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Chen Q, Fang Z, Yang Z, Xv X, Yang M, Hou H, Li Z, Chen Y, Gong A. Lactobacillus plantarum-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Modulate Macrophage Polarization and Gut Homeostasis for Alleviating Ulcerative Colitis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:14713-14726. [PMID: 38885172 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles released by probiotics have been demonstrated to effectively alleviate intestinal inflammation, yet the precise underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this research, for the first time, Lactobacillus plantarum UJS001 (LP-UJS) was isolated from fermented sauerkraut in Zhenjiang, China. Thereafter, the therapeutic effect of LP-UJS-derived extracellular vesicles (LP-UJS-EVs) on dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) in mice was analyzed to elucidate the immune mechanisms. According to our findings, LP-UJS-EVs played a pivotal role in restoring the intestinal barrier and alleviating intestinal inflammation. Notably, LP-UJS-EVs induced M2 polarization of macrophages, promoted the release of IL-10 and TGF-β, inhibited the release of histamine, IL-6, and TNF-α, and exerted regulatory effects on intestinal microflora, as evidenced by the reduced abundances of Coprococcus, Parabacteroides, Staphylococcus, and Allobaculum, alongside the enhanced abundance of Prevotella. Furthermore, both LP-UJS and LP-UJS-EVs affected the lysine degradation pathway and significantly increased the abundance of related metabolites, especially oxoadipic acid. In summary, our results underscore the substantial therapeutic potential of LP-UJS and its secreted EVs in the treatment of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212003, China
| | - Zhengzou Fang
- Hematological Disease Institute of Jiangsu University, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212003, China
| | - Zhe Yang
- Hematological Disease Institute of Jiangsu University, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212003, China
| | - Xiao Xv
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212003, China
| | - Mengting Yang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212003, China
| | - Hanjin Hou
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212003, China
| | - Zhangzuo Li
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212003, China
| | - Yanyan Chen
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212003, China
- Hematological Disease Institute of Jiangsu University, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212003, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Aihua Gong
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212003, China
- Hematological Disease Institute of Jiangsu University, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212003, China
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Hao Z, Ding X, Wang J. Effects of gut bacteria and their metabolites on gut health of animals. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2024; 127:223-252. [PMID: 38763528 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2024.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
The intestine tract is a vital site for the body to acquire nutrients, serving as the largest immune organ. Intestinal health is crucial for maintaining a normal physiological state. Abundant microorganisms reside in the intestine, colonized in a symbiotic manner. These microorganisms can generate various metabolites that influence host physiological activities. Microbial metabolites serve as signaling molecules or metabolic substrates in the intestine, and some intestinal microorganisms act as probiotics and promote intestinal health. Researches on host, probiotics, microbial metabolites and their interactions are ongoing. This study reviews the effects of gut bacteria and their metabolites on intestinal health to provide useful references for animal husbandry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Hao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xuedong Ding
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
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Zhou Y, Chen Y, He H, Peng M, Zeng M, Sun H. The role of the indoles in microbiota-gut-brain axis and potential therapeutic targets: A focus on human neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases. Neuropharmacology 2023; 239:109690. [PMID: 37619773 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
At present, a large number of relevant studies have suggested that the changes in gut microbiota are related to the course of nervous system diseases, and the microbiota-gut-brain axis is necessary for the proper functioning of the nervous system. Indole and its derivatives, as the products of the gut microbiota metabolism of tryptophan, can be used as ligands to regulate inflammation and autoimmune response in vivo. In recent years, some studies have found that the levels of indole and its derivatives differ significantly between patients with central nervous system diseases and healthy individuals, suggesting that they may be important mediators for the involvement of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in the disease course. Tryptophan metabolites produced by gut microbiota are involved in multiple physiological reactions, take indole for example, it participates in the process of inflammation and anti-inflammatory effects through various cellular physiological activities mediated by aromatic hydrocarbon receptors (AHR), which can influence a variety of neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases. This review mainly explores and summarizes the relationship between indoles and human neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders, including ischemic stroke, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, cognitive impairment, depression and anxiety, and puts forward that the level of indoles can be regulated through various direct or indirect ways to improve the prognosis of central nervous system diseases and reverse the dysfunction of the microbiota-gut-brain axis. This article is part of the Special Issue on "Microbiome & the Brain: Mechanisms & Maladies".
