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Liang Y, Yuan X, Dai X, Zhang G, Li C, Yang H, Zhang T, Qin J. The effects of simvastatin on the bone microstructure and mechanics of ovariectomized mice: a micro-CT and micro-finite element analysis study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2024; 25:748. [PMID: 39294613 PMCID: PMC11409800 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-024-07860-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis is a major health concern for postmenopausal women, and the effect of simvastatin (Sim) on bone metabolism is controversial. This study aimed to investigate the effect of simvastatin on the bone microstructure and bone mechanical properties in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. METHODS 24 female C57BL/6J mice (8-week-old) were randomly allocated into three groups including the OVX + Sim group, the OVX group and the control group. At 8 weeks after operation, the L4 vertebral bones were dissected completely for micro-Computed Tomography (micro-CT) scanning and micro-finite element analysis (µFEA). The differences between three groups were compared using ANOVA with a LSD correction, and the relationship between bone microstructure and mechanical properties was analyzed using linear regression. RESULTS Bone volume fraction, trabecular number, connectivity density and trabecular tissue mineral density in the OVX + Sim group were significantly higher than those in the OVX group (P < 0.05). For the mechanical properties detected via µFEA, the OVX + Sim group had lower total deformation, equivalent elastic strain and equivalent stress compared to the OVX group (P < 0.05). In the three groups, the mechanical parameters were significantly correlated with bone volume fraction and trabecular bone mineral density. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggested that simvastatin had a potential role in the treatment of osteoporosis. The results of this study could guide future research on simvastatin and support the development of simvastatin-based treatments to improve bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Liang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, No.366 Taishan Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271000, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yuan
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, No.366 Taishan Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271000, China
- Chinese institutes for medical research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xiaoxue Dai
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Guohui Zhang
- Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Changqin Li
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, No.366 Taishan Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271000, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, No.366 Taishan Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271000, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, No.366 Taishan Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271000, China
| | - Jian Qin
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, No.366 Taishan Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271000, China.
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Wang M, Li H, Tang J, Xi Y, Chen S, Liu M. Effect of simvastatin on osteogenesis of the extremity bones in aging rats. Connect Tissue Res 2023; 64:64-74. [PMID: 35816110 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2022.2094790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Simvastatin is a prodrug of the potent 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor. The main purpose of the current study is to assess the accurate function of simvastatin on osteoporosis of extremity bones in aging rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty 15-month-old SD rats were divided into five groups (four simvastatin groups and one control group). The rats in four simvastatin groups were fed with different doses of simvastatin (5, 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg/d, respectively) for 3 months, whereas the rats in control group were fed the equal physiological saline. Calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and the lipid spectrum in serum were measured. Biochemical markers of bone metabolism, osteocalcin (OC), and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (Trap-5b), were analyzed using ELISA. The content of adipocytes in bone marrow was analyzed by histological staining. Finally, the bone quality of the femur and tibia were evaluated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), peri-quantity CT (pQCT), and the 3-point bending biomechanical test. RESULTS Simvastatin reduced serum triglycerides (TG), and 10 mg/kg/d of simvastatin significantly reduced the content of adipocytes in bone marrow compared to the control group. However, statistically significant differences between the simvastatin groups and the control group were not found in the CA, P, OC, Trap-5b, or the evaluation indexes of bone quality from DEXA, pQCT, and biomechanical tests. CONCLUSION Simvastatin could not prevent osteoporosis of the extremity bones in aging rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengran Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haowei Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaxin Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Xi
