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Giannandrea D, Parolini M, Citro V, De Felice B, Pezzotta A, Abazari N, Platonova N, Sugni M, Chiu M, Villa A, Lesma E, Chiaramonte R, Casati L. Nanoplastic impact on bone microenvironment: A snapshot from murine bone cells. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 462:132717. [PMID: 37820528 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Our world is made of plastic. Plastic waste deeply affects our health entering the food chain. The degradation and/or fragmentation of plastics due to weathering processes result in the generation of nanoplastics (NPs). Only a few studies tested NPs effects on human health. NPs toxic actions are, in part, mediated by oxidative stress (OS) that, among its effects, affects bone remodeling. This study aimed to assess if NPs influence skeleton remodeling through OS. Murine bone cell cultures (MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts, MLOY-4 osteocyte-like cells, and RAW264.7 pre-osteoclasts) were used to test the NPs detrimental effects on bone cells. NPs affect cell viability and induce ROS production and apoptosis (by caspase 3/7 activation) in pre-osteoblasts, osteocytes, and pre-osteoclasts. NPs impair the migration capability of pre-osteoblasts and potentiate the osteoclastogenesis of preosteoclasts. NPs affected the expression of genes related to inflammatory and osteoblastogenic pathways in pre-osteoblasts and osteocytes, related to the osteoclastogenic commitment of pre-osteoclasts. A better understanding of the impact of NPs on bone cell activities resulting in vivo in impaired bone turnover could give more information on the possible toxicity consequence of NPs on bone mass and the subsequent public health problems, such as bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Parolini
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Italy
| | | | - Beatrice De Felice
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Alex Pezzotta
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Michela Sugni
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Chiu
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy
| | | | - Elena Lesma
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | | | - Lavinia Casati
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Italy.
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2
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Iwakura H, Ensho T, Ueda Y. Desacyl-ghrelin, not just an inactive form of ghrelin?-A review of current knowledge on the biological actions of desacyl-ghrelin. Peptides 2023:171050. [PMID: 37392995 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2023.171050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Desacyl-ghrelin is a form of ghrelin which lacks acyl-modification of the third serine residue of ghrelin. Originally, desacyl-ghrelin was considered to be just an inactive form of ghrelin. More recently, however, it has been suggested to have various biological activities, including control of food intake, growth hormone, glucose metabolism, and gastric movement, and is involved in cell survival. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the biological actions of desacyl-ghrelin and the proposed mechanisms by which it exerts the effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Iwakura
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wakayama Medical University, 25-1 Shichibancho, Wakayama 640-8156, Japan.
| | - Takuya Ensho
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wakayama Medical University, 25-1 Shichibancho, Wakayama 640-8156, Japan
| | - Yoko Ueda
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wakayama Medical University, 25-1 Shichibancho, Wakayama 640-8156, Japan
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3
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Meanti R, Licata M, Rizzi L, Bresciani E, Molteni L, Coco S, Locatelli V, Omeljaniuk RJ, Torsello A. Protective Effects of Hexarelin and JMV2894 in a Human Neuroblastoma Cell Line Expressing the SOD1-G93A Mutated Protein. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24020993. [PMID: 36674509 PMCID: PMC9863688 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24020993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an incurable motor neuron disease whose etiology remains unresolved; nonetheless, mutations of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) have been associated with several variants of ALS. Currently available pharmacologic interventions are only symptomatic and palliative in effect; therefore, there is a pressing demand for more effective drugs. This study examined potential therapeutic effects of growth hormone secretagogues (GHSs), a large family of synthetic compounds, as possible candidates for the treatment of ALS. Human neuroblastoma cells expressing the SOD1-G93A mutated protein (SH-SY5Y SOD1G93A cells) were incubated for 24 h with H2O2 (150 µM) in the absence, or presence, of GHS (1 µM), in order to study the protective effect of GHS against increased oxidative stress. The two GHSs examined in this study, hexarelin and JMV2894, protected cells from H2O2-induced cytotoxicity by activating molecules that regulate apoptosis and promote cell survival processes. These findings suggest the possibility of developing new GHS-based anti-oxidant and neuroprotective drugs with improved therapeutic potential. Further investigations are required for the following: (i) to clarify GHS molecular mechanisms of action, and (ii) to envisage the development of new GHSs that may be useful in ALS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Meanti
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Monza, Italy
| | - Martina Licata
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Monza, Italy
| | - Laura Rizzi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Monza, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-6448-8224
| | - Elena Bresciani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Monza, Italy
| | - Laura Molteni
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Monza, Italy
| | - Silvia Coco
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Monza, Italy
