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Evidence for the prevention of bone loss in elderly and old early non-metastatic breast cancer patients treated with aromatase inhibitors. Eur Geriatr Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurger.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Oei L, Zillikens MC, Rivadeneira F, Oei EHG. Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures as Part of Systemic Disease. J Clin Densitom 2016; 19:70-80. [PMID: 26376171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of the genetic control of skeletogenesis and bone remodeling is expanding, and normally, bone resorption and bone formation are well balanced through regulation by hormones, growth factors, and cytokines. Osteoporosis is considered a systemic disease characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue. Consequent increased bone fragility results in higher fracture risk. The most common osteoporotic fractures are located in the spine, and they form a significant health issue. A large variety of systemic diseases are associated with risk of osteoporotic vertebral fractures, illustrating its multifactorial etiology. Prevalences of these conditions vary from common to extremely rare, and incidence peaks differ according to etiology. This review appreciates different aspects of osteoporotic vertebral fractures as part of systemic disease, including genetic, immunologic, inflammatory, metabolic, and endocrine pathways. It seems impossible to be all-comprehensive on this topic; nevertheless, we hope to provide a reasonably thorough overview. Plenty remains to be elucidated in this field, identifying even more associated diseases and further exposing pathophysiological mechanisms underlying osteoporotic vertebral fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Oei
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Netherlands Genomics Initiative-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, IJsselland Hospital, Capelle aan den IJssel, The Netherlands
| | - M Carola Zillikens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Netherlands Genomics Initiative-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging, The Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Netherlands Genomics Initiative-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin H G Oei
- Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Veronese N, Bolzetta F, De Rui M, Maggi S, Noale M, Zambon S, Corti MC, Toffanello ED, Baggio G, Perissinotto E, Crepaldi G, Manzato E, Sergi G. Serum uric acid and incident osteoporotic fractures in old people: The PRO.V.A study. Bone 2015; 79:183-9. [PMID: 26079996 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although high serum uric acid (SUA) levels are associated with negative outcomes in older people, recent studies reported that hyperuricemia could help protect against the onset of bone fractures. We consequently examined whether baseline SUA levels were associated with risk of incident osteoporotic fractures in a representative group of elderly people with no fractures or other bone-modifying conditions or drugs at the baseline. METHODS Among 3099 people aged ≥ 65 years initially involved in the PRO.V.A. study, 1586 participants with no prior diagnosis of osteoporotic fractures, and no conditions or medication affecting bone metabolism at the baseline were followed up for 4.4 ± 1.2 years. Baseline SUA levels were classified in gender-specific quintiles. Incident osteoporotic fractures were considered as any new fractures occurring at the usual sites of osteoporotic fractures. RESULTS At the baseline, participants with higher SUA levels had significantly less osteoporosis and lower serum beta cross-laps levels, but higher serum parathormone concentrations irrespective of gender. Over a 4.4-year follow-up, 185 subjects were diagnosed with a new osteoporotic fracture, giving rise to an incidence of 25 events per 1,000 person-years. Cox's regression analysis, adjusted for potential baseline and follow-up confounders, revealed no relationship between high SUA levels and incident fractures during the follow-up in the sample as a whole (p for trend=0.46) or by gender (p for trend=0.14 in males and 0.64 in females). CONCLUSIONS Baseline SUA concentrations were not associated with the onset of new osteoporotic fractures over a 4.4-year follow-up in our sample of community-dwelling older men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Veronese
- Department of Medicine DIMED, Geriatrics Division; University of Padova, Italy.
| | - Francesco Bolzetta
- Department of Medicine DIMED, Geriatrics Division; University of Padova, Italy
| | - Marina De Rui
- Department of Medicine DIMED, Geriatrics Division; University of Padova, Italy
| | - Stefania Maggi
- National Research Council, Neuroscience Institute, Padova, Italy
| | - Marianna Noale
- National Research Council, Neuroscience Institute, Padova, Italy
| | - Sabina Zambon
- National Research Council, Neuroscience Institute, Padova, Italy; Department of Medicine DIMED, Clinica Medica I, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Corti
- Division of Health Care Planning and Evaluation of the Regione Veneto, Venice, Italy
| | | | | | - Egle Perissinotto
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gaetano Crepaldi
- National Research Council, Neuroscience Institute, Padova, Italy
| | - Enzo Manzato
- Department of Medicine DIMED, Geriatrics Division; University of Padova, Italy; National Research Council, Neuroscience Institute, Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sergi
- Department of Medicine DIMED, Geriatrics Division; University of Padova, Italy
