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Kurihara T, Terada M, Numasawa S, Kusagawa Y, Maeo S, Kanehisa H, Isaka T. Effects of age and sex on association between toe muscular strength and vertical jump performance in adolescent populations. PLoS One 2022; 16:e0262100. [PMID: 34972181 PMCID: PMC8719687 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Toe muscular strength plays an important role in enhancing athletic performance because the forefoot is the only part of the body touching the ground. In general, muscular strength increases with age throughout adolescence, and sex-related difference in muscular strength becomes evident during childhood and adolescence. However, toe muscular strength is known to be levelled off after late adolescence in both sexes. For adolescent populations, therefore, the association of toe muscular strength with physical performance might differ with age and/or sex. This study aimed to investigate differences in relationships between toe muscular strength and vertical jump performance across sex and age in adolescent populations. The maximum isometric strength of the toe muscles and vertical jump height (VJ) were assessed in 479 junior high school students (JH) aged 12–14 years (243 boys and 236 girls) and 465 high school students (HS) aged 15–18 years (265 boys and 200 girls). Two types of measurements were performed to evaluate the toe muscular strength: toe gripping strength (TGS) with the metatarsophalangeal joint in the plantar flexed position and toe push strength (TPS) with the metatarsophalangeal joint in the dorsiflexed position. TGS and TPS were normalized to body weight. Two-way ANOVA showed that TGS had significant main effects of sex (boys > girls) and age (HS > JH) while TPS only had a significant main effect of sex (boys > girls). When the effects of sex and age were separately analyzed, VJ was significantly correlated with TGS in JH girls, HS girls, and JH boys (r = 0.253–0.269, p < 0.05), but not in HS boys (r = 0.062, p = 0.3351). These results suggest that toe muscular strength is relatively weakly associated with vertical jump performance in adolescent boys and girls, but the association would not be established in high school boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Kurihara
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Masafumi Terada
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Shun Numasawa
- Medical Committee of Osaka Basketball Association, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuki Kusagawa
- Graduate School of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Sumiaki Maeo
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kanehisa
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Tadao Isaka
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
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Simões D, Craveiro V, Santos MP, Camões M, Pires B, Ramos E. The effect of impact exercise on bone mineral density: A longitudinal study on non-athlete adolescents. Bone 2021; 153:116151. [PMID: 34391957 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE High impact exercise is known to induce osteogenic effects in the skeleton. However, less is known about the systemic effect of exercise practice in a potential adaptive mechanism of the skeletal accrual. This research aimed to assess the effect of impact exercise on bone mineral density (BMD) in the radius throughout adolescence. METHODS This study evaluated 1137 adolescents, at 13 and 17 years old, as part of the population-based cohort EPITeen. BMD (g/cm2) was measured at the ultradistal and proximal radius of the non-dominant forearm by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) using a Lunar® Peripheral Instantaneous X-ray Image device. The practice of (extra-curricular) exercise was categorized as: no exercise, exercise with high impact and exercise with low impact. Regression coefficients (β) and respective 95% confidence intervals (CI95%) were used to estimate the association between exercise practice categories at 13 years old and BMD at 13 and 17 years old and BMD gain between evaluations. RESULTS In boys, at 13 years, BMD was similar between the ones not practicing exercise and those practicing exercise with low impact, and the gain of BMD was also similar in both groups. Still in boys, at 13 years, those who practiced exercise with high impact presented higher mean (standard-deviation) of BMD, comparing to the other two groups (no exercise and low impact exercise), and also significantly increased the BMD gain between 13 and 17 years (β = 0.013; CI95%0.003;0.023). In girls, no statistically significant differences on BMD were found between the categories of exercise at 13 years and BMD at 17 years of age. CONCLUSION This research shows that the practice of high impact exercise could help to increase BMD more than low impact exercise even in a nonweight-bearing bone during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Simões
- EPIUnit - Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal; Santa Maria Health School, 4049-024 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vanda Craveiro
- EPIUnit - Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal; Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Paula Santos
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; CIAFEL - Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel Camões
- EPIUnit - Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Pires
