PT, UK; (D.D.M.); (C.F.); (C.V.S.P.)
| | - Claire V. S. Pike
- Cancer Cell Biology Subgroup, Biomedical Research Group, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge CB1 1PT, UK; (D.D.M.); (C.F.); (C.V.S.P.)
| | - Peter J. Coussons
- Cancer Cell Biology Subgroup, Biomedical Research Group, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge CB1 1PT, UK; (D.D.M.); (C.F.); (C.V.S.P.)
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2
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Buccarelli M, Castellani G, Fiorentino V, Pizzimenti C, Beninati S, Ricci-Vitiani L, Scattoni ML, Mischiati C, Facchiano F, Tabolacci C. Biological Implications and Functional Significance of Transglutaminase Type 2 in Nervous System Tumors. Cells 2024; 13:667. [PMID: 38667282 PMCID: PMC11048792 DOI: 10.3390/cells13080667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Transglutaminase type 2 (TG2) is the most ubiquitously expressed member of the transglutaminase family. TG2 catalyzes the transamidation reaction leading to several protein post-translational modifications and it is also implicated in signal transduction thanks to its GTP binding/hydrolyzing activity. In the nervous system, TG2 regulates multiple physiological processes, such as development, neuronal cell death and differentiation, and synaptic plasticity. Given its different enzymatic activities, aberrant expression or activity of TG2 can contribute to tumorigenesis, including in peripheral and central nervous system tumors. Indeed, TG2 dysregulation has been reported in meningiomas, medulloblastomas, neuroblastomas, glioblastomas, and other adult-type diffuse gliomas. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the biological and functional relevance of TG2 in the pathogenesis of nervous system tumors, highlighting its involvement in survival, tumor inflammation, differentiation, and in the resistance to standard therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariachiara Buccarelli
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.B.); (G.C.); (L.R.-V.); (F.F.)
| | - Giorgia Castellani
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.B.); (G.C.); (L.R.-V.); (F.F.)
| | - Vincenzo Fiorentino
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Cristina Pizzimenti
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Simone Beninati
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Lucia Ricci-Vitiani
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.B.); (G.C.); (L.R.-V.); (F.F.)
| | - Maria Luisa Scattoni
- Research Coordination and Support Service, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Carlo Mischiati
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Francesco Facchiano
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.B.); (G.C.); (L.R.-V.); (F.F.)
| | - Claudio Tabolacci
- Research Coordination and Support Service, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy;
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3
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Qiu Z, Guo S, Liu G, Pei M, Liao Y, Wang J, Zhang J, Yang D, Qiao Z, Li Z, Ma Z, Liu Z, Yang X. TGM2 inhibits the proliferation, migration and tumorigenesis of MDCK cells. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285136. [PMID: 37115802 PMCID: PMC10146566 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells are one of the main cell lines used for influenza vaccine production due to their high virus yield and low mutation resistance. Due to their high tumorigenicity, the safety of vaccines produced from these cells is controversial. TGM2 is a multifunctional protein that plays an important role in the adhesion and migration of cells and is associated with tumor formation. We found that the expression level of TGM2 was significantly up-regulated in low tumorigenic MDCK cells. We first analyzed TGM2-overexpressed and knockout MDCK cells in vitro. Scratch-wound assay and Transwell chamber experiments showed that TGM2 overexpression significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of MDCK cells and significantly reduced their proliferation. TGM2 knockout significantly enhanced cell migration, invasion, and proliferation. The tumorigenesis results in nude mice were consistent with those in vitro. TGM2 knockout significantly enhanced the tumorigenesis rate of MDCK cells in nude mice. We also investigated the effects of TGM2 gene expression on the replication of the H1N1 influenza A virus in MDCK cells. The results showed that TGM2 induced the negative regulation of H1N1 replication. These findings contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the tumor regulation mechanism and biological functions of TGM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Qiu
- Northwest Minzu University, Biomedical Research Center, Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Lanzhou, China
- Life Science and Engineering College of Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shouqing Guo
- Northwest Minzu University, Biomedical Research Center, Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Lanzhou, China
- Life Science and Engineering College of Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Geng Liu
- Northwest Minzu University, Biomedical Research Center, Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Lanzhou, China
- Life Science and Engineering College of Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mengyuan Pei
- Northwest Minzu University, Biomedical Research Center, Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Lanzhou, China
- Life Science and Engineering College of Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuejiao Liao
- Northwest Minzu University, Biomedical Research Center, Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Lanzhou, China
- Life Science and Engineering College of Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Wang
- Northwest Minzu University, Biomedical Research Center, Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Lanzhou, China
- Northwest Minzu University, Biomedical Research Center, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology & Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiayou Zhang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, China
- China National Biotec Group Company Limited, Beijing, China
| | - Di Yang
- Northwest Minzu University, Biomedical Research Center, Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Lanzhou, China
- Northwest Minzu University, Biomedical Research Center, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology & Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zilin Qiao
- Northwest Minzu University, Biomedical Research Center, Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Lanzhou, China
- Northwest Minzu University, Biomedical Research Center, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology & Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Northwest Minzu University, Biomedical Research Center, Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Lanzhou, China
- Northwest Minzu University, Biomedical Research Center, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology & Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhongren Ma
- Northwest Minzu University, Biomedical Research Center, Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Lanzhou, China
- Northwest Minzu University, Biomedical Research Center, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology & Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhenbin Liu
