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Koikov L, Starner RJ, Swope VB, Upadhyay P, Hashimoto Y, Freeman KT, Knittel JJ, Haskell-Luevano C, Abdel-Malek ZA. Development of hMC1R Selective Small Agonists for Sunless Tanning and Prevention of Genotoxicity of UV in Melanocytes. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:1819-1829. [PMID: 33609553 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the human melanocortin 1 receptor (hMC1R) expressed on melanocytes by α-melanocortin plays a central role in regulating human pigmentation and reducing the genotoxicity of UV by activating DNA repair and antioxidant defenses. For the development of a hMC1R-targeted photoprotection strategy, we designed tetra- and tripeptide agonists with modifications that provide the necessary lipophilicity and hMC1R selectivity to be effective drugs. These peptides proved to be superior to most of the existing analogs of the physiological tridecapeptide α-melanocortin because of their small size and high hMC1R selectivity. Testing on primary cultures of human melanocytes showed that these peptides are highly potent with prolonged stimulation of melanogenesis, enhanced repair of UV-induced DNA photoproducts, and reduced apoptosis. One of the tripeptides, designated as LK-514 (5), with a molecular weight of 660 Da, has unprecedented (>100,000) hMC1R selectivity when compared with the other melanocortin receptors hMC3R, hMC4R, and hMC5R, and increases pigmentation (sunless tanning) in a cultured, three-dimensional skin model. These new analogs should be efficacious in preventing skin cancer, including melanoma, and treatment of skin disorders, such as vitiligo and polymorphic light eruptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid Koikov
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Renny J Starner
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Viki B Swope
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Parth Upadhyay
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Yuki Hashimoto
- Department of Dermatology, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katie T Freeman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - James J Knittel
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, Massachusetts, USA
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2
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Klenner MA, Darwish T, Fraser BH, Massi M, Pascali G. Labeled Rhenium Complexes: Radiofluorination, α-MSH Cyclization, and Deuterium Substitutions. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell A. Klenner
- National Deuteration Facility (NDF) & Human Health, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, New South Wales, Australia 2234
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia 6102
| | - Tamim Darwish
- National Deuteration Facility (NDF) & Human Health, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, New South Wales, Australia 2234
| | - Benjamin H. Fraser
- National Deuteration Facility (NDF) & Human Health, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, New South Wales, Australia 2234
| | - Massimiliano Massi
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia 6102
| | - Giancarlo Pascali
- National Deuteration Facility (NDF) & Human Health, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, New South Wales, Australia 2234
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia 2031
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Kensington, New South Wales, Australia 2052
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3
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Zhang C, Lin KS, Bénard F. Molecular Imaging and Radionuclide Therapy of Melanoma Targeting the Melanocortin 1 Receptor. Mol Imaging 2018; 16:1536012117737919. [PMID: 29182034 PMCID: PMC5714078 DOI: 10.1177/1536012117737919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a deadly disease at late metastatic stage, and early diagnosis and accurate staging remain the key aspects for managing melanoma. The melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1 R) is overexpressed in primary and metastatic melanomas, and its endogenous ligand, the α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (αMSH), has been extensively studied for the development of MC1 R-targeted molecular imaging and therapy of melanoma. Natural αMSH is not well suited for this purpose due to low stability in vivo. Unnatural amino acid substitutions substantially stabilized the peptide, while cyclization via lactam bridge and metal coordination further improved binding affinity and stability. In this