1
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Hausinger RP, Rifayee SBJS, Thomas MG, Chatterjee S, Hu J, Christov CZ. Biological formation of ethylene. RSC Chem Biol 2023; 4:635-646. [PMID: 37654506 PMCID: PMC10467617 DOI: 10.1039/d3cb00066d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the structures, biochemical properties, and mechanisms of two major biological sources of ethylene, the ethylene-forming enzyme (EFE) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) oxidase (ACCO). EFE is found in selected bacteria and fungi where it catalyzes two reactions: (1) the oxygen-dependent conversion of 2-oxoglutarate (2OG) to ethylene plus three molecules of CO2/bicarbonate and (2) the oxidative decarboxylation of 2OG while transforming l-arginine to guanidine and l-Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid. ACCO is present in plants where it makes the plant hormone by transforming ACC, O2, and an external reductant to ethylene, HCN, CO2, and water. Despite catalyzing distinct chemical reactions, EFE and ACCO are related in sequence and structure, and both enzymes require Fe(ii) for their activity. Advances in our understanding of EFE, derived from both experimental and computational approaches, have clarified how this enzyme catalyzes its dual reactions. Drawing on the published mechanistic studies of ACCO and noting the parallels between this enzyme and EFE, we propose a novel reaction mechanism for ACCO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Hausinger
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan 48824 USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan 48824 USA
| | | | - Midhun G Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University Houghton Michigan 49931 USA
| | - Shramana Chatterjee
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan 48824 USA
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan 48824 USA
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan 48824 USA
| | - Christo Z Christov
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University Houghton Michigan 49931 USA
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2
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Miller JR, Brunold TC. Spectroscopic analysis of the mammalian enzyme cysteine dioxygenase. Methods Enzymol 2023; 682:101-135. [PMID: 36948699 PMCID: PMC11230041 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
l-Cysteine (Cys) is an essential building block for the synthesis of new proteins and serves as a precursor for several biologically important sulfur-containing molecules, such as coenzyme A, taurine, glutathione, and inorganic sulfate. However, organisms must tightly regulate the concentration of free Cys, as elevated levels of this semi-essential amino acid can be extremely harmful. The non-heme iron enzyme cysteine dioxygenase (CDO) serves to maintain the proper levels of Cys by catalyzing its oxidation to cysteine sulfinic acid. Crystal structures of resting and substrate-bound mammalian CDO revealed two surprising structural motifs in the first and second coordination spheres of the Fe center. The first is the existence of a neutral three histidine (3-His) facial triad that coordinates the Fe ion, as opposed to an anionic 2-His-1-carboxylate facial triad that is typically observed in mononuclear non-heme Fe(II) dioxygenases. The second unusual structural feature exhibited by mammalian CDO is the presence of a covalent crosslink between the sulfur of a Cys residue and an ortho-carbon of a tyrosine residue. Spectroscopic studies of CDO have provided invaluable insights into the roles that these unusual features play with regards to substrate Cys and co-substrate O2 binding and activation. In this chapter, we summarize results obtained from electronic absorption, electron paramagnetic resonance, magnetic circular dichroism, resonance Raman, and Mössbauer spectroscopic studies of mammalian CDO carried out in the last two decades. Pertinent results obtained from complementary computational studies are also briefly summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Thomas C Brunold
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.
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3
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Santos IS, Ribeiro THC, de Oliveira KKP, dos Santos JO, Moreira RO, Lima RR, Lima AA, Chalfun-Junior A. Multigenic regulation in the ethylene biosynthesis pathway during coffee flowering. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 28:1657-1669. [PMID: 36387981 PMCID: PMC9636343 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-022-01235-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene regulates different aspects of the plant's life cycle, such as flowering, and acts as a defense signal in response to environmental stresses. Changes induced by water deficit (WD) in gene expression of the main enzymes involved in ethylene biosynthesis, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase (ACS) and oxidase (ACO), are frequently reported in plants. In this study, coffee (Coffea arabica) ACS and ACO family genes were characterized and their expression profiles were analyzed in leaves, roots, flower buds, and open flowers from plants under well-watered (WW) and water deficit (WD) conditions. Three new ACS genes were identified. Water deficit did not affect ACS expression in roots, however soil drying strongly downregulated ACO expression, indicating a transcriptional constraint in the biosynthesis pathway during the drought that can suppress ethylene production in roots. In floral buds, ACO expression is water-independent, suggesting a higher mechanism of control in reproductive organs during the final flowering stages. Leaves may be the main sites for ethylene precursor (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, ACC) production in the shoot under well-watered conditions, contributing to an increase in the ethylene levels required for anthesis. Given these results, we suggest a possible regulatory mechanism for the ethylene biosynthesis pathway associated with coffee flowering with gene regulation in leaves being a key point in ethylene production and ACO genes play a major regulatory role in roots and the shoots. This mechanism may constitute a regulatory model for flowering in other woody species. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-022-01235-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iasminy Silva Santos
- Plant Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Biology Department, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), s/n, Cx., Postal 3037, Lavras, Minas Gerais 37200-900 Brazil
| | - Thales Henrique Cherubino Ribeiro
- Plant Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Biology Department, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), s/n, Cx., Postal 3037, Lavras, Minas Gerais 37200-900 Brazil
| | - Kellen Kauanne Pimenta de Oliveira
- Plant Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Biology Department, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), s/n, Cx., Postal 3037, Lavras, Minas Gerais 37200-900 Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Oliveira dos Santos
- Minas Gerais Agricultural Research Company, EPAMIG, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), s/n, Cx., Postal 3037, Lavras, Minas Gerais 37200-900 Brazil
| | - Rafael Oliveira Moreira
- Plant Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Biology Department, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), s/n, Cx., Postal 3037, Lavras, Minas Gerais 37200-900 Brazil
| | - Renato Ribeiro Lima
- Statistics Department, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), s/n, Cx., Postal 3037, Lavras, Minas Gerais 37200-900 Brazil
| | - André Almeida Lima
- Plant Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Biology Department, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), s/n, Cx., Postal 3037, Lavras, Minas Gerais 37200-900 Brazil
| | - Antonio Chalfun-Junior
- Plant Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Biology Department, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), s/n, Cx., Postal 3037, Lavras, Minas Gerais 37200-900 Brazil
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4
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Fournier E, Tachon S, Fowler NJ, Gerbaud G, Mansuelle P, Dorlet P, de Visser SP, Belle V, Simaan AJ, Martinho M. The Hunt for the Closed Conformation of the Fruit-Ripening Enzyme 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic Oxidase: A Combined Electron Paramagnetic Resonance and Molecular Dynamics Study. Chemistry 2019; 25:13766-13776. [PMID: 31424584 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic oxidase (ACCO) is a non-heme iron(II)-containing enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of the phytohormone ethylene, which regulates fruit ripening and flowering in plants. The active conformation of ACCO, and in particular that of the C-terminal part, remains unclear and open and closed conformations have been proposed. In this work, a combined experimental and computational study to understand the conformation and dynamics of the C-terminal part is reported. Site-directed spin-labeling coupled to electron paramagnetic resonance (SDSL-EPR) spectroscopy was used. Mutagenesis experiments were performed to generate active enzymes bearing two paramagnetic labels (nitroxide radicals) anchored on cysteine residues, one in the main core and one in the C-terminal part. Inter-spin distance distributions were measured by pulsed EPR spectroscopy and compared with the results of molecular dynamics simulations. The results reveal the existence of a flexibility of the C-terminal part. This flexibility generates several conformations of the C-terminal part of ACCO that correspond neither to the existing crystal structures nor to the modelled structures. This highly dynamic region of ACCO raises questions on its exact function during enzymatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugénie Fournier
- Aix Marseille Univ, Centrale Marseille, CNRS, iSm2, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, BIP, Marseille, France
| | - Sybille Tachon
- Aix Marseille Univ, Centrale Marseille, CNRS, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Nicholas J Fowler
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and Department of, Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | | | - Pascal Mansuelle
- CNRS, FR3479 Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Plateforme Protéomique, Marseille Protéomique (MaP), IBiSA labeled, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | | | - Sam P de Visser
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and Department of, Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | | | - A Jalila Simaan
- Aix Marseille Univ, Centrale Marseille, CNRS, iSm2, Marseille, France
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5
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Ghattas W, Dubosclard V, Tachon S, Beaumet M, Guillot R, Réglier M, Simaan AJ, Mahy J. Cu
II