- EPIUnit - Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Ramos
- EPIUnit - Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal; Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences, Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
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Ma B, Li C, Pan J, Zhang S, Dong H, Wu Y, Lv J. Causal Associations of Anthropometric Measurements With Fracture Risk and Bone Mineral Density: A Mendelian Randomization Study. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:1281-1287. [PMID: 33784428 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Uncovering additional causal clinical traits and exposure variables is important when studying osteoporosis mechanisms and for the prevention of osteoporosis. Until recently, the causal relationship between anthropometric measurements and osteoporosis had not been fully revealed. In the present study, we utilized several state-of-the-art Mendelian randomization (MR) methods to investigate whether height, body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), hip circumference (HC), and waist circumference (WC) are causally associated with two major characteristics of osteoporosis, bone mineral density (BMD) and fractures. Genomewide significant (p ≤ 5 × 10-8 ) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with the five anthropometric variables were obtained from previous large-scale genomewide association studies (GWAS) and were utilized as instrumental variables. Summary-level data of estimated bone mineral density (eBMD) and fractures were obtained from a large-scale UK Biobank GWAS. Of the MR methods utilized, the inverse-variance weighted method was the primary method used for analysis, and the weighted-median, MR-Egger, mode-based estimate, and MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier methods were utilized for sensitivity analyses. The results of the present study indicated that each increase in height equal to a single standard deviation (SD) was associated with a 9.9% increase in risk of fracture (odds ratio [OR] = 1.099; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.067-1.133; p = 8.793 × 10-10 ) and a 0.080 SD decrease of estimated bone mineral density (95% CI -0.106-(-0.054); p = 2.322 × 10-9 ). We also found that BMI was causally associated with eBMD (beta = 0.129, 95% CI 0.065-0.194; p = 8.113 × 10-5 ) but not associated with fracture. The WHR adjusted for BMI, HC adjusted for BMI, and WC adjusted for BMI were not found to be related to fracture occurrence or eBMD. In conclusion, the present study provided genetic evidence for certain causal relationships between anthropometric measurements and bone mineral density or fracture risk. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoshan Ma
- College of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China
| | - Chongyang Li
- College of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China
| | - Jianqiao Pan
- College of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China
| | - Shuzheng Zhang
- College of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China
| | - Heng Dong
- College of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China
| | - Yiming Wu
- College of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China
| | - Jun Lv
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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Saraiva BTC, Agostinete RR, Freitas Júnior IF, de Sousa DER, Gobbo LA, Tebar WR, Christofaro DGD. Association between handgrip strength and bone mineral density of Brazilian children and adolescents stratified by sex: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21:207. [PMID: 33910521 PMCID: PMC8080340 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-02669-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To examine the association of handgrip strength (HGS) and bone mineral density (BMD) of Brazilian children and adolescents. Methods The sample included 243 children and adolescents aged from 4 to 15 years (9.3 ± 2.2 years), 171 males and 72 females. The following measurements were performed: weight, height, trunk length, and years to the peak height velocity (PHV). The percentage lean soft tissue (PLST), percentage fat mass (PFM), and BMD were obtained using Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) and HGS using a dynamometer. Results In girls, HGS was positively associated with higher BMD, even after the adjustments, by arms [β = 0.006; p < 0.001], legs [β = 0.014; p < 0.001], pelvis [β = 0.019; p < 0.001], trunk [β = 0.013; p < 0.001], spine [β = 0.013; p = 0.008], and total body [β = 0.009; p < 0.001]. The same occurred in the boys, even after the adjustments a positive relationship was observed, whereas higher HGS was related to greater BMD in arms [β = 0.006; p < 0.001], legs [β = 0.017; p < 0.001], pelvis [β = 0.014; p < 0.001], trunk [β = 0.009; p < 0.001], spine [β = 0.008; p < 0.001], and total body [β = 0.007; p < 0.001]. Conclusion HGS was positively associated to BMD in boys and girls, regardless of age, PHV, PLST, and PFM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Thamyres Ciccotti Saraiva
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Sciences and Technology, Presidente Prudente, SP, CEP 19060-900, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Ribeiro Agostinete
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Sciences and Technology, Presidente Prudente, SP, CEP 19060-900, Brazil.