study, we summarized the development and the in vitro and in vivo characteristics of the radiolabeled αMSH analogues, including 99mTc-, 111In-, 67 Ga-, or 125I-labeled αMSH analogues for imaging with single-photon emission computed tomography; 68Ga-, 64Cu-, or 18F-labeled αMSH analogues for imaging with positron emission tomography; and 188Re-, 177Lu-, 90Y-, or 212Pb-labeled αMSH analogues for radionuclide therapy. These radiolabeled αMSH analogues showed promising results with high tumor uptake and rapid normal tissue activity clearance in the preclinical model of B16F1 and B16F10 mouse melanomas. These results highlight the potential of using radiolabeled αMSH analogues in clinical applications for molecular imaging and radionuclide therapy of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Zhang
- 1 Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kuo-Shyan Lin
- 1 Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,2 Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - François Bénard
- 1 Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,2 Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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4
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Zhang C, Zhang Z, Lin KS, Lau J, Zeisler J, Colpo N, Perrin DM, Bénard F. Melanoma Imaging Using 18F-Labeled α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone Derivatives with Positron Emission Tomography. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:2116-2122. [PMID: 29714486 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b01113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) is specifically expressed in the majority of melanomas, a leading cause of death related to skin cancers. Accurate staging and early detection is crucial in managing melanoma. Based on the α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (αMSH) sequence, MC1R-targeted peptides have been studied for melanoma imaging, predominately for use with single-photon emission computed tomography, with few attempts made for positron emission tomography (PET). 18F is a commonly used PET isotope due to readily available cyclotron production, pure positron emission, and a favorable half-life (109.8 min). In this study, we aim to design and evaluate αMSH derivatives that enable radiolabeling with 18F for PET imaging of melanoma. We synthesized three imaging probes based on the structure of Nle4-cyclo[Asp5-His-d-Phe7-Arg-Trp-Lys10]-NH2 (Nle-CycMSHhex), with a Pip linker (CCZ01064), an Acp linker (CCZ01070), or an Aoc linker (CCZ01071). 18F labeling was enabled by an ammoniomethyl-trifluoroborate (AmBF3) moiety. In vitro competition binding assays showed subnanomolar inhibition constant ( Ki) values for all three peptides. The 18F radiolabeling was performed via a one-step 18F-19F isotope exchange reaction that resulted in high radiochemical purity (>95%) and good molar activity (specific activity) ranging from 40.7 to 66.6 MBq/nmol. All three 18F-labeled peptides produced excellent tumor visualization with PET imaging in C57BL/6J mice bearing B16-F10 tumors. The tumor uptake was 7.80 ± 1.77, 5.27 ± 2.38, and 5.46 ± 2.64% injected dose per gram of tissue (%ID/g) for [18F]CCZ01064, [18F]CCZ01070, and [18F]CCZ01071 at 1 h post-injection (p.i.), respectively. Minimal background activity was observed except for kidneys at 4.99 ± 0.20, 4.42 ± 0.54, and 13.55 ± 2.84%ID/g, respectively. The best candidate [18F]CCZ01064 was further evaluated at 2 h p.i., which showed increased tumor uptake at 11.96 ± 2.31%ID/g and further reduced normal tissue uptake. Moreover, a blocking study was performed for CCZ01064 at 1 h p.i., where tumor uptake was significantly reduced to 1.97 ± 0.60%ID/g, suggesting the tumor uptake was receptor mediated. In conclusion, [18F]CCZ01064 showed high tumor uptake, low normal tissue uptake, and fast clearance and is therefore a suitable and promising candidate for PET imaging of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Zhang
- Department of Molecular Oncology , BC Cancer Agency , Vancouver , British Columbia V5Z 1L3 , Canada
| | - Zhengxing Zhang
- Department of Molecular Oncology , BC Cancer Agency , Vancouver , British Columbia V5Z 1L3 , Canada
| | - Kuo-Shyan Lin
- Department of Molecular Oncology , BC Cancer Agency , Vancouver , British Columbia V5Z 1L3 , Canada
| | - Joseph Lau
- Department of Molecular Oncology , BC Cancer Agency , Vancouver , British Columbia V5Z 1L3 , Canada
| | - Jutta Zeisler
- Department of Molecular Oncology , BC Cancer Agency , Vancouver , British Columbia V5Z 1L3 , Canada
| | - Nadine Colpo