- Northwest Minzu University, Biomedical Research Center, Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Lanzhou, China
- Northwest Minzu University, Biomedical Research Center, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology & Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, China
- China National Biotec Group Company Limited, Beijing, China
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4
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Feriotto G, Tagliati F, Brunello A, Beninati S, Tabolacci C, Mischiati C. A Central Contribution of TG2 Activity to the Antiproliferative and Pro-Apoptotic Effects of Caffeic Acid in K562 Cells of Human Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315004. [PMID: 36499332 PMCID: PMC9740221 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Caffeic acid (CA) has shown antitumor activity in numerous solid and blood cancers. We have recently reported that CA is active in reducing proliferation and triggering apoptosis in both Imatinib-sensitive and resistant Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) cells. Tissue transglutaminase type 2 (TG2) enzyme is involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis of numerous types of cancer. However, its activity has different effects depending on the type of tumor. This work investigated the possible involvement of TG2 activation in the triggering of CA-dependent anticancer effects on the K562 cell line, which was studied as a model of CML. CA-dependent changes in TG2 activity were compared with the effects on cell proliferation and apoptosis. The use of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an antioxidant molecule, suggested that the antiproliferative effect of CA was due to the increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS). The use of a TG2 inhibitor showed that TG2 activity was responsible for the increase in ROS generated by CA and reduced both caspase activation and triggering of CA-dependent apoptosis. The knocking-down of TGM2 transcripts confirmed the crucial involvement of TG2 activation in CML cell death. In conclusion, the data reported, in addition to ascertaining the important role of TG2 activation in the antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic mechanism of CA allowed us to hypothesize a possible therapeutic utility of the molecules capable of triggering the activation pathways of TG2 in the treatment of CML.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- K562 Cells
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Imatinib Mesylate/pharmacology
- Imatinib Mesylate/therapeutic use
- Caffeic Acids/pharmacology
- Caffeic Acids/therapeutic use
- Apoptosis
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
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Affiliation(s)
- Giordana Feriotto
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Federico Tagliati
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Arianna Brunello
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simone Beninati
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Tabolacci
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Mischiati
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-532-974444
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5
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Kaiser A, Agostinelli E. Hypusinated EIF5A as a feasible drug target for Advanced Medicinal Therapies in the treatment of pathogenic parasites and therapy-resistant tumors. Amino Acids 2022; 54:501-511. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-03120-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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6
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Guan C, Lu C, Xiao M, Chen W. EHD2 Overexpression Suppresses the Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion in Human Colon Cancer. Cancer Invest 2021; 39:297-309. [PMID: 33356637 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2020.1870125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: To investigate how EHD2 influences the development of colon cancer.Methods: Immunohistochemistry of 90 colon cancer tissue specimens were determined the expression of EHD2. The lentivirus-EHD2-transfected colon cancer cells were conducted to evaluate the biological behaviors.Results: EHD2 was closely associated with clinic pathological parameters (p < 0.001). EHD2 upregulation was relative with a longer overall survival. The results of the univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that EHD2 could be an independent prognosis marker. EHD2 overexpression suppressed cell invasion and proliferation, but enhanced cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest.Conclusions: EHD2 might represent a therapeutic target of colon cancer.IMPACT STATEMENTWhat is already known on this subject? Membrane trafficking is crucial for cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, especially tumorigenesis and development. EHD2 proteins play an important role in the regulation of membrane trafficking in endocytosis. EHD2 has been suggested to participate in the occurrence of some malignancies.What are the new findings? EHD2 could be an independent prognosis marker in colon cancer. EHD2 overexpression suppressed cell invasion and proliferation, but enhanced cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in vitro. EHD2 overexpression markedly increased the expression of EMT marker E-cadherin in colon cancer.How might it impact on clinical practice in the foreseeable future? EHD2 overexpression may inhibit tumorigenesis in colon cancer through the modulation of E-cadherin, the critical marker of EMT which is closely related to invasion and distant metastasis of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengqi Guan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cuihua Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingbing Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weichang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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7
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Niland S, Eble JA. Hold on or Cut? Integrin- and MMP-Mediated Cell-Matrix Interactions in the Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010238. [PMID: 33379400 PMCID: PMC7794804 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) has become the focus of interest in cancer research and treatment. It includes the extracellular matrix (ECM) and ECM-modifying enzymes that are secreted by cancer and neighboring cells. The ECM serves both to anchor the tumor cells embedded in it and as a means of communication between the various cellular and non-cellular components of the TME. The cells of the TME modify their surrounding cancer-characteristic ECM. This in turn provides feedback to them via cellular receptors, thereby regulating, together with cytokines and exosomes, differentiation processes as well as tumor progression and spread. Matrix remodeling is accomplished by altering the repertoire of ECM components and by biophysical changes in stiffness and tension caused by ECM-crosslinking and ECM-degrading enzymes, in particular matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). These can degrade ECM barriers or, by partial proteolysis, release soluble ECM fragments called matrikines, which influence cells inside and outside the TME. This review examines the changes in the ECM of the TME and the interaction between cells and the ECM, with a particular focus on MMPs.