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Greenspan SL, Vujevich KT, Brufsky A, Lembersky BC, van Londen GJ, Jankowitz RC, Puhalla SL, Rastogi P, Perera S. Prevention of bone loss with risedronate in breast cancer survivors: a randomized, controlled clinical trial. Osteoporos Int 2015; 26:1857-64. [PMID: 25792492 PMCID: PMC4766869 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-015-3100-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In postmenopausal women with low bone mass and hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer on an aromatase inhibitor, risedronate maintained skeletal health assessed by bone density and turnover markers. Women with the greatest decreases in bone turnover markers at 12 months had the greatest increases in bone density at 24 months. INTRODUCTION Aromatase inhibitors (AIs), adjuvant endocrine therapy for postmenopausal women with hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer, are associated with bone loss and fractures. Our objectives were to determine if (1) oral bisphosphonate therapy can prevent bone loss in women on an AI and (2) early changes in bone turnover markers (BTM) can predict later changes in bone mineral density (BMD). METHODS We conducted a 2-year double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial in 109 postmenopausal women with low bone mass on an AI (anastrozole, letrozole, or exemestane) for hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer. Participants were randomized to once weekly risedronate 35 mg or placebo, and all received calcium plus vitamin D. The main outcome measures included BMD, BTM [carboxy-terminal collagen crosslinks (CTX) and N-terminal propeptide of type 1 procollagen (P1NP)], and safety. RESULTS Eighty-seven percent completed 24 months. BMD increased more in the active treatment group compared to placebo with an adjusted difference at 24 months of 3.9 ± 0.7 percentage points at the spine and 3.2 ± 0.5 percentage points at the hip (both p < 0.05). The adjusted difference between the active treatment and placebo groups were 0.09 ± 0.04 nmol/LBCE for CTX and 23.3 ± 4.8 μg/mL for P1NP (both p < 0.05). Women with greater 12-month decreases in CTX and P1NP in the active treatment group had a greater 24-month increase in spinal BMD (p < 0.05). The oral therapy was safe and well tolerated. CONCLUSION In postmenopausal women with low bone mass and breast cancer on an AI, the oral bisphosphonate risedronate maintained skeletal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Greenspan
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3471 Fifth Ave., Suite 1110, Kaufmann Bldg, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| | - K T Vujevich
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3471 Fifth Ave., Suite 1110, Kaufmann Bldg, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - A Brufsky
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3471 Fifth Ave., Suite 1110, Kaufmann Bldg, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - B C Lembersky
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3471 Fifth Ave., Suite 1110, Kaufmann Bldg, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - G J van Londen
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3471 Fifth Ave., Suite 1110, Kaufmann Bldg, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - R C Jankowitz
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3471 Fifth Ave., Suite 1110, Kaufmann Bldg, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - S L Puhalla
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3471 Fifth Ave., Suite 1110, Kaufmann Bldg, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - P Rastogi
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3471 Fifth Ave., Suite 1110, Kaufmann Bldg, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - S Perera
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3471 Fifth Ave., Suite 1110, Kaufmann Bldg, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Sestak I, Singh S, Cuzick J, Blake GM, Patel R, Gossiel F, Coleman R, Dowsett M, Forbes JF, Howell A, Eastell R. Changes in bone mineral density at 3 years in postmenopausal women receiving anastrozole and risedronate in the IBIS-II bone substudy: an international, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Oncol 2014; 15:1460-1468. [PMID: 25456365 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(14)71035-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aromatase inhibitors prevent breast cancer in postmenopausal women at high risk of the disease but are associated with accelerated bone loss. We assessed effectiveness of oral risedronate for prevention of reduction in bone mineral density (BMD) after 3 years of follow-up in a subset of patients in the IBIS-II trial. METHODS The double-blind IBIS-II trial recruited 3864 healthy, postmenopausal women at increased risk of breast cancer and randomly allocated them oral anastrozole (1 mg/day) or matched placebo. 1410 (36%) postmenopausal women were then enrolled in a bone substudy and stratified at baseline according to their lowest baseline T score at spine or femoral neck (stratum I: T score at least -1·0; stratum II: T score at least -2·5 but less than -1·0; stratum III: T score less than -2·5 but greater than -4·0). Women in stratum I were monitored only; women in stratum III were all given risedronate (35 mg/week). Women in stratum II were randomly assigned (1:1) to risedronate (35 mg/week) or matched placebo by use of a block randomisation schedule via a web-based programme. The primary outcome of this per-protocol analysis (done with all women with a baseline and 3 year DXA assessment) was the effect of risedronate versus placebo for osteopenic women in stratum II randomly allocated to anastrozole (1 mg/day). Secondary outcomes included effect of anastrozole (1 mg/day) on BMD in women not receiving risedronate (strata I and II) and in osteoporotic women who were all treated with risedronate (stratum III). The trial is ongoing, but no longer recruiting. This trial is registered, number ISRCTN31488319. FINDINGS Between Feb 2, 2003, and Sept 30, 2010, 150 (58%) of 260 women in stratum II who had been randomly allocated to anastrozole and either risedronate or placebo had baseline and 3 year assessments. At the lumbar spine, 3 year mean BMD change for the 77 women receiving anastrozole/risedronate was 1·1% (95% CI 0·2 to 2·1) versus -2·6% (-4·0 to -1·3) for the 73 women receiving anastrozole/placebo (p<0·0001). For the total hip, 3 year mean BMD change for women receiving anastrozole/risedronate was -0·7% (-1·6 to 0·2) versus -3·5% (-4·6 to -2·3) for women receiving anastrozole/placebo (p=0·0001). 