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Gesteira TF, Verma S, Coulson-Thomas VJ. Small leucine rich proteoglycans: Biology, function and their therapeutic potential in the ocular surface. Ocul Surf 2023; 29:521-536. [PMID: 37355022 PMCID: PMC11092928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Small leucine rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) are the largest family of proteoglycans, with 18 members that are subdivided into five classes. SLRPs are small in size and can be present in tissues as glycosylated and non-glycosylated proteins, and the most studied SLRPs include decorin, biglycan, lumican, keratocan and fibromodulin. SLRPs specifically bind to collagen fibrils, regulating collagen fibrillogenesis and the biomechanical properties of tissues, and are expressed at particularly high levels in fibrous tissues, such as the cornea. However, SLRPs are also very active components of the ECM, interacting with numerous growth factors, cytokines and cell surface receptors. Therefore, SLRPs regulate major cellular processes and have a central role in major fundamental biological processes, such as maintaining corneal homeostasis and transparency and regulating corneal wound healing. Over the years, mutations and/or altered expression of SLRPs have been associated with various corneal diseases, such as congenital stromal corneal dystrophy and cornea plana. Recently, there has been great interest in harnessing the various functions of SLRPs for therapeutic purposes. In this comprehensive review, we describe the structural features and the related functions of SLRPs, and how these affect the therapeutic potential of SLRPs, with special emphasis on the use of SLRPs for treating ocular surface pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sudhir Verma
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, USA; Department of Zoology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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2
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Huang C, Sharma A, Thakur R, Rai D, Katiki M, Germano JDF, Song Y, Singh S, Sin J, Sengstock D, Andres AM, Murali R, Mentzer RM, Gottlieb RA, Piplani H. Asporin, an extracellular matrix protein, is a beneficial regulator of cardiac remodeling. Matrix Biol 2022; 110:40-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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3
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Huang S, Lai X, Yang L, Ye F, Huang C, Qiu Y, Lin S, Pu L, Wang Z, Huang W. Asporin Promotes TGF-β-induced Lung Myofibroblast Differentiation by Facilitating Rab11-dependent Recycling of TβRI. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 66:158-170. [PMID: 34705621 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0257oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and progressive fibrotic lung disease with high mortality and morbidity. Asporin (ASPN), a member of the small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP) family, plays crucial roles in tissue injury and regeneration. However, the precise pathophysiological role of ASPN and its molecular mechanisms in IPF remain unknown. We sought to investigate the role of ASPN during the development of pulmonary fibrosis and the therapeutic potential of targeting ASPN-related signaling pathways. In our study, three microarray datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened out by bioinformatic analysis. Hub genes were selected from the protein-protein interaction network. ASPN was examined in lung tissues from pulmonary fibrosis mouse models and the role of ASPN in TGF-β/Smad signaling was determined by transfection with ASPN shRNA vectors in vitro. Biotinylation assays were conducted to measure plasma membrane TβRI and TβRI recycling after ASPN knockdown. The results showed ASPN expression was increased in the lungs of pulmonary fibrosis mouse models, and ASPN was primarily localized in α-SMA+ myofibroblasts. In vitro experiments proved that ASPN knockdown inhibited TGF-β/Smad signaling and myofibroblast differentiation by regulating the stability of TβRI. Further molecular mechanisms revealed that ASPN knockdown inhibited TGF-β/Smad signaling by suppressing recycling of TβRI to the cell surface in a Rab11-dependent manner and facilitated lysosome-mediated degradation of TβRI. In conclusion, our findings provide important evidence for the use of ASPN as a novel pharmacological target for treating pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Huang
- Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, 71068, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofan Lai
- Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, 71068, Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, 71068, Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Ye
- Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, 71068, Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chanyan Huang
- Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, 71068, Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Qiu
- Sun Yat-Sen University, 26469, Center for stem cell biology and tissue engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sijia Lin
- Sun Yat-Sen University, 26469, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lvya Pu
- Sun Yat-Sen University, 26469, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongxing Wang
- Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, 71068, Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenqi Huang
- Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, 71068, Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou, China;
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4
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Basak D, Jamal Z, Ghosh A, Mondal PK, Dey Talukdar P, Ghosh S, Ghosh Roy B, Ghosh R, Halder A, Chowdhury A, Dhali GK, Chattopadhyay BK, Saha ML, Basu A, Roy S, Mukherjee C, Biswas NK, Chatterji U, Datta S. Reciprocal interplay between asporin and decorin: Implications in gastric cancer prognosis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255915. [PMID: 34379688 PMCID: PMC8357146 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective patient prognosis necessitates identification of novel tumor promoting drivers of gastric cancer (GC) which contribute to worsened conditions by analysing TCGA-gastric adenocarcinoma dataset. Small leucine-rich proteoglycans, asporin (ASPN) and decorin (DCN), play overlapping roles in development and diseases; however, the mechanisms underlying their interplay remain elusive. Here, we investigated the complex interplay of asporin, decorin and their interaction with TGFβ in GC tumor and corresponding normal tissues. The mRNA levels, protein expressions and cellular localizations of ASPN and DCN were analyzed using real-time PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The protein-protein interaction was predicted by in-silico interaction analysis and validated by co-immunoprecipitation assay. The correlations between ASPN and EMT proteins, VEGF and collagen were achieved using western blot analysis. A significant increase in expression of ASPN in tumor tissue vs. normal tissue was observed in both TCGA and our patient cohort. DCN, an effective inhibitor of the TGFβ pathway, was negatively correlated with stages of GC. Co-immunoprecipitation demonstrated that DCN binds with TGFβ, in normal gastric epithelium, whereas in GC, ASPN preferentially binds TGFβ. Possible activation of the canonical TGFβ pathway by phosphorylation of SMAD2 in tumor tissues suggests its role as an intracellular tumor promoter. Furthermore, tissues expressing ASPN showed unregulated EMT signalling. Our study uncovers ASPN as a GC-promoting gene and DCN as tumor suppressor, suggesting that ASPN can act as a prognostic marker in GC. For the first time, we describe the physical interaction of TGFβ with ASPN in GC and DCN with TGFβ in GC and normal gastric epithelium respectively. This study suggests that prevention of ASPN-TGFβ interaction or overexpression of DCN could serve as promising therapeutic strategies for GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipjit Basak
- Human Genetics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Zarqua Jamal
- Cancer Research Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Arnab Ghosh
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, India
| | | | | | - Semanti Ghosh
- Crystallography and Molecular Biology Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Ranajoy Ghosh
- The School of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Aniket Halder
- The School of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Abhijit Chowdhury
- The School of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Gopal Krishna Dhali
- The School of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Makhan Lal Saha
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Abhimanyu Basu
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Sukanta Roy
- The School of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | | | | | - Urmi Chatterji
- Cancer Research Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Shalini Datta
- Human Genetics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India
- * E-mail:
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5
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Wilson SE. TGF beta -1, -2 and -3 in the modulation of fibrosis in the cornea and other organs. Exp Eye Res 2021; 207:108594. [PMID: 33894227 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The TGF beta-1, -2 and -3 isoforms are transcribed from different genes but bind to the same receptors and signal through the same canonical and non-canonical signal transduction pathways. There are numerous regulatory mechanisms controlling the action of each isoform that include the organ-specific cells producing latent TGF beta growth factors, multiple effectors that activate the isoforms, ECM-associated SLRPs and basement membrane components that modulate the activity and localization of the isoforms, other interactive cytokine-growth factor receptor systems, such as PDGF and CTGF, TGF beta receptor expression on target cells, including myofibroblast precursors, receptor binding competition, positive and negative signal transduction effectors, and transcription and translational regulatory mechanisms. While there has long been the view that TGF beta-1and TGF beta-2 are pro-fibrotic, while TGF beta-3 is anti-fibrotic, this review suggests that view is too simplistic, at least in adult tissues, since TGF beta-3 shares far more similarities in its modulation of fibrotic gene expression with TGF beta-1 and TGF beta-2, than it does differences, and often the differences are subtle. Rather, TGF beta-3 should be seen as a fibro-modulatory partner to the other two isoforms that modulates a nuanced and better controlled response to injury. The complex interplay between the three isoforms and numerous interactive proteins, in the context of the cellular milieu, controls regenerative non-fibrotic vs. fibrotic healing in a response to injury in a particular organ, as well as the resolution of fibrosis, when that occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven E Wilson
- The Cole Eye Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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6
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Matsushima N, Miyashita H, Kretsinger RH. Sequence features, structure, ligand interaction, and diseases in small leucine rich repeat proteoglycans. J Cell Commun Signal 2021; 15:519-531. [PMID: 33860400 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-021-00616-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Small leucine rich repeat proteoglycans (SLRPs) are a group of active components of the extracellular matrix in all tissues. SLRPs bind to collagens and regulate collagen fibril growth and fibril organization. SLRPs also interact with various cytokines and extracellular compounds, which lead to various biological functions such cell adhesion and signaling, proliferation, and differentiation. Mutations in SLRP genes are associated with human diseases. Now crystal structures of five SLRPs are available. We describe some features of amino acid sequence and structures of SLRPs. We also review ligand interactions and then discuss the interaction surfaces. Furthermore, we map mutations associated with human diseases and discuss possible effects on structures by the mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norio Matsushima
- Division of Bioinformatics, Institute of Tandem Repeats, Noboribetsu, 059-0464, Japan.