‐Containing 1‐Aminocyclopropane Carboxylic Acid Oxidase Is an Efficient Stereospecific Diels–Alderase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:14605-14609. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201909407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wadih Ghattas
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), UMR 8182 CNRS – Univ Paris Sud Université Paris-Saclay Orsay 91405 Cedex France
| | - Virginie Dubosclard
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), UMR 8182 CNRS – Univ Paris Sud Université Paris-Saclay Orsay 91405 Cedex France
| | - Sybille Tachon
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille (iSm2), UMR 7313 CNRS – Aix Marseille Univ Centrale Marseille Marseille 13013 Cedex France
| | - Morane Beaumet
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), UMR 8182 CNRS – Univ Paris Sud Université Paris-Saclay Orsay 91405 Cedex France
| | - Régis Guillot
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), UMR 8182 CNRS – Univ Paris Sud Université Paris-Saclay Orsay 91405 Cedex France
| | - Marius Réglier
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille (iSm2), UMR 7313 CNRS – Aix Marseille Univ Centrale Marseille Marseille 13013 Cedex France
| | - A. Jalila Simaan
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille (iSm2), UMR 7313 CNRS – Aix Marseille Univ Centrale Marseille Marseille 13013 Cedex France
| | - Jean‐Pierre Mahy
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), UMR 8182 CNRS – Univ Paris Sud Université Paris-Saclay Orsay 91405 Cedex France
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6
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Ghattas W, Dubosclard V, Tachon S, Beaumet M, Guillot R, Réglier M, Simaan AJ, Mahy J. Cu
II
‐Containing 1‐Aminocyclopropane Carboxylic Acid Oxidase Is an Efficient Stereospecific Diels–Alderase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201909407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wadih Ghattas
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), UMR 8182 CNRS – Univ Paris Sud Université Paris-Saclay Orsay 91405 Cedex France
| | - Virginie Dubosclard
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), UMR 8182 CNRS – Univ Paris Sud Université Paris-Saclay Orsay 91405 Cedex France
| | - Sybille Tachon
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille (iSm2), UMR 7313 CNRS – Aix Marseille Univ Centrale Marseille Marseille 13013 Cedex France
| | - Morane Beaumet
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), UMR 8182 CNRS – Univ Paris Sud Université Paris-Saclay Orsay 91405 Cedex France
| | - Régis Guillot
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), UMR 8182 CNRS – Univ Paris Sud Université Paris-Saclay Orsay 91405 Cedex France
| | - Marius Réglier
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille (iSm2), UMR 7313 CNRS – Aix Marseille Univ Centrale Marseille Marseille 13013 Cedex France
| | - A. Jalila Simaan
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille (iSm2), UMR 7313 CNRS – Aix Marseille Univ Centrale Marseille Marseille 13013 Cedex France
| | - Jean‐Pierre Mahy
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), UMR 8182 CNRS – Univ Paris Sud Université Paris-Saclay Orsay 91405 Cedex France
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7
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Hagel JM, Facchini PJ. Expanding the roles for 2-oxoglutarate-dependent oxygenases in plant metabolism. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 35:721-734. [PMID: 29488530 DOI: 10.1039/c7np00060j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to 2018 2-Oxoglutarate-dependent oxygenases (2ODOs) comprise a large enzyme superfamily in plant genomes, second in size only to the cytochromes P450 monooxygenase (CYP) superfamily. 2ODOs participate in both primary and specialized plant pathways, and their occurrence across all life kingdoms points to an ancient origin. Phylogenetic evidence supports substantial expansion and diversification of 2ODOs following the split from the common ancestor of land plants. More conserved roles for these enzymes include oxidation within hormone metabolism, such as the recently described capacity of Dioxygenase for Auxin Oxidation (DAO) for governing auxin homeostasis. Conserved structural features among 2ODOs has provided a basis for continued investigation into their mechanisms, and recent structural work is expected to illuminate intriguing reactions such as that of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase (ACCO). Phylogenetic radiation among this superfamily combined with neo- and subfunctionalization has enabled recruitment to highly specialized pathways, including those yielding medicines, flavours, dyes, poisons, and compounds important for plant-environment interactions. Catalytic versatility of 2ODOs in plants and across broader taxa continues to inspire biochemists tasked with the discovery of new enzymes. This highlight article summarizes recent reports up to 2018 of 2ODOs within plant metabolism. Furthermore, the respective contributions of 2ODOs and other oxidases to natural product biosynthesis are discussed as a framework for continued discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Hagel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - P J Facchini
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
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8
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Rahaman R, Munshi S, Paine TK. Bio-inspired Oxidation of 1-Aminocarboxylic Acids by a Nonheme Iron(II) Complex: Mimicking the Activity of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic Acid Oxidase. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201800121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rubina Rahaman
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; 2A&2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road 700032 Jadavpur, Kolkata India
| | - Sandip Munshi
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; 2A&2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road 700032 Jadavpur, Kolkata India
| | - Tapan Kanti Paine
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; 2A&2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road 700032 Jadavpur, Kolkata India
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9
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Wang C, Chen H. Convergent Theoretical Prediction of Reactive Oxidant Structures in Diiron Arylamine Oxygenases AurF and CmlI: Peroxo or Hydroperoxo? J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:13038-13046. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b06343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory
of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in
Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hui Chen
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory
of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in
Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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10
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Sun X, Li Y, He W, Ji C, Xia P, Wang Y, Du S, Li H, Raikhel N, Xiao J, Guo H. Pyrazinamide and derivatives block ethylene biosynthesis by inhibiting ACC oxidase. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15758. [PMID: 28604689 PMCID: PMC5472784 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethylene is an important phytohormone that promotes the ripening of fruits and senescence of flowers thereby reducing their shelf lives. Specific ethylene biosynthesis inhibitors would help to decrease postharvest loss. Here, we identify pyrazinamide (PZA), a clinical drug used to treat tuberculosis, as an inhibitor of ethylene biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana, using a chemical genetics approach. PZA is converted to pyrazinecarboxylic acid (POA) in plant cells, suppressing the activity of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase (ACO), the enzyme catalysing the final step of ethylene formation. The crystal structures of Arabidopsis ACO2 in complex with POA or 2-Picolinic Acid (2-PA), a POA-related compound, reveal that POA/2-PA bind at the active site of ACO, preventing the enzyme from interacting with its natural substrates. Our work suggests that PZA and its derivatives may be promising regulators of plant metabolism, in particular ethylene biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangzhong Sun
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China.,Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yaxin Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wenrong He
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,Center for Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92507, USA
| | - Chenggong Ji
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Peixue Xia
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yichuan Wang
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Shuo Du
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hongjiang Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,Center for Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92507, USA
| | - Natasha Raikhel
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92507, USA
| | - Junyu Xiao
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hongwei Guo
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China.,Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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11
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El Bakkali-Tahéri N, Tachon S, Orio M, Bertaina S, Martinho M, Robert V, Réglier M, Tron T, Dorlet P, Simaan AJ. Characterization of Cu(II)-reconstituted ACC Oxidase using experimental and theoretical approaches. Arch Biochem Biophys 2017; 623-624:31-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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12
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Structural and stereoelectronic insights into oxygenase-catalyzed formation of ethylene from 2-oxoglutarate. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:4667-4672. [PMID: 28420789 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1617760114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethylene is important in industry and biological signaling. In plants, ethylene is produced by oxidation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, as catalyzed by 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase. Bacteria catalyze ethylene production, but via the four-electron oxidation of 2-oxoglutarate to give ethylene in an arginine-dependent reaction. Crystallographic and biochemical studies on the Pseudomonas syringae ethylene-forming enzyme reveal a branched mechanism. In one branch, an apparently typical 2-oxoglutarate oxygenase reaction to give succinate, carbon dioxide, and sometimes pyrroline-5-carboxylate occurs. Alternatively, Grob-type oxidative fragmentation of a 2-oxoglutarate-derived intermediate occurs to give ethylene and carbon dioxide. Crystallographic and quantum chemical studies reveal that fragmentation to give ethylene is promoted by binding of l-arginine in a nonoxidized conformation and of 2-oxoglutarate in an unprecedented high-energy conformation that favors ethylene, relative to succinate formation.
