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Vashistha VK, Sethi S, Mittal A, Das DK, Pullabhotla RVSR, Bala R, Yadav S. Stereoselective analysis of chiral pesticides: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:153. [PMID: 38225517 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12310-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Chiral organic pollutants, including pesticides, herbicides, medicines, flame retardants, and polycyclic musk, represent a significant threat to both the environment and human health. The presence of asymmetric centers in the structure of chiral pesticides introduces stereoisomers with distinct distributions, fates, biomagnification capacities, and cytotoxicities. In aquatic environments, pesticides, as persistent/pseudo-persistent compounds, have been detected in substantial quantities, posing severe risks to non-target species and, ultimately, public health through water supply and food exposures. In response to this environmental challenge, stereoselective analytical methods have gained prominence for the identification of pesticide/drug enantiomers in recent years. This review examines the environmental impact of chiral pesticides, emphasizing the distinct biological activities and distribution patterns of their stereoisomers. By highlighting the advancements in liquid chromatography for enantiomeric analysis, the review aims to underscore the urgent need for a comprehensive understanding of these pollutants to facilitate informed remediation strategies and ensure the safer dispersal of chiral organic pollutants in the environment, thereby addressing the potential risks they pose to ecosystems and human health. Future research should focus on developing sustainable and efficient methodologies for the precise analysis of stereoisomers in complex matrices, particularly in sewage water, emphasizing the importance of sewage processing plants in ensuring water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonika Sethi
- Department of Chemistry, GD Goenka University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Ankit Mittal
- Department of Chemistry, Shyamlal College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Dipak Kumar Das
- Department of Chemistry, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, India
| | - Rajasekhar V S R Pullabhotla
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering, University of Zululand, P/Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa, 3886, South Africa
| | - Renu Bala
- Department of Chemistry, Kalindi College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Suman Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Swami Shraddhanand College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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Zhong J, Liu X, Chen L, Li K, Hu Q, Wu K, Zhou J, Shi Y, Fan H. Simultaneous separation and determination of several chiral antidepressants and their enantiomers in wastewater by online heart-cutting two-dimensional liquid chromatography. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 263:115302. [PMID: 37506440 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
A novel method for simultaneous separation and detection of the racemates and the enantiomers of common chiral antidepressants in wastewater matrix was developed by online heart-cutting two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) coupled to solid-phase extraction (SPE). Screening of chiral stationary phases (CSPs) and chromatographic conditions was investigated for complete enantioseparation to be compatible with RP-HPLC in 1st D-LC. Using methanol-0.1 % (v/v) ammonia solution as mobile phase, a 2D-LC system was configured by reversed mode with a combination of C18 column and the serially CPS columns as 2D-LC stationary phases respectively. The target analytes could achieve satisfactory transformation between 2D-LCs with transfer rate of 90.57-98.58 %. By means of freeze-drying and SPE, three antidepressants in wastewater were greatly preconcentrated under the optimized conditions, improving the method performance. The racemates and the enantiomers of mirtazapine, bupropion and fluoxetine exhibited good linearity in the range of 0.10-30.00 ng/mL (R2≥0.9986), and LODs and LOQs ranged in 0.0183-0.0549 ng/mL and 0.0661-0.1831 ng/mL, respectively. By this way, the method was successfully applied to simultaneous determination of the racemates and the enantiomers of mirtazapine, bupropion and fluoxetine in wastewater samples. Among them, three samples contained bupropion at level of 0.401-0.822 ng/mL, and mirtazapine at level of 0.328 and fluoxetine at level of 0.381 ng/mL were detected respectively in the other two samples. The enantiomers were at level of 0.140-0.189 ng/mL for mirtazapine, 0.182-0.419 ng/mL for bupropion and 0.179-0.204 ng/mL for fluoxetine, respectively. The proposed method providing an efficient approach to monitoring chiral drugs and their enantiomers in wastewater, facilitating to pollution assessment of chiral drugs in the environment and regional survey of illicit abuse in drug control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjian Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Nano Diagnosis for Health Biotech (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510535, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Anti-Drug Technology Center of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Psychoactive Substances Monitoring and Safety, Guangzhou 510230, China
| | - Linzhou Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Nano Diagnosis for Health Biotech (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510535, China
| | - Kan Li
- Anti-Drug Technology Center of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Psychoactive Substances Monitoring and Safety, Guangzhou 510230, China
| | - Qingkun Hu
- Anti-Drug Technology Center of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Psychoactive Substances Monitoring and Safety, Guangzhou 510230, China
| | - Ke Wu
- Nano Diagnosis for Health Biotech (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510535, China
| | - Jidan Zhou
- Nano Diagnosis for Health Biotech (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510535, China
| | - Yuesen Shi
- Anti-Drug Technology Center of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Psychoactive Substances Monitoring and Safety, Guangzhou 510230, China.
| | - Huajun Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Nano Diagnosis for Health Biotech (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510535, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Long Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Shu-Ting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiu-Ping Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Vyas R, Vashistha VK, Sharma A, Kumar R, Bhardwaj S, Meena JS, Gupta H, Nagar H. Enantioresolution of three β-blockers using l-glutamic acid as chiral selector by thin-layer chromatographic methods. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00764-022-00200-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Vashistha VK, Verma N, Kumar R, Tyagi I, Gaur A, Bala R. Enantioseparation of linezolid and tedizolid using validated high-performance liquid chromatographic method. Chirality 2022; 34:1044-1052. [PMID: 35577389 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the separation of two chiral antibacterial agents namely, linezolid and tedizolid using a validated high-performance liquid chromatographic method. In the current work, glycopeptide-based chiral column, CHIROBIOTIC® V2 (5-μm particle size, L × I.D. 25 cm × 4.6 mm) was employed with a mobile phase containing methanol and 0.15% aq. trifluoracetic acid (75:25%, v/v) in isocratic elution approach at flow rate of 1 ml min-1 . The separation condition was customized (in terms of resolution values and retention times) was carried out by changing the content of the mobile phase, column temperature, flow rate, and so on. Results showed that the chromatographic separation was achieved within 15 min and average resolution values were 4.6 and 4.8 for tedizolid and linezolid, respectively. The detection limit values were 14.85 and 14.16 ng ml-1 , respectively, for tedizolid enantiomers. Further, validation of separation parameters was performed by considering the international conference on harmonization guidelines, and ultimately, the mechanism of chiral recognition was also established.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nishant Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Kalindi College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Rajender Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Science, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Solan, India
| | - Inderjeet Tyagi
- Zoological Survey of India, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Government of India, Kolkata, India
| | - Aprajita Gaur
- Department of Chemistry, Kalindi College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Renu Bala
- Department of Chemistry, Kalindi College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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