| | - Vittorio Locatelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Monza, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Torsello
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Monza, Italy
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Sibilia V, Bottai D, Maggi R, Pagani F, Chiaramonte R, Giannandrea D, Citro V, Platonova N, Casati L. Sex Steroid Regulation of Oxidative Stress in Bone Cells: An In Vitro Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182212168. [PMID: 34831936 PMCID: PMC8621144 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182212168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Environmental stimuli, including sex hormones and oxidative stress (OS), affect bone balance, modifying the epigenetic profiles of key osteogenic genes. Nonetheless, the interplay between sex steroids, epigenome and OS has yet be fully elucidated. This paper aims to study in vitro the role of sex steroids in OS-induced alteration in bone cells’ homeostasis, and to assess the possible contribution of epigenetic modifications. Toward this purpose, osteoblast (MC3T3-E1) and osteocyte (MLOY-4) cell lines were exposed to two different sources of free oxygen radicals, i.e., tert-butyl hydroperoxide and dexamethasone, and the protective effect of pre-treatment with androgens and estrogens was evaluated. In particular, we analyzed parameters that reflect bone cell homeostasis such as cell viability, cell migration, transcriptomic profile, transcriptional activity, and epigenetic signature. Our findings indicate that estrogens and androgens counteract OS effects. Using partially overlapping strategies, they reduce OS outcomes regarding cell viability, cell migration, the transcriptomic profile of gene families involved in bone remodeling, and epigenetic profile, i.e., H3K4me3 level. Additionally, we demonstrated that the protective effect of steroids against OS on bone homeostasis is partially mediated by the Akt pathway. Overall, these results suggest that the hormonal milieu may influence the mechanisms of age-related bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Sibilia
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20129 Milano, Italy; (V.S.); (F.P.)
| | - Daniele Bottai
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy; (D.B.); (R.C.); (D.G.); (V.C.); (N.P.)
| | - Roberto Maggi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Francesca Pagani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20129 Milano, Italy; (V.S.); (F.P.)
| | - Raffaella Chiaramonte
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy; (D.B.); (R.C.); (D.G.); (V.C.); (N.P.)
| | - Domenica Giannandrea
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy; (D.B.); (R.C.); (D.G.); (V.C.); (N.P.)
| | - Valentina Citro
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy; (D.B.); (R.C.); (D.G.); (V.C.); (N.P.)
| | - Natalia Platonova
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy; (D.B.); (R.C.); (D.G.); (V.C.); (N.P.)
| | - Lavinia Casati
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy; (D.B.); (R.C.); (D.G.); (V.C.); (N.P.)
- Correspondence:
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Li Y, He Y, Chen G, Huang Z, Yi C, Zhang X, Deng F, Yu D. Selenomethionine protects oxidative-stress-damaged bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells via an antioxidant effect and the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway. Exp Cell Res 2021; 408:112864. [PMID: 34626586 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Dental implant surgery is currently a routine therapy for the repair of missing dentition or dentition defects. Both clinical and basic research have elucidated that oxidative stress caused by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) for various reasons impairs the process of osteointegration after dental implantation. Therefore, the osteogenic micro-environment must be ameliorated to decrease the damage caused by oxidative stress. Selenomethionine (SEMET) has been reported to play an important role in alleviating oxidative stress and accelerating cell viability and growth. However, it remains unclear whether it exerts protective effects on bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) under oxidative stress. In this study, we explored the influence of selenomethionine on the viability and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs under oxidative stress and the underlying mechanisms. Results showed that 1 μM selenomethionine was the optimum concentration for BMSCs under H2O2 stimulation. H2O2-induced oxidative stress suppressed the viability and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, manifested by the increases in ROS production and cell apoptosis rates, and by the decrease of osteogenic differentiation-related markers. Notably, the aforementioned oxidative damage and osteogenic dysfunction induced by H2O2 were rescued by selenomethionine. Furthermore, we found that the PTEN expression level was suppressed and its downstream PI3K/AKT pathway was activated by selenomethionine. However, when PTEN was stimulated, the PI3K/AKT pathway was down-regulated, and the protective effects of selenomethionine on BMSC osteogenic differentiation diminished, while the inhibition of PTEN up-regulated the protective effects of selenomethionine. Together, these results revealed that selenomethionine could attenuate H2O2-induced BMSC dysfunction through an antioxidant effect, modulated via the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway, suggesting that selenomethionine is a promising antioxidant candidate for reducing oxidative stress during the process of dental implant osteointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, PR China
| | - Yi He
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, PR China
| | - Guanhui Chen
- Department of Stomatology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Ziqing Huang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, PR China
| | - Chen Yi
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, PR China
| | - Xiliu Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, PR China
| | - Feilong Deng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, PR China.
| | - Dongsheng Yu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, PR China.