- Department of Molecular Oncology , BC Cancer Agency , Vancouver , British Columbia V5Z 1L3 , Canada
| | | | - François Bénard
- Department of Molecular Oncology , BC Cancer Agency , Vancouver , British Columbia V5Z 1L3 , Canada
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Gao F, Sihver W, Bergmann R, Belter B, Bolzati C, Salvarese N, Steinbach J, Pietzsch J, Pietzsch HJ. Synthesis, Characterization, and Initial Biological Evaluation of [ 99m Tc]Tc-Tricarbonyl-labeled DPA-α-MSH Peptide Derivatives for Potential Melanoma Imaging. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:1146-1158. [PMID: 29659163 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
α-Melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) derivatives target the melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) specifically and selectively. In this study, the α-MSH-derived peptide NAP-NS1 (Nle-Asp-His-d-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gly-NH2 ) with and without linkers was conjugated with 5-(bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino)pentanoic acid (DPA-COOH) and labeled with [99m Tc]Tc-tricarbonyl by two methods. With the one-pot method the labeling was faster than with the two-pot method, while obtaining similarly high yields. Negligible trans-chelation and high stability in physiological solutions was determined for the [99m Tc]Tc-tricarbonyl-peptide conjugates. Coupling an ethylene glycol (EG)-based linker increased the hydrophilicity. The peptide derivatives displayed high binding affinity in murine B16F10 melanoma cells as well as in human MeWo and TXM13 melanoma cell homogenates. Preliminary in vivo studies with one of the [99m Tc]Tc-tricarbonyl-peptide conjugates showed good stability in blood and both renal and hepatobiliary excretion. Biodistribution was performed on healthy rats to gain initial insight into the potential relevance of the 99m Tc-labeled peptides for in vivo imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Wiebke Sihver
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ralf Bergmann
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Birgit Belter
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Cristina Bolzati
- Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy-ICMATE-CNR, 35127, Padova, Italy
| | - Nicola Salvarese
- Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy-ICMATE-CNR, 35127, Padova, Italy
| | - Jörg Steinbach
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Pietzsch
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
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6
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Liu L, Xu J, Yang J, Feng C, Miao Y. Metastatic melanoma imaging using a novel Tc-99m-labeled lactam-cyclized alpha-MSH peptide. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:4952-4955. [PMID: 29054361 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the metastatic melanoma imaging property of 99mTc(EDDA)-HYNIC-Aoc-Nle-CycMSHhex {hydrazinonicotinamide-8-aminooctanoic acid-Nle-c[Asp-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-Lys]-CONH2}. HYNIC-Aoc-Nle-CycMSHhex was synthesized using fluorenylmethyloxy carbonyl (Fmoc) chemistry. The IC50 value of HYNIC-Aoc-Nle-CycMSHhex was 0.78 ± 0.13 nM for B16/F10 melanoma cells. 99mTc(EDDA)-HYNIC-Aoc-Nle-CycMSHhex displayed significantly higher uptake (14.26 ± 2.74 and 10.45 ± 2.31% ID/g) in B16/F10 metastatic melanoma-bearing lung than that in normal lung (0.90 ± 0.15 and 0.53 ± 0.14% ID/g) at 2 and 4 h post-injection, respectively. B16/F10 pulmonary metastatic melanoma lesions were clearly visualized by SPECT/CT using 99mTc(EDDA)-HYNIC-Aoc-Nle-CycMSHhex as an imaging probe at 2 h post-injection, underscoring its potential as an imaging probe for metastatic melanoma detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Jingli Xu
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jianquan Yang
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Changjian Feng
- College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Yubin Miao
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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7