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8
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Evaluation of polyamines as marker of melanoma cell proliferation and differentiation by an improved high-performance liquid chromatographic method. Amino Acids 2019; 51:1623-1631. [PMID: 31617109 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-019-02799-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The differentiation therapy is focused on the identification of new agents able to impair the proliferative and metastatic potential of cancer cells through the induction of differentiation. Although several markers of cell differentiation on tumor cells have been identified, their causal relationship with neoplastic competence has not been characterized in sufficient detail to propose their use as new pharmacological targets useful for the design of new differentiation agents. Polyamine level in cancer cells and in body fluids was proposed as potential marker of cell proliferation and differentiation. The main advantage of this marker is the possibility to evaluate the antineoplastic activity of new drugs able to induce cell differentiation and consequently to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis. The presented report shows a simply and highly reproducible reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the determination of ortho-phthalaldehyde (OPA) derivatives of polyamines: putrescine (PUT), cadaverine (CAD), spermidine (SPD) and spermine (SPM). The novelty of this method is the fluorescence response for OPA-derivate of SPM, generally low in other procedures, that has been significantly improved by the use of a fully endcapped packing material with minimal silanol interactions. The limits of detection for PUT, CAD, SPD and SPM were 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, and 0.4 pmol/mL, respectively. The analysis time was ≤ 20 min, and the relative recovery rate was of about 97%. To verify the usefulness of this method, it has been validated in a murine melanoma cell line (B16-F10) treated with two theophylline derivatives (namely 8-chlorotheophylline and 8-bromotheophylline). These two compounds increased the activity of tissue transglutaminase (TG2) and the synthesis of melanin, two recognized markers of melanoma cell differentiation, and significantly reduced the levels of intracellular polyamines.
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9
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The Role of Tissue Transglutaminase in Cancer Cell Initiation, Survival and Progression. Med Sci (Basel) 2019; 7:medsci7020019. [PMID: 30691081 PMCID: PMC6409630 DOI: 10.3390/medsci7020019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue transglutaminase (transglutaminase type 2; TG2) is the most ubiquitously expressed member of the transglutaminase family (EC 2.3.2.13) that catalyzes specific post-translational modifications of proteins through a calcium-dependent acyl-transfer reaction (transamidation). In addition, this enzyme displays multiple additional enzymatic activities, such as guanine nucleotide binding and hydrolysis, protein kinase, disulfide isomerase activities, and is involved in cell adhesion. Transglutaminase 2 has been reported as one of key enzymes that is involved in all stages of carcinogenesis; the molecular mechanisms of action and physiopathological effects depend on its expression or activities, cellular localization, and specific cancer model. Since it has been reported as both a potential tumor suppressor and a tumor-promoting factor, the role of this enzyme in cancer is still controversial. Indeed, TG2 overexpression has been frequently associated with cancer stem cells’ survival, inflammation, metastatic spread, and drug resistance. On the other hand, the use of inducers of TG2 transamidating activity seems to inhibit tumor cell plasticity and invasion. This review covers the extensive and rapidly growing field of the role of TG2 in cancer stem cells survival and epithelial–mesenchymal transition, apoptosis and differentiation, and formation of aggressive metastatic phenotypes.