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13
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Kal S, Que L. Dioxygen activation by nonheme iron enzymes with the 2-His-1-carboxylate facial triad that generate high-valent oxoiron oxidants. J Biol Inorg Chem 2017; 22:339-365. [PMID: 28074299 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-016-1431-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The 2-His-1-carboxylate facial triad is a widely used scaffold to bind the iron center in mononuclear nonheme iron enzymes for activating dioxygen in a variety of oxidative transformations of metabolic significance. Since the 1990s, over a hundred different iron enzymes have been identified to use this platform. This structural motif consists of two histidines and the side chain carboxylate of an aspartate or a glutamate arranged in a facial array that binds iron(II) at the active site. This triad occupies one face of an iron-centered octahedron and makes the opposite face available for the coordination of O2 and, in many cases, substrate, allowing the tailoring of the iron-dioxygen chemistry to carry out a plethora of diverse reactions. Activated dioxygen-derived species involved in the enzyme mechanisms include iron(III)-superoxo, iron(III)-peroxo, and high-valent iron(IV)-oxo intermediates. In this article, we highlight the major crystallographic, spectroscopic, and mechanistic advances of the past 20 years that have significantly enhanced our understanding of the mechanisms of O2 activation and the key roles played by iron-based oxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhasree Kal
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Metals in Biocatalysis, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Lawrence Que
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Metals in Biocatalysis, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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14
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Chen H, Sun J, Li S, Cui Q, Zhang H, Xin F, Wang H, Lin T, Gao D, Wang S, Li X, Wang D, Zhang Z, Xu Z, Huang S. An ACC Oxidase Gene Essential for Cucumber Carpel Development. MOLECULAR PLANT 2016; 9:1315-1327. [PMID: 27403533 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2016.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Sex determination in plants gives rise to unisexual flowers that facilitate outcrossing and enhance genetic diversity. In cucumber and melon, ethylene promotes carpel development and arrests stamen development. Five sex-determination genes have been identified, including four encoding 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase that catalyzes the rate-limiting step in ethylene biosynthesis, and a transcription factor gene CmWIP1 that corresponds to the Mendelian locus gynoecious in melon and is a negative regulator of femaleness. ACC oxidase (ACO) converts ACC into ethylene; however, it remains elusive which ACO gene in the cucumber genome is critical for sex determination and how CmWIP1 represses development of female flowers. In this study, we discovered that mutation in an ACO gene, CsACO2, confers androecy in cucumber that bears only male flowers. The mutation disrupts the enzymatic activity of CsACO2, resulting in 50% less ethylene emission from shoot tips. CsACO2 was expressed in the carpel primordia and its expression overlapped with that of CsACS11 in female flowers at key stages for sex determination, presumably providing sufficient ethylene required for proper CsACS2 expression. CmACO3, the ortholog of CsACO2, showed a similar expression pattern in the carpel region, suggesting a conserved function of CsACO2/CmACO3. We demonstrated that CsWIP1, the ortholog of CmWIP1, could directly bind the promoter of CsACO2 and repress its expression. Taken together, we propose a presumably conserved regulatory module consisting of WIP1 transcription factor and ACO controls unisexual flower development in cucumber and melon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiming Chen
- Hunan Vegetable Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Jinjing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Sino-Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Genomics, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Sino-Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Genomics, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qingzhi Cui
- Hunan Vegetable Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Sino-Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Genomics, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Agricultural Genomic Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Fengjiao Xin
- Institute of Agricultural Product Processing, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huaisong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Sino-Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Genomics, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Sino-Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Genomics, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Agricultural Genomic Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Dongli Gao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Sino-Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Genomics, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Agricultural Genomic Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Shenhao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Sino-Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Genomics, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xia Li
- College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Donghui Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhonghua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Sino-Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Genomics, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhihong Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Sanwen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Sino-Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Genomics, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Agricultural Genomic Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China.
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15
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Kundu S. Stochastic modelling suggests that an elevated superoxide anion - hydrogen peroxide ratio can drive extravascular phagocyte transmigration by lamellipodium formation. J Theor Biol 2016; 407:143-154. [PMID: 27380944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Chemotaxis, integrates diverse intra- and inter-cellular molecular processes into a purposeful patho-physiological response; the operatic rules of which, remain speculative. Here, I surmise, that superoxide anion induced directional motility, in a responding cell, results from a quasi pathway between the stimulus, surrounding interstitium, and its biochemical repertoire. The epochal event in the mounting of an inflammatory response, is the extravascular transmigration of a phagocyte competent cell towards the site of injury, secondary to the development of a lamellipodium. This stochastic-to-markovian process conversion, is initiated by the cytosolic-ROS of the damaged cell, but is maintained by the inverse association of a de novo generated pool of self-sustaining superoxide anions and sub-critical hydrogen peroxide levels. Whilst, the exponential rise of O2(.-) is secondary to the focal accumulation of higher order lipid raft-Rac1/2-actin oligomers; O2(.-) mediated inactivation and redistribution of ECSOD, accounts for the minimal concentration of H2O2 that the phagocyte experiences. The net result of this reciprocal association between ROS/ RNS members, is the prolonged perturbation and remodeling of the cytoskeleton and plasma membrane, a prelude to chemotactic migration. The manuscript also describes the significance of stochastic modeling, in the testing of plausible molecular hypotheses of observable phenomena in complex biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha Kundu
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Baba Saheb Ambedkar Medical College & Hospital, Government of NCT Delhi, Sector - 6, Rohini, Delhi 110085, India; Mathematical and Computational Biology, Information Technology Research Academy (ITRA), Media Lab Asia, 2nd Floor, Block 2, C-DOT Campus, Mehrauli, New Delhi 110030, India; School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Mehrauli Road, New Delhi 110067, India.
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16
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George DS, Razali Z, Santhirasegaram V, Somasundram C. Effect of postharvest ultraviolet-C treatment on the proteome changes in fresh cut mango (Mangifera indica L. cv. Chokanan). JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:2851-2860. [PMID: 26350493 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postharvest treatments of fruits using techniques such as ultraviolet-C have been linked with maintenance of the fruit quality as well as shelf-life extension. However, the effects of this treatment on the quality of fruits on a proteomic level remain unclear. This study was conducted in order to understand the response of mango fruit to postharvest UV-C irradiation. RESULTS Approximately 380 reproducible spots were detected following two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Through gel analysis, 24 spots were observed to be differentially expressed in UV-C treated fruits and 20 were successfully identified via LCMS/MS. Postharvest UV-C treatment resulted in degradative effects on these identified proteins of which 40% were related to stress response, 45% to energy and metabolism and 15% to ripening and senescence. In addition, quality and shelf-life analysis of control and irradiated mangoes was evaluated. UV-C was found to be successful in retention of quality and extension of shelf-life up to 15 days. Furthermore, UV-C was also successful in increasing antioxidants (total flavonoid, reducing power and ABTS scavenging activity) in mangoes. CONCLUSION This study provides an overview of the effects of UV-C treatment on the quality of mango on a proteomic level as well as the potential of this treatment in shelf-life extension of fresh-cut fruits. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Soloman George
- Institute of Biological Sciences & Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zuliana Razali
- Institute of Biological Sciences & Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vicknesha Santhirasegaram
- Institute of Biological Sciences & Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chandran Somasundram
- Institute of Biological Sciences & Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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17
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Ligand-dependent oxidation of copper bound α-amino-isobutyric acid as 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase mimics. Polyhedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2015.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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18
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Sallmann M, Oldenburg F, Braun B, Réglier M, Simaan AJ, Limberg C. Ein funktionelles Strukturmodell für die 1-Aminocyclopropan- 1-carbonsäure-Oxidase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201502529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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19
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Sallmann M, Oldenburg F, Braun B, Réglier M, Simaan AJ, Limberg C. A structural and functional model for the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:12325-8. [PMID: 26190407 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201502529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The hitherto most realistic low-molecular-weight analogue for the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase (ACCO) is reported. The ACCOs 2-His-1-carboxylate iron(II) active site was mimicked by a TpFe moiety, to which the natural substrate ACC could be bound. The resulting complex [Tp(Me,Ph) FeACC] (1), according to X-ray diffraction analysis performed for the nickel analogue, represents an excellent structural model, featuring ACC coordinated in a bidentate fashion-as proposed for the enzymatic substrate complex-as well as a vacant coordination site that forms the basis for the first successful replication also of the ACCO function: 1 is the first known ACC complex that reacts with O2 to produce ethylene. As a FeOOH species had been suggested as intermediate in the catalytic cycle, H2 O2 was tested as the oxidant, too, and indeed evolution of ethylene proceeded even more rapidly to give 65 % yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madleen Sallmann
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin (Germany) http://www.chemie.hu-berlin.de/aglimberg
| | - Fabio Oldenburg
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin (Germany) http://www.chemie.hu-berlin.de/aglimberg
| | - Beatrice Braun
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin (Germany) http://www.chemie.hu-berlin.de/aglimberg
| | - Marius Réglier
- Aix Marseille Université, Centrale Marseille, CNRS, iSm2 UMR 7313, 13397, Marseille, (France) http://ism2.univ-amu.fr/pages-bleues/index2.htm
| | - A Jalila Simaan
- Aix Marseille Université, Centrale Marseille, CNRS, iSm2 UMR 7313, 13397, Marseille, (France) http://ism2.univ-amu.fr/pages-bleues/index2.htm.
| | - Christian Limberg
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin (Germany) http://www.chemie.hu-berlin.de/aglimberg.