| | - Ismael Forte Freitas Júnior
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Sciences and Technology, Presidente Prudente, SP, CEP 19060-900, Brazil
| | - Daniel Eduardo Rodrigues de Sousa
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Sciences and Technology, Presidente Prudente, SP, CEP 19060-900, Brazil
| | - Luis Alberto Gobbo
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Sciences and Technology, Presidente Prudente, SP, CEP 19060-900, Brazil
| | - William Rodrigues Tebar
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Sciences and Technology, Presidente Prudente, SP, CEP 19060-900, Brazil
| | - Diego Giulliano Destro Christofaro
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Sciences and Technology, Presidente Prudente, SP, CEP 19060-900, Brazil
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Luo Y, Jiang K, He M. Association between grip strength and bone mineral density in general US population of NHANES 2013-2014. Arch Osteoporos 2020; 15:47. [PMID: 32173776 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-020-00719-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Association between strength of nonadjacent muscles and bone mineral density is unclear. We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to convince the effect of grip strength on femoral neck and lumbar spine mineral density in the general US population. This research can broaden the area of muscle-bone interaction. INTRODUCTION Grip test measures the maximum isotonic strength of hand and forearm and is often used as an indicator of general muscle strength. Muscle has been shown to exert positive effects on bone health, and studies are needed to test whether grip strength can be associated with bone mineral density of nonadjacent bones. The aim of this study is to assess whether grip strength is an independent predictor for bone mineral density (BMD) of femoral neck and total lumbar spine in the general US population. METHODS We used the data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013-2014, and 1850 participants aged from 40 to 80 years old were included in the analysis. Grip strength was recorded as the largest reading of three efforts of one's dominant hand using a handgrip dynamometer. Femoral neck and lumbar spine BMDs were measured through Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were done to examine the association between grip strength and BMDs. RESULTS After adjusting for age, ethnicity, body mass index (BMI), use of female hormones, smoking habit, drinking habit, family history of osteoporosis, use of calcium and vitamin D supplements, physical activity, serum calcium, and phosphorus levels, grip strength is associated with increased femoral neck and total lumbar spine BMDs in men (P < 0.001, P = 0.005), premenopausal women (P = 0.040, P = 0.014), and postmenopausal women (P = 0.016, P = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that (1) grip strength can be associated with BMD of nonadjacent bones, and (2) grip strength of dominant hand can be an indicator of BMD in the general US population across genders and menopausal status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Luo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Street, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China, 510000
| | - Ke Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Wuhan Union Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China, 430022
| | - Miao He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Street, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China, 510000. .,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Wuhan Union Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China, 430022.