- Center for Medical Education, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Miyashita
- Division of Bioinformatics, Institute of Tandem Repeats, Noboribetsu, 059-0464, Japan
- Hokubu Rinsho Co., Ltd, Sapporo, 060⎼0061, Japan
| | - Robert H Kretsinger
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
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7
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Joyce K, Fabra GT, Bozkurt Y, Pandit A. Bioactive potential of natural biomaterials: identification, retention and assessment of biological properties. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:122. [PMID: 33737507 PMCID: PMC7973744 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00512-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomaterials have had an increasingly important role in recent decades, in biomedical device design and the development of tissue engineering solutions for cell delivery, drug delivery, device integration, tissue replacement, and more. There is an increasing trend in tissue engineering to use natural substrates, such as macromolecules native to plants and animals to improve the biocompatibility and biodegradability of delivered materials. At the same time, these materials have favourable mechanical properties and often considered to be biologically inert. More importantly, these macromolecules possess innate functions and properties due to their unique chemical composition and structure, which increase their bioactivity and therapeutic potential in a wide range of applications. While much focus has been on integrating these materials into these devices via a spectrum of cross-linking mechanisms, little attention is drawn to residual bioactivity that is often hampered during isolation, purification, and production processes. Herein, we discuss methods of initial material characterisation to determine innate bioactivity, means of material processing including cross-linking, decellularisation, and purification techniques and finally, a biological assessment of retained bioactivity of a final product. This review aims to address considerations for biomaterials design from natural polymers, through the optimisation and preservation of bioactive components that maximise the inherent bioactive potency of the substrate to promote tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran Joyce
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Georgina Targa Fabra
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Yagmur Bozkurt
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Abhay Pandit
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
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8
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Zhan S, Li J, Ge W. Multifaceted Roles of Asporin in Cancer: Current Understanding. Front Oncol 2019; 9:948. [PMID: 31608236 PMCID: PMC6771297 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP) family consists of 18 members categorized into five distinct classes, the traditional classes I–III, and the non-canonical classes IV–V. Unlike the other class I SLRPs (decorin and biglycan), asporin contains a unique and conserved stretch of aspartate (D) residues in its N terminus, and germline polymorphisms in the D-repeat-length are associated with osteoarthritis and prostate cancer progression. Since the first discovery of asporin in 2001, previous studies have focused mainly on its roles in bone and joint diseases, including osteoarthritis, intervertebral disc degeneration and periodontal ligament mineralization. Recently, asporin gene expression was also reported to be dysregulated in tumor tissues of different types of cancer, and to act as oncogene in pancreatic, colorectal, gastric, and prostate cancers, and some types of breast cancer, though it is also reported to function as a tumor suppressor gene in triple-negative breast cancer. Furthermore, asporin is also positively or negatively correlated with tumor proliferation, migration, invasion, and patient prognosis through its regulation of different signaling pathways, including the TGF-β, EGFR, and CD44 pathways. In this review, we seek to elucidate the signaling pathways and functions regulated by asporin in different types of cancer and to highlight some important issues that require investigation in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Zhan
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
| | - Jinming Li
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Ge
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
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9
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Kim IS, Song W, Arakawa H. The Role of Low-Level Sodium Fluoride in Periodontal Inflammation. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2019. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.28.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Il-Shin Kim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Honam University
| | - Wenqun Song
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University
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10
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Zou W, Wan J, Li M, Xing J, Chen Q, Zhang Z, Gong Y. Small leucine rich proteoglycans in host immunity and renal diseases. J Cell Commun Signal 2018; 13:463-471. [PMID: 30357553 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-018-0489-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The small leucine rich proteoglycans (SLRPs), structurally consisting of protein cores and various glycosaminoglycan side chains, are grouped into five classes based on common structural and functional properties. Besides being an important structural component of extracellular matrix (ECM), SLRPs have been implicated in the complex network of signal transduction and host immune responses. The focus of this review is on SLRPs in host immunity. Because host immunity plays an important part in the pathogenesis of renal diseases, the role of SLRPs in this set of diseases will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Junhui Wan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Juanjuan Xing
- Department of Burn, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yi Gong
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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11
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Aki T, Hashimoto K, Ogasawara M, Itoi E. A whole-genome transcriptome analysis of articular chondrocytes in secondary osteoarthritis of the hip. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199734. [PMID: 29944724 PMCID: PMC6019400 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To date, exhaustive gene expression analyses of chondrocytes in hip osteoarthritis (OA) have yielded specific gene expression patterns. No study has reported on the exhaustive transcriptome of secondary hip OA based on acetabular dysplasia in a Japanese population, while previous reports have focused on primary or idiopathic hip OA in Caucasian populations. This study aims to search for specific gene expression patterns of secondary hip OA chondrocytes by transcriptome analysis. Design Human articular cartilage was obtained from femoral heads following hemiarthroplasty for femoral neck fracture (N = 8; non-OA) and total hip arthroplasty for secondary hip OA (N = 12). Total RNA was extracted from the articular cartilage and submitted for microarray analysis. The obtained data were used to perform gene expression analysis, GO enrichment analysis and pathway analysis and were compared with data from primary hip OA in Caucasian populations in the literature. Results We identified 888 upregulated (fold change: FC ≥ 2) and 732 downregulated (FC ≤ 0.5) genes in hip OA versus non-OA chondrocytes, respectively. Only 10% of upregulated genes were common between the secondary and primary OA. The newly found genes prominently overexpressed in the secondary hip OA chondrocytes were DPT, IGFBP7, and KLF2. Pathway analysis revealed extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction as an OA-related pathway, which was similar to previous reports in primary hip OA. Conclusions This is the first study to report the genome-wide transcriptome of secondary hip OA chondrocytes and demonstrates new potential OA-related genes. Gene expression patterns were different between secondary and primary hip OA, although the results of pathway and functional analysis were similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Aki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ko Hashimoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Masanori Ogasawara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Eiji Itoi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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12
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Simkova D, Kharaishvili G, Korinkova G, Ozdian T, Suchánková-Kleplová T, Soukup T, Krupka M, Galandakova A, Dzubak P, Janikova M, Navratil J, Kahounova Z, Soucek K, Bouchal J. The dual role of asporin in breast cancer progression. Oncotarget 2018; 7:52045-52060. [PMID: 27409832 PMCID: PMC5239534 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Asporin has been reported as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer, while asporin-activated invasion has been described in gastric cancer. According to our in silico search, high asporin expresion associates with significantly better relapse free survival (RFS) in patients with low-grade tumors but RFS is significantly worse in patients with grade 3 tumors. In line with other studies, we have confirmed asporin expression by RNA scope in situ hybridization in cancer associated fibroblasts. We have also found asporin expression in the Hs578T breast cancer cell line which we confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR and western blotting. From multiple testing, we found that asporin can be downregulated by bone morphogenetic protein 4 while upregulation may be facilited by serum-free cultivation or by three dimensional growth in stiff Alvetex scaffold. Downregulation by shRNA inhibited invasion of Hs578T as well as of CAFs and T47D cells. Invasion of asporin-negative MDA-MB-231 and BT549 breast cancer cells through collagen type I was enhanced by recombinant asporin. Besides other investigations, large scale analysis of aspartic acid repeat polymorphism will be needed for clarification of the asporin dual role in progression of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Simkova
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Gvantsa Kharaishvili
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriela Korinkova
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Ozdian
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Suchánková-Kleplová
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Soukup
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Krupka
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Adela Galandakova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Dzubak
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Janikova
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Navratil
- Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Kahounova
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic.,Center of Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Soucek
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic.,Center of Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Bouchal
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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13