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhou
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital and the Second Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China; Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital and the Second Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China; Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Hui He
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital and the Second Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China; Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Meichang Peng
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital and the Second Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China; Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Meiqin Zeng
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital and the Second Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China; Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Haitao Sun
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital and the Second Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China; Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
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Barouei J, Martinic A, Bendiks Z, Mishchuk D, Heeney D, Slupsky CM, Marco ML. Type 2-resistant starch and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum NCIMB 8826 result in additive and interactive effects in diet-induced obese mice. Nutr Res 2023; 118:12-28. [PMID: 37536013 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about how combining a probiotic with prebiotic dietary fiber affects the ability of either biotic to improve health. We hypothesized that prebiotic, high-amylose maize type 2-resistant starch (RS) together with probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum NCIMB8826 (LP) as a complementary synbiotic results in additive effects on the gut microbiota in diet-induced obese mice and other body sites. Diet-induced obese C57BL/6J male mice were fed a high-fat diet adjusted to contain RS (20% by weight), LP (109 cells every 48 hours), or both (RS+LP) for 6 weeks. As found for mice fed RS, cecal bacterial alpha diversity was significantly reduced in mice given RS+LP compared with those fed LP and high-fat controls. Similarly, both RS+LP and RS also conferred lower quantities of cecal butyrate and serum histidine and higher ileal TLR2 transcript levels and adipose tissue interleukin-6 protein. As found for mice fed LP, RS+LP-fed mice had higher colonic tissue TH17 cytokines, reduced epididymal fat immune and oxidative stress responses, reduced serum carnitine levels, and increased transcript quantities of hepatic carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1α. Notably, compared with RS and LP consumed separately, there were also synergistic increases in colonic glucose and hepatic amino acids as well antagonistic effects of LP on RS-mediated increases in serum adiponectin and urinary toxin levels. Our findings show that it is not possible to fully predict outcomes of synbiotic applications based on findings of the probiotic or the prebiotic tested separately; therefore, studies should be conducted to test new synbiotic formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Barouei
- Integrated Food Security Research Center, College of Agriculture and Human Sciences, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX; Department of Food Science & Technology, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Alice Martinic
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Zach Bendiks
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Darya Mishchuk
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Dustin Heeney
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Carolyn M Slupsky
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of California, Davis, CA; Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Maria L Marco
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of California, Davis, CA.
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5
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Pieniazek A, Bernasinska-Slomczewska J, Hikisz P. Indoxyl sulfate induces apoptosis in mononuclear blood cells via mitochondrial pathway. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14044. [PMID: 37640757 PMCID: PMC10462746 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40824-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The consequence of chronic kidney disease is the accumulation of metabolic products called uremic toxins in the body. Indoxyl sulfate (IS) is a toxin with a high affinity for proteins. This study focuses on the deleterious effect of IS, especially apoptosis induction, in mononuclear blood cells (MNCs). Thus, in MNCs treated with IS at three different concentrations for 24 h, the survival, mitochondrial potential, caspases activity and expression, Bcl-2 and Bax protein expression, DNA damage, and PARP degradation were estimated. The study showed a decrease in survival and mitochondrial potential of MNCs treated with IS compared to the control. IS increased the activity of caspase 2-, 3-, 9-, and the expression of caspase 3-, and 9- in MNCs but does not affect the activity of caspase 6- and 8. The treatment of MNCs with IS also increased DNA damage and degradation of PARP. Indoxyl sulfate significantly influences the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins. Indoxyl sulfate induces the programmed death of MNCs through the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. The observed cellular changes are mostly dose-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pieniazek
- Department of Oncobiology and Epigenetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Ul. Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Joanna Bernasinska-Slomczewska
- Department of Oncobiology and Epigenetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Ul. Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Pawel Hikisz
- Department of Oncobiology and Epigenetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Ul. Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
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6
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Wu G. Nutrition and Gut Health: Recent Advances and Implications for Development of Functional Foods. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10075. [PMID: 37373221 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The small intestine is a highly differentiated and complex organ with many nutritional, physiological, and immunological functions [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyao Wu