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiyi Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Sabandal MMI, Schäfer E, Petsching S, Jung S, Kleinheinz J, Sielker S. Pleiotropic effects on proliferation and mineralization of primary human adipose tissue-derived stromal cells induced by simvastatin. Open Biol 2022; 12:210337. [PMID: 35673853 PMCID: PMC9174717 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The circulating low-density lipoprotein concentration in blood can be reduced by the administration of statins. Frequently simvastatin (SV) is prescribed. Due to the reported pleiotropic effects of SV the aim of this study was to evaluate mineralization effects on human adipose tissue-derived stromal cells upon administration of SV. After informed consent human adipose tissue-derived stromal cells were obtained from tissue surplus of regular treatments of 14 individuals. According to established protocols after adding various SV concentrations (0.01 µM, 0.1 µM, 1.0 µM, 2.0 µM), alkaline phosphate (osteoblastic marker), mineralization capability and viability were determined at day 18, 21 and 28. The Kruskal-Wallis test was performed for statistical analysis. After adding SV a dose-dependent significant decreased viability and levels of alkaline phosphatase (p < 0.01) and a significantly increased mineralization (p < 0.01) of the primary cultures was recognized during the late mineralization stage. Mineralization of the human adipose tissue-derived stromal cells was induced by SV, possibly originated from alternative pathways than the alkaline phosphatase pathway. Further investigations should be performed regarding switching into the osteoblastic differentiation and as a possible source of cells that can be used as the basis for a potential bone graft substitute, which may allow an extension of the field of application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Mariano Isabelo Sabandal
- Central Interdisciplinary Ambulance in the School of Dentistry, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude W30, Waldeyerstr. 30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Edgar Schäfer
- Central Interdisciplinary Ambulance in the School of Dentistry, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude W30, Waldeyerstr. 30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Simon Petsching
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Susanne Jung
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Johannes Kleinheinz
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sonja Sielker
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
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Li H, Gou Y, Tian F, Lian Q, Hu Y, Zhang L. The combined anti-osteoporotic effects of simvastatin and exercise in ovariectomized mice fed a high-fat diet. Exp Gerontol 2022; 164:111794. [PMID: 35421557 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate and compare the effects of the combined intervention of simvastatin and exercise on the bone degeneration in a mice model of osteoporosis (OP) induced by obesity and estrogen deficiency. METHODS 56 female 3-month-old C57BL/6 mice were given a standard diet or a high-fat diet after ovariectomy (OVX) or sham surgery. Drug administration and exercise training were initiated 72 h after surgical operation, which were treated with simvastatin (10 mg/kg/day) or exercise (15 m/min for 30 min/day) or combined with simvastatin and exercise at 72 h for 8 weeks. The pathology of OP was assessed by histomorphology analyses, immunohistochemistry (IHC), micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and cell culture. RESULTS The coexistence of obesity and estrogen deficiency significantly further exacerbated OP pathology, and combined intervention showed a better significant anti-osteoporosis effect than monotherapy. In details, simvastatin combined with exercise ameliorated the abnormal bone mass, microstructure and bone marrow adipocyte differentiation, significantly increased osteoprotegerin (OPG), type 1 collagen (Col-I), RUNX2 and osteocalcin (OCN) expression, decreased the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). Furthermore, combined intervention markedly improved abnormal metabolic status, reduced the levels of serum glucose, insulin, triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), leptin, CTX-1 and IL-1β, and increased the level of OCN. CONCLUSIONS The coexistence of obesity and estrogen deficiency further aggravates bone tissue degeneration and abnormal metabolic pathology, which could be better inhibited by the combination with simvastatin and exercise instead of single intervention, suggesting that combined intervention may be a potential candidate for amelioration of the progression of OP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hetong Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Yu Gou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Faming Tian
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, PR China
| | - Qiangqiang Lian
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, PR China
| | - Yunpeng Hu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Liu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China.