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Taipale M, Solovieva S, Leino-Arjas P, Männikkö M. Functional polymorphisms in asporin and CILP together with joint loading predispose to hand osteoarthritis. BMC Genet 2017; 18:108. [PMID: 29233086 PMCID: PMC5727665 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-017-0585-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative joint disease afflicting people in the Western world and has a strong genetic influence. The aim of this study was to examine the association of two known functional polymorphisms in the TGF-β inhibiting genes, asporin (ASPN) and cartilage intermediate layer protein (CILP), with hand OA and potential gene-occupational hand loading interaction. Results Statistically significant interaction of the CILP rs2073711 T and ASPN D15 alleles with hand OA was observed (OR = 2.48, 95% CI 1.27–4.85, p = 0.008) in a Finnish hand OA cohort of 543 women (aged 45–63). When stratified by variation in working tasks, low variation of working tasks increased the risk further (OR = 3.00, 95% CI 1.35–6.66, p = 0.007). Based on the analysis of ASPN and CILP protein-coding regions, functional studies were performed with one observed variant, rs41278695 in the ASPN gene. Analyses showed that bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) mediated expression of aggrecan (Agc1) and type II collagen (Col2a1) was significantly suppressed (p = 0.011 and p = 0.023, respectively) in a murine chondrocytic cell line (ATDC5) with cells stably expressing ASPN rs41278695. Conclusions The carriage of either ASPN D15 or CILP rs2073711 TT is associated with increased risk of symmetrical hand OA, particularly in individuals with low variation in work tasks. ASPN rs41278695 SNP had an effect on Agc1 and Col2a1 gene expression when induced with BMP-2 suggesting an effect on the cartilage extracellular matrix composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Taipale
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Aapistie 5, 90220, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Svetlana Solovieva
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Centre of Expertise for Health and Work Ability, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Leino-Arjas
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Centre of Expertise for Health and Work Ability, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minna Männikkö
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Aapistie 5, 90220, Oulu, Finland. .,Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
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14
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Miyamoto Y, Kanzaki H, Wada S, Tsuruoka S, Itohiya K, Kumagai K, Hamada Y, Nakamura Y. Asporin stably expressed in the surface layer of mandibular condylar cartilage and augmented in the deeper layer with age. Bone Rep 2017; 7:41-50. [PMID: 28875156 PMCID: PMC5574816 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mandibular condylar cartilage (MCC) exhibits dual roles both articular cartilage and growth center. Of many growth factors, TGF-β has been implicated in the growth of articular cartilage including MCC. Recently, Asporin, decoy to TGF-β, was discovered and it blocks TGF-β signaling. Asporin is expressed in a variety of tissues including osteoarthritic articular cartilage, though there was no report of Asporin expression in MCC. In the present study, we investigated the temporal and spatial expression of Asporin in MCC. Gene expression profile of MCC and epiphyseal cartilage in tibia of 5 weeks old ICR mice were firstly compared with microarray analysis using the laser capture microdissected samples. Variance of gene expression was further confirmed by real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining at 1,3,10, and 20 weeks old. TGF-β and its signaling molecule, phosphorylated Smad-2/3 (p-Smad2/3), were also examined by immunohistochemical staining. Microarray analysis revealed that Asporin was highly expressed in MCC. Real-time RT-PCR analysis confirmed that the fibrous layer of MCC exhibited stable higher Asporin expression at any time points as compared to epiphyseal cartilage. This was also observed in immunohistochemical staining. Deeper layer in MCC augmented Asporin expression with age. Whereas, TGF-β was stably highly observed in the layer. The fibrous layer of MCC exhibited weak staining of p-Smad2/3, though the proliferating layer of MCC was strongly stained as compared to epiphyseal cartilage of tibia at early time point. Consistent with the increase of Asporin expression in the deeper layer of MCC, the intensity of p-Smad-2/3 staining was decreased with age. In conclusion, we discovered that Asporin was stably expressed at the fibrous layer of MCC, which makes it possible to manage both articular cartilage and growth center at the same time. Asporin gene and protein were highly expressed in mandibular condylar cartilage as compared to tibial epiphyseal cartilage. Asporin in mandibular condylar cartilage was augmented with age. TGF-β signaling is suppressed by augmented Asporin and decreased TGF-β production in mandibular condylar cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Miyamoto
- Department of orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Kanagawa Pref., Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kanzaki
- Department of orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Kanagawa Pref., Japan
| | - Satoshi Wada
- Department of orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Kanagawa Pref., Japan
| | - Sari Tsuruoka
- Department of orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Kanagawa Pref., Japan
| | - Kanako Itohiya
- Department of orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Kanagawa Pref., Japan
| | - Kenichi Kumagai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Kanagawa Pref., Japan
| | - Yoshiki Hamada
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Kanagawa Pref., Japan
| | - Yoshiki Nakamura
- Department of orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Kanagawa Pref., Japan
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15
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Rochette A, Boufaied N, Scarlata E, Hamel L, Brimo F, Whitaker HC, Ramos-Montoya A, Neal DE, Dragomir A, Aprikian A, Chevalier S, Thomson AA. Asporin is a stromally expressed marker associated with prostate cancer progression. Br J Cancer 2017; 116:775-784. [PMID: 28152543 PMCID: PMC5355923 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer shows considerable heterogeneity in disease progression and we propose that markers expressed in tumour stroma may be reliable predictors of aggressive tumour subtypes. METHODS We have used Kaplan-Meier, univariate and multivariate analysis to correlate the expression of Asporin (ASPN) mRNA and protein with prostate cancer progression in independent cohorts. We used immunohistochemistry and H scoring to document stromal localisation of ASPN in a tissue microarray and mouse prostate cancer model, and correlated expression with reactive stroma, defined using Masson Trichrome staining. We used cell cultures of primary prostate cancer fibroblasts treated with serum-free conditioned media from prostate cancer cell lines to examine regulation of ASPN mRNA in tumour stromal cells. RESULTS We observed increased expression of ASPN mRNA in a data set derived from benign vs tumour microdissected tissue, and a correlation with biochemical recurrence using Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard analysis. ASPN protein localised to tumour stroma and elevated expression of ASPN was correlated with decreased time to biochemical recurrence, in a cohort of 326 patients with a median follow up of 9.6 years. Univariate and multivariate analysis demonstrated that ASPN was correlated with progression, as were Gleason score, and clinical stage. Additionally, ASPN expression correlated with the presence of reactive stroma, suggesting that it may be a stromal marker expressed in response to the presence of tumour cells and particularly with aggressive tumour subtypes. We observed expression of ASPN in the stroma of tumours induced by p53 inhibition in a mouse model of prostate cancer, and correlation with neuroendocrine marker expression. Finally, we demonstrated that ASPN transcript expression in normal and cancer fibroblasts was regulated by conditioned media derived from the PC3, but not LNCaP, prostate cancer cell lines. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that ASPN is a stromally expressed biomarker that correlates with disease progression, and is observed in reactive stroma. ASPN expression in stroma may be part of a stromal response to aggressive tumour subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Rochette
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McGill University and the Cancer Research Program of the Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Nadia Boufaied
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McGill University and the Cancer Research Program of the Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Eleonora Scarlata
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McGill University and the Cancer Research Program of the Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Lucie Hamel
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McGill University and the Cancer Research Program of the Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Fadi Brimo
- Department of Pathology, Division of Urology, McGill University and The McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Hayley C Whitaker
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Box 279, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Antonio Ramos-Montoya
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Box 279, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - David E Neal
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Box 279, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Alice Dragomir
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McGill University and the Cancer Research Program of the Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Armen Aprikian
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McGill University and the Cancer Research Program of the Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Simone Chevalier
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McGill University and the Cancer Research Program of the Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Axel A Thomson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McGill University and the Cancer Research Program of the Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
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16
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Costanza B, Umelo IA, Bellier J, Castronovo V, Turtoi A. Stromal Modulators of TGF-β in Cancer. J Clin Med 2017; 6:jcm6010007. [PMID: 28067804 PMCID: PMC5294960 DOI: 10.3390/jcm6010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is an intriguing cytokine exhibiting dual activities in malignant disease. It is an important mediator of cancer invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis, on the one hand, while it exhibits anti-tumor functions on the other hand. Elucidating the precise role of TGF-β in malignant development and progression requires a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in its tumor suppressor to tumor promoter switch. One important aspect of TGF-β function is its interaction with proteins within the tumor microenvironment. Several stromal proteins have the natural ability to interact and modulate TGF-β function. Understanding the complex interplay between the TGF-β signaling network and these stromal proteins may provide greater insight into the development of novel therapeutic strategies that target the TGF-β axis. The present review highlights our present understanding of how stroma modulates TGF-β activity in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brunella Costanza
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium.