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Association Between Muscular Strength and Bone Health from Children to Young Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Sports Med 2020; 50:1163-1190. [DOI: 10.1007/s40279-020-01267-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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The impact of height on low/reduced bone mineral density in Chinese adolescents aged 12-14 years old: gender differences. Arch Osteoporos 2019; 14:78. [PMID: 31286269 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-019-0606-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Low/reduced bone mineral density (BMD) is an important predictor of childhood fracture. In this article, we presented the prevalence of BMD in Chinese adolescents and, for the first time, demonstrated the gender disparities in the impact of height on BMD. PURPOSE To analyze the gender disparities in the association of low/reduced BMD with height in Chinese adolescents at the stage of growth spurt. METHODS A total of 8152 adolescents aged 12-14 years old were included based on a cross-sectional study in Tianjin, China. Height and weight were measured with standard equipment. BMD was measured using the method of quantitative ultrasound. Adolescents with Z ≤ - 2.0 or - 2.0 < Z ≤ - 1.0 were defined as "low BMD" or "reduced BMD". RESULTS The total low/reduced BMD rate was 22.0% in Chinese adolescents aged 12-14 years old, and boys were more likely to have low/reduced BMD than girls (30.1% vs. 12.9%, P < 0.001). The rate of low/reduced BMD significantly increased with age in boys (Ptrend = 0.019), whereas decreased with age in girls (Ptrend = 0.018). We found significant interaction effect between gender and height standard deviation score (height-Z) in the association with low/reduced BMD (Pinteraction < 0.001). There was a positive association of height-Z among boys (OR = 1.30, 95%CI 1.21-1.39, P < 0.001), meanwhile low/reduced BMD was inversely associated with height-Z among girls (OR = 0.85, 95%CI 0.78-0.94, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our study suggested strong gender disparities in the impact of height on BMD in Chinese adolescents aged 12-14 years old, where the association between low/reduced BMD and height was positive among boys but inverse among girls. The study provides evidence on the early prevention and the risk factor identification of low/reduced BMD and childhood fractures.
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Liang X, Wu C, Zhao H, Liu L, Du Y, Li P, Wen Y, Zhao Y, Ding M, Cheng B, Cheng S, Ma M, Zhang L, Guo X, Shen H, Tian Q, Zhang F, Deng HW. Assessing the genetic correlations between early growth parameters and bone mineral density: A polygenic risk score analysis. Bone 2018; 116:301-306. [PMID: 30172743 PMCID: PMC6298225 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The relationships between early growth parameters and bone mineral density (BMD) remain elusive now. In this study, we performed a large scale polygenic risk score (PRS) analysis to evaluate the potential impact of early growth parameters on the variations of BMD. METHODS We used 2286 Caucasian subjects as cohort 1 and 3404 Framingham Heart Study (FHS) subjects as cohort 2 in this study. BMD at ulna & radius, hip and spine were measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. BMD values were adjusted for age, sex, height and weight as covariates. Genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping of the 2286 Caucasian subjects was performed using Affymetrix Human SNP Array 6.0. The GWAS datasets of early growth parameters were driven from the Early Growth Genetics Consortium, including birth weight (BW), birth head circumference (BHC), childhood body mass index (CBMI), pubertal height growth related indexes and tanner stage. Polygenic Risk Score (PRSice) and linkage disequilibrium (LD) score regression analysis were conducted to assess the genetic correlation between early growth parameters and BMD. RESULTS We detected significant genetic correlations in cohort 1, such as total spine BMD vs. CBMI (p value = 1.51 × 10-4, rg = 0.4525), right ulna and radius BMD vs. CBMI (p value = 1.51 × 10-4, rg = 0.4399) and total body BMD vs. tanner stage (p value = 7.00 × 10-4, rg = -0.0721). For cohort 2, significant correlations were observed for total spine BMD vs. height change standard deviation score (SDS) between 8 years and adult (denoted as PGF + PGM) (p value = 3.97 × 10-4, rg = -0.1425), femoral neck BMD vs. the timing of peak height velocity by looking at the height change SDS between age 14 years and adult (denoted as PTF + PTM) (p value = 7.04 × 10-4, rg = -0.2185), and total spine BMD vs. PTF + PTM (p value = 6.86 × 10-4, rg = -0.2180). CONCLUSION Our study results suggest that some early growth parameters could affect the variations of BMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - CuiYan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongmou Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Red Cross Hospital, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanan Du
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Wen
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Miao Ding
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bolun Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shiqiang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Global Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, USA
| | - Qing Tian
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Global Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, USA
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Global Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, USA.