652 (65%) of 1008 women in strata I and II who were not randomly allocated to risedronate had both baseline and 3 year assessments. Women not receiving risedronate in stratum I and II who received anastrozole (310 women) had a significant BMD decrease after 3 years of follow-up compared with women who received placebo (342 women) at the lumbar spine (-4·0% [-4·5 to -3·4] vs -1·2% [-1·7 to -0·7], p<0·0001) and total hip (-4·0% [-4·4 to -3·6] vs -1·8% [-2·1 to -1·4], p<0·0001). 106 (79%) of 149 women in stratum III had a baseline and a 3 year assessment. The 46 women allocated to anastrozole had a modest BMD increase of 1·2% (-0·1 to 2·6) at the spine compared with a 3·9% (2·6 to 5·2) increase for the 60 women allocated to placebo (p=0·006). For the total hip, a small 0·3% (-0·9 to 1·5) increase was noted for women allocated anastrozole compared with a 1·5% (0·5 to 2·5) increase for women allocated placebo, but the difference was not significant (p=0·12). The most common adverse event reported was arthralgia (stratum I: 94 placebo and 114 anastrozole; stratum II: 39 placebo/placebo, 25 placebo/risedronate, 34 anastrozole/placebo, and 34 anastrozole/risedronate; stratum III: 21 placebo/risedronate, 17 anastrozole/risedronate). Other adverse events included hot flushes, alopecia, abdominal pain, and back pain. INTERPRETATION Risedronate counterbalances the effect of anastrozole-induced bone loss in osteopenic and osteoporotic women and might be offered in combination with anastrozole treatment to provide an improved risk-benefit profile. FUNDING Cancer Research UK (C569/A5032), National Health and Medical Research Council Australia (GNT300755, GNT569213), Sanofi-Aventis, and AstraZeneca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Sestak
- Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University London, London, UK.
| | - Shalini Singh
- Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
| | - Jack Cuzick
- Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
| | - Glen M Blake
- Biomedical Engineering Department, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Fatma Gossiel
- Department of Human Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Rob Coleman
- Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Mitch Dowsett
- Academic Department of Biochemistry, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - John F Forbes
- University of Newcastle, Calvary Mater Hospital, Australia New Zealand Breast Cancer Trials Group Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Richard Eastell
- Department of Human Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Su G, Xiang Y, He G, Jiang C, Li C, Yan Z, Zhong Y. Bisphosphonates May Protect against Bone Loss in Postmenopausal Women with Early Breast Cancer Receiving Adjuvant Aromatase Inhibitor Therapy: Results from a Meta-analysis. Arch Med Res 2014; 45:570-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Datta M, Schwartz GG. Calcium and vitamin D supplementation and loss of bone mineral density in women undergoing breast cancer therapy. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2013; 88:613-24. [PMID: 23932583 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An unintended consequence of breast cancer therapies is an increased risk of osteoporosis due to accelerated bone loss. We conducted a systematic review of calcium and/or vitamin D (Ca±D) supplementation trials for maintaining bone mineral density (BMD) in women with breast cancer using the "before-after" data from the Ca±D supplemented comparison group of trials evaluating the effect of drugs such as bisphosphonates on BMD. Whether Ca±D supplements increase BMD in women undergoing breast cancer therapy has never been tested against an unsupplemented control group. However, results from 16 trials indicate that the Ca±D doses tested (500-1500mg calcium; 200-1000IU vitamin D) were inadequate to prevent BMD loss in these women. Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of mortality in women with breast cancer. Because calcium supplements may increase cardiovascular disease risk, future trials should evaluate the safety and efficacy of Ca±D supplementation in women undergoing breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mridul Datta
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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Bai H, Jing D, Guo A, Yin S. Randomized controlled trial of zoledronic acid for treatment of osteoporosis in women. J Int Med Res 2013; 41:697-704. [PMID: 23669294 DOI: 10.1177/0300060513480917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess the effect of zoledronic acid (ZOL) on bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture risk at the L1–L4 vertebrae, femoral neck, hip and trochanter in Chinese women with osteoporosis. Methods A randomized controlled trial was conducted in female patients with osteoporosis, randomized to receive one 5-mg ZOL intravenous infusion per year or placebo equivalent. Facture risk and BMD were measured over a 2-year follow-up period. Results A statistically significant reduction in the risk of fracture was observed at the trochanter in the ZOL group ( n = 242) compared with the placebo group ( n = 241); (odds ratio 0.54 [95% confidence interval 0.29, 0.98]): BMD was 0.24, 0.28, 0.31 and 0.22 greater at the L1–L4 vertebrae, total hip, femoral neck and trochanter, respectively, in the ZOL group. The incidence of adverse events was comparable between treatment groups. Conclusions This study indicated that ZOL could increase BMD and reduce fracture risk in women with osteoporosis over a 2-year follow-up period, and was not associated with any serious drug-related adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Bai
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of The General Hospital of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Danqing Jing
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of The General Hospital of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Aitao Guo
- Department of Pathology, The General Hospital of the PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Shinan Yin
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of The General Hospital of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA), Beijing 100048, China
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