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20
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Kundu S. Co-operative intermolecular kinetics of 2-oxoglutarate dependent dioxygenases may be essential for system-level regulation of plant cell physiology. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:489. [PMID: 26236316 PMCID: PMC4502536 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Can the stimulus-driven synergistic association of 2-oxoglutarate dependent dioxygenases be influenced by the kinetic parameters of binding and catalysis?In this manuscript, I posit that these indices are necessary and specific for a particular stimulus, and are key determinants of a dynamic clustering that may function to mitigate the effects of this trigger. The protein(s)/sequence(s) that comprise this group are representative of all major kingdoms of life, and catalyze a generic hydroxylation, which is, in most cases accompanied by a specialized conversion of the substrate molecule. Iron is an essential co-factor for this transformation and the response to waning levels is systemic, and mandates the simultaneous participation of molecular sensors, transporters, and signal transducers. Here, I present a proof-of-concept model, that an evolving molecular network of 2OG-dependent enzymes can maintain iron homeostasis in the cytosol of root hair cells of members of the family Gramineae by actuating a non-reductive compensatory chelation by the phytosiderophores. Regression models of empirically available kinetic data (iron and alpha-ketoglutarate) were formulated, analyzed, and compared. The results, when viewed in context of the superfamily responding as a unit, suggest that members can indeed, work together to accomplish system-level function. This is achieved by the establishment of transient metabolic conduits, wherein the flux is dictated by kinetic compatibility of the participating enzymes. The approach adopted, i.e., predictive mathematical modeling, is integral to the hypothesis-driven acquisition of experimental data points and, in association with suitable visualization aids may be utilized for exploring complex plant biochemical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha Kundu
- *Correspondence: Siddhartha Kundu, School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Mehrauli Road, New Delhi 110067, India ;
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21
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Kundu S. Unity in diversity, a systems approach to regulating plant cell physiology by 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:98. [PMID: 25814993 PMCID: PMC4356072 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Could a disjoint group of enzymes synchronize their activities and execute a complex multi-step, measurable, and reproducible response? Here, I surmise that the alpha-ketoglutarate dependent superfamily of non-haem iron (II) dioxygenases could influence cell physiology as a cohesive unit, and that the broad spectra of substrates transformed is an absolute necessity to this portrayal. This eclectic group comprises members from all major taxa, and participates in pesticide breakdown, hypoxia signaling, and osmotic stress neutralization. The oxidative decarboxylation of 2-oxoglutarate to succinate is coupled with a concomitant substrate hydroxylation and, in most cases, is followed by an additional specialized conversion. The domain profile of a protein sequence was used as an index of miscellaneous reaction chemistry and interpreted alongside existent kinetic data in a linear model of integrated function. Statistical parameters were inferred by the creation of a novel, empirically motivated flat-file database of over 3800 sequences (DB2OG) with putative 2-oxoglutarate dependent activity. The collated information was categorized on the basis of existing annotation schema. The data suggests that 2OG-dependent enzymes incorporate several desirable features of a systems level player. DB2OG, is free, accessible without a login to all users, and available at the following URL (http://comp-biol.theacms.in/DB2OG.html).
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha Kundu
- *Correspondence: Siddhartha Kundu, School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Mehrauli Road, New Delhi, Delhi 110067, India e-mail: ;
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22
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Gasteazoro F, Simaan AJ, Tinoco-Valencia R, Valderrama B. Validation of a general method for activity estimation of cyanide evolving oxidoreductases. Anal Biochem 2015; 471:44-50. [PMID: 25447496 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2014.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Ethylene is a key molecule in organic synthesis currently produced by steam cracking of fossil hydrocarbons. In nature, ethylene is produced in higher plants by 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase (ACCO). Biocatalytic alternatives for ethylene production are still far from being competitive with traditional production plants. Furthermore, data dispersion shown in the literature adds uncertainty to the introduction of ACCO as a biocatalyst, especially when larger numbers of isoforms or mutants are to be compared. Here we propose a new method for measuring ACCO activity based on cyanide detection. Data provided here indicate that cyanide detection is more precise, more responsive, and much more stable than any other method tested for ACCO activity estimation so far. Briefly, enzymatically produced cyanide can be detected by its derivatization with naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxyaldehide (NDA) to generate 1-cyanobenz[f]isoindole (CBI), which is further detected by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with a fluorescence detector. Cyanide can be detected in the range between 0.99 and 60.17pmol, which is three orders of magnitude more sensitive than the currently used ethylene estimation method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Gasteazoro
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
| | - Ariane Jalila Simaan
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille, Aix Marseille Université, Centrale Marseille, CNRS, iSm2, UMR 7313, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Raunel Tinoco-Valencia
- Unidad de Escalamiento y Planta Piloto, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
| | - Brenda Valderrama
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico.
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23
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Lakk-Bogáth D, Speier G, Surducan M, Silaghi-Dumitrescu R, Jalila Simaan A, Faure B, Kaizer J. Comparison of heme and nonheme iron-based 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase mimics: kinetic, mechanistic and computational studies. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra08762c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinetic, mechanistic and computational studies of the H2O2oxidation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid to ethylene by heme- and nonheme-type iron complexes are described as biomimics of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dóra Lakk-Bogáth
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pannonia
- H-8200 Veszprém
- Hungary
| | - Gábor Speier
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pannonia
- H-8200 Veszprém
- Hungary
| | - Mihai Surducan
- Department of Chemistry
- Babes-Bolyai University
- RO-400024 Cluj-Napoca
- Romania
| | | | - A. Jalila Simaan
- Aix-Marseille Université
- CNRS
- Central Marseille
- iSm2 UMR 7313
- Marseille
| | - Bruno Faure
- Aix-Marseille Université
- CNRS
- Central Marseille
- iSm2 UMR 7313
- Marseille
| | - József Kaizer
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pannonia
- H-8200 Veszprém
- Hungary
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24
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Roux Y, Ghattas W, Avenier F, Guillot R, Simaan AJ, Mahy JP. Synthesis and characterization of [Fe(BPMEN)ACC]SbF6: a structural and functional mimic of ACC-oxidase. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:5966-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt00347d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Miming plants: an original synthesis led to the preparation of the first model of the active site of the ethylene-forming enzyme ACC-oxidase. The prepared complex is a structural and a functional model as it reacts with hydrogen peroxide to produce the phytohormone ethylene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Roux
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay
- Université Paris Sud
- Orsay 91405 CEDEX
- France
| | - W. Ghattas
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay
- Université Paris Sud
- Orsay 91405 CEDEX
- France
| | - F. Avenier
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay
- Université Paris Sud
- Orsay 91405 CEDEX
- France
| | - R. Guillot
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay
- Université Paris Sud
- Orsay 91405 CEDEX
- France
| | - A. J. Simaan
- Aix Marseille Université
- Centrale Marseille
- 13397, Marseille
- France
| | - J.-P. Mahy
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay
- Université Paris Sud
- Orsay 91405 CEDEX
- France
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25
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Microbial biosynthesis of medium-chain 1-alkenes by a nonheme iron oxidase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:18237-42. [PMID: 25489112 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1419701112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aliphatic medium-chain 1-alkenes (MCAEs, ∼10 carbons) are "drop-in" compatible next-generation fuels and precursors to commodity chemicals. Mass production of MCAEs from renewable resources holds promise for mitigating dependence on fossil hydrocarbons. An MCAE, such as 1-undecene, is naturally produced by Pseudomonas as a semivolatile metabolite through an unknown biosynthetic pathway. We describe here the discovery of a single gene conserved in Pseudomonas responsible for 1-undecene biosynthesis. The encoded enzyme is able to convert medium-chain fatty acids (C10-C14) into their corresponding terminal olefins using an oxygen-activating, nonheme iron-dependent mechanism. Both biochemical and X-ray crystal structural analyses suggest an unusual mechanism of β-hydrogen abstraction during fatty acid substrate activation. Our discovery unveils previously unidentified chemistry in the nonheme Fe(II) enzyme family, provides an opportunity to explore the biology of 1-undecene in Pseudomonas, and paves the way for tailored bioconversion of renewable raw materials to MCAE-based biofuels and chemical commodities.