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Ossipov DA, Lüchow M, Malkoch M. Differentiating Co-Delivery of Bisphosphonate and Simvastatin by Self-Healing Hyaluronan Hydrogel Formed by Orthogonal "Clicks": An In-Vitro Assessment. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13132106. [PMID: 34206872 PMCID: PMC8272211 DOI: 10.3390/polym13132106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its unique properties resembling living tissues, hydrogels are attractive carriers for the localized and targeted delivery of various drugs. Drug release kinetics from hydrogels are commonly controlled by network properties and the drug-network interactions. However, and simultaneously, the programmable delivery of multiple drugs with opposing properties (hydrophilicity, molecular weight, etc.) from hydrogels with determined network properties is still challenging. Herein, we describe the preparation of injectable self-healing hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels that release hydrophobic simvastatin and hydrophilic aminobisphosphonate (BP) drugs independently in response to acidic and thiol-containing microenvironments, respectively. We apply a prodrug strategy to BP by conjugating it to HA via a self-immolative disulfide linker that is stable in the blood plasma and is cleavable in the cytoplasm. Moreover, we utilize HA-linked BP ligands to reversibly bind Ca2+ ions and form coordination hydrogels. Hydrazone coupling of hydrophobic ligands to HA permits the encapsulation of simvastatin molecules in the resulting amphiphilic HA derivative and the subsequent acid-triggered release of the drug. The conjugation of BP and hydrophobic ligands to HA enables preparation of both bulk self-healing hydrogels and nanogels. Moreover, the developed hydrogel system is shown to be multi-responsive by applying orthogonally cleavable linkers. The presented hydrogel is a potential candidate for the combination treatment of osteoporosis and bone cancers as well as for bone tissue regeneration since it can deliver bone anabolic and anti-catabolic agents in response to bone diseases microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri A. Ossipov
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 83 Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence:
| | - Mads Lüchow
- Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden; (M.L.); (M.M.)
| | - Michael Malkoch
- Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden; (M.L.); (M.M.)
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Huang C, Liang D, Huang C, Li B, He J, Huang X. The protective effects of simvastatin in Cadmium-Induced preosteoblast injury through Nox4. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2020; 42:117-124. [PMID: 33349105 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2020.1859533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) has a direct toxic effect on bones. Statins such as simvastatin have protective effects on various diseases, including on tissue injury. The current study revealed the efficacy of simvastatin on Cd-induced preosteoblast injury. Preosteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells were incubated with various doses of CdCl2 for 12 h, 24 h and 48 h, and then the cell cytotoxicity was assessed using MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The expression level of Nox4 was assessed by Western blot and qRT-PCR. The morphological appearance of MC3T3-E1 cells was observed under a microscope. Cells exposed to CdCl2 (5 µM) were further treated by simvastatin at various doses, subsequently cell viability, apoptosis and the expression of Nox4 were measured. Furthermore, to confirm the protective effects of simvastatin on Cd-induced pre-osteoblast injury, functional rescue assays were performed after corresponding cell treatment by simvastatin (10-8 M), CdCl2 (5 µM), and overexpression of Nox4. Expressions of cell apoptosis-related markers were measured by Western blot and qRT-PCR. The results revealed that CdCl2 caused MC3T3-E1 cell injury because the cell viability was decreased and the apoptosis was increased. Nox4 expression was up-regulated with the increase of CdCl2 concentrations. Simvastatin increased the cell viability, relieved the cell apoptosis and Nox4 expression previously increased by CdCl2. The effects of CdCl2 on MC3T3-E1 cells and Nox4 expression could be attenuated by simvastatin, and promoted by Nox4 overexpression. The current study found that simvastatin protects Cd-induced preosteoblast injury via Nox4, thus, it can be used as a potential drug for treating cadmium-induced bone injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongxia Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangzhou Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Du Liang
- Department of Orthopedics and Arthrolog, Guangzhou Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chongbo Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Guangzhou Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baolin Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Guangzhou Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiandong He
- Department of Orthopedics and Arthrolog, Guangzhou Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ximou Huang
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou Yuexiu District Orthopedics and Traumatology Rehabilitation, Guangzhou, China
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Sabandal MMI, Schäfer E, Aed J, Jung S, Kleinheinz J, Sielker S. Simvastatin induces adverse effects on proliferation and mineralization of human primary osteoblasts. Head Face Med 2020; 16:18. [PMID: 32819403 PMCID: PMC7439668 DOI: 10.1186/s13005-020-00232-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Frequently statins were administered to reduce the LDL-concentration in circulating blood. Especially simvastatin (SV) is an often prescribed statin. Pleiotropic effects of these drugs were reported. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate effects of SV on osteoblastic mineralization. Methods After informed consent primary osteoblasts were collected from tissue surplus after treatment of 14 individuals in the Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Münster. The cells were passaged according to established protocols. Viability, mineralization capability and osteoblastic marker (alkaline phosphatase) were determined at day 9, 13 and 16 after adding various SV concentrations (0.05 μM, 0.1 μM, 0.5 μM, 1.0 μM). Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis-test. Results The cell cultures showed a time and dose-dependent significantly decreased viability (p < 0.01) and a significantly increased mineralization (p < 0.01) in a late mineralization stage after adding SV. The typical alteration of the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels during osteogenic differentiation was not recognizable. Conclusions The pleiotropic effects found for different SV concentrations were possibly originated from other mineralization pathways beside the ALP induced one. Additionally, possible alterations of protein expression levels during mineralization and investigation of possible deviating application of SV in other treatment fields can be considered after gaining a deeper insight in the affected mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Mariano Isabelo Sabandal
- Central Interdisciplinary Ambulance in the School of Dentistry, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude W30, Waldeyerstr. 30, 48149, Münster, Germany.