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10
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Cai R, Huang M, Wang Y. Targeted Quantitative Profiling of GTP-Binding Proteins in Cancer Cells Using Isotope-Coded GTP Probes. Anal Chem 2018; 90:14339-14346. [PMID: 30433760 PMCID: PMC6434709 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
GTP-binding proteins play important roles in many essential biological processes, including cell signaling, trafficking, and protein synthesis. To assess quantitatively these proteins at the whole proteome level, we developed a high-throughput targeted proteomic method based on the use of isotope-coded GTP probes and multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) analysis. Targeted proteins were labeled with desthiobiotin-GTP probes, digested with trypsin, and the ensuing desthiobiotin-conjugated peptides were enriched with streptavidin beads for LC-MS/MS analysis. We also established a Skyline MRM library based on shotgun proteomic data acquired for 12 different human cell lines. The library contained 605 tryptic peptides derived from 217 GTP-binding proteins, representing approximately 60% of the annotated human GTP-binding proteome. By using this library, in conjunction with isotope-coded GTP probes and scheduled LC-MRM analysis, we investigated the differential expression of GTP-binding proteins in a pair of primary/metastatic colon cancer cell lines (SW480 and SW620). We were able to quantify 97 GTP-binding proteins, and we further validated the differential expression of several GTP-binding proteins by Western blot analysis. Together, we developed a facile targeted quantitative proteomic method for the high-throughput analysis of GTP-binding proteins and applied the method for probing the altered expression of these proteins involved in colon cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Cai
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Ming Huang
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Yinsheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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11
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Harb OA, Elsayed WSH, Ismail EI, Toam MM, Ammar MG. Thioredoxin-Interact ing-Pro t e in [TXNIP] and Transglutaminase 2 [TGM2] Expression in Meningiomas of Different Grades and the Role of Their Expression in
Meningioma Recurrence and Prognosis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:2299-2308. [PMID: 28843270 PMCID: PMC5697495 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.8.2299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Meningiomas are common central nervous system (CNS) tumors that account for thirty percent of
primary intracranial tumors.. The accuracy of predicting meningioma recurrence and progression is not enough. So, there
is a real need for discovering recent factors for identification of the relapse risk, progression rates, which patients will
need aggressive treatment and predicting and improving patients’ survival. Thioredoxin-interacting-protein [TXNIP]
is an alpha-arrestin-protein family member that is mapped on chromosome 1-q21–22 and is found to participate in
cellular redox reactions regulations and control. Transglutaminase 2 (TGM2) is a transglutaminase enzyme family
member that is found in many human cells, it may act as an enzyme, a structural protein and also has multiple roles
in many cellular activities. Aim of our study: It was to explore the expression of TXNIP, TGM2 and Ki-67 using
immunohistochemistry in different pathological grades of meningiomas, and to investigate the relevance between
their expressions, clinicopathological criteria, disease recurrence and prognosis of meningioma patients. Methods: we
included 50 cases of meningioma of different pathological grades; all patients were managed according to their grade
by surgery alone, with radiotherapy or combined modalities. Sections from paraffin blocks prepared from samples of all
patients stained by TXNIP, TGM2 and Ki-67 using immunohistochemistry. Results: high expression of TXNIP in 28
out of 50 (56%) cases of meningioma of different pathological grades and was positively correlated with meningioma
lower grade, low KI labeling index (p=0.000), adequacy of resection, negatively correlated with high incidence of
recurrence after surgery and it was negatively correlated with meningioma higher pathological grades (p=0.000). We
detected high expression of TGM2 in 21 out of 50 (42%) cases of meningioma and it was positively correlated with
meningioma higher grade (p= 0.002), high KI labeling index (p=0.000), high incidence of recurrence after surgery,
progression to higher pathological grades and was negatively correlated with adequacy of resection of meningioma
(p=0.000). Conclusion: There is inverse relation between both [TXNIP and TGM2 expression in meningiomas and the
combination of decreased expression of TXNIP and increased expression of TGM2 could predict risk of meningioma
recurrence and progression in to higher pathological grades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola A Harb
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.