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Saito J, Kojima T, Tanifuji S, Kato Y, Oka S, Ichikawa Y, Miyagi E, Tachibana T, Asou T, Yokoyama U. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Differential Gene Expression between the Closing Ductus Arteriosus and the Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Humans. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:jcdd8040045. [PMID: 33923468 PMCID: PMC8073410 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8040045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ductus arteriosus (DA) immediately starts closing after birth. This dynamic process involves DA-specific properties, including highly differentiated smooth muscle, sparse elastic fibers, and intimal thickening (IT). Although several studies have demonstrated DA-specific gene expressions using animal tissues and human fetuses, the transcriptional profiles of the closing DA and the patent DA remain largely unknown. We performed transcriptome analysis using four human DA samples. The three closing DA samples exhibited typical DA morphology, but the patent DA exhibited aorta-like elastic lamellae and poorly formed IT. A cluster analysis revealed that samples were clearly divided into two major clusters, the closing DA and patent DA clusters, and showed distinct gene expression profiles in IT and the tunica media of the closing DA samples. Cardiac neural crest-related genes such as JAG1 were highly expressed in the tunica media and IT of the closing DA samples compared to the patent DA sample. Abundant protein expressions of jagged 1 and the differentiated smooth muscle marker calponin were observed in the closing DA samples but not in the patent DA sample. Second heart field-related genes such as ISL1 were enriched in the patent DA sample. These data indicate that the patent DA may have different cell lineages compared to the closing DA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Saito
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan; (J.S.); (T.K.); (S.T.); (Y.K.); (S.O.)
| | - Tomoyuki Kojima
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan; (J.S.); (T.K.); (S.T.); (Y.K.); (S.O.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan;
| | - Shota Tanifuji
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan; (J.S.); (T.K.); (S.T.); (Y.K.); (S.O.)
| | - Yuko Kato
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan; (J.S.); (T.K.); (S.T.); (Y.K.); (S.O.)
| | - Sayuki Oka
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan; (J.S.); (T.K.); (S.T.); (Y.K.); (S.O.)
| | - Yasuhiro Ichikawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kanagawa Children’s Medical Center, 2-138-4 Mutsukawa, Minami-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 232-8555, Japan; (Y.I.); (T.T.); (T.A.)
| | - Etsuko Miyagi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan;
| | - Tsuyoshi Tachibana
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kanagawa Children’s Medical Center, 2-138-4 Mutsukawa, Minami-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 232-8555, Japan; (Y.I.); (T.T.); (T.A.)
| | - Toshihide Asou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kanagawa Children’s Medical Center, 2-138-4 Mutsukawa, Minami-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 232-8555, Japan; (Y.I.); (T.T.); (T.A.)
| | - Utako Yokoyama
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan; (J.S.); (T.K.); (S.T.); (Y.K.); (S.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-3351-6141
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Zhang LK, Chen WY, Wang HM, Liu C, He J, Tang Y, Jiao Y, Guan YQ. Growth factors regional patterned and photoimmobilized scaffold applied to bone tissue regeneration. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:10990-11000. [PMID: 33300520 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02317e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bone diseases such as osteomalacia, osteoporosis, and osteomyelitis are major illnesses that threaten the health of human. This study aimed to provide an idea at the molecular level of material properties determined with UV specific surface approaches. The tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) exposure aging model bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were reverted by using a poly-hybrid scaffold (PS), which is a carbon nanotube (CNT) coated polycaprolactone (PCL) and polylactic acid (PLA) scaffold, combined with insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF). Then, the region-specific PS photo-immobilized with different growth factors (GFs) was obtained by interference and diffraction of ultraviolet (UV) light. Additionally, the reverted BMSCs were regionally pattern differentiated into three kinds of cells on the GF immobilized PS (GFs/PS). In vivo, the GFs/PS accelerate bone healing in injured Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The data showed that GFs/PS effectively promoted the differentiation of reverted BMSCs in the designated area on 21st day. These results suggest region-specific interface immobilization of GFs concurrently differentiating reverted BMSCs into three different cells in the same scaffold. This method might be considered as a short-time, low cost, and simple operational approach to scaffold modification for tissue regeneration in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Kun Zhang
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China. and South China Normal University-Panyu Central Hospital Joint Laboratory of Translational Medical Research, Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Wu-Ya Chen
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
| | - Hui-Min Wang
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
| | - Chao Liu
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
| | - Jiecheng He
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
| | - Yunzhi Tang
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
| | - Yuxuan Jiao
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
| | - Yan-Qing Guan
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China. and South China Normal University-Panyu Central Hospital Joint Laboratory of Translational Medical Research, Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou 510631, China
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Food for Bone: Evidence for a Role for Delta-Tocotrienol in the Physiological Control of Osteoblast Migration. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134661. [PMID: 32629979 PMCID: PMC7370057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone remodeling and repair require osteogenic cells to reach the sites that need to be rebuilt, indicating that stimulation of osteoblast migration could be a promising osteoanabolic strategy. We showed that purified δ-tocotrienol (δ-TT, 10 μg/mL), isolated from commercial palm oil (Elaeis guineensis) fraction, stimulates the migration of both MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells and primary human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) as detected by wound healing assay or Boyden chamber assay respectively. The ability of δ-TT to promote MC3T3-E1 cells migration is dependent on Akt phosphorylation detected by Western blotting and involves Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway activation. In fact, δ-TT increased β-catenin transcriptional activity, measured using a Nano luciferase assay and pretreatment with procaine (2 µM), an inhibitor of the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway, reducing the wound healing activity of δ-TT on MC3T3-E1 cells. Moreover, δ-TT treatment increased the expression of β-catenin specific target genes, such as Osteocalcin and Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2, involved in osteoblast differentiation and migration, and increased alkaline phosphatase and collagen content, osteoblast differentiation markers. The ability of δ-TT to enhance the recruitment of BMSC, and to promote MC3T3-E1 differentiation and migratory behavior, indicates that δ-TT could be considered a promising natural anabolic compound.