| | - Edgar Schäfer
- Central Interdisciplinary Ambulance in the School of Dentistry, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude W30, Waldeyerstr. 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Jonathan Aed
- Central Interdisciplinary Ambulance in the School of Dentistry, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude W30, Waldeyerstr. 30, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Susanne Jung
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Johannes Kleinheinz
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sonja Sielker
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
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Bandgar SA, Jadhav NR, Manjappa AS. A remarkable in vitro cytotoxic, cell cycle arresting and proapoptotic characteristics of low-dose mixed micellar simvastatin combined with alendronate sodium. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2020; 10:1122-1135. [DOI: 10.1007/s13346-020-00752-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Piao C, Li Z, Ding J, Kong D. Comparative Analysis of Bone Mechanical Properties of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Raloxifene in Treatment of Osteoporosis. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2020. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.29.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengdong Piao
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Hospital of Jilin University
| | - Zhengwei Li
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Hospital of Jilin University
| | - Jie Ding
- Department of Stomatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Daliang Kong
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Jilin University
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Zhu K, Zhao F, Yang Y, Mu W. Effects of simvastatin-loaded PLGA microspheres on treatment of rats with intervertebral disk degeneration and on 6-K-PGF1α and HIF-1α. Exp Ther Med 2019; 19:579-584. [PMID: 31897100 PMCID: PMC6923742 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of simvastatin-loaded PLGA sustained release microspheres on the treatment of rats with intervertebral disk degeneration (IVDD) and on 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α (6-K-PGF1α) and hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) were investigated. Eighty female rats were selected and randomized into a model group (modeled for IVDD), a treatment group (modeled and treated with simvastatin-loaded PLGA sustained release microspheres), a sham operation group (only operated without excision), and a control group (not treated) (n=20 each). After modeling, 6-K-PGF1α and HIF-1α in the peripheral blood of the rats were, respectively, detected before simvastatin injection (T0), at 2 weeks (T1) and 4 weeks (T2) after simvastatin injection. The bone mineral density (BMD) of L5 and L6 was detected by X-ray. The trabecular thickness, number, and separation of the vertebral body were detected. Changes in the sagittal T2-weighted signal of intervertebral disc nucleus pulposus were detected by MRI. There were no differences between the control and sham operation groups in the indices (P>0.050). Compared with those in the model group during the treatment, BMD, 6-K-PGF1α, HIF-1α, and trabecular number in the treatment group significantly increased (P<0.050), while the trabecular separation significantly decreased (P<0.050). The sagittal T2-weighted MRI signal in the model group was the lowest between the four groups (P<0.050). Simvastatin-loaded PLGA sustained release microspheres can improve the BMD of the vertebral body and increase the contents of 6-K-PGF1α and HIF-1α in the treatment of rats with IVDD, so they are important for the clinical treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhu
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China.,Department of Spine Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, P.R. China
| | - Futing Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Qingyun County People's Hospital, Dezhou, Shandong 253700, P.R. China
| | - Yanhua Yang
- Department of Pathology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266011, P.R. China
| | - Weidong Mu
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
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11
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Skripnikova IA, Alikhanova NA, Kolchinа MA, Myagkova MA, Kosmatova OV. Atherosclerosis and Osteoporosis. Common Targets for the Effects of Cardiovascular and Anti-osteoporotic Drugs (Part I). The Effect of Cardiovascular Drugs on Bone Strength. RATIONAL PHARMACOTHERAPY IN CARDIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.20996/1819-6446-2019-15-1-69-76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Daily use of antihypertensive and lipid-lowering drugs in clinical practice dictates the need for knowledge of their pleiotropic effects. The article presents the results of studies of the effect of cardiovascular drugs, such as statins, beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, diuretics, calcium antagonists and nitrates on bone mineral density and fractures associated with osteoporosis. The mechanisms of action of drugs on bone mass, markers of bone metabolism, the frequency of fractures in osteoporosis are discussed. Most studies show that the use of cardiac drugs along with a positive effect on the vascular wall, slow bone resorption and increase bone mass. Knowledge of the additional effect on bone metabolism of drugs used in cardiovascular diseases allows to choose an adequate therapy and improve the prognosis of both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - M. A. Kolchinа
- National Medical Research Center for Preventive Medicine
| | - M. A. Myagkova
- National Medical Research Center for Preventive Medicine