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26
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Pap JS, El Bakkali-Tahéri N, Fadel A, Góger S, Bogáth D, Molnár M, Giorgi M, Speier G, Simaan AJ, Kaizer J. Oxidative Degradation of Amino Acids and Aminophosphonic Acids by 2,2′-Bipyridine Complexes of Copper(II). Eur J Inorg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201400133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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27
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Luo Z, Li D, Xie J, Feng S, Wang Y. Effects of Heat Treatment on Quality and Browning of Fresh-Cut Sugarcane. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.12278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zisheng Luo
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
- Fuli Institute of Food Science; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
| | - Dongdong Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
| | - Jianwei Xie
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
| | - Simin Feng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
| | - Yansheng Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
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28
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Van de Poel B, Bulens I, Hertog MLATM, Nicolai BM, Geeraerd AH. A transcriptomics-based kinetic model for ethylene biosynthesis in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit: development, validation and exploration of novel regulatory mechanisms. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 202:952-963. [PMID: 24443955 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The gaseous plant hormone ethylene is involved in many physiological processes including climacteric fruit ripening, in which it is a key determinant of fruit quality. A detailed model that describes ethylene biochemistry dynamics is missing. Often, kinetic modeling is used to describe metabolic networks or signaling cascades, mostly ignoring the link with transcriptomic data. We have constructed an elegant kinetic model that describes the transfer of genetic information into abundance and metabolic activity of proteins for the entire ethylene biosynthesis pathway during fruit development and ripening of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Our model was calibrated against a vast amount of transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolic data and showed good descriptive qualities. Subsequently it was validated successfully against several ripening mutants previously described in the literature. The model was used as a predictive tool to evaluate novel and existing hypotheses regarding the regulation of ethylene biosynthesis. This bottom-up kinetic network model was used to indicate that a side-branch of the ethylene pathway, the formation of the dead-end product 1-(malonylamino)-1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (MACC), might have a strong effect on eventual ethylene production. Furthermore, our in silico analyses indicated potential (post-) translational regulation of the ethylene-forming enzyme ACC oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram Van de Poel
- Division of MeBioS, Department of Biosystems (BIOSYST), KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, bus 2428, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Inge Bulens
- Division of MeBioS, Department of Biosystems (BIOSYST), KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, bus 2428, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maarten L A T M Hertog
- Division of MeBioS, Department of Biosystems (BIOSYST), KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, bus 2428, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart M Nicolai
- Division of MeBioS, Department of Biosystems (BIOSYST), KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, bus 2428, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
- Flanders Centre of Postharvest Technology (VCBT), Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annemie H Geeraerd
- Division of MeBioS, Department of Biosystems (BIOSYST), KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, bus 2428, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Lipscomb
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics and Center for Metals in Biocatalysis, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
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Blomberg MRA, Borowski T, Himo F, Liao RZ, Siegbahn PEM. Quantum chemical studies of mechanisms for metalloenzymes. Chem Rev 2014; 114:3601-58. [PMID: 24410477 DOI: 10.1021/cr400388t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 436] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Margareta R A Blomberg
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University , SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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31
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Meng D, Shen L, Yang R, Zhang X, Sheng J. Identification and active site analysis of the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase catalysing the synthesis of ethylene in Agaricus bisporus. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:120-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Van de Poel B, Van Der Straeten D. 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) in plants: more than just the precursor of ethylene! FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:640. [PMID: 25426135 PMCID: PMC4227472 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene is a simple two carbon atom molecule with profound effects on plants. There are quite a few review papers covering all aspects of ethylene biology in plants, including its biosynthesis, signaling and physiology. This is merely a logical consequence of the fascinating and pleiotropic nature of this gaseous plant hormone. Its biochemical precursor, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) is also a fairly simple molecule, but perhaps its role in plant biology is seriously underestimated. This triangularly shaped amino acid has many more features than just being the precursor of the lead-role player ethylene. For example, ACC can be conjugated to three different derivatives, but their biological role remains vague. ACC can also be metabolized by bacteria using ACC-deaminase, favoring plant growth and lowering stress susceptibility. ACC is also subjected to a sophisticated transport mechanism to ensure local and long-distance ethylene responses. Last but not least, there are now a few exciting studies where ACC has been reported to function as a signal itself, independently from ethylene. This review puts ACC in the spotlight, not to give it the lead-role, but to create a picture of the stunning co-production of the hormone and its precursor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram Van de Poel
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College ParkMD, USA
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Physiology, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
| | - Dominique Van Der Straeten
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Physiology, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Dominique Van Der Straeten, Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Physiology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium e-mail:
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Light KM, Hangasky JA, Knapp MJ, Solomon EI. Spectroscopic studies of the mononuclear non-heme Fe(II) enzyme FIH: second-sphere contributions to reactivity. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:9665-74. [PMID: 23742069 PMCID: PMC3712650 DOI: 10.1021/ja312571m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Factor inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor (FIH) is an α-ketoglutarate (αKG)-dependent enzyme which catalyzes hydroxylation of residue Asn803 in the C-terminal transactivation domain (CAD) of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and plays an important role in cellular oxygen sensing and hypoxic response. Circular dichroism (CD), magnetic circular dichroism (MCD), and variable-temperature, variable-field (VTVH) MCD spectroscopies are used to determine the geometric and electronic structures of FIH in its (Fe(II)), (Fe(II)/αKG), and (Fe(II)/αKG/CAD) forms. (Fe(II))FIH and (Fe(II)/αKG)FIH are found to be six-coordinate (6C), whereas (Fe(II)/αKG/CAD)FIH is found to be a 5C/6C mixture. Thus, FIH follows the general mechanistic strategy of non-heme Fe(II) enzymes. Modeling shows that, when Arg238 of FIH is removed, the facial triad carboxylate binds to Fe(II) in a bidentate mode with concomitant lengthening of the Fe(II)/αKG carbonyl bond, which would inhibit the O2 reaction. Correlations over α-keto acid-dependent enzymes and with the extradiol dioxygenases show that members of these families (where both the electron source and O2 bind to Fe(II)) have a second-sphere residue H-bonding to the terminal oxygen of the carboxylate, which stays monodentate. Alternatively, structures of the pterin-dependent and Rieske dioxygenases, which do not have substrate binding to Fe(II), lack H-bonds to the carboxylate and thus allow its bidentate coordination which would direct O2 reactivity. Finally, vis-UV MCD spectra show an unusually high-energy Fe(II) → αKG π* metal-to-ligand charge transfer transition in (Fe(II)/αKG)FIH which is red-shifted upon CAD binding. This red shift indicates formation of H-bonds to the αKG that lower the energy of its carbonyl LUMO, activating it for nucleophilic attack by the Fe-O2 intermediate formed along the reaction coordinate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth M. Light
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - John A. Hangasky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Michael J. Knapp
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
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Dilley DR, Wang Z, Kadirjan-Kalbach DK, Ververidis F, Beaudry R, Padmanabhan K. 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase reaction mechanism and putative post-translational activities of the ACCO protein. AOB PLANTS 2013; 5:plt031. [PMID: 24244837 PMCID: PMC3828642 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plt031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) oxidase (ACCO) catalyses the final step in ethylene biosynthesis converting ACC to ethylene, cyanide, CO2, dehydroascorbate and water with inputs of Fe(II), ascorbate, bicarbonate (as activators) and oxygen. Cyanide activates ACCO. A 'nest' comprising several positively charged amino acid residues from the C-terminal α-helix 11 along with Lys158 and Arg299 are proposed as binding sites for ascorbate and bicarbonate to coordinately activate the ACCO reaction. The binding sites for ACC, bicarbonate and ascorbic acid for Malus domestica ACCO1 include Arg175, Arg244, Ser246, Lys158, Lys292, Arg299 and Phe300. Glutamate 297, Phe300 and Glu301 in α-helix 11 are also important for the ACCO reaction. Our proposed reaction pathway incorporates cyanide as an ACCO/Fe(II) ligand after reaction turnover. The cyanide ligand is likely displaced upon binding of ACC and ascorbate to provide a binding site for oxygen. We propose that ACCO may be involved in the ethylene signal transduction pathway not directly linked to the ACCO reaction. ACC oxidase has significant homology with Lycopersicon esculentum cysteine protease LeCp, which functions as a protease and as a regulator of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase (Acs2) gene expression. ACC oxidase may play a similar role in signal transduction after post-translational processing. ACC oxidase becomes inactivated by fragmentation and apparently has intrinsic protease and transpeptidase activity. ACC oxidase contains several amino acid sequence motifs for putative protein-protein interactions, phosphokinases and cysteine protease. ACC oxidase is subject to autophosphorylaton in vitro and promotes phosphorylation of some apple fruit proteins in a ripening-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R. Dilley
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Corresponding author's e-mail address:
| | - Zhenyong Wang
- Ball Horticultural Company, 622 Town Road, West Chicago, IL 60185, USA
| | | | - Fillipos Ververidis
- Department of Plant Sciences, Technological Educational Institute of Crete, Heraklion 71004, Greece
| | - Randolph Beaudry
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Kallaithe Padmanabhan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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35
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Van de Poel B, Bulens I, Markoula A, Hertog ML, Dreesen R, Wirtz M, Vandoninck S, Oppermann Y, Keulemans J, Hell R, Waelkens E, De Proft MP, Sauter M, Nicolai BM, Geeraerd AH. Targeted systems biology profiling of tomato fruit reveals coordination of the Yang cycle and a distinct regulation of ethylene biosynthesis during postclimacteric ripening. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 160:1498-514. [PMID: 22977280 PMCID: PMC3490579 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.206086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The concept of system 1 and system 2 ethylene biosynthesis during climacteric fruit ripening was initially described four decades ago. Although much is known about fruit development and climacteric ripening, little information is available about how ethylene biosynthesis is regulated during the postclimacteric phase. A targeted systems biology approach revealed a novel regulatory mechanism of ethylene biosynthesis of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) when fruit have reached their maximal ethylene production level and which is characterized by a decline in ethylene biosynthesis. Ethylene production is shut down at the level of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase. At the same time, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase activity increases. Analysis of the Yang cycle showed that the Yang cycle genes are regulated in a coordinated way and are highly expressed during postclimacteric ripening. Postclimacteric red tomatoes on the plant showed only a moderate regulation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase and Yang cycle genes compared with the regulation in detached fruit. Treatment of red fruit with 1-methylcyclopropane and ethephon revealed that the shut-down mechanism in ethylene biosynthesis is developmentally programmed and only moderately ethylene sensitive. We propose that the termination of autocatalytic ethylene biosynthesis of system 2 in ripe fruit delays senescence and preserves the fruit until seed dispersal.