- Departments of Animal Science and Medical Physiology and Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Ham S, Cho DH, Oh SJ, Hwang JH, Kim HJ, Shin N, Ahn J, Choi KY, Bhatia SK, Yang YH. Enhanced production of bio-indigo in engineered Escherichia coli, reinforced by cyclopropane-fatty acid-acyl-phospholipid synthase from psychrophilic Pseudomonas sp. B14-6. J Biotechnol 2023; 366:1-9. [PMID: 36849085 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2023.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Indigo dye is an organic compound with a distinctive blue color. Most of the indigo currently used in industry is produced via chemical synthesis, which generates a large amount of wastewater. Therefore, several studies have recently been conducted to find ways to produce indigo eco-friendly using microorganisms. Here, we produced indigo using recombinant Escherichia coli with both an indigo-producing plasmid and a cyclopropane fatty acid (CFA)-regulating plasmid. The CFA-regulating plasmid contains the cfa gene, and its expression increases the CFA composition of the phospholipid fatty acids of the cell membrane. Overexpression of cfa showed cytotoxicity resistance of indole, an intermediate product formed during the indigo production process. This had a positive effect on indigo production and cfa originated from Pseudomonas sp. B 14-6 was used. Optimal conditions for indigo production were determined by adjusting the expression strain, culture temperature, shaking speed, and isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside concentration. Treatment with Tween 80 at a particular concentration to increase the permeability of the cell membrane had a positive effect on indigo production. The strain with the CFA plasmid produced 4.1 mM of indigo after 24 h of culture and produced 1.5-fold higher indigo than the control strain without the CFA plasmid that produced 2.7 mM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sion Ham
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, the Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hyun Cho
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, the Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Jin Oh
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, the Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hyeon Hwang
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, the Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, the Republic of Korea
| | - Nara Shin
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, the Republic of Korea
| | - Jungoh Ahn
- Biotechnology Process Engineering Center, Korea Research Institute Bioscience Biotechnology (KRIBB), the Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon-Young Choi
- Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, College of Engineering, Ajou University, the Republic of Korea; Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, the Republic of Korea
| | - Shashi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Yung-Hun Yang
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, the Republic of Korea.
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Song C, Chang L, Wang B, Zhang Z, Wei Y, Dou Y, Qi K, Yang F, Li X, Li X, Wang K, Qiao R, Han X. Seminal plasma metabolomics analysis of differences in liquid preservation ability of boar sperm. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad392. [PMID: 38006391 PMCID: PMC10718801 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The preservation of semen is pivotal in animal reproduction to ensure successful fertilization and genetic improvement of livestock and poultry. However, investigating the underlying causes of differences in sperm liquid preservation ability and identifying relevant biomarkers remains a challenge. This study utilized liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to analyze the metabolite composition of seminal plasma (SP) from two groups with extreme differences in sperm liquid preservation ability. The two groups namely the good liquid preservation ability (GPA) and the poor preservation ability (PPA). The aim was to explore the relationship between metabolite composition in SP and sperm liquid preservation ability, and to identify candidate biomarkers associated with this ability of sperm. The results revealed the identification of 756 metabolites and 70 differentially expressed metabolites (DEM) in the SP from two groups of boar semen with differing liquid preservation abilities at 17 °C. The majority of identified metabolites in the SP belonged to organic acids and derivatives as well as lipids and lipid-like molecules. The DEM in the SP primarily consisted of amino acids, peptides, and analogs. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis also demonstrated that the DEM are mainly concentrated in amino acid synthesis and metabolism-related pathways (P < 0.05). Furthermore, eleven key metabolites were identified and six target amino acids were verified, and the results were consistent with the non-targeted metabolic analysis. These findings indicated that amino acids and their associated pathways play a potential role in determining boar sperm quality and liquid preservation ability. D-proline, arginine, L-citrulline, phenylalanine, leucine, DL-proline, DL-serine, and indole may serve as potential biomarkers for early assessment of boar sperm liquid preservation ability. The findings of this study are helpful in understanding the causes and mechanisms of differences in the liquid preservation ability of boar sperm, and provide valuable insights for improving semen quality assessment methods and developing novel extenders or protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglei Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Lebin Chang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Bingjie Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yilin Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yaqing Dou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Kunlong Qi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Feng Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiuling Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xinjian Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Kejun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ruimin Qiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xuelei Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois Blachier
- Research Director at the National Institute for Agriculture, Alimentation and Environment, Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior Unit, Université Paris-Saclay/AgroParistech/INRAE, Paris, France.