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Fan C, Zhan SH, Dong ZX, Yang W, Deng WS, Liu X, Wang DA, Sun P. Cross-linked gelatin microsphere-based scaffolds as a delivery vehicle of MC3T3-E1 cells: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 108:110399. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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10
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Akalu Y, Molla MD, Dessie G, Ayelign B. Physiological Effect of Ghrelin on Body Systems. Int J Endocrinol 2020; 2020:1385138. [PMID: 32565790 PMCID: PMC7267865 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1385138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ghrelin is a relatively novel multifaceted hormone that has been found to exert a plethora of physiological effects. In this review, we found/confirmed that ghrelin has effect on all body systems. It induces appetite; promotes the use of carbohydrates as a source of fuel while sparing fat; inhibits lipid oxidation and promotes lipogenesis; stimulates the gastric acid secretion and motility; improves cardiac performance; decreases blood pressure; and protects the kidneys, heart, and brain. Ghrelin is important for learning, memory, cognition, reward, sleep, taste sensation, olfaction, and sniffing. It has sympatholytic, analgesic, antimicrobial, antifibrotic, and osteogenic effects. Moreover, ghrelin makes the skeletal muscle more excitable and stimulates its regeneration following injury; delays puberty; promotes fetal lung development; decreases thyroid hormone and testosterone; stimulates release of growth hormone, prolactin, glucagon, adrenocorticotropic hormone, cortisol, vasopressin, and oxytocin; inhibits insulin release; and promotes wound healing. Ghrelin protects the body by different mechanisms including inhibition of unwanted inflammation and induction of autophagy. Having a clear understanding of the ghrelin effect in each system has therapeutic implications. Future studies are necessary to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of ghrelin actions as well as its application as a GHSR agonist to treat most common diseases in each system without any paradoxical outcomes on the other systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonas Akalu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Meseret Derbew Molla
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Gashaw Dessie
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Birhanu Ayelign
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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11
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Qin D, Zhang H, Zhang H, Sun T, Zhao H, Lee WH. Anti-osteoporosis effects of osteoking via reducing reactive oxygen species. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 244:112045. [PMID: 31260757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Osteoking is a Traditional Chinese Medicine consisting of seven types of medicinal herbs originated from Yi nationality and has been used in clinic to treat bone diseases for thousands of years in China. Osteoking shows excellent clinical therapeutic effects on osteoporosis, but it is not clear whether Osteoking could exhibit beneficial effects against osteoporosis via reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS). AIM OF THE STUDY To explore whether the protective effects of Osteoking on osteoporosis related to ROS, we investigated the effects of Osteoking on osteogenesis differentiation under oxidative stress. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ovariectomized (OVX) osteoporosis model was established by ovarian surgery, and Osteoking was orally administrated for 84 days. Then the pathogenesis changes of femur were analyzed by Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson's trichrome staining. The levels of ROS, malondialdehyde (MDA)and superoxide dismutase (SOD) from rats' serum were further measured. In vitro, mouse pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells pre-treated with or without 0.25 mM tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) for 2 h were cultured and treated with different dilutions of Osteoking or 20 μM N-Acetyl-L-cysteine for another 24 h, respectively. The intracellular ROS production and markers of oxidative damage of the MC3T3-E1 cells were determined using corresponding kits, respectively. The expressions of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), collagen type I, osteoprotegerin (OPG), TGF-β1, β-catenin, receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were further analyzed by qRT-PCR and western blotting upon treatment. RESULTS Our results showed that Osteoking significantly improving trabecular microstructure by promoting collagen fiber repair and new bone or cartilage regeneration was demonstrated in OVX osteoporosis rat models by micro-CT analysis and histological staining results. Osteoking supplementation reduced the levels of ROS and MDA in OVX rat serum and increased SOD activities. In addition, Osteoking could also up-regulate the proteins expression levels of Runx2, osteocalcin (BGP) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) but reducing the expression of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). In vitro, Osteoking could effectively inhibit the t-BHP-induced intracellular excessive ROS production and protect cells from oxidative stress in mouse pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. Meanwhile, the mRNA expressions of ALP, collagen type I, OPG, TGF-β1 and β-catenin were also up-regulated whereas the RANKL and IL-6 were down-regulated in Osteoking-treated MC3T3-E1 cells. CONCLUSIONS A novel therapeutic mechanism of Osteoking on osteoporosis reveals by present investigation. Clinic effects of Osteoking to treat osteoporosis are closely related to its ability to reduce oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Qin
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Medicine in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Huijie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Medicine in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Hongfei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Medicine in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Tongyi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biological Medicine in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Hongbin Zhao
- First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China.