| | - Ijeoma Adaku Umelo
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium.
| | - Justine Bellier
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium.
| | - Vincent Castronovo
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium.
| | - Andrei Turtoi
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium.
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, Université Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, 34298 Montpellier, France.
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17
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Horie M, Yamaguchi Y, Saito A, Nagase T, Lizio M, Itoh M, Kawaji H, Lassmann T, Carninci P, Forrest ARR, Hayashizaki Y, Suzutani T, Kappert K, Micke P, Ohshima M. Transcriptome analysis of periodontitis-associated fibroblasts by CAGE sequencing identified DLX5 and RUNX2 long variant as novel regulators involved in periodontitis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33666. [PMID: 27645561 PMCID: PMC5028883 DOI: 10.1038/srep33666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is affecting over half of the adult population, and represents a major public health problem. Previously, we isolated a subset of gingival fibroblasts (GFs) from periodontitis patients, designated as periodontitis-associated fibroblasts (PAFs), which were highly capable of collagen degradation. To elucidate their molecular profiles, GFs isolated form healthy and periodontitis-affected gingival tissues were analyzed by CAGE-seq and integrated with the FANTOM5 atlas. GFs from healthy gingival tissues displayed distinctive patterns of CAGE profiles as compared to fibroblasts from other organ sites and characterized by specific expression of developmentally important transcription factors such as BARX1, PAX9, LHX8, and DLX5. In addition, a novel long non-coding RNA associated with LHX8 was described. Furthermore, we identified DLX5 regulating expression of the long variant of RUNX2 transcript, which was specifically active in GFs but not in their periodontitis-affected counterparts. Knockdown of these factors in GFs resulted in altered expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) components. These results indicate activation of DLX5 and RUNX2 via its distal promoter represents a unique feature of GFs, and is important for ECM regulation. Down-regulation of these transcription factors in PAFs could be associated with their property to degrade collagen, which may impact on the process of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Horie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Division for Health Service Promotion, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Division of Genomic Technologies (DGT), RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yoko Yamaguchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan.,Division of Functional Morphology Dental Research Center Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan
| | - Akira Saito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Division for Health Service Promotion, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takahide Nagase
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Marina Lizio
- Division of Genomic Technologies (DGT), RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.,Omics Science Center, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Itoh
- Division of Genomic Technologies (DGT), RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.,Omics Science Center, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.,RIKEN Preventive Medicine and Diagnosis Innovation Program, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hideya Kawaji
- Division of Genomic Technologies (DGT), RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.,Omics Science Center, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.,RIKEN Preventive Medicine and Diagnosis Innovation Program, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Timo Lassmann
- Division of Genomic Technologies (DGT), RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.,Omics Science Center, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Piero Carninci
- Division of Genomic Technologies (DGT), RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.,Omics Science Center, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Alistair R R Forrest
- Division of Genomic Technologies (DGT), RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.,Omics Science Center, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.,Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre and Centre for Medical Research, the University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Yoshihide Hayashizaki
- Omics Science Center, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.,RIKEN Preventive Medicine and Diagnosis Innovation Program, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Suzutani
- Department of Microbiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Kai Kappert
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Patrick Micke
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Akademiska Sjukhuset, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mitsuhiro Ohshima
- Department of Biochemistry, Ohu University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Misumido 31-1, Tomitamachi, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8611, Japan
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18
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Simkova D, Kharaishvili G, Slabakova E, Murray PG, Bouchal J. Glycoprotein asporin as a novel player in tumour microenvironment and cancer progression. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2016; 160:467-473. [PMID: 27605398 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2016.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small leucine rich proteoglycans (SLRPs), major non-collagen components of the extracellular matrix (ECM), have multiple biological roles with diverse effects. Asporin, a member of the SLRPs class I, competes with other molecules in binding to collagen and affects its mineralization. Its role in cancer is only now being elucidated. METHODS The PubMed online database was used to search relevant reviews and original articles. Furthermore, altered asporin expression was analysed in publicly available genome-wide expression data at the Gene Expression Omnibus database. RESULTS Polymorphisms in the N-terminal polyaspartate domain, which binds calcium, are associated with osteoarthritis and prostate cancer. Asporin also promotes the progression of scirrhous gastric cancer where it is required for coordinated invasion by cancer associated fibroblasts and cancer cells. Besides the enhanced expression of asporin observed in multiple cancer types, such as breast, prostate, gastric, pancreas and colon cancer, tumour suppressive effects of asporin were described in triple-negative breast cancer. We also discuss a number of factors modulating asporin expression in different cell types relevant for alterations toing the tumour microenvironment. CONCLUSION The apparent contradicting tumour promoting and suppressive effects of asporin require further investigation. Deciphering the role of asporin and other SLRPs in tumour-stroma interactions is needed for a better understanding of cancer progression and potentially also for novel tumour microenvironment based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Simkova
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology and Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Gvantsa Kharaishvili
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology and Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Slabakova
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Paul G Murray
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jan Bouchal
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology and Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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19
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Jiang X, Wu CA, Wang Y, Shi KJ, Jiang XZ, Zheng S, Tian W. Knockdown of asporin affects transforming growth factor-β1-induced matrix synthesis in human intervertebral annulus cells. J Orthop Translat 2016; 7:1-6. [PMID: 30035083 PMCID: PMC5987567 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective Asporin is associated with osteoarthritis and lumbar disk degeneration. Previous studies in chondrocytes showed that asporin can bind to transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and downregulate matrix biosynthesis. However, this has not been studied in intervertebral disk (IVD) cells. This study aimed to inspect the expression of asporin under TGF-β1 stimulation and its effect on TGF-β1-induced matrix biosynthesis in human intervertebral annulus cells. Methods Human intervertebral annulus cells were obtained from the pathological region of IVD in eight patients. After primary culture and redifferentiation in alginate beads, cells were reseeded and treated with different concentrations (5 ng/mL, 10 ng/mL, and 15 ng/mL) of TGF-β1 for up to 24 hours. Total RNA extracted from the cells and those with asporin knockdown were subjected to real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis to examine the expression of asporin and extracellular matrix genes. Results TGF-β1 stimulation induces asporin transcription significantly in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Knockdown of endogenous asporin leads to the upregulated expression of collagen II alpha 1 and aggrecan. Conclusion Our results have verified a functional feedback loop between TGF-β1 and asporin in human intervertebral annulus cells indicating that TGF-β1-induced annulus matrix biosynthesis can be significantly upregulated by knockdown of asporin. Therefore, asporin could be a potential new therapeutic target and inhibition of asporin could be adopted to enhance the anabolic effect of TGF-β1 in human intervertebral annulus cells in degenerative IVD diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, 4 Clinical Medical College of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Ai Wu
- Department of Molecular Orthopaedics, Beijing Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Molecular Orthopaedics, Beijing Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing, China
| | - Ke-Jian Shi
- Department of Molecular Orthopaedics, Beijing Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Zhou Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, 4 Clinical Medical College of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, 4 Clinical Medical College of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, 4 Clinical Medical College of Peking University, Beijing, China
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21