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12
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Asgharzadeh MR, Barar J, Pourseif MM, Eskandani M, Jafari Niya M, Mashayekhi MR, Omidi Y. Molecular machineries of pH dysregulation in tumor microenvironment: potential targets for cancer therapy. BIOIMPACTS : BI 2017; 7:115-133. [PMID: 28752076 PMCID: PMC5524986 DOI: 10.15171/bi.2017.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Cancer is an intricate disorder/dysfunction of cells that can be defined as a genetic heterogeneity in human disease. Therefore, it is characterized by several adaptive complex hallmarks. Among them, the pH dysregulation appears as a symbol of aberrant functions within the tumor microenvironment (TME). In comparison with normal tissues, in the solid tumors, we face with an irregular acidification and alkalinization of the extracellular and intracellular fluids. Methods: In this study, we comprehensively discussed the most recent reports on the hallmarks of solid tumors to provide deep insights upon the molecular machineries involved in the pH dysregulation of solid tumors and their impacts on the initiation and progression of cancer. Results: The dysregulation of pH in solid tumors is fundamentally related to the Warburg effect and hypoxia, leading to expression of a number of molecular machineries, including: NHE1, H+ pump V-ATPase, CA-9, CA-12, MCT-1, GLUT-1. Activation of proton exchangers and transporters (PETs) gives rise to formation of TME. This condition favors the cancer cells to evade from the anoikis and apoptosis, granting them aggressive and metastasis phenotype, as well as resistance to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. This review aimed to discuss the key molecular changes of tumor cells in terms of bio-energetics and cancer metabolism in relation with pH dysregulation. During this phenomenon, the intra- and extracellular metabolites are altered and/or disrupted. Such molecular alterations provide molecular hallmarks for direct targeting of the PETs by potent relevant inhibitors in combination with conventional cancer therapies as ultimate therapy against solid tumors. Conclusion: Taken all, along with other treatment strategies, targeting the key molecular machineries related to intra- and extracellular metabolisms within the TME is proposed as a novel strategy to inhibit or block PETs that are involved in the pH dysregulation of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Asgharzadeh
- Department of Biology, Fars Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran
- Department of Biology, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran
| | - Jaleh Barar
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad M. Pourseif
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Morteza Eskandani
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Jafari Niya
- Department of Biology, Fars Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran
- Department of Biology, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran
| | | | - Yadollah Omidi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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13
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Cordella M, Tabolacci C, Rossi S, Senatore C, Facchiano AM, D'Arcangelo D, Facchiano A, Facchiano F. Transglutaminase type 2 affects cell migration through post-translational modification of platelet-derived growth factor-BB. Amino Acids 2016; 49:473-481. [PMID: 27633721 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2331-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Migration is a key cellular function with important implications in cell physiology. Impairment of such function is observed in angiogenesis, cancer, central nervous system development, and many other physiological and pathological events. Serum is considered among the most potent physiological chemotactic stimuli. Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is involved in most of the mentioned processes, suggesting the hypothesis that TG2 may modulate cell movement and chemotaxis by acting on serum factors. Cell biology and biochemistry studies confirmed this hypothesis, showing that human serum contains potent chemotactic signals significantly impaired by activated TG2. Bioinformatics studies indicated that one potent serum factor potential substrate of TG2-dependent transamidation is platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB). Cell biology and immunometric experiments carried out with U87MG human glioma cell line showed that human recombinant PDGF-BB pre-incubated with calcium-activated TG2 lost about 70 % of its chemotactic activity and antigenicity. These data indicate that PDGF-BB is a substrate of TG2-transamidating activity, and such modification may play a key role in the modulation of PDGF's chemotactic features. Further, these findings suggest a novel point of view to study the extracellular functions of TG2 and to understand how protein signals, such as growth factors and cytokines, act in the extracellular space to reach their specific targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Cordella
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Tabolacci
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Stefania Rossi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Senatore
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Daniela D'Arcangelo
- Laboratory of Vascular Pathology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Fondazione Luigi Maria Monti, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Facchiano
- Laboratory of Vascular Pathology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Fondazione Luigi Maria Monti, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Facchiano
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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14