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Non-linear growth trends of toe flexor muscle strength among children, adolescents, and young adults: a cross-sectional study. Eur J Appl Physiol 2018; 118:1003-1010. [PMID: 29502173 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-018-3827-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There are only a few studies on the muscular strength of the foot in children and adolescents; thus, the developmental pattern and normative data of these populations during growth are unclear. We sought to elucidate the developmental pattern of the foot muscle strength among children, adolescents, and young adults compared with that of the hand. METHODS A total of 747 children, adolescents, and young adults participated in this study, and their maximum isometric toe flexor strength (TFS), hand grip strength (HGS), and foot length were measured. RESULTS TFS was correlated with HGS (r = 0.785), age (r = 0.659), height (r = 0.757), body mass (r = 0.737), and foot length (r = 0.594). Multiple regression analyses revealed that TFS was correlated with age (β = 0.243 in boys; β = 0.461 in girls), squared value of age (age2; β = - 0.296 in boys; β = - 0.260 in girls), and body mass (β = 0.256 in boys; β = 0.311 in girls) in both sexes, indicating a non-linear relationship between age and TFS development. In a regression model for HGS, age was a significant variable, but not age2. HGS increased linearly from childhood until young adulthood, whereas TFS increased from childhood until adolescence and then levelled off. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that TFS has a different developmental pattern compared with HGS.
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Shin J, Kang MJ, Kim KN. Prevalence of Lower Bone Mineral Density and Its Associated Factors in Korean Children and Adolescents with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. JOURNAL OF RHEUMATIC DISEASES 2018. [DOI: 10.4078/jrd.2018.25.4.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- JinShik Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Min Jae Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Kwang Nam Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
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Inaba H, Cao X, Han AQ, Panetta JC, Ness KK, Metzger ML, Rubnitz JE, Ribeiro RC, Sandlund JT, Jeha S, Cheng C, Pui CH, Relling MV, Kaste SC. Bone mineral density in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cancer 2017; 124:1025-1035. [PMID: 29266176 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.31184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) can develop reduced bone mineral density (BMD). However, data from patients who received treatment on a frontline regimen without cranial irradiation are limited, and no genome-wide analysis has been reported. METHODS Lumbar BMD was evaluated by quantitative computed tomography at diagnosis, after 120 weeks of continuation therapy, and after 2 years off therapy in pediatric patients with ALL (ages 2-18 years at diagnosis) who were treated on the St. Jude Total XV Protocol. Clinical, pharmacokinetic, and genetic risk factors associated with decreased BMD Z-scores were evaluated. RESULTS The median BMD Z-score in 363 patients was 0.06 at diagnosis, declined to -1.08 at week 120, but partly recovered to -0.72 after 2 years off therapy; BMD in patients with low BMD Z-scores at diagnosis remained low after therapy. Older age (≥10 years vs 2-9.9 years at diagnosis; P < .001), a higher BMD Z-score at diagnosis (P = .001), and a greater area under the plasma drug concentration-time curve for dexamethasone in weeks 7 and 8 of continuation therapy (P = .001) were associated with a greater decrease in BMD Z-score from diagnosis to week 120. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in 2 genes important in osteogenesis and bone mineralization (COL11A1 [reference single-nucleotide polymorphism rs2622849]; P = 2.39 × 10-7 ] and NELL1 [rs11025915]; P = 4.07 × 10-6 ]) were associated with a decreased BMD Z-score. NELL1 (P = .003) also was associated with a greater dexamethasone area under the plasma drug concentration-time curve. CONCLUSIONS BMD Z-scores decreased during therapy, especially in patients who had clinical, pharmacokinetic, and genetic risk factors. Early recognition of BMD changes and strategies to optimize bone health are essential. Cancer 2018;124:1025-35. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Inaba
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Xueyuan Cao
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee.,Department of Acute and Tertiary Care, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Alice Q Han
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - John C Panetta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Kirsten K Ness
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Monika L Metzger
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Jeffrey E Rubnitz