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12
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Castro AGB, Löwik DPM, van Steenbergen MJ, Jansen JA, van den Beucken JJJP, Yang F. Incorporation of simvastatin in PLLA membranes for guided bone regeneration: effect of thermal treatment on simvastatin release. RSC Adv 2018; 8:28546-28554. [PMID: 35542464 PMCID: PMC9084343 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04397c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrospun membranes based on biodegradable polymers are promising materials to be used for guided bone regeneration (GBR) therapy. The incorporation of osteostimulatory compounds can improve the biofunctionality of those membranes, making them active players in bone regeneration. Simvastatin has been shown to promote osteogenic differentiation both in vitro and in vivo. However, in most of these systems, the drug was quickly released, not matching the pace of bone regeneration. The aim of this study was to develop poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) membranes containing simvastatin (SV) that have a prolonged drug release rate, compatible with GBR applications. To this end, SV was mixed with PLLA and electrospun. The membranes were subjected to a thermal treatment in order to increase the crystallinity of PLLA. Morphological, structural and chemical properties of the electrospun membranes were characterized. The effect of the thermal treatment on the release profile of SV was evaluated by near physiological release experiments at 37 °C. The osteostimulatory potential was determined by in vitro culture of the membranes with rat bone marrow stromal cells (rBMSCs). The results confirmed that the thermal treatment led to an increase in polymer crystallinity and a more sustained release of SV. In vitro assays demonstrate cellular proliferation over time for all the membranes and a significant increase in osteogenic differentiation for the membranes containing SV subjected to thermal treatment. Thermal treatment resulted in a sustained release of simvastatin and a positive response from rBMSCs.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dennis W. P. M. Löwik
- Bio-organic Chemistry
- Institute for Molecules and Materials
- Radboud University Nijmegen
- Nijmegen
- The Netherlands
| | - Mies J. van Steenbergen
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS)
- Utrecht University
- 3584 CG Utrecht
- The Netherlands
| | - John A. Jansen
- Department of Biomaterials
- Radboudumc
- Nijmegen
- The Netherlands
| | | | - Fang Yang
- Department of Biomaterials
- Radboudumc
- Nijmegen
- The Netherlands
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13
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Leite MLDAES, Soares DG, Basso FG, Hebling J, Costa CADS. Biostimulatory effects of simvastatin on MDPC-23 odontoblast-like cells. Braz Oral Res 2017; 31:e104. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2017.vol31.0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Josimeri Hebling
- Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” – Unesp, Brazil
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14
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Both T, van de Peppel HJ, Zillikens MC, Koedam M, van Leeuwen JPTM, van Hagen PM, van Daele PLA, van der Eerden BCJ. Hydroxychloroquine decreases human MSC-derived osteoblast differentiation and mineralization in vitro. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 22:873-882. [PMID: 28975700 PMCID: PMC5783866 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently showed that patients with primary Sjögren Syndrome (pSS) have significantly higher bone mineral density (BMD) compared to healthy controls. The majority of those patients (69%) was using hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), which may have favourable effects on BMD. To study the direct effects of HCQ on human MSC‐derived osteoblast activity. Osteoblasts were cultured from human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs). Cultures were treated with different HCQ doses (control, 1 and 5 µg/ml). Alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium measurements were performed to evaluate osteoblast differentiation and activity, respectively. Detailed microarray analysis was performed in 5 µg/ml HCQ‐treated cells and controls followed by qPCR validation. Additional cultures were performed using the cholesterol synthesis inhibitor simvastatin (SIM) to evaluate a potential mechanism of action. We showed that HCQ inhibits both MSC‐derived osteoblast differentiation and mineralization in vitro. Microarray analysis and additional PCR validation revealed a highly significant up‐regulation of the cholesterol biosynthesis, lysosomal and extracellular matrix pathways in the 5 µg/ml HCQ‐treated cells compared to controls. Besides, we demonstrated that 1 µM SIM also decreases MSC‐derived osteoblast differentiation and mineralization compared to controls. It appears that the positive effect of HCQ on BMD cannot be explained by a stimulating effect on the MSC‐derived osteoblast. The discrepancy between high BMD and decreased MSC‐derived osteoblast function due to HCQ treatment might be caused by systemic factors that stimulate bone formation and/or local factors that reduce bone resorption, which is lacking in cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Both
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H Jeroen van de Peppel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Carola Zillikens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marijke Koedam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes P T M van Leeuwen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Martin van Hagen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul L A van Daele