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Hauser C, Wodtke R, Löser R, Pietsch M. A fluorescence anisotropy-based assay for determining the activity of tissue transglutaminase. Amino Acids 2016; 49:567-583. [PMID: 26886924 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2192-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Tissue transglutaminase (TGase 2) is the most abundantly expressed enzyme of the transglutaminase family and involved in a large variety of pathological processes, such as neurodegenerative diseases, disorders related to autoimmunity and inflammation as well as tumor growth, progression and metastasis. As a result, TGase 2 represents an attractive target for drug discovery and development, which requires assays that allow for the characterization of modulating agents and are appropriate for high-throughput screening. Herein, we report a fluorescence anisotropy-based approach for the determination of TGase 2's transamidase activity, following the time-dependent increase in fluorescence anisotropy due to the enzyme-catalyzed incorporation of fluorescein- and rhodamine B-conjugated cadaverines 1-3 (acyl acceptor substrates) into N,N-dimethylated casein (acyl donor substrate). These cadaverine derivatives 1-3 were obtained by solid-phase synthesis. To allow efficient conjugation of the rhodamine B moiety, different linkers providing secondary amine functions, such as sarcosyl and isonipecotyl, were introduced between the cadaverine and xanthenyl entities in compounds 2 and 3, respectively, with acyl acceptor 3 showing the most optimal substrate properties of the compounds investigated. The assay was validated for the search of both irreversible and reversible TGase 2 inhibitors using the inactivators iodoacetamide and a recently published L-lysine-derived acrylamide and the allosteric binder GTP, respectively. In addition, the fluorescence anisotropy-based method was proven to be suitable for high-throughput screening (Z' factor of 0.86) and represents a non-radioactive and highly sensitive assay for determining the active TGase 2 concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Hauser
- Center of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Gleueler Str. 24, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Robert Wodtke
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technical University Dresden, Mommsenstraße 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Reik Löser
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technical University Dresden, Mommsenstraße 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Markus Pietsch
- Center of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Gleueler Str. 24, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
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15
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Eckert RL, Fisher ML, Grun D, Adhikary G, Xu W, Kerr C. Transglutaminase is a tumor cell and cancer stem cell survival factor. Mol Carcinog 2015; 54:947-58. [PMID: 26258961 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that cancer cells express elevated levels of type II transglutaminase (TG2), and that expression is further highly enriched in cancer stem cells derived from these cancers. Moreover, elevated TG2 expression is associated with enhanced cancer stem cell marker expression, survival signaling, proliferation, migration, invasion, integrin-mediated adhesion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and drug resistance. TG2 expression is also associated with formation of aggressive and metastatic tumors that are resistant to conventional therapeutic intervention. This review summarizes the role of TG2 as a cancer cell survival factor in a range of tumor types, and as a target for preventive and therapeutic intervention. The literature supports the idea that TG2, in the closed/GTP-binding/signaling conformation, drives cancer cell and cancer stem cell survival, and that TG2, in the open/crosslinking conformation, is associated with cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Eckert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Dermatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Reproductive Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,The Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Matthew L Fisher
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Dan Grun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gautam Adhikary
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Wen Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Candace Kerr
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,The Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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16
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Cellura D, Pickard K, Quaratino S, Parker H, Strefford JC, Thomas GJ, Mitter R, Mirnezami AH, Peake NJ. miR-19-Mediated Inhibition of Transglutaminase-2 Leads to Enhanced Invasion and Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2015; 13:1095-1105. [PMID: 25934693 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-14-0466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Transglutaminase-2 (TG2) is a critical cross-linking enzyme in the extracellular matrix (ECM) and tumor microenvironment (TME). Although its expression has been linked to colorectal cancer, its functional role in the processes that drive disease appears to be context dependent. There is now considerable evidence of a role for microRNAs (miRNA) in the development and progression of cancer, including metastasis. A cell model of metastatic colon adenocarcinoma was used to investigate the contribution of miRNAs to the differential expression of TG2, and functional effects on inflammatory and invasive behavior. The impact of TG2 in colorectal cancer was analyzed in human colorectal tumor specimens and by manipulations in SW480 and SW620 cells. Effects on invasive behavior were measured using Transwell invasion assays, and cytokine production was assessed by ELISA. TG2 was identified as a target for miR-19 by in silico analysis, which was confirmed experimentally. Functional effects were evaluated by overexpression of pre-miR-19a in SW480 cells. Expression of TG2 correlated inversely with invasive behavior, with knockdown in SW480 cells leading to enhanced invasion, and overexpression in SW620 cells the opposite. TG2 expression was observed in colorectal cancer primary tumors but lost in liver metastases. Finally, miR-19 overexpression and subsequent decreased TG2 expression was linked to chromosome-13 amplification events, leading to altered invasive behavior in colorectal cancer cells. IMPLICATIONS Chromosome-13 amplification in advanced colorectal cancer contributes to invasion and metastasis by upregulating miR-19, which targets TG2.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Cellura