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Raul C Ribeiro
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - John T Sandlund
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Sima Jeha
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Ching-Hon Pui
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Mary V Relling
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Sue C Kaste
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee.,Department of Radiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
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12
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Morita N, Yamauchi J, Kurihara T, Fukuoka R, Otsuka M, Okuda T, Ishizawa N, Nakajima T, Nakamichi R, Matsuno S, Kamiie S, Shide N, Kambayashi I, Shinkaiya H. Toe flexor strength and foot arch height in children. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016; 47:350-6. [PMID: 24895943 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the muscle strength and arch height of the foot in the standing position and the relations between these indices and physical performances involving the lower limbs in children. METHODS A total of 301 elementary school children (third grade: n = 158, age = 8.6 ± 0.5 yr; fifth grade: n = 143, age = 10.6 ± 0.5 yr; means ± SD) participated. The maximal isometric toe flexor strength (TFS) in the standing position was measured using a toe flexor dynamometer. Foot arch height was assessed as the distance between the navicular tuberosity of the foot and the floor in the standing position, and foot arch height relative to the foot length was represented by the foot arch index (FAI). For physical performance involving the lower limbs, 50-m sprint, standing broad jump, repeated side step, and rebound jump were measured. RESULTS There were no significant correlations between TFS and FAI and between relative TFS (relative TFS = TFS/body mass) and FAI. Relative TFS was significantly correlated with all physical performance tests. No significant correlations among FAI and physical performances were found, except for rebound jump ability in fifth graders. After multiple regression analyses adjusting for gender and body mass, TFS was the only significant correlating factor for all physical performances involving the lower limbs. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that TFS was associated with enhancement of some measures of lower limb physical performance in children. These results suggest that foot function should be evaluated with both the muscle strength and arch height of the foot in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriteru Morita
- 1Department of Sports Education, Hokkaido University of Education, Iwamizawa, Hokkaido, JAPAN; 2Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, JAPAN; 3Future Institute for Sport Sciences, Tokyo, JAPAN; 4Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, THAILAND; 5Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, JAPAN; 6Graduate School of Education, Hokkaido University of Education, Hokkaido, JAPAN; 7Department of Teacher Training, Hokkaido University of Education, Sapporo, Hokkaido, JAPAN; and 8Hokkaido University of Science, Hokkaido, JAPAN
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13
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A cross-sectional survey of factors influencing bone mass in junior high school students. Environ Health Prev Med 2012; 18:313-22. [PMID: 23224725 DOI: 10.1007/s12199-012-0322-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to investigate factors influencing the osteo-sono assessment index (OSI) in junior high school students (boys, girls who had reached menarche, and girls who had not). METHODS A total of 9,743 students (4,974 boys and 4,769 girls) in Ehime Prefecture participated in this study. We measured body mass index (BMI) and calcaneal bone mass using OSI. In parallel, participants answered a questionnaire relating to age, sex, menarche, exercise habits, milk intake, and history of bone fractures during the preceding year. To determine the factors influencing OSI, we calculated an individual standardized partial regression coefficient (β) using multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis. RESULTS For boys, MLR showed that BMI (β = 0.300), age (β = 0.260), current exercise habits (β = 0.106), and milk intake per day in primary school (β = 0.085) statistically significantly influenced OSI. For girls who had reached menarche, BMI (β = 0.302), current exercise habits (β = 0.237), age (β = 0.140), and bone fracture during the preceding year (β = 0.036) influenced OSI. For girls who had not reached menarche, current exercise habits (β = 0.242), BMI (β = 0.135), and age (β = 0.085) influenced OSI. CONCLUSIONS There were differences between the factors related to OSI among boys, girls who had reached menarche, and girls who had not. BMI, exercise habits, and age were the common factors related to OSI. Particularly for girls, exercise habits had a great influence on OSI.