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Charron CL, Hickey JL, Nsiama TK, Cruickshank DR, Turnbull WL, Luyt LG. Molecular imaging probes derived from natural peptides. Nat Prod Rep 2017; 33:761-800. [PMID: 26911790 DOI: 10.1039/c5np00083a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Covering: up to the end of 2015.Peptides are naturally occurring compounds that play an important role in all living systems and are responsible for a range of essential functions. Peptide receptors have been implicated in disease states such as oncology, metabolic disorders and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, natural peptides have been exploited as diagnostic and therapeutic agents due to the unique target specificity for their endogenous receptors. This review discusses a variety of natural peptides highlighting their discovery, endogenous receptors, as well as their derivatization to create molecular imaging agents, with an emphasis on the design of radiolabelled peptides. This review also highlights methods for discovering new and novel peptides when knowledge of specific targets and endogenous ligands are not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Charron
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
| | - J L Hickey
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
| | - T K Nsiama
- London Regional Cancer Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Canada
| | - D R Cruickshank
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
| | - W L Turnbull
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
| | - L G Luyt
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada. and Departments of Oncology and Medical Imaging, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada and London Regional Cancer Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Canada
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8
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Silva F, Fernandes C, Campello MPC, Paulo A. Metal complexes of tridentate tripod ligands in medical imaging and therapy. Polyhedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2016.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Zhang C, Zhang Z, Lin KS, Pan J, Dude I, Hundal-Jabal N, Colpo N, Bénard F. Preclinical Melanoma Imaging with 68Ga-Labeled α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone Derivatives Using PET. Theranostics 2017; 7:805-813. [PMID: 28382155 PMCID: PMC5381245 DOI: 10.7150/thno.17117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that melanoma accounted for 76,380 new cases and 10,130 deaths in the United States in 2016. The melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) is highly expressed in the vast majority of melanomas, which makes it an attractive target for molecular imaging and radionuclide therapy. Lactam bridge-cyclized α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (Ac-Nle4-cyclo[Asp5-His-D-Phe7-Arg-Trp-Lys10]-NH2, or Nle-CycMSHhex) analogues have been successfully developed and studied for MC1R-targeted imaging, predominantly with single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). The goal of this study was to design and evaluate novel peptides for melanoma imaging with positron emission tomography (PET). We designed and synthesized three peptides, DOTA-PEG2-Nle-CycMSHhex (CCZ01047), DOTA-4-amino-(1-carboxymethyl) piperidine (Pip)-Nle-CycMSHhex (CCZ01048), and DOTA-Pip-Pip-Nle-CycMSHhex (CCZ01056). All three peptides exhibited high binding affinity to MC1R with sub-nanomolar Ki values, rapid internalization into B16F10 melanoma cells and high in vivo stability with more than 93% remaining intact at 15 min post-injection (p.i.) in blood plasma. All three 68Ga-labeled tracers produced high contrast PET images in C57BL/6J mice bearing B16F10 tumors, and their respective tumor uptakes were 8.0 ± 3.0, 12.3 ± 3.3, and 6.5 ± 1.4 %ID/g at 1 h p.i. Minimal normal organ activity was observed at 1 h p.i., except for kidneys (5.1 ± 1.4, 4.7 ± 0.5, and 6.2 ± 2.0 %ID/g, respectively), and thyroid (4.1 ± 0.6 %ID/g for CCZ01047 and 2.4 ± 0.6 %ID/g for CCZ01048). Due to high accumulation at tumor sites and rapid background clearance of 68Ga-CCZ01048, we further evaluated it at 2 h p.i., and a tumor uptake of 21.9 ± 4.6 %ID/g was observed, with background activity further decreased. Exceptional image contrast was also achieved, i.e. tumor-to-blood, tumor-to-muscle, tumor-to-bone and tumor-to-kidney ratios were 96.4 ± 13.9, 210.9 ± 20.9, 39.6 ± 11.9 and 4.0 ± 0.9, respectively. A blocking study was also performed by co-injection of excess amount of non-radioactive Ga-coupled of CCZ01048, which confirmed that the tumor uptake was MC1R mediated. In conclusion, the introduction of a cationic Pip linker to Nle-CycMSHhex, CCZ01048, not only improved tumor uptake, but also generated high tumor-to-normal tissue contrast with PET imaging in a preclinical melanoma model. Therefore, CCZ01048 is a promising candidate for PET imaging of melanoma, and potentially as a theranostic agent for radionuclide therapy of melanoma when labeled with α or β emitters.