- Molecular mechanisms research unit, Cancer Research UK Centre, University of Southampton Cancer Sciences Division, Somers Cancer Research Building, Southampton University Hospital NHS Trust, Tremona road, Southampton, SO16 6YD
| | - K Pickard
- Molecular mechanisms research unit, Cancer Research UK Centre, University of Southampton Cancer Sciences Division, Somers Cancer Research Building, Southampton University Hospital NHS Trust, Tremona road, Southampton, SO16 6YD
| | - S Quaratino
- Molecular mechanisms research unit, Cancer Research UK Centre, University of Southampton Cancer Sciences Division, Somers Cancer Research Building, Southampton University Hospital NHS Trust, Tremona road, Southampton, SO16 6YD
| | - H Parker
- Cancer Genomics, Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD
| | - J C Strefford
- Cancer Genomics, Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD
| | - G J Thomas
- Molecular mechanisms research unit, Cancer Research UK Centre, University of Southampton Cancer Sciences Division, Somers Cancer Research Building, Southampton University Hospital NHS Trust, Tremona road, Southampton, SO16 6YD
| | - R Mitter
- Bioinformatics Unit, London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, WC2A 3TL
| | - A H Mirnezami
- Molecular mechanisms research unit, Cancer Research UK Centre, University of Southampton Cancer Sciences Division, Somers Cancer Research Building, Southampton University Hospital NHS Trust, Tremona road, Southampton, SO16 6YD.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Southampton University Hospital NHS Trust, Tremona road, Southampton, UK
| | - N J Peake
- Molecular mechanisms research unit, Cancer Research UK Centre, University of Southampton Cancer Sciences Division, Somers Cancer Research Building, Southampton University Hospital NHS Trust, Tremona road, Southampton, SO16 6YD
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17
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Park MJ, Baek HW, Rhee YY, Lee C, Park JW, Kim HW, Moon KC. Transglutaminase 2 expression and its prognostic significance in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. J Pathol Transl Med 2015; 49:37-43. [PMID: 25812656 PMCID: PMC4357413 DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2014.10.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A few recent studies have demonstrated a possible role of transglutaminase 2 (TG2) in tumorigenesis or progression of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The aim of this study was to examine TG2 expression and its clinicopathologic significance in a large number of human clear cell RCCs (CCRCCs). Methods: We analyzed 638 CCRCC patients who underwent partial or radical nephrectomy between 1995 and 2005. The expression of TG2 was determined by immunohistochemistry and categorized into four groups, according to staining intensity: negative (0), mild (1+), moderate (2+), and strong (3+). Results: TG2 staining intensity was negative in 8.5% of CCRCC (n=54), 1+ in 32.6% (n=208), 2+ in 50.5% (n=322), and 3+ in 8.5% (n=54). Strong TG2 expression was correlated with high Fuhrman nuclear grade (p=.011), high T category (p=.049), metastasis (p=.043) and male sex (p<.001) but not with N category.The survival analysis showed a significant association between strong TG2 expression and worse overall and cancer-specific survival (p=.027 and p=.010, respectively). On multivariate analysis, strong TG2 expression was a marginally significant prognostic indicator for Fuhrman nuclear grade and TNM staging (p=.054). Conclusions: Our study is the first to demonstrate the clinicopathologic significance of TG2 expression in a large number of human CCRCC samples. Strong TG2 expression was associated with high nuclear grade and poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jee Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae Woon Baek
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ye-Young Rhee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheol Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Whan Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hwal Woong Kim
- Department of Pathology, Good Moonhwa Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Kyung Chul Moon
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea ; Kidney Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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18
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Abstract
Tissue transglutaminase (transglutaminase 2) is a multifunctional enzyme with many interesting properties resulting in versatile roles in both physiology and pathophysiology. Herein, the particular involvement of the enzyme in human diseases will be outlined with special emphasis on its role in cancer and in tissue interactions with biomaterials. Despite recent progress in unraveling the different cellular functions of transglutaminase 2, several questions remain. Transglutaminase 2 features in both confirmed and some still ambiguous roles within pathological conditions, raising interest in developing inhibitors and imaging probes which target this enzyme. One important prerequisite for identifying and characterizing such molecular tools are reliable assay methods to measure the enzymatic activity. This digest Letter will provide clarification about the various assay methods described to date, accompanied by a discussion of recent progress in the development of inhibitors and imaging probes targeting transglutaminase 2.