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36
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Brisson L, El Bakkali-Taheri N, Giorgi M, Fadel A, Kaizer J, Réglier M, Tron T, Ajandouz EH, Simaan AJ. 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase: insight into cofactor binding from experimental and theoretical studies. J Biol Inorg Chem 2012; 17:939-49. [PMID: 22711330 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-012-0910-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase (ACCO) is a nonheme Fe(II)-containing enzyme that is related to the 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase family. The binding of substrates/cofactors to tomato ACCO was investigated through kinetics, tryptophan fluorescence quenching, and modeling studies. α-Aminophosphonate analogs of the substrate (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, ACC), 1-aminocyclopropane-1-phosphonic acid (ACP) and (1-amino-1-methyl)ethylphosphonic acid (AMEP), were found to be competitive inhibitors versus both ACC and bicarbonate (HCO(3)(-)) ions. The measured dissociation constants for Fe(II) and ACC clearly indicate that bicarbonate ions improve both Fe(II) and ACC binding, strongly suggesting a stabilization role for this cofactor. A structural model of tomato ACCO was constructed and used for docking experiments, providing a model of possible interactions of ACC, HCO(3)(-), and ascorbate at the active site. In this model, the ACC and bicarbonate binding sites are located close together in the active pocket. HCO(3)(-) is found at hydrogen-bond distance from ACC and interacts (hydrogen bonds or electrostatic interactions) with residues K158, R244, Y162, S246, and R300 of the enzyme. The position of ascorbate is also predicted away from ACC. Individually docked at the active site, the inhibitors ACP and AMEP were found coordinating the metal ion in place of ACC with the phosphonate groups interacting with K158 and R300, thus interlocking with both ACC and bicarbonate binding sites. In conclusion, HCO(3)(-) and ACC together occupy positions similar to the position of 2-oxoglutarate in related enzymes, and through a hydrogen bond HCO(3)(-) likely plays a major role in the stabilization of the substrate in the active pocket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydie Brisson
- Aix-Marseille Université and CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille, UMR 7313, Marseille, France
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Imsand EM, Njeri CW, Ellis HR. Addition of an external electron donor to in vitro assays of cysteine dioxygenase precludes the need for exogenous iron. Arch Biochem Biophys 2012; 521:10-7. [PMID: 22433531 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2012.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Revised: 03/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cysteine dioxygenase (CDO) utilizes a 3-His facial triad for coordination of its metal center. Recombinant CDO present in cellular lysate exists primarily in the ferrous form and exhibits significant catalytic activity. Removal of CDO from the reducing cellular environment during purification results in the loss of bound iron and oxidation of greater than 99% of the remaining metal centers. The as-isolated recombinant enzyme has comparable activity as the background level of L-cysteine oxidation confirming that CDO is inactive under the aerobic conditions required for catalysis. Including exogenous ferrous iron in assays resulted in non-enzymatic product formation; however, addition of an external reductant in assays of the purified protein resulted in the recovery of CDO activity. EPR spectroscopy of CDO in the presence of a reductant confirms that the recovered activity is consistent with reduction of iron to the ferrous form. The as-isolated enzyme in the presence of L-cysteine was nearly unreactive with the dioxygen analog, but had increased affinity when pre-incubated with an external reductant. These studies shed light on the discrepancies among reported kinetic parameters for CDO and also juxtapose the stability of the 3-His and 2-His/1-carboxylate ferrous enzymes in the presence of dioxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Imsand
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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38
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Mantri M, Zhang Z, McDonough MA, Schofield CJ. Autocatalysed oxidative modifications to 2-oxoglutarate dependent oxygenases. FEBS J 2012; 279:1563-75. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2012.08496.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Characterization of Cu(II)-ACC complexes and conversion of the bound ACC into ethylene in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. detection of a brown intermediate at low temperature. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2011:43424. [PMID: 18274607 PMCID: PMC2216062 DOI: 10.1155/2007/43424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2007] [Accepted: 07/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Two copper(II)-ACC complexes were prepared and characterized: [Cu(bpy)(ACC)(H2O)]⋅CO4 (1) and [Cu(ACC)2]3⋅4H2O (2). Their crystallographic structures are described and analyzed. Spectroscopic characterizations (UV-visible and EPR) confirm that the structure is maintained in solution. These complexes are able to produce ethylene in the presence of hydrogen peroxide
in an “ACC Oxidase-like” reaction in water and in methanol. The conversion of ACC into ethylene depends on the amount of base, and, in methanol, 3 equivalents of NaOH are needed for optimum activity. The base is proposed to play a role in H2O2 deprotonation. The presence of an exogenic ligand (bpy) is important for the reactivity and may stabilize a reaction intermediate. Indeed, a brown intermediate with an absorption band centered at 433 nm can be detected at low temperature when 1 is treated with 10 equivalents
of H2O2.
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40
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Stasser J, Namuswe F, Kasper GD, Jiang Y, Krest CM, Green MT, Penner-Hahn J, Goldberg DP. X-ray absorption spectroscopy and reactivity of thiolate-ligated Fe(III)-OOR complexes. Inorg Chem 2011; 49:9178-90. [PMID: 20839847 DOI: 10.1021/ic100670k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of a series of thiolate-ligated iron(II) complexes [Fe(II)([15]aneN(4))(SC(6)H(5))]BF(4) (1), [Fe(II)([15]aneN(4))(SC(6)H(4)-p-Cl)]BF(4) (2), and [Fe(II)([15]aneN(4))(SC(6)H(4)-p-NO(2))]BF(4) (3) with alkylhydroperoxides at low temperature (-78 °C or -40 °C) leads to the metastable alkylperoxo-iron(III) species [Fe(III)([15]aneN(4))(SC(6)H(5))(OOtBu)]BF(4) (1a), [Fe(III)([15]aneN(4))(SC(6)H(4)-p-Cl)(OOtBu)]BF(4) (2a), and [Fe(III)([15]aneN(4))(SC(6)H(4)-p-NO(2))(OOtBu)]BF(4) (3a), respectively. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) studies were conducted on the Fe(III)-OOR complexes and their iron(II) precursors. The edge energy for the iron(II) complexes (∼7118 eV) shifts to higher energy upon oxidation by ROOH, and the resulting edge energies for the Fe(III)-OOR species range from 7121-7125 eV and correlate with the nature of the thiolate donor. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis of the iron(II) complexes 1-3 in CH(2)Cl(2) show that their solid state structures remain intact in solution. The EXAFS data on 1a-3a confirm their proposed structures as mononuclear, 6-coordinate Fe(III)-OOR complexes with 4N and 1S donors completing the coordination sphere. The Fe-O bond distances obtained from EXAFS for 1a-3a are 1.82-1.85 Å, significantly longer than other low-spin Fe(III)-OOR complexes. The Fe-O distances correlate with the nature of the thiolate donor, in agreement with the previous trends observed for ν(Fe-O) from resonance Raman (RR) spectroscopy, and supported by optimized geometries obtained from density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Reactivity and kinetic studies on 1a- 3a show an important influence of the thiolate donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Stasser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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41
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Trapping and spectroscopic characterization of an FeIII-superoxo intermediate from a nonheme mononuclear iron-containing enzyme. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:16788-93. [PMID: 20837547 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1010015107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fe(III)-O(2)*(-) intermediates are well known in heme enzymes, but none have been characterized in the nonheme mononuclear Fe(II) enzyme family. Many steps in the O(2) activation and reaction cycle of Fe(II)-containing homoprotocatechuate 2,3-dioxygenase are made detectable by using the alternative substrate 4-nitrocatechol (4NC) and mutation of the active site His200 to Asn (H200N). Here, the first intermediate (Int-1) observed after adding O(2) to the H200N-4NC complex is trapped and characterized using EPR and Mössbauer (MB) spectroscopies. Int-1 is a high-spin (S(1) = 5/2) Fe(III) antiferromagnetically (AF) coupled to an S(2) = 1/2 radical (J ≈ 6 cm(-1) in ). It exhibits parallel-mode EPR signals at g = 8.17 from the S = 2 multiplet, and g = 8.8 and 11.6 from the S = 3 multiplet. These signals are broadened significantly by hyperfine interactions (A((17)O) ≈ 180 MHz). Thus, Int-1 is an AF-coupled species. The experimental observations are supported by density functional theory calculations that show nearly complete transfer of spin density to the bound O(2). Int-1 decays to form a second intermediate (Int-2). MB spectra show that it is also an AF-coupled Fe(III)-radical complex. Int-2 exhibits an EPR signal at g = 8.05 arising from an S = 2 state. The signal is only slightly broadened by (< 3% spin delocalization), suggesting that Int-2 is a peroxo-Fe(III)-4NC semiquinone radical species. Our results demonstrate facile electron transfer between Fe(II), O(2), and the organic ligand, thereby supporting the proposed wild-type enzyme mechanism.