| | - Wen-Hui Lee
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Medicine in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China.
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12
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Beneficial effects of δ-tocotrienol against oxidative stress in osteoblastic cells: studies on the mechanisms of action. Eur J Nutr 2019; 59:1975-1987. [PMID: 31280345 PMCID: PMC7351870 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-02047-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Natural antioxidants are considered as promising compounds in the prevention/treatment of osteoporosis. We studied the ability of purified δ-tocotrienol (δ-TT) isolated from a commercial palm oil (Elaeis guineensis) fraction to protect osteoblast MC3T3-E1 and osteocyte MLO-Y4 cells against tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced oxidative damage and the mechanisms involved in its protective action in MC3T3-E1. Methods MC3T3-E1 and MLO-Y4 cells were treated with δ-TT (1.25–20 µg/ml for 2 h) followed by t-BHP at 250 µM or 125 µM for 3 h, respectively. MTT test was used to measure cell viability. Apoptotic cells were stained with Hoechst-33258 dye. Intracellular ROS levels were measured by dichlorofluorescein CM-DCFA. The OPT fluorimetric assay was used to detect the reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione ratio (GSH/GSSG) contents. Results δ-TT significantly prevented the effects of t-BHP on cell viability and apoptosis reaching a maximum protective activity at 10 and 5 µg/ml in MC3T3-E1 and MLO-Y4 cells, respectively. This protective effect was due to a reduction of intracellular ROS levels and an increase in the defense systems shown by the increase in the GSH/GSSG. GSH loss induced by an inhibitor of GSH synthesis significantly reduced the δ-TT-positive effect on ROS levels. δ-TT prevention of oxidative damage was completely removed by combined treatment with the specific inhibitors of PI3K/AKT (LY294002) and Nrf2 (ML385). Conclusions The δ-TT protective effect against oxidative damage in MC3T3-E1 cells is due to a reduction of intracellular ROS levels and an increase of the GSH/GSSG ratio, and involves an interaction between the PI3K/Akt–Nrf2 signaling pathways.
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Churm R, Caplin S, Barry J, Davies JS, Stephens JW, Prior SL. Acyl-ghrelin mediated lipid retention and inflammation in obesity-related Type 2 diabetes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 481:8-13. [PMID: 30439508 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Acyl-ghrelin has various peripheral effects including the potential role in mediating cellular lipid removal and macrophage polarization. Previous reports are contradictory as to how glycaemia and acyl-ghrelin mediates lipid retention and inflammation within individuals with Type 2 diabetes (T2D). Our aim was to explore acyl-ghrelin levels and ghrelin expression in relation to lipid and inflammatory markers within an ex vivo human model, biopsied visceral adipose tissue. Results indicated that acyl-ghrelin was associated with a decline in key lipid homeostasis genes ABCG1 and LXRβ expression. Within T2D there was also a down regulation of these genes which was independent of acyl-ghrelin levels. Circulatory pro-inflammatory markers (IL-6 and TNFα) had no association with ghrelin expression nor circulating acyl-ghrelin levels. Anti-inflammatory marker (IL-10) and total antioxidant status (TAOS%) were positively associated with ghrelin expression across samples from all groups combined (total sample cohort) and specifically within the obesity sample cohorts. Data supported the hypothesis that hyperglycaemia and acyl-ghrelin have a regulatory role in lipid retention. Furthermore, that both acyl- and desacyl-ghrelin is responsible for a protective inflammatory response; however this response is diminished in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Churm
- Diabetes Research Group, Grove Building, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.