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bram C J van der Eerden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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15
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Sequetto PL, Gonçalves RV, Pinto AS, Oliveira MGA, Maldonado IRSC, Oliveira TT, Novaes RD. Low Doses of Simvastatin Potentiate the Effect of Sodium Alendronate in Inhibiting Bone Resorption and Restore Microstructural and Mechanical Bone Properties in Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2017; 23:989-1001. [PMID: 28743325 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927617012363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
By using an experimental model of dexamethasone-induced osteoporosis we investigated the effects of different therapeutic schemes combining sodium alendronate (SA) and simvastatin on bone mineral and protein composition, microstructural and mechanical remodeling. Wistar rats were randomized into eight groups: G1: non-osteoporotic; G2: osteoporotic; G3, G4, and G5: osteoporotic+SA (0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 mg/kg, respectively); G6, G7, and G8: osteoporotic+SA (0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 mg/kg, respectively)+simvastatin (0.4, 0.6, and 1 mg/kg, respectively). Osteoporosis was induced by dexamethasone (7 mg/kg, i.m.) once a week for 5 weeks. All treatments were administered for 8 weeks. Dexamethasone increased serum levels of alkaline phosphatase, calcium, phosphorus, and urea, especially in non-treated animals, which showed severe osteoporosis. Dexamethasone also induced bone microstructural fragility and reduced mechanical resistance, which were associated with a marked depletion in mineral mass, collagenous and non-collagenous protein levels in cortical and cancellous bone. Although SA has attenuated osteoporosis severity, the effectiveness of drug therapy was enhanced combining alendronate and simvastatin. The restoration in serum parameters, organic and inorganic bone mass, and mechanical behavior showed a dose-dependent effect that was potentially related to the complementary mechanisms by which each drug acts to induce bone anabolism, accelerating tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila L Sequetto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences - Health Area, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, 35020-220, MG, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-000, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Aloísio S Pinto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-000, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria G A Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-000, MG, Brazil
| | - Izabel R S C Maldonado
- Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-000, MG, Brazil
| | - Tânia T Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-000, MG, Brazil
| | - Rômulo D Novaes
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department Structural Biology, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, 37130-001, MG, Brazil
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16
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Zhou H, Xie Y, Baloch Z, Shi Q, Huo Q, Ma T. The effect of atorvastatin, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor (HMG-CoA), on the prevention of osteoporosis in ovariectomized rabbits. J Bone Miner Metab 2017; 35:245-254. [PMID: 27119523 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-016-0750-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a most frequent systemic skeletal disease characterized as low bone mineral density and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue, resulting in increased bone fragility and fracture risk. Although several drugs such as bisphosphonates, estrogen replacement treatment, and selective estrogen receptor modulators have been used to treat osteoporosis, all these are not the ideal drugs because of insufficient curative ability and adverse side effects. Recently, atorvastatin has ordinarily been prescribed as an anti-hyperlipidemia drug, not as an anti-osteoporosis drug. However, its clinical outcome and potential treatment mechanism are still unclear. In this study, the bilateral ovariectomy of rabbits was duplicated to develop osteoporosis animal model. The effect of atorvastatin on in vivo was determined, and the functional mechanism was studied in vitro after the curative effect was explored. Atorvastatin was observed to significantly increase the mechanical parameters such as maximum load, stiffness, and energy-absorbing capacity, and it improved the microarchitecture. The anti-osteoporosis activity of atorvastatin may be the result of the promotion of differentiation of osteoblasts by inducing synthesis of vascular endothelial growth factor, bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), core-binding factor alpha 1 (CBFα1), and inhibition of osteoclast formation through the osteoprotegerin (OPG)-receptor activator for the nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) system. Our study observations give reliable experimental evidence for clinical application of atorvastatin to treat the disorder of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhou
- Institution of National Drug Clinical Trial, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, No. 287 Changhuai Road, Bengbu, 233004, China
| | - Yunqiu Xie
- Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233004, China
| | - Zulqarnain Baloch
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Qingping Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233004, China
| | - Qiang Huo
- Department of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233004, China
| | - Tao Ma
- Institution of National Drug Clinical Trial, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, No. 287 Changhuai Road, Bengbu, 233004, China.