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14
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Association between lifestyle habits and bone mineral density in Japanese juveniles. Environ Health Prev Med 2010; 15:222-8. [PMID: 21432549 DOI: 10.1007/s12199-009-0131-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2008] [Accepted: 12/25/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We explored the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and lifestyle in juveniles to identify factors leading to higher peak bone mass and prevention of osteoporosis in later life. METHODS Juveniles (1,364 students: 770 boys and 594 girls, aged 6-18 years) attending school in Hokkaido prefecture, Japan, were asked to complete a brief self-administered diet history questionnaire for 10-year-olds (BDHQ10y) providing information about personal history, lifestyle, and intake of nutritional elements. In addition, BMD and grip strength were measured. We analyzed the relationship between BMD and lifestyle factors. RESULTS The difference in BMD for boys was larger among the junior and senior high school groups. The difference in BMD for girls was larger among older elementary and later school children. Anthropometric variables and grip strength were strongly correlated with BMD. Having a nap-time routine was significantly correlated with BMD, but sleep time and sports club activities were not. BMD among juveniles who attained secondary sexual characteristics was significantly higher than that of juveniles of the same age who had not attained these characteristics. Calcium intake was significantly lower in senior high school students compared with other grades. Consumption of milk by senior high school boys and junior high school girls was weakly correlated with BMD. CONCLUSIONS Our findings encourage educational interventions to counsel students to avoid weight loss and calcium deficiency. This effective intervention should begin before the higher elementary school, when juveniles have the greatest likelihood for preventing lower peak bone mass and osteoporosis.
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15
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Jürimäe T, Hurbo T, Jürimäe J. Relationship of handgrip strength with anthropometric and body composition variables in prepubertal children. HOMO-JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE HUMAN BIOLOGY 2009; 60:225-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchb.2008.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2008] [Accepted: 05/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Tamaki J, Ikeda Y, Morita A, Sato Y, Naka H, Iki M. Which element of physical activity is more important for determining bone growth in Japanese children and adolescents: the degree of impact, the period, the frequency, or the daily duration of physical activity? J Bone Miner Metab 2008; 26:366-72. [PMID: 18600403 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-007-0839-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2007] [Accepted: 12/20/2007] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study examined the following four variables for impact on adolescent bone growth: the degree of impact, and the period, frequency, and daily duration of physical activity. We studied 127 boys and 136 girls between the ages of 12 and 15 years from northern Japan. Bone mineral density (BMD) at the spine and hip were measured using dual X-ray absorptiometry, and histories of participation in sports club activities beginning in first grade of elementary school were obtained through a questionnaire. The time spent participating in sports club activities between fourth and sixth grades during elementary school (E4-E6) was predictive of increased BMD, adjusted for height, weight, onset of pubic hair appearance, calcium intake, and grip strength, with the exception of hip BMD in females. Analysis of the period, frequency, daily duration of sports club activity, and a score of mechanical impact of physical activity (MECHPA) as substitute for time spent during E4-E6 revealed a significant relationship between the period of activity and BMD, with the exception of spine BMD in females. Activities performed two or more times a week during E4-E6 were also associated with an increased BMD at the hip for males and the spine region for females. Thus, the period and frequency of sports club activity, independent of its degree of impact or daily duration, in the age range of 9 to 12 years may be important for bone growth in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Tamaki
- Department of Public Health, Kinki University School of Medicine, 377-2 Onohigashi, Osaka-sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan.
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17
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Abstract
Osteoporosis is a serious and potentially debilitating disease, which can lead to a variety of health complications and a diminished quality of life. Consequently, the development of bone mineral density (BMD) and content (BMC) during childhood and adolescence is of great importance, as it may attenuate the effects and incidence of osteoporosis later in life. Identifying the mechanisms by which bones are strengthened early in life is crucial. This review highlights research examining factors that influence BMD and BMC in children and adolescents. While a sizeable amount of variation in BMD and BMC in children and adolescents can be attributed to genetic factors and body size, studies have also shown the positive influence of physical activity and calcium intake on bone development. Research supporting the role of these modifiable factors varies according to age, sex and the bone site studied. During the pubertal years, large gains in BMD and BMC are evident. However, physical activity and calcium intake are also important to the development of BMD and BMC during the prepubertal years. Thus, actions taken throughout childhood may exert a great impact on BMD and BMC, and overall bone health as an adult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin S Ondrak
- Department of ecercise and Sports Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-8700, USA.