| | - S Caplin
- Welsh Institute of Metabolic & Obesity Surgery, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, UK
| | - J Barry
- Welsh Institute of Metabolic & Obesity Surgery, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, UK
| | - J S Davies
- Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Institute of Life Science 1, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - J W Stephens
- Diabetes Research Group, Grove Building, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - S L Prior
- Diabetes Research Group, Grove Building, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
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Ceriotti S, Consiglio AL, Casati L, Cremonesi F, Sibilia V, Ferrucci F. The ghrelin paradox in the control of equine chondrocyte function: The good and the bad. Peptides 2018. [PMID: 29526750 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests a role for ghrelin in the control of articular inflammatory diseases like osteoarthritis (OA). In the present study we examined the ability of ghrelin to counteract LPS-induced necrosis and apoptosis of chondrocytes and the involvement of GH secretagogue receptor (GHS-R)1a in the protective action of ghrelin. The effects of ghrelin (10-7-10-11 mol/L) on equine primary cultured chondrocytes viability and necrosis in basal conditions and under LPS treatment (100 ng/ml) were detected by using both acridine orange/propidium iodide staining and annexin-5/propidium iodide staining. The presence of GHS-R1a on chondrocytes was detected by Western Blot. The involvement of the GHS-R1a in the ghrelin effect against LPS-induced cytotoxicity was examined by pretreating chondrocytes with D-Lys3-GHRP-6, a specific GHS-R1a antagonist, and by using des-acyl ghrelin (DAG, 10-7 and 10-9 mol/L) which did not recognize the GHS-R 1a. Low ghrelin concentrations reduced chondrocyte viability whereas 10-7 mol/L ghrelin protects against LPS-induced cellular damage. The protective effect of ghrelin depends on the interaction with the GHS-R1a since it is significantly reduced by D-Lys3-GHRP-6. The negative action of ghrelin involves caspase activation and could be due to an interaction with a GHS-R type different from the GHS-R1a recognized by both low ghrelin concentrations and DAG. DAG, in fact, induces a dose-dependent decrease in chondrocyte viability and exacerbates LPS-induced damage. These data indicate that ghrelin protects chondrocytes against LPS-induced damage via interaction with GHS-R1a and suggest the potential utility of local GHS-R1a agonist administration to treat articular inflammatory diseases such as OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Ceriotti
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, School of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Anna Lange Consiglio
- Reproduction Unit, Large Animal Veterinary Hospital (Lodi), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Lavinia Casati
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Fausto Cremonesi
- Reproduction Unit, Large Animal Veterinary Hospital (Lodi), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Valeria Sibilia
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.
| | - Francesco Ferrucci
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, School of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
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Nokhbehsaim M, Memmert S, Damanaki A, Nanayakkara S, Zhou X, Jäger A, Deschner J. Effect of interleukin-1β on ghrelin receptor in periodontal cells. Clin Oral Investig 2018. [PMID: 29541916 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2417-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Periodontopathogens induce immunoinflammatory responses characterized by the release of inflammatory mediators, e.g., interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-8. Ghrelin (GHRL) is an appetite hormone which mediates its effect via the functional receptor GHS-R1a. This study was to examine the effect of an inflammatory insult on GHS-R1a in human periodontal cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Periodontal ligament (PDL) cells and gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) were exposed to IL-1β in the presence and absence of GHRL. Cells were also pre-incubated with specific inhibitors of NF-κB or MEK1/MEK2 signaling. Gene expression of GHS-R1a and proinflammatory mediators was assessed by real-time PCR, GHS-R1 protein level by immunocytochemistry, and NF-κB nuclear translocation by immunofluorescence. RESULTS IL-1β increased significantly the GHS-R1a expression in both cell types in a dose-dependent manner. The stimulatory effect of IL-1β involved the NF-κB and MAPK pathways. Exposure of cells to IL-1β also resulted in an increased production of GHS-R1 protein in both cell types. Furthermore, GHRL counteracted significantly the stimulatory actions of IL-1β on IL-6 and IL-8 in PDL cells. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates for the first time that IL-1β upregulates the functional ghrelin receptor in periodontal fibroblastic cells. Moreover, these results further support the assumption that the GHRL/GHS-R system exerts anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, the upregulation of ghrelin receptor in periodontal cells in response to an inflammatory stimulus may represent a negative feedback mechanism to attenuate the initial inflammatory process in periodontal diseases. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The anti-inflammatory GHRL/GHS-R system may serve as a promising target for the prevention and therapy of periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Nokhbehsaim
- Section of Experimental Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstrasse 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Svenja Memmert
- Section of Experimental Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstrasse 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Orthodontics, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna Damanaki
- Section of Experimental Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstrasse 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany
| | - Shanika Nanayakkara
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Institute of Dental Research, Westmead Centre for Oral Health and Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Xiaoyan Zhou