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Hurley PJ, Sundi D, Shinder B, Simons BW, Hughes RM, Miller RM, Benzon B, Faraj SF, Netto GJ, Vergara IA, Erho N, Davicioni E, Karnes RJ, Yan G, Ewing C, Isaacs SD, Berman DM, Rider JR, Jordahl KM, Mucci LA, Huang J, An SS, Park BH, Isaacs WB, Marchionni L, Ross AE, Schaeffer EM. Germline Variants in Asporin Vary by Race, Modulate the Tumor Microenvironment, and Are Differentially Associated with Metastatic Prostate Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 22:448-58. [PMID: 26446945 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-0256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prostate cancers incite tremendous morbidity upon metastatic growth. We previously identified Asporin (ASPN) as a potential mediator of metastatic progression found within the tumor microenvironment. ASPN contains an aspartic acid (D)-repeat domain and germline polymorphisms in D-repeat-length have been associated with degenerative diseases. Associations of germline ASPN D polymorphisms with risk of prostate cancer progression to metastatic disease have not been assessed. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Germline ASPN D-repeat-length was retrospectively analyzed in 1,600 men who underwent radical prostatectomy for clinically localized prostate cancer and in 548 noncancer controls. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to test the associations of ASPN variations with risk of subsequent oncologic outcomes, including metastasis. Orthotopic xenografts were used to establish allele- and stroma-specific roles for ASPN D variants in metastatic prostate cancer. RESULTS Variation at the ASPN D locus was differentially associated with poorer oncologic outcomes. ASPN D14 [HR, 1.72; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.05-2.81, P = 0.032] and heterozygosity for ASPN D13/14 (HR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.03-3.35, P = 0.040) were significantly associated with metastatic recurrence, while homozygosity for the ASPN D13 variant was significantly associated with a reduced risk of metastatic recurrence (HR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.21-0.94, P = 0.035) in multivariable analyses. Orthotopic xenografts established biologic roles for ASPN D14 and ASPN D13 variants in metastatic prostate cancer progression that were consistent with patient-based data. CONCLUSIONS We observed associations between ASPN D variants and oncologic outcomes, including metastasis. Our data suggest that ASPN expressed in the tumor microenvironment is a heritable modulator of metastatic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula J Hurley
- Brady Urological Institute, Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Debasish Sundi
- Brady Urological Institute, Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Brian Shinder
- Brady Urological Institute, Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Brian W Simons
- Brady Urological Institute, Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Robert M Hughes
- Brady Urological Institute, Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rebecca M Miller
- Brady Urological Institute, Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Benjamin Benzon
- Brady Urological Institute, Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sheila F Faraj
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - George J Netto
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Nicholas Erho
- Genome Dx Biosciences Inc., Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Elai Davicioni
- Genome Dx Biosciences Inc., Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Guifang Yan
- Brady Urological Institute, Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Charles Ewing
- Brady Urological Institute, Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sarah D Isaacs
- Brady Urological Institute, Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - David M Berman
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer R Rider
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard University, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kristina M Jordahl
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard University, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lorelei A Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard University, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jessie Huang
- The Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Steven S An
- The Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland. The Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ben H Park
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - William B Isaacs
- Brady Urological Institute, Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Luigi Marchionni
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ashley E Ross
- Brady Urological Institute, Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Edward M Schaeffer
- Brady Urological Institute, Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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22
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Maris P, Blomme A, Palacios AP, Costanza B, Bellahcène A, Bianchi E, Gofflot S, Drion P, Trombino GE, Di Valentin E, Cusumano PG, Maweja S, Jerusalem G, Delvenne P, Lifrange E, Castronovo V, Turtoi A. Asporin Is a Fibroblast-Derived TGF-β1 Inhibitor and a Tumor Suppressor Associated with Good Prognosis in Breast Cancer. PLoS Med 2015; 12:e1001871. [PMID: 26327350 PMCID: PMC4556693 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is a leading malignancy affecting the female population worldwide. Most morbidity is caused by metastases that remain incurable to date. TGF-β1 has been identified as a key driving force behind metastatic breast cancer, with promising therapeutic implications. METHODS AND FINDINGS Employing immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis, we report, to our knowledge for the first time, that asporin is overexpressed in the stroma of most human breast cancers and is not expressed in normal breast tissue. In vitro, asporin is secreted by breast fibroblasts upon exposure to conditioned medium from some but not all human breast cancer cells. While hormone receptor (HR) positive cells cause strong asporin expression, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells suppress it. Further, our findings show that soluble IL-1β, secreted by TNBC cells, is responsible for inhibiting asporin in normal and cancer-associated fibroblasts. Using recombinant protein, as well as a synthetic peptide fragment, we demonstrate the ability of asporin to inhibit TGF-β1-mediated SMAD2 phosphorylation, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and stemness in breast cancer cells. In two in vivo murine models of TNBC, we observed that tumors expressing asporin exhibit significantly reduced growth (2-fold; p = 0.01) and metastatic properties (3-fold; p = 0.045). A retrospective IHC study performed on human breast carcinoma (n = 180) demonstrates that asporin expression is lowest in TNBC and HER2+ tumors, while HR+ tumors have significantly higher asporin expression (4-fold; p = 0.001). Assessment of asporin expression and patient outcome (n = 60; 10-y follow-up) shows that low protein levels in the primary breast lesion significantly delineate patients with bad outcome regardless of the tumor HR status (area under the curve = 0.87; 95% CI 0.78-0.96; p = 0.0001). Survival analysis, based on gene expression (n = 375; 25-y follow-up), confirmed that low asporin levels are associated with a reduced likelihood of survival (hazard ratio = 0.58; 95% CI 0.37-0.91; p = 0.017). Although these data highlight the potential of asporin to serve as a prognostic marker, confirmation of the clinical value would require a prospective study on a much larger patient cohort. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that asporin is a stroma-derived inhibitor of TGF-β1 and a tumor suppressor in breast cancer. High asporin expression is significantly associated with less aggressive tumors, stratifying patients according to the clinical outcome. Future pre-clinical studies should consider options for increasing asporin expression in TNBC as a promising strategy for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Maris
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA–Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Blomme
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA–Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Ana Perez Palacios
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA–Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Brunella Costanza
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA–Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Akeila Bellahcène
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA–Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Elettra Bianchi
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Liège, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Pierre Drion
- Animal Facility, GIGA–Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Giovanna Elvi Trombino
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA–Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | | | - Pino G. Cusumano
- Department of Senology, University Hospital Liège, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Maweja
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Guy Jerusalem
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Liège, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Philippe Delvenne
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Liège, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Eric Lifrange
- Department of Senology, University Hospital Liège, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Vincent Castronovo
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA–Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- * E-mail: (VC); (AT)
| | - Andrei Turtoi
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA–Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- * E-mail: (VC); (AT)
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23
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Xu L, Li Z, Liu SY, Xu SY, Ni GX. Asporin and osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2015; 23:933-9. [PMID: 25689697 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2015.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide an overview of the literature describing the role of asporin, a small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP), in osteoarthritis (OA). METHOD A literature search was performed and reviewed using the narrative approach. RESULTS As a class I SLRP member, asporin, is distinct from other SLRPs. Accumulating evidence demonstrates the involvement of asporin in OA pathogenesis. Many human studies have been conducted to explore the association between the D-repeat polymorphisms and OA susceptibility, but these yield inconsistent results. Possible mechanisms for the involvement of asporin in OA pathology include its influence on TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β) signaling pathways and collagen mineralization. To date, no studies were found to use an asporin-deficient animal model that would help to understand disease mechanisms. Many issues must be addressed to clarify the link between asporin and OA to provide a novel therapeutic strategy for OA, perhaps through controlling and modifying the TGF-β-ECM system. CONCLUSIONS Studies examined demonstrate the involvement of asporin in OA pathogenesis, and possible mechanisms by which asporin may be involved in this process have been proposed. However, large-scale interracial studies should be conducted to investigate the association between asporin and OA, and further investigations are needed to obtain a better understanding of the disease mechanism, develop novel therapeutic strategies, and explore new approaches for diagnosis of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Xu
- Department of Orthopeadics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, China
| | - Z Li
- Department of Orthopeadics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, China
| | - S-Y Liu
- Department of Orthopeadics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, China
| | - S-Y Xu
- Department of Orthopeadics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, China
| | - G-X Ni
- Department of Orthopeadics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, China.