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Ghattas W, Serhan Z, El Bakkali-Taheri N, Réglier M, Kodera M, Hitomi Y, Simaan AJ. Synthesis and Characterization of a Binuclear Iron(III) Complex Bridged by 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic Acid. Ethylene Production in the Presence of Hydrogen Peroxide. Inorg Chem 2009; 48:3910-2. [DOI: 10.1021/ic9001626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wadih Ghattas
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille, ISM2 UMR 6263, CNRS, Faculté des Sciences de Saint-Jérôme, Université Paul-Cézanne Aix-Marseille III, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France, and Department of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
| | - Zeinab Serhan
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille, ISM2 UMR 6263, CNRS, Faculté des Sciences de Saint-Jérôme, Université Paul-Cézanne Aix-Marseille III, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France, and Department of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
| | - Nadia El Bakkali-Taheri
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille, ISM2 UMR 6263, CNRS, Faculté des Sciences de Saint-Jérôme, Université Paul-Cézanne Aix-Marseille III, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France, and Department of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
| | - Marius Réglier
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille, ISM2 UMR 6263, CNRS, Faculté des Sciences de Saint-Jérôme, Université Paul-Cézanne Aix-Marseille III, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France, and Department of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
| | - Masahito Kodera
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille, ISM2 UMR 6263, CNRS, Faculté des Sciences de Saint-Jérôme, Université Paul-Cézanne Aix-Marseille III, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France, and Department of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
| | - Yutaka Hitomi
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille, ISM2 UMR 6263, CNRS, Faculté des Sciences de Saint-Jérôme, Université Paul-Cézanne Aix-Marseille III, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France, and Department of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
| | - A. Jalila Simaan
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille, ISM2 UMR 6263, CNRS, Faculté des Sciences de Saint-Jérôme, Université Paul-Cézanne Aix-Marseille III, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France, and Department of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
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Ferreira FJ, Guo C, Coleman JR. Reduction of plastid-localized carbonic anhydrase activity results in reduced Arabidopsis seedling survivorship. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2008; 147:585-94. [PMID: 18434607 PMCID: PMC2409021 DOI: 10.1104/pp.108.118661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2008] [Accepted: 04/04/2008] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase (CA; EC 4.2.1.1) catalyzes the interconversion of CO2 and HCO3(-) and is a major protein constituent of the C3 higher plant chloroplast where it is presumed to play a role in photosynthetic carbon assimilation. In this study, we have used both RNA antisense and gene knockout lines to specifically reduce the activity of the chloroplast betaCA1 polypeptide (At3g01500) in the model plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Although able to germinate, seedling establishment of transgenic plants is significantly reduced relative to wild-type plants when grown at ambient levels of CO2. Growth at elevated (1,500 microL L(-1)) CO2 or on plates supplemented with sucrose restores seedling establishment rates to wild-type levels. Seed from wild-type and transgenic plants exhibited no significant differences in seed protein, lipid content, or reserve mobilization during seedling growth. betaCA1-deficient seedlings do, however, exhibit reduced capacity for light-dependent 14CO2 assimilation prior to the development of true leaves. The small number of surviving seedlings able to grow and develop are phenotypically similar to wild-type plants, even when subsequently grown at subambient levels of CO2. Microarray analysis of mature leaves of betaCA1-deficient plants shows some differences in transcript abundance, particularly with genes involved in ethylene signaling and response. The data suggest that reduced levels of seedling establishment by betaCA1-deficient plants could be the result of poor cotyledon photosynthetic performance at the onset of phototrophic growth and prior to the development of true leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando J Ferreira
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3B2
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44
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Ghattas W, Giorgi M, Mekmouche Y, Tanaka T, Rockenbauer A, Réglier M, Hitomi Y, Simaan AJ. Identification of a Copper(I) Intermediate in the Conversion of 1-Aminocyclopropane Carboxylic Acid (ACC) into Ethylene by Cu(II)−ACC Complexes and Hydrogen Peroxide. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:4627-38. [DOI: 10.1021/ic702303g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wadih Ghattas
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille, ISM2/BiosCiences UMR-CNRS 6263, Aix-Marseille Université, Centre Scientifique de Saint-Jérôme, Service 342, 13397 Marseille cedex 20, France, Spectropôle, Aix-Marseille Université, Centre Scientifique de Saint-Jérôme, Av. Escadrille Normandie-Niémen, 13397 Marseille cedex 20, France, Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto Daigaku Katsuta, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan, and Chemical Research Center, Hungarian
| | - Michel Giorgi
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille, ISM2/BiosCiences UMR-CNRS 6263, Aix-Marseille Université, Centre Scientifique de Saint-Jérôme, Service 342, 13397 Marseille cedex 20, France, Spectropôle, Aix-Marseille Université, Centre Scientifique de Saint-Jérôme, Av. Escadrille Normandie-Niémen, 13397 Marseille cedex 20, France, Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto Daigaku Katsuta, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan, and Chemical Research Center, Hungarian
| | - Yasmina Mekmouche
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille, ISM2/BiosCiences UMR-CNRS 6263, Aix-Marseille Université, Centre Scientifique de Saint-Jérôme, Service 342, 13397 Marseille cedex 20, France, Spectropôle, Aix-Marseille Université, Centre Scientifique de Saint-Jérôme, Av. Escadrille Normandie-Niémen, 13397 Marseille cedex 20, France, Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto Daigaku Katsuta, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan, and Chemical Research Center, Hungarian
| | - Tsunehiro Tanaka
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille, ISM2/BiosCiences UMR-CNRS 6263, Aix-Marseille Université, Centre Scientifique de Saint-Jérôme, Service 342, 13397 Marseille cedex 20, France, Spectropôle, Aix-Marseille Université, Centre Scientifique de Saint-Jérôme, Av. Escadrille Normandie-Niémen, 13397 Marseille cedex 20, France, Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto Daigaku Katsuta, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan, and Chemical Research Center, Hungarian
| | - Antal Rockenbauer
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille, ISM2/BiosCiences UMR-CNRS 6263, Aix-Marseille Université, Centre Scientifique de Saint-Jérôme, Service 342, 13397 Marseille cedex 20, France, Spectropôle, Aix-Marseille Université, Centre Scientifique de Saint-Jérôme, Av. Escadrille Normandie-Niémen, 13397 Marseille cedex 20, France, Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto Daigaku Katsuta, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan, and Chemical Research Center, Hungarian
| | - Marius Réglier
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille, ISM2/BiosCiences UMR-CNRS 6263, Aix-Marseille Université, Centre Scientifique de Saint-Jérôme, Service 342, 13397 Marseille cedex 20, France, Spectropôle, Aix-Marseille Université, Centre Scientifique de Saint-Jérôme, Av. Escadrille Normandie-Niémen, 13397 Marseille cedex 20, France, Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto Daigaku Katsuta, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan, and Chemical Research Center, Hungarian
| | - Yutaka Hitomi
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille, ISM2/BiosCiences UMR-CNRS 6263, Aix-Marseille Université, Centre Scientifique de Saint-Jérôme, Service 342, 13397 Marseille cedex 20, France, Spectropôle, Aix-Marseille Université, Centre Scientifique de Saint-Jérôme, Av. Escadrille Normandie-Niémen, 13397 Marseille cedex 20, France, Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto Daigaku Katsuta, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan, and Chemical Research Center, Hungarian
| | - A. Jalila Simaan
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille, ISM2/BiosCiences UMR-CNRS 6263, Aix-Marseille Université, Centre Scientifique de Saint-Jérôme, Service 342, 13397 Marseille cedex 20, France, Spectropôle, Aix-Marseille Université, Centre Scientifique de Saint-Jérôme, Av. Escadrille Normandie-Niémen, 13397 Marseille cedex 20, France, Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto Daigaku Katsuta, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan, and Chemical Research Center, Hungarian
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45