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18
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Lee SH, Desai SS, Shetty G, Song HR, Lee SH, Hur CY, Lee JC. Bone mineral density of proximal femur and spine in Korean children between 2 and 18 years of age. J Bone Miner Metab 2007; 25:423-30. [PMID: 17968496 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-007-0775-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2007] [Accepted: 05/29/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Ethnic factors affect bone mass acquisition during childhood. The aim of our study was to establish normative data for bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) in healthy Korean children and adolescents, using 446 lumbar spine scans (224 males and 222 females) and 364 proximal femur scans (181 males and 183 females) of healthy children between ages 2 and 18 years measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry using Hologic QDR Discovery A 2004. There was an increase in both BMC and BMD during early childhood, acceleration during the adolescence spurt, and a slower increase later. Until 11 years of age, both male and female BMC and BMD were not statistically different. There was a rapid increase in both BMC and BMD in females earlier than in males, and later males caught up with the females and overshot the female values. When compared with Canadian children, BMD and BMC of total proximal femur was found to be more and BMD and BMC of total lumbar spine to be less at some ages. Tanner's stage was significantly associated with BMD and BMC of spine and proximal femur in males and BMC of spine in females in the first three Tanner's stages. Height, body weight, fat content, and body mass index influenced BMC and BMD at different sites by variable amount. Hence, the values presented in this study should be used as reference values in Korean children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk-Ha Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Konkuk University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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19
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Ducher G, Tournaire N, Meddahi-Pellé A, Benhamou CL, Courteix D. Short-term and long-term site-specific effects of tennis playing on trabecular and cortical bone at the distal radius. J Bone Miner Metab 2006; 24:484-90. [PMID: 17072741 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-006-0710-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2006] [Accepted: 06/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical loading during growth magnifies the normal increase in bone diameter occurring in long bone shafts, but the response to loading in long bone ends remains unclear. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of tennis playing during growth at the distal radius, comparing the bone response at trabecular and cortical skeletal sites. The influence of training duration was examined by studying bone response in short-term (children) and long-term (young adults) perspectives. Bone area, bone mineral content (BMC), and bone mineral density (BMD) of the radius were measured by DXA in 28 young (11.6 +/- 1.4 years old) and 47 adult tennis players (22.3 +/- 2.7 years old), and 70 age-matched controls (12 children, 58 adults) at three sites: the ultradistal region (trabecular), the mid-distal region, and the third-distal region (cortical). At the ultradistal radius, young and adult tennis players displayed similar side-to-side differences, the asymmetry in BMC reaching 16.3% and 13.8%, respectively (P < 0.0001). At the mid- and third-distal radius, the asymmetry was much greater in adults than in children (P < 0.0001) for all the bone parameters (mid-distal radius, +6.6% versus +15.6%; third-distal radius, +6.9% versus +13.3%, for BMC). Epiphyseal bone enduring longitudinal growth showed a great capacity to respond to mechanical loading in children. Prolonging tennis playing into adulthood was associated with further increase in bone mineralization at diaphyseal skeletal sites. These findings illustrate the benefits of practicing impact-loading sports during growth and maintaining physical activity into adulthood to enhance bone mass accrual and prevent fractures later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaële Ducher
- EA 3895, "Architecture du Tissu Osseux et Exercice Physique," Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Orléans, 2 allée du Château, BP 6237, 45062, Orléans, Cedex 2, France.
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