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24
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Cuellar A, Reddi AH. Stimulation of Superficial Zone Protein/Lubricin/PRG4 by Transforming Growth Factor-β in Superficial Zone Articular Chondrocytes and Modulation by Glycosaminoglycans. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 21:1973-81. [PMID: 25398329 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2014.0381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Superficial zone protein (SZP), also known as lubricin and proteoglycan 4 (PRG4), plays an important role in the boundary lubrication of articular cartilage and is regulated by transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. Here, we evaluate the role of cell surface glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) during TGF-β1 stimulation of SZP/lubricin/PRG4 in superficial zone articular chondrocytes. We utilized primary monolayer superficial zone articular chondrocyte cultures and treated them with various concentrations of TGF-β1, in the presence or absence of heparan sulfate (HS), heparin, and chondroitin sulfate (CS). The cell surface GAGs were removed by pretreatment with either heparinase I or chondroitinase-ABC before TGF-β1 stimulation. Accumulation of SZP/lubricin/PRG4 in the culture medium in response to stimulation with TGF-β1 and various exogenous GAGs was demonstrated by immunoblotting and quantitated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We show that TGF-β1 and exogenous HS enhanced SZP accumulation of superficial zone chondrocytes in the presence of surface GAGs. At the dose of 1 ng/mL of TGF-β1, the presence of exogenous heparin inhibited SZP accumulation whereas the presence of exogenous CS stimulated SZP accumulation in the culture medium. Enzymatic depletion of GAGs on the surface of superficial zone chondrocytes enhanced the ability of TGF-β1 to stimulate SZP accumulation in the presence of both exogenous heparin and CS. Collectively, these results suggest that GAGs at the surface of superficial zone articular chondrocytes influence the response to TGF-β1 and exogenous GAGs to stimulate SZP accumulation. Cell surface GAGs modulate superficial zone chondrocytes' response to TGF-β1 and exogenous HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araceli Cuellar
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Lawrence Ellison Center for Tissue Regeneration and Repair, School of Medicine, University of California , Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - A Hari Reddi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Lawrence Ellison Center for Tissue Regeneration and Repair, School of Medicine, University of California , Davis, Sacramento, California
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25
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Houari S, Wurtz T, Ferbus D, Chateau D, Dessombz A, Berdal A, Babajko S. Asporin and the mineralization process in fluoride-treated rats. J Bone Miner Res 2014; 29:1446-55. [PMID: 24967458 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Microarray analysis of odontoblastic cells treated with sodium fluoride has identified the asporin gene as a fluoride target. Asporin is a member of the small leucine-rich repeat proteoglycan/protein (SLRP) family that is believed to be important in the mineralization process. In this study, asporin expression and distribution were investigated by systematic analysis of dentin and enamel, with and without fluoride treatment. Specific attention was focused on a major difference between the two mineralized tissues: the presence of a collagenous scaffold in dentin, and its absence in enamel. Normal and fluorotic, continually growing incisors from Wistar rats treated with 2.5 to 7.5 mM sodium fluoride (NaF) were studied by immunochemistry, in situ hybridization, Western blotting, and RT-qPCR. Asporin was continuously expressed in odontoblasts throughout dentin formation as expected. Asporin was also found, for the first time, in dental epithelial cells, particularly in maturation-stage ameloblasts. NaF decreased asporin expression in odontoblasts and enhanced it in ameloblasts, both in vivo and in vitro. The inverse response in the two cell types suggests that the effector, fluoride, is a trigger that elicits a cell-type-specific reaction. Confocal and ultrastructural immunohistochemistry evidenced an association between asporin and type 1 collagen in the pericellular nonmineralized compartments of both bone and dentin. In addition, transmission electron microscopy revealed asporin in the microenvironment of all cells observed. Thus, asporin is produced by collagen-matrix-forming and non-collagen-matrix-forming cells but may have different effects on the mineralization process. A model is proposed that predicts impaired mineral formation associated with the deficiency and excess of asporin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Houari
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMRS) 1138, Laboratory of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology; Paris France
- Université Paris-Descartes; Paris France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris; Paris France
- Université Paris-Diderot, Unité Fédérative de Recherche (UFR) d'Odontologie; Paris France
| | - Tilmann Wurtz
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMRS) 1138, Laboratory of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology; Paris France
- Université Paris-Descartes; Paris France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris; Paris France
- Université Paris-Diderot, Unité Fédérative de Recherche (UFR) d'Odontologie; Paris France
| | - Didier Ferbus
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMRS) 1138, Laboratory of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology; Paris France
- Université Paris-Descartes; Paris France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris; Paris France
- Université Paris-Diderot, Unité Fédérative de Recherche (UFR) d'Odontologie; Paris France
| | - Danielle Chateau
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMRS) 1138, Laboratory of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology; Paris France
- Université Paris-Descartes; Paris France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris; Paris France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; INSERM UMRS 1138 Intestine: nutrition, barrier and diseases; Paris France
| | - Arnaud Dessombz
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMRS) 1138, Laboratory of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology; Paris France
- Université Paris-Descartes; Paris France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris; Paris France
- Université Paris-Diderot, Unité Fédérative de Recherche (UFR) d'Odontologie; Paris France
| | - Ariane Berdal
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMRS) 1138, Laboratory of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology; Paris France
- Université Paris-Descartes; Paris France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris; Paris France
- Université Paris-Diderot, Unité Fédérative de Recherche (UFR) d'Odontologie; Paris France
- Hôpital Rothschild; Paris France
| | - Sylvie Babajko
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMRS) 1138, Laboratory of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology; Paris France
- Université Paris-Descartes; Paris France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris; Paris France
- Université Paris-Diderot, Unité Fédérative de Recherche (UFR) d'Odontologie; Paris France
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26