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Guo S, Boyd J, Sammynaiken R, Loewen MC. Identification and characterization of a unique cysteine residue proximal to the catalytic site of Arabidopsis thaliana carotenoid cleavage enzyme 1. Biochem Cell Biol 2008; 86:262-70. [DOI: 10.1139/o08-031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AtCCD1 and AtNCED3 are related carotenoid cleavage enzymes from Arabidopsis thaliana that catalyze the oxidative cleavage of, respectively, the 9,10 (9′,10′) double bonds of carotenoid substrates such as β-carotene, and the 11,12 double bond of 9-cis epoxycarotenoids. Although the cellular and cleavage functionalities of these enzymes have been reported, their mechanisms and related structural environments mediating these disparate specificities in homologous enzymes have not been well characterized. By relating the differences observed in UV and visible light absorption and Cu(II) electron paramagnetic signals to variations in sequence alignments and 3-D homology models of the two A. thaliana enzymes, we identified a putatively proximal cysteine residue (Cys352) in AtCCD1 that is not conserved in AtNCED3. Spectral analysis of the Cys to Ala mutant confirmed its uniqueness and proximity to the metal binding site, but precluded any role for the residue in the mediation of the observed metal binding affinity or associated steric constraint differences. Further analysis of kinetic substrate cleavage properties indicated a decrease in Vmax and a subtle increase in Km for the C352A mutant compared with those observed for the wild-type, thus confirming catalytic site proximity and suggesting possible roles for the unique cysteine in the modulation of substrate affinity and (or) the reaction rate of AtCCD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shukui Guo
- Plant Biotechnology Institute, National Research Council Canada, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9, Canada
- SK Structural Science Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Jason Boyd
- Plant Biotechnology Institute, National Research Council Canada, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9, Canada
- SK Structural Science Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Ramaswami Sammynaiken
- Plant Biotechnology Institute, National Research Council Canada, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9, Canada
- SK Structural Science Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Michèle C. Loewen
- Plant Biotechnology Institute, National Research Council Canada, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9, Canada
- SK Structural Science Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
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46
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Kovaleva EG, Lipscomb JD. Versatility of biological non-heme Fe(II) centers in oxygen activation reactions. Nat Chem Biol 2008; 4:186-93. [PMID: 18277980 PMCID: PMC2720164 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 492] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Oxidase and oxygenase enzymes allow the use of relatively unreactive O2 in biochemical reactions. Many of the mechanistic strategies used in nature for this key reaction are represented within the 2-histidine-1-carboxylate facial triad family of non-heme Fe(II)-containing enzymes. The open face of the metal coordination sphere opposite the three endogenous ligands participates directly in the reaction chemistry. Here, data from several studies are presented showing that reductive O2 activation within this family is initiated by substrate (and in some cases cosubstrate or cofactor) binding, which then allows coordination of O2 to the metal. From this starting point, the O2 activation process and the reactions with substrates diverge broadly. The reactive species formed in these reactions have been proposed to encompass four oxidation states of iron and all forms of reduced O2 as well as several of the reactive oxygen species that derive from O-O bond cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena G Kovaleva
- Elena G. Kovaleva and John D. Lipscomb are in the Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics and the Center for Metals in Biocatalysis, University of Minnesota, 6-155 Jackson Hall, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455 USA
| | - John D Lipscomb
- Elena G. Kovaleva and John D. Lipscomb are in the Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics and the Center for Metals in Biocatalysis, University of Minnesota, 6-155 Jackson Hall, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455 USA
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47
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The nature of O2 activation by the ethylene-forming enzyme 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:1814-9. [PMID: 18238897 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0711626105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethylene is a plant hormone important in many aspects of plant growth and development such as germination, fruit ripening, and senescence. 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) oxidase (ACCO), an O2-activating ascorbate-dependent nonheme iron enzyme, catalyzes the last step in ethylene biosynthesis. The O2 activation process by ACCO was investigated using steady-state kinetics, solvent isotope effects (SIEs), and competitive oxygen kinetic isotope effects (18O KIEs) to provide insights into the nature of the activated oxygen species formed at the active-site iron center and its dependence on ascorbic acid. The observed large 18O KIE of 1.0215 +/- 0.0005 strongly supports a rate-determining step formation of an Fe(IV) O species, which acts as the reactive intermediate in substrate oxidation. The large SIE on kcat/Km(O2) of 5.0 +/- 0.9 suggests that formation of this Fe(IV) O species is linked to a rate-limiting proton or hydrogen atom transfer step. Based on the observed decrease in SIE and 18O KIE values for ACCO at limiting ascorbate concentrations, ascorbate is proposed to bind in a random manner, depending on its concentration. We conclude that ascorbate is not essential for initial O2 binding and activation but is required for rapid Fe(IV) O formation under catalytic turnover. Similar studies can be performed for other nonheme iron enzymes, with the 18O KIEs providing a kinetic probe into the chemical nature of Fe/O2 intermediates formed in the first irreversible step of the O2 activation.
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48
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Bruijnincx PCA, van Koten G, Klein Gebbink RJM. Mononuclear non-heme iron enzymes with the 2-His-1-carboxylate facial triad: recent developments in enzymology and modeling studies. Chem Soc Rev 2008; 37:2716-44. [DOI: 10.1039/b707179p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 412] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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49
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Shan X, Rohde JU, Koehntop KD, Zhou Y, Bukowski MR, Costas M, Fujisawa K, Que L. X-ray absorption spectroscopic studies of high-spin nonheme (alkylperoxo)iron(III) intermediates. Inorg Chem 2007; 46:8410-7. [PMID: 17764172 DOI: 10.1021/ic700649w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of iron(II) complexes [Fe(T(pt-Bu,i-Pr))(OH)] (1a, Tp(t-Bu,i-Pr) = hydrotris(3-tert-butyl-5-isopropyl-1-pyrazolyl)borate), [Fe(6-Me2BPMCN)(OTf)2] (1b, 6-Me2BPMCN = N,N'-bis((2-methylpyridin-6-yl)methyl)-N,N'-dimethyl-trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane), and [Fe(L8Py2)(OTf)](OTf) (1c, L8Py2 = 1,5-bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-1,5-diazacyclooctane) with tert-BuOOH give rise to high-spin FeIII-OOR complexes. X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of these high-spin species show characteristic features, distinct from those of low-spin Fe-OOR complexes (Rohde, J.-U.; et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 16750-16761). These include (1) an intense 1s --> 3d preedge feature, with an area around 20 units, (2) an edge energy, ranging from 7122 to 7126 eV, that is affected by the coordination environment, and (3) a 1.86-1.96 A Fe-OOR bond, compared to the 1.78 A Fe-OOR bond in low-spin complexes. These unique features likely arise from a flexible first coordination sphere in those complexes. The difference in Fe-OOR bond length may rationalize differences in reactivity between low-spin and high-spin FeIII-OOR species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Shan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Metals in Biocatalysis, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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50
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Brown CD, Neidig ML, Neibergall MB, Lipscomb JD, Solomon EI. VTVH-MCD and DFT studies of thiolate bonding to [FeNO]7/[FeO2]8 complexes of isopenicillin N synthase: substrate determination of oxidase versus oxygenase activity in nonheme Fe enzymes. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:7427-38. [PMID: 17506560 PMCID: PMC2536647 DOI: 10.1021/ja071364v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Isopenicillin N synthase (IPNS) is a unique mononuclear nonheme Fe enzyme that catalyzes the four-electron oxidative double ring closure of its substrate ACV. A combination of spectroscopic techniques including EPR, absorbance, circular dichroism (CD), magnetic CD, and variable-temperature, variable-field MCD (VTVH-MCD) were used to evaluate the geometric and electronic structure of the [FeNO]7 complex of IPNS coordinated with the ACV thiolate ligand. Density Function Theory (DFT) calculations correlated to the spectroscopic data were used to generate an experimentally calibrated bonding description of the Fe-IPNS-ACV-NO complex. New spectroscopic features introduced by the binding of the ACV thiolate at 13 100 and 19 800 cm-1 are assigned as the NO pi*(ip) --> Fe dx2-y2 and S pi--> Fe dx2-y2 charge transfer (CT) transitions, respectively. Configuration interaction mixes S CT character into the NO pi*(ip) --> Fe dx2-y2 CT transition, which is observed experimentally from the VTVH-MCD data from this transition. Calculations on the hypothetical {FeO2}8 complex of Fe-IPNS-ACV reveal that the configuration interaction present in the [FeNO]7 complex results in an unoccupied frontier molecular orbital (FMO) with correct orientation and distal O character for H-atom abstraction from the ACV substrate. The energetics of NO/O2 binding to Fe-IPNS-ACV were evaluated and demonstrate that charge donation from the ACV thiolate ligand renders the formation of the FeIII-superoxide complex energetically favorable, driving the reaction at the Fe center. This single center reaction allows IPNS to avoid the O2 bridged binding generally invoked in other nonheme Fe enzymes that leads to oxygen insertion (i.e., oxygenase function) and determines the oxidase activity of IPNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina D Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080, USA
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