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Institute of Dental Research, Westmead Centre for Oral Health and Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andreas Jäger
- Department of Orthodontics, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - James Deschner
- Section of Experimental Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstrasse 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany.,Noel Martin Visiting Chair, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Ghrelin protects against depleted uranium-induced bone damage by increasing osteoprotegerin/RANKL ratio. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 343:62-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Potential of delphinidin-3-rutinoside extracted from Solanum melongena L. as promoter of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 function and antagonist of oxidative damage. Eur J Nutr 2018; 58:1019-1032. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1618-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Casati L, Pagani F, Braga PC, Lo Scalzo R, Sibilia V. Nasunin, a new player in the field of osteoblast protection against oxidative stress. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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19
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Gortan Cappellari G, Zanetti M, Semolic A, Vinci P, Ruozi G, Falcione A, Filigheddu N, Guarnieri G, Graziani A, Giacca M, Barazzoni R. Unacylated Ghrelin Reduces Skeletal Muscle Reactive Oxygen Species Generation and Inflammation and Prevents High-Fat Diet-Induced Hyperglycemia and Whole-Body Insulin Resistance in Rodents. Diabetes 2016; 65:874-86. [PMID: 26822085 DOI: 10.2337/db15-1019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and inflammation may contribute to obesity-associated skeletal muscle insulin resistance. Ghrelin is a gastric hormone whose unacylated form (UnAG) is associated with whole-body insulin sensitivity in humans and may reduce oxidative stress in nonmuscle cells in vitro. We hypothesized that UnAG 1) lowers muscle ROS production and inflammation and enhances tissue insulin action in lean rats and 2) prevents muscle metabolic alterations and normalizes insulin resistance and hyperglycemia in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. In 12-week-old lean rats, UnAG (4-day, twice-daily subcutaneous 200-µg injections) reduced gastrocnemius mitochondrial ROS generation and inflammatory cytokines while enhancing AKT-dependent signaling and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. In HFD-treated mice, chronic UnAG overexpression prevented obesity-associated hyperglycemia and whole-body insulin resistance (insulin tolerance test) as well as muscle oxidative stress, inflammation, and altered insulin signaling. In myotubes, UnAG consistently lowered mitochondrial ROS production and enhanced insulin signaling, whereas UnAG effects were prevented by small interfering RNA-mediated silencing of the autophagy mediator ATG5. Thus, UnAG lowers mitochondrial ROS production and inflammation while enhancing insulin action in rodent skeletal muscle. In HFD-induced obesity, these effects prevent hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Stimulated muscle autophagy could contribute to UnAG activities. These findings support UnAG as a therapeutic strategy for obesity-associated metabolic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michela Zanetti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Annamaria Semolic
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Pierandrea Vinci
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giulia Ruozi
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Antonella Falcione
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Filigheddu
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro," Novara, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Guarnieri
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrea Graziani
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro," Novara, Italy Medical School, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Giacca
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Rocco Barazzoni
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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Luo ZC, Bilodeau JF, Nuyt AM, Fraser WD, Julien P, Audibert F, Xiao L, Garofalo C, Levy E. Perinatal Oxidative Stress May Affect Fetal Ghrelin Levels in Humans. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17881. [PMID: 26643495 PMCID: PMC4672324 DOI: 10.1038/srep17881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro cell model studies have shown that oxidative stress may affect beta-cell function. It is unknown whether oxidative stress may affect metabolic health in human fetuses/newborns. In a singleton pregnancy cohort (n = 248), we studied maternal (24–28 weeks gestation) and cord plasma biomarkers of oxidative stress [malondialdehyde (MDA), F2-isoprostanes] in relation to fetal metabolic health biomarkers including cord plasma glucose-to-insulin ratio (an indicator of insulin sensitivity), proinsulin-to-insulin ratio (an indicator of beta-cell function), insulin, IGF-I, IGF-II, leptin, adiponectin and ghrelin concentrations. Strong positive correlations were observed between maternal and cord plasma biomarkers of oxidative stress (r = 0.33 for MDA, r = 0.74 for total F2-isoprostanes, all p < 0.0001). Adjusting for gestational age at blood sampling, cord plasma ghrelin concentrations were consistently negatively correlated to oxidative stress biomarkers in maternal (r = −0.32, p < 0.0001 for MDA; r = −0.31, p < 0.0001 for F2-isoprostanes) or cord plasma (r = −0.13, p = 0.04 for MDA; r = −0.32, p < 0.0001 for F2-isoprostanes). Other fetal metabolic health biomarkers were not correlated to oxidative stress. Adjusting for maternal and pregnancy characteristics, similar associations were observed. Our study provides the first preliminary evidence suggesting that oxidative stress may affect fetal ghrelin levels in humans. The implications in developmental “programming” the vulnerability to metabolic syndrome related disorders remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Cheng Luo
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China 200092.,Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pediatrics University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada H3T 1C5