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science, University Distinguished Professor, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX, USA
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Song S, Wood TK. Manipulating indole symbiont signalling. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2022; 14:691-696. [PMID: 35667868 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.13100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sooyeon Song
- Department of Animal Science, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Agricultural Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Thomas K Wood
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Guerbette T, Boudry G, Lan A. Mitochondrial function in intestinal epithelium homeostasis and modulation in diet-induced obesity. Mol Metab 2022; 63:101546. [PMID: 35817394 PMCID: PMC9305624 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Systemic low-grade inflammation observed in diet-induced obesity has been associated with dysbiosis and disturbance of intestinal homeostasis. This latter relies on an efficient epithelial barrier and coordinated intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) renewal that are supported by their mitochondrial function. However, IEC mitochondrial function might be impaired by high fat diet (HFD) consumption, notably through gut-derived metabolite production and fatty acids, that may act as metabolic perturbators of IEC. Scope of review This review presents the current general knowledge on mitochondria, before focusing on IEC mitochondrial function and its role in the control of intestinal homeostasis, and featuring the known effects of nutrients and metabolites, originating from the diet or gut bacterial metabolism, on IEC mitochondrial function. It then summarizes the impact of HFD on mitochondrial function in IEC of both small intestine and colon and discusses the possible link between mitochondrial dysfunction and altered intestinal homeostasis in diet-induced obesity. Major conclusions HFD consumption provokes a metabolic shift toward fatty acid β-oxidation in the small intestine epithelial cells and impairs colonocyte mitochondrial function, possibly through downstream consequences of excessive fatty acid β-oxidation and/or the presence of deleterious metabolites produced by the gut microbiota. Decreased levels of ATP and concomitant O2 leaks into the intestinal lumen could explain the alterations of intestinal epithelium dynamics, barrier disruption and dysbiosis that contribute to the loss of epithelial homeostasis in diet-induced obesity. However, the effect of HFD on IEC mitochondrial function in the small intestine remains unknown and the precise mechanisms by which HFD induces mitochondrial dysfunction in the colon have not been elucidated so far.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gaëlle Boudry
- Institut Numecan, INSERM, INRAE, Univ Rennes, Rennes, France.
| | - Annaïg Lan
- Institut Numecan, INSERM, INRAE, Univ Rennes, Rennes, France; Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, Paris, France
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12
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Production of Indole and Indole-Related Compounds by the Intestinal Microbiota and Consequences for the Host: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10050930. [PMID: 35630374 PMCID: PMC9145683 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10050930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota metabolic activity towards the available substrates generates myriad bacterial metabolites that may accumulate in the luminal fluid. Among them, indole and indole-related compounds are produced by specific bacterial species from tryptophan. Although indole-related compounds are, first, involved in intestinal microbial community communication, these molecules are also active on the intestinal mucosa, exerting generally beneficial effects in different experimental situations. After absorption, indole is partly metabolized in the liver into the co-metabolite indoxyl sulfate. Although some anti-inflammatory actions of indole on liver cells have been shown, indoxyl sulfate is a well-known uremic toxin that aggravates chronic kidney disease, through deleterious effects on kidney cells. Indoxyl sulfate is also known to provoke endothelial dysfunction. Regarding the central nervous system, emerging research indicates that indole at excessive concentrations displays a negative impact on emotional behavior. The indole-derived co-metabolite isatin appears, in pre-clinical studies, to accumulate in the brain, modulating brain function either positively or negatively, depending on the doses used. Oxindole, a bacterial metabolite that enters the brain, has shown deleterious effects on the central nervous system in experimental studies. Lastly, recent studies performed with indoxyl sulfate report either beneficial or deleterious effects depending once again on the dose used, with missing information on the physiological concentrations that are reaching the central nervous system. Any intervention aiming at modulating indole and indole-related compound concentrations in the biological fluids should crucially take into account the dual effects of these compounds according to the host tissues considered.
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