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Xing D, Ma XL, Ma JX, Xu WG, Wang J, Yang Y, Chen Y, Ma BY, Zhu SW. Association between aspartic acid repeat polymorphism of the asporin gene and susceptibility to knee osteoarthritis: a genetic meta-analysis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2013; 21:1700-6. [PMID: 23942062 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a common disease that is characterized by the degeneration of joint cartilage in the knee. Genetic factors have been implicated in KOA. Recently, several genetic studies have suggested that susceptibility to KOA is affected by the number of aspartic acid (D) residues in the amino-terminal of the asporin protein, but evidence remains conflicting. Therefore, the objective of the present meta-analysis was to investigate whether or not the D-repeat polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to KOA. METHODS A systematic search of all relevant studies published through Dec 2012 was conducted using the MEDLINE, EMBASE, OVID, and ScienceDirect. Allelic counts were evaluated for the D14 and D13 alleles respectively. The included studies were only assessed in the analysis of the following allele model: D14 allele vs others alleles combined, D13 allele vs others alleles combined, and D14 allele vs D13 allele. RESULTS Seven studies (eight comparisons) with 5515 total participants (2334 KOA patients and 3181 controls), which involved four Caucasian and four Asian populations, were eligible for inclusion. Meta-analysis was conducted for genotype D14 vs others combined, D13 vs others combined, and D14 vs D13. In the stratification based on ethnicity, studies were divided into Caucasian and Asian populations. We did not detect positive association between KOA and the D14 allele in Asian populations (OR = 1.527, 95% CI: 0.879-2.653) and in Caucasian populations (OR = 1.053, 95% CI: 0.905-1.225). There was also no positive association between susceptibility to KOA and D13 allele in Asian populations (OR = 0.950, 95% CI: 0.732-1.233) and in Caucasian populations (OR = 0.866, 95% CI: 0.723-1.037). CONCLUSION The present results suggest that the D-repeat of asporin gene (ASPN) may not be a major susceptibility locus in the Caucasian and Asian populations with KOA. Because of the limitations of the present meta-analysis, accurate conclusions could not be drawn based on the current evidence, and further studies with large sample size are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Xing
- Department of Orthopaedics Institute, Tianjin Hospital, 406 Jiefang Nan Street, Hexi District, Tianjin 300211, China
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27
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Arellano RD, Hernández F, García-Sepúlveda CA, Velasco VM, Loera CR, Arguello JR. The D-repeat polymorphism in the ASPN gene and primary knee osteoarthritis in a Mexican mestizo population: a case-control study. J Orthop Sci 2013; 18:826-31. [PMID: 23733110 DOI: 10.1007/s00776-013-0414-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A genetic association between osteoarthritis (OA) and a polymorphism in the aspartic acid (D) repeat of the asporin (ASPN) gene has been reported in Japanese, Han Chinese, Greek and UK Caucasian populations of patients having knee and hip OA. Such an association has not been previously described among the Mexican mestizo population. The aim of this study was to analyze the association of the ASPN gene D-repeat polymorphism in a Mexican mestizo population with primary knee OA as well as in healthy controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS A case-control study was conducted on a Mexican mestizo population of northern Mexico. The repeat polymorphism was genotyped in 440 subjects (218 cases and 222 healthy controls). Primary knee OA was diagnosed according to American College of Rheumatology and Kellgren-Lawrence criteria, and allelic association was examined adjusting for other risk variables. RESULTS After adjusting for some covariates, menopause and the D16 allele showed a trend toward being risk factors for knee OA in a Mexican mestizo population. Also, the D12 allele could be considered as a protective factor. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that polymorphisms within the ASPN gene could influence knee OA susceptibility, but these associations must be confirmed by independent studies in larger samples and different ethnic groups to support the role of the D-repeat polymorphism in the ASPN gene as risk or protection factors for knee OA in a Mexican population.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Arellano
- Facultad de Medicina Torreón, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Avenida Morelos 900 Oriente C.P. 27000, Torreón, Coahuila, Mexico,
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28
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Dellett M, Hu W, Papadaki V, Ohnuma SI. Small leucine rich proteoglycan family regulates multiple signalling pathways in neural development and maintenance. Dev Growth Differ 2012; 54:327-40. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-169x.2012.01339.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Dellett
- University College London (UCL) Institute of Ophthalmology; UCL; London; UK
| | - Wanzhou Hu
- University College London (UCL) Institute of Ophthalmology; UCL; London; UK
| | - Vasiliki Papadaki
- University College London (UCL) Institute of Ophthalmology; UCL; London; UK
| | - Shin-ichi Ohnuma
- University College London (UCL) Institute of Ophthalmology; UCL; London; UK
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29
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Önnerfjord P, Khabut A, Reinholt FP, Svensson O, Heinegård D. Quantitative proteomic analysis of eight cartilaginous tissues reveals characteristic differences as well as similarities between subgroups. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:18913-24. [PMID: 22493511 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.298968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Human synovial joints display a characteristic anatomic distribution of arthritis, e.g. rheumatoid arthritis primarily affects the metacarpophalangeal and proximal finger joints, but rarely the distal finger joints, whereas osteoarthritis occurs in the distal and proximal finger joints. Pelvospondylitis has a selective localization to the spine and sacroiliac joints. Is this tropism due to differences between the cartilages at the molecular level? To substantiate this concept the present study provides a background detailed compositional analysis by relative quantification of extracellular matrix proteins in articular cartilages, meniscus, intervertebral disc, rib, and tracheal cartilages on samples from 5-6 different individuals using an optimized approach for proteomics. Tissue extraction followed by trypsin digestion and two-dimensional LC separations coupled to tandem mass spectrometry, relative quantification with isobaric labeling, iTRAQ(TM), was used to compare the relative abundance of about 150 proteins. There were clear differences in protein patterns between different kinds of cartilages. Matrilin-1 and epiphycan were specific for rib and trachea, whereas asporin was particularly abundant in the meniscus. Interestingly, lubricin was prominent in the intervertebral disc, especially in the nucleus pulposus. Fibromodulin and lumican showed distributions that were mirror images of one other. Analyses of the insoluble residues from guanidine extraction revealed that a fraction of several proteins remained unextracted, e.g. asporin, CILP, and COMP, indicating cross-linking. Distinct differences in protein patterns may relate to different tissue mechanical properties, and to the intriguing tropism in different patterns of joint pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Önnerfjord
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, BMC-C12, 221 84 Lund, Sweden.
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30
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Barallobre-Barreiro J, Didangelos A, Schoendube FA, Drozdov I, Yin X, Fernández-Caggiano M, Willeit P, Puntmann VO, Aldama-López G, Shah AM, Doménech N, Mayr M. Proteomics Analysis of Cardiac Extracellular Matrix Remodeling in a Porcine Model of Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Circulation 2012; 125:789-802. [DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.111.056952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background—
After myocardial ischemia, extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition occurs at the site of the focal injury and at the border region.
Methods and Results—
We have applied a novel proteomic method for the analysis of ECM in cardiovascular tissues to a porcine model of ischemia/reperfusion injury. ECM proteins were sequentially extracted and identified by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. For the first time, ECM proteins such as cartilage intermediate layer protein 1, matrilin-4, extracellular adipocyte enhancer binding protein 1, collagen α-1(XIV), and several members of the small leucine-rich proteoglycan family, including asporin and prolargin, were shown to contribute to cardiac remodeling. A comparison in 2 distinct cardiac regions (the focal injury in the left ventricle and the border region close to the occluded coronary artery) revealed a discordant regulation of protein and mRNA levels; although gene expression for selected ECM proteins was similar in both regions, the corresponding protein levels were much higher in the focal lesion. Further analysis based on >100 ECM proteins delineated a signature of early- and late-stage cardiac remodeling with transforming growth factor-β1 signaling at the center of the interaction network. Finally, novel cardiac ECM proteins identified by proteomics were validated in human left ventricular tissue acquired from ischemic cardiomyopathy patients at cardiac transplantation.