| | - Jean-François Bilodeau
- Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Medicine University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada H3T 1C5
| | - Anne Monique Nuyt
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nutrition University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada H3T 1C5
| | - William D Fraser
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada J1H 5N4
| | - Pierre Julien
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Molecular and Oncologic Endocrinology and Human Genomics Research Center, Quebec City, Canada G1V 4G2.,Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada G1V 4G2
| | - Francois Audibert
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pediatrics University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada H3T 1C5
| | - Lin Xiao
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pediatrics University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada H3T 1C5
| | - Carole Garofalo
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada H3T 1C5
| | - Emile Levy
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada H3T 1C5
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Gortan Cappellari G, Zanetti M, Semolic A, Vinci P, Ruozi G, De Nardo M, Filigheddu N, Guarnieri G, Giacca M, Graziani A, Barazzoni R. Unacylated ghrelin does not alter mitochondrial function, redox state and triglyceride content in rat liver in vivo. CLINICAL NUTRITION EXPERIMENTAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yclnex.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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22
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Hao Y, Liu C, Huang J, Gu Y, Li H, Yang Z, Liu J, Wang W, Li R. Ghrelin protects against depleted uranium-induced apoptosis of MC3T3-E1 cells through oxidative stress-mediated p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 290:116-25. [PMID: 26529667 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Depleted uranium (DU) mainly accumulates in the bone over the long term. Osteoblast cells are responsible for the formation of bone, and they are sensitive to DU damage. However, studies investigating methods of reducing DU damage in osteoblasts are rarely reported. Ghrelin is a stomach hormone that stimulates growth hormones released from the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, and it is believed to play an important physiological role in bone metabolism. This study evaluates the impact of ghrelin on DU-induced apoptosis of the osteoblast MC3T3-E1 and investigates its underlying mechanisms. The results show that ghrelin relieved the intracellular oxidative stress induced by DU, eliminated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced lipid peroxidation by increasing intracellular GSH levels; in addition, ghrelin effectively suppressed apoptosis, enhanced mitochondrial membrane potential, and inhibited cytochrome c release and caspase-3 activation after DU exposure. Moreover, ghrelin significantly reduced the expression of DU-induced phosphorylated p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). A specific inhibitor (SB203580) or specific siRNA of p38-MAPK could significantly suppress DU-induced apoptosis and related signals, whereas ROS production was not affected. In addition, ghrelin receptor inhibition could reduce the anti-apoptosis effect of ghrelin on DU and reverse the effect of ghrelin on intracellular ROS and p38-MAPK after DU exposure. These results suggest that ghrelin can suppress DU-induced apoptosis of MC3T3-E1 cells, reduce DU-induced oxidative stress by interacting with its receptor, and inhibit downstream p38-MAPK activation, thereby suppressing the mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Cong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jiawei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ying Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhangyou Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People Hospital, Shanghai 200233, PR China.
| | - Rong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China.
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Angelino E, Reano S, Ferrara M, Agosti E, Graziani A, Filigheddu N. Antifibrotic activity of acylated and unacylated ghrelin. Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015:385682. [PMID: 25960743 PMCID: PMC4415458 DOI: 10.1155/2015/385682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis can affect almost all tissues and organs, it often represents the terminal stage of chronic diseases, and it is regarded as a major health issue for which efficient therapies are needed. Tissue injury, by inducing necrosis/apoptosis, triggers inflammatory response that, in turn, promotes fibroblast activation and pathological deposition of extracellular matrix. Acylated and unacylated ghrelin are the main products of the ghrelin gene. The acylated form, through its receptor GHSR-1a, stimulates appetite and growth hormone (GH) release. Although unacylated ghrelin does not bind or activate GHSR-1a, it shares with the acylated form several biological activities. Ghrelin peptides exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and antiapoptotic activities, suggesting that they might represent an efficient approach to prevent or reduce fibrosis. The aim of this review is to summarize the available evidence regarding the effects of acylated and unacylated ghrelin on different pathologies and experimental models in which fibrosis is a predominant characteristic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Angelino
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Simone Reano
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Michele Ferrara
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Emanuela Agosti
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Andrea Graziani
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Filigheddu
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
- *Nicoletta Filigheddu:
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Callaghan B, Furness JB. Novel and Conventional Receptors for Ghrelin, Desacyl-Ghrelin, and Pharmacologically Related Compounds. Pharmacol Rev 2014; 66:984-1001. [DOI: 10.1124/pr.113.008433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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