- Department of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233004, China.
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17
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Long T, Tang T, Hao Y, Zhu Z, Shao L, Liu M. Effect of simvastatin on osteogenesis of the lumbar vertebrae in ovariectomized rats. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:3951-3957. [PMID: 28105128 PMCID: PMC5228519 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the role of simvastatin on osteoporosis of the vertebrae by examining the effect of simvastatin on the osteogenesis of the lumbar vertebra in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. A total of 60 6-month-old female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into one sham group and five ovariectomized groups, consisting of four simvastatin groups and one control group. Four dosages of simvastatin (5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg/d) were administered by gavage for three months. L4 vertebrae were examined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) to determine the mineral apposition rate (MAR). L5 vertebrae were examined using a compression biomechanical test. Although the measurements from DEXA, pQCT and MAR, and the biomechanical parameters in the OVX + simvastatin rats were higher than those for the OVX + vehicle group, no significant differences were detected. Therefore, simvastatin may not improve osteogenesis of the lumbar vertebra in OVX rats or prevent osteoporosis of the spinal vertebrae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Long
- Orthopedic Implant Central Lab, Orthopedic Department, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Tang
- Orthopedic Implant Central Lab, Orthopedic Department, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Yongqiang Hao
- Orthopedic Implant Central Lab, Orthopedic Department, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Zhenan Zhu
- Orthopedic Implant Central Lab, Orthopedic Department, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Litian Shao
- School of Mathematics and Information Science, Shanghai Lixin University of Commerce, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
| | - Ming Liu
- Orthopedic Implant Central Lab, Orthopedic Department, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
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18
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Abstract
Osteoporosis, which is characterized by resorption of bone exceeding formation, remains a significant human health concern, and the impact of this condition will only increase with the "graying" of the worldwide population. This review focuses on current and emerging approaches for delivering therapeutic agents to restore bone remodeling homeostasis. Well-known antiresorptive and anabolic agents, such as estrogen, estrogen analogs, bisphosphonates, calcitonin, and parathyroid hormone, along with newer modulators and antibodies, are primarily administered orally, intravenously, or subcutaneously. Although these treatments can be effective, continuing problems include patient noncompliance and adverse systemic or remote-site effects. Controlled drug delivery via polymeric, targeted, and active release systems extends drug half-life by shielding against premature degradation and improves bioavailability while also providing prolonged, sustained, or intermittent release at therapeutic doses to more effectively treat osteoporosis and associated fracture risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Asafo-Adjei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, 522A Robotics and Manufacturing Building, Lexington, KY, 40506-0108, USA
| | - A J Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, 522A Robotics and Manufacturing Building, Lexington, KY, 40506-0108, USA
| | - A Najarzadeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, 522A Robotics and Manufacturing Building, Lexington, KY, 40506-0108, USA
| | - D A Puleo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, 522A Robotics and Manufacturing Building, Lexington, KY, 40506-0108, USA.
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