Conclusion—
Our findings reveal a biosignature of early- and late-stage ECM remodeling after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, which may have clinical utility as a prognostic marker and modifiable target for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Barallobre-Barreiro
- From the Research Unit/INIBIC CHUAC (J.B.-B., M.F.-C., N.D.) and CHUAC Interventional Cardiology Unit (G.A.-L.), A Coruña, Spain; Cardiovascular Division, King's British Heart Foundation Centre (A.D., I.D., X.Y., V.O.P., A.M.S., M.M.) and Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Physical Sciences and Engineering (I.D.), King's College London, London, UK; Faculty of Medicine, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany (F.A.S.); and Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge,
| | - Athanasios Didangelos
- From the Research Unit/INIBIC CHUAC (J.B.-B., M.F.-C., N.D.) and CHUAC Interventional Cardiology Unit (G.A.-L.), A Coruña, Spain; Cardiovascular Division, King's British Heart Foundation Centre (A.D., I.D., X.Y., V.O.P., A.M.S., M.M.) and Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Physical Sciences and Engineering (I.D.), King's College London, London, UK; Faculty of Medicine, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany (F.A.S.); and Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge,
| | - Friedrich A. Schoendube
- From the Research Unit/INIBIC CHUAC (J.B.-B., M.F.-C., N.D.) and CHUAC Interventional Cardiology Unit (G.A.-L.), A Coruña, Spain; Cardiovascular Division, King's British Heart Foundation Centre (A.D., I.D., X.Y., V.O.P., A.M.S., M.M.) and Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Physical Sciences and Engineering (I.D.), King's College London, London, UK; Faculty of Medicine, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany (F.A.S.); and Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge,
| | - Ignat Drozdov
- From the Research Unit/INIBIC CHUAC (J.B.-B., M.F.-C., N.D.) and CHUAC Interventional Cardiology Unit (G.A.-L.), A Coruña, Spain; Cardiovascular Division, King's British Heart Foundation Centre (A.D., I.D., X.Y., V.O.P., A.M.S., M.M.) and Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Physical Sciences and Engineering (I.D.), King's College London, London, UK; Faculty of Medicine, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany (F.A.S.); and Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge,
| | - Xiaoke Yin
- From the Research Unit/INIBIC CHUAC (J.B.-B., M.F.-C., N.D.) and CHUAC Interventional Cardiology Unit (G.A.-L.), A Coruña, Spain; Cardiovascular Division, King's British Heart Foundation Centre (A.D., I.D., X.Y., V.O.P., A.M.S., M.M.) and Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Physical Sciences and Engineering (I.D.), King's College London, London, UK; Faculty of Medicine, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany (F.A.S.); and Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge,
| | - Mariana Fernández-Caggiano
- From the Research Unit/INIBIC CHUAC (J.B.-B., M.F.-C., N.D.) and CHUAC Interventional Cardiology Unit (G.A.-L.), A Coruña, Spain; Cardiovascular Division, King's British Heart Foundation Centre (A.D., I.D., X.Y., V.O.P., A.M.S., M.M.) and Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Physical Sciences and Engineering (I.D.), King's College London, London, UK; Faculty of Medicine, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany (F.A.S.); and Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge,
| | - Peter Willeit
- From the Research Unit/INIBIC CHUAC (J.B.-B., M.F.-C., N.D.) and CHUAC Interventional Cardiology Unit (G.A.-L.), A Coruña, Spain; Cardiovascular Division, King's British Heart Foundation Centre (A.D., I.D., X.Y., V.O.P., A.M.S., M.M.) and Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Physical Sciences and Engineering (I.D.), King's College London, London, UK; Faculty of Medicine, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany (F.A.S.); and Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge,
| | - Valentina O. Puntmann
- From the Research Unit/INIBIC CHUAC (J.B.-B., M.F.-C., N.D.) and CHUAC Interventional Cardiology Unit (G.A.-L.), A Coruña, Spain; Cardiovascular Division, King's British Heart Foundation Centre (A.D., I.D., X.Y., V.O.P., A.M.S., M.M.) and Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Physical Sciences and Engineering (I.D.), King's College London, London, UK; Faculty of Medicine, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany (F.A.S.); and Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge,
| | - Guillermo Aldama-López
- From the Research Unit/INIBIC CHUAC (J.B.-B., M.F.-C., N.D.) and CHUAC Interventional Cardiology Unit (G.A.-L.), A Coruña, Spain; Cardiovascular Division, King's British Heart Foundation Centre (A.D., I.D., X.Y., V.O.P., A.M.S., M.M.) and Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Physical Sciences and Engineering (I.D.), King's College London, London, UK; Faculty of Medicine, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany (F.A.S.); and Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge,
| | - Ajay M. Shah
- From the Research Unit/INIBIC CHUAC (J.B.-B., M.F.-C., N.D.) and CHUAC Interventional Cardiology Unit (G.A.-L.), A Coruña, Spain; Cardiovascular Division, King's British Heart Foundation Centre (A.D., I.D., X.Y., V.O.P., A.M.S., M.M.) and Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Physical Sciences and Engineering (I.D.), King's College London, London, UK; Faculty of Medicine, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany (F.A.S.); and Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge,
| | - Nieves Doménech
- From the Research Unit/INIBIC CHUAC (J.B.-B., M.F.-C., N.D.) and CHUAC Interventional Cardiology Unit (G.A.-L.), A Coruña, Spain; Cardiovascular Division, King's British Heart Foundation Centre (A.D., I.D., X.Y., V.O.P., A.M.S., M.M.) and Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Physical Sciences and Engineering (I.D.), King's College London, London, UK; Faculty of Medicine, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany (F.A.S.); and Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge,
| | - Manuel Mayr
- From the Research Unit/INIBIC CHUAC (J.B.-B., M.F.-C., N.D.) and CHUAC Interventional Cardiology Unit (G.A.-L.), A Coruña, Spain; Cardiovascular Division, King's British Heart Foundation Centre (A.D., I.D., X.Y., V.O.P., A.M.S., M.M.) and Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Physical Sciences and Engineering (I.D.), King's College London, London, UK; Faculty of Medicine, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany (F.A.S.); and Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge,
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31
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW A number of reasonably powered osteoarthritis genome-wide association scans are now in the final phases of their analysis, leaving us all with baited breath. This review highlights some of the osteoarthritis signals and subsequent insights that have emerged from the candidate studies and smaller scale scans that have preceded these more powered studies, and which could therefore be considered as appetizers to the hopeful treats to follow. RECENT FINDINGS If one applies the strict criteria of genome-wide significance thresholds, only two current signals pass muster: GDF5 and 7p22. If one relaxes slightly, other signals emerge, such as DIO2, SMAD3 and ASPN. After these, however, we enter the realm where faith takes precedence. SUMMARY The search for osteoarthritis susceptibility loci has not been as successful as many had anticipated. This reflects many factors, including the heterogeneous nature of the disease, the tendency to use less severe phenotypes in genetic searches and the reliance on underpowered studies. We do, however, have some successes and in the very near future others will emerge from the more powered scans. Hopefully, combining the current with the new will help our attempts to understand the cause of this complex, common arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Loughlin
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK.
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32
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Loughlin J. Knee osteoarthritis, lumbar-disc degeneration and developmental dysplasia of the hip--an emerging genetic overlap. Arthritis Res Ther 2011; 13:108. [PMID: 21542882 PMCID: PMC3132037 DOI: 10.1186/ar3291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetics highlights relationships between biological systems, and as the number of defined osteoarthritis susceptibility alleles increases, there is the natural tendency to assess whether the alleles influence other musculoskeletal phenotypes. That has proven to be the case for the GDF5 polymorphism rs143383, a risk factor for knee osteoarthritis and several other common conditions, including lumbar-disc degeneration and developmental dysplasia of the hip. Another interesting example has recently emerged in the repeat polymorphism of the asporin gene, ASPN, which is also associated with these three phenotypes. Such discoveries increase our understanding of shared disease etiology but also emphasize the complexity of common genetic risk.
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