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19
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Beninati S, Oliverio S, Cordella M, Rossi S, Senatore C, Liguori I, Lentini A, Piredda L, Tabolacci C. Inhibition of cell proliferation, migration and invasion of B16-F10 melanoma cells by α-mangostin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 450:1512-7. [PMID: 25019992 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we have evaluated the potential antineoplastic effects of α-mangostin (α-M), the most representative xanthone in Garcinia mangostana pericarp, on melanoma cell lines. This xanthone markedly inhibits the proliferation of high-metastatic B16-F10 melanoma cells. Furthermore, by deeply analyzing which steps in the metastatic process are influenced by xanthone it was observed that α-M strongly interferes with homotypic aggregation, adhesion, plasticity and invasion ability of B16-F10 cells, probably by the observed reduction of metalloproteinase-9 activity. The antiproliferative and antimetastatic properties of α-M have been established in human SK-MEL-28 and A375 melanoma cells. In order to identify pathways potentially involved in the antineoplastic properties of α-M, a comparative mass spectrometry proteomic approach was employed. These findings may improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-cancer effects of α-M on melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Beninati
- Department of Biology, University "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Martina Cordella
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Lucia Piredda
- Department of Biology, University "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Tabolacci
- Department of Biology, University "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy; Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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20
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Karashima T, Furumura M, Ishii N, Ohyama B, Saruta H, Natsuaki Y, Nakama T, Ohata C, Tsuruta D, Hitomi K, Hashimoto T. Distinct protein expression and activity of transglutaminases found in different epidermal tumors. Exp Dermatol 2014; 23:433-5. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.12418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Karashima
- Department of Dermatology; Kurume University School of Medicine; and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Minao Furumura
- Department of Dermatology; Kurume University School of Medicine; and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Norito Ishii
- Department of Dermatology; Kurume University School of Medicine; and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Bungo Ohyama
- Department of Dermatology; Kurume University School of Medicine; and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Hiroshi Saruta
- Department of Dermatology; Kurume University School of Medicine; and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Yohei Natsuaki
- Department of Dermatology; Kurume University School of Medicine; and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Takekuni Nakama
- Department of Dermatology; Kurume University School of Medicine; and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Chika Ohata
- Department of Dermatology; Kurume University School of Medicine; and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Daisuke Tsuruta
- Department of Dermatology; Kurume University School of Medicine; and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Hitomi
- Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Nagoya University; Chikusa Nagoya Japan
| | - Takashi Hashimoto
- Department of Dermatology; Kurume University School of Medicine; and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology; Fukuoka Japan
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21
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Sainio A, Järveläinen H. Extracellular matrix macromolecules: potential tools and targets in cancer gene therapy. MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR THERAPIES 2014; 2:14. [PMID: 26056582 PMCID: PMC4452050 DOI: 10.1186/2052-8426-2-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumour cells create their own microenvironment where they closely interact with a variety of soluble and non-soluble molecules, different cells and numerous other components within the extracellular matrix (ECM). Interaction between tumour cells and the ECM is bidirectional leading to either progression or inhibition of tumourigenesis. Therefore, development of novel therapies targeted primarily to tumour microenvironment (TME) is highly rational. Here, we give a short overview of different macromolecules of the ECM and introduce mechanisms whereby they contribute to tumourigenesis within the TME. Furthermore, we present examples of individual ECM macromolecules as regulators of cell behaviour during tumourigenesis. Finally, we focus on novel strategies of using ECM macromolecules as tools or targets in cancer gene therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annele Sainio
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Hannu Järveläinen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland ; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, Fl-20520 Turku, Finland
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22
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Bains W. Transglutaminse 2 and EGGL, the protein cross-link formed by transglutaminse 2, as therapeutic targets for disabilities of old age. Rejuvenation Res 2013; 16:495-517. [PMID: 23968147 PMCID: PMC3869435 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2013.1452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging of the extracellular matrix (ECM), the protein matrix that surrounds and penetrates the tissues and binds the body together, contributes significantly to functional aging of tissues. ECM proteins become increasingly cross-linked with age, and this cross-linking is probably important in the decline of the ECM's function. This article reviews the role of ε-(γ-glutamyl)-lysine (EGGL), a cross-link formed by transglutaminase enzymes, and particularly the widely expressed isozyme transglutaminase 2 (TG2), in the aging ECM. There is little direct data on EGGL accumulation with age, and no direct evidence of a role of EGGL in the aging of the ECM with pathology. However, several lines of circumstantial evidence suggest that EGGL accumulates with age, and its association with pathology suggests that this might reflect degradation of ECM function. TG activity increases with age in many circumstances. ECM protein turnover is such that some EGGL made by TG is likely to remain in place for years, if not decades, in healthy tissue, and both EGGL and TG levels are enhanced by age-related diseases. If further research shows EGGL does accumulate with age, removing it could be of therapeutic benefit. Also reviewed is the blockade of TG and active removal of EGGL as therapeutic strategies, with the conclusion that both have promise. EGGL removal may have benefit for acute fibrotic diseases, such as tendinopathy, and for treating generalized decline in ECM function with old age. Extracellular TG2 and EGGL are therefore therapeutic targets both for specific and more generalized diseases of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Bains
- SRF Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, United Kingdom
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