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Carta D, Salvarese N, Morellato N, Gao F, Sihver W, Pietzsch HJ, Biondi B, Ruzza P, Refosco F, Carpanese D, Rosato A, Bolzati C. Melanoma targeting with [ 99mTc(N)(PNP3)]-labeled α-melanocyte stimulating hormone peptide analogs: Effects of cyclization on the radiopharmaceutical properties. Nucl Med Biol 2016; 43:788-801. [PMID: 27694057 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2016.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of cyclization on the biological profile of a [99mTc(N)(PNP3)]-labeled α-melanocyte stimulating hormone peptide analog. A lactam bridge-cyclized H-Cys-Ahx-βAla3-c[Lys4-Glu-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Glu10]-Arg11-Pro-Val-NH2 (NAP-NS2) and the corresponding linear H-Cys-Ahx-βAla-Nle-Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gly-NH2 (NAP-NS1) peptide were synthetized, characterized by ESI-MS spectroscopy and their melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) binding affinity was determined in B16/F10 melanoma cells. The consistent [99mTc(N)(PNP3)]-labeled compounds were readily obtained in high specific activity and their stability and biological properties were assessed. As an example, the chemical identity of [99mTc(N)(NAP-NS1)(PNP3)]+ was confirmed by carrier added experiments supported by radio/UV HPLC analysis combined with ESI(+)-MS. Compared with the linear peptide, cyclization negatively affected the biological properties of NAP-NS2 peptide by reducing its binding affinity for MC1R and by decreasing the overall excretion rate of the corresponding [99mTc(N)(PNP3)]-labeled peptide from the body as well as its in vivo stability. [99mTc(N)(NAP-NS1)(PNP3)]+ was evaluated for its potential as melanoma imaging probe in murine melanoma model. Data from in vitro and in vivo studies on B16/F10 melanoma model of [99mTc(N)(NAP-NS1)(PNP3)]+ clearly evidenced that the radiolabeled linear peptide keeps its biological properties up on the conjugation to the [99mTc(N)(PNP3)]-building block. The progressive increase of the tumor-to-nontarget ratios over the time indicates a quite stable interaction between the radio-complex and the MC1R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Carta
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | | | - Nicolò Morellato
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Feng Gao
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Wiebke Sihver
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hans Jurgen Pietzsch
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Debora Carpanese
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Gastroenterologiche, University of Padova, Via Gattamelata, 64, 35138 Padova
| | - Antonio Rosato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Gastroenterologiche, University of Padova, Via Gattamelata, 64, 35138 Padova,; Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV-IRCCS, Via Gattamelata, 64, 35128 Padova, Italy
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11
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Liu L, Xu J, Yang J, Feng C, Miao Y. Imaging human melanoma using a novel Tc-99m-labeled lactam bridge-cyclized alpha-MSH peptide. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:4724-4728. [PMID: 27568083 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the human melanoma targeting property of (99m)Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-AocNle-CycMSHhex {hydrazinonicotinamide-8-aminooctanoic acid-Nle-c[Asp-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-Lys]-CONH2} was determined in M21 human melanoma-xenografts to demonstrate its potential for human melanoma imaging. The IC50 value of HYNIC-AocNle-CycMSHhex was 0.48±0.01nM in M21 human melanoma cells (1281receptors/cell). The M21 human melanoma uptake of (99m)Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-AocNle-CycMSHhex was 4.03±1.25, 3.26±1.23 and 3.36±1.48%ID/g at 0.5, 2 and 4h post-injection, respectively. Approximately 92% of injected dose cleared out the body via urinary system at 2h post-injection. (99m)Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-AocNle-CycMSHhex showed high tumor/blood, tumor/muscle and tumor/skin uptake ratios after 2h post-injection. The M21 human melanoma-xenografted tumor lesions were clearly visualized by SPECT/CT using (99m)Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-AocNle-CycMSHhex as an imaging probe at 2h post-injection. Overall, (99m)Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-AocNle-CycMSHhex exhibited favorable human melanoma imaging property, highlighting its potential as an imaging probe for human metastatic melanoma detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Jingli Xu
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jianquan Yang
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Changjian Feng
- College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Yubin Miao
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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12
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Zarschler K, Rocks L, Licciardello N, Boselli L, Polo E, Garcia KP, De Cola L, Stephan H, Dawson KA. Ultrasmall inorganic nanoparticles: State-of-the-art and perspectives for biomedical applications. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 12:1663-701. [PMID: 27013135 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasmall nanoparticulate materials with core sizes in the 1-3nm range bridge the gap between single molecules and classical, larger-sized nanomaterials, not only in terms of spatial dimension, but also as regards physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties. Due to these unique properties, ultrasmall nanoparticles appear to be promising materials for nanomedicinal applications. This review overviews the different synthetic methods of inorganic ultrasmall nanoparticles as well as their properties, characterization, surface modification and toxicity. We moreover summarize the current state of knowledge regarding pharmacokinetics, biodistribution and targeting of nanoscale materials. Aside from addressing the issue of biomolecular corona formation and elaborating on the interactions of ultrasmall nanoparticles with individual cells, we discuss the potential diagnostic, therapeutic and theranostic applications of ultrasmall nanoparticles in the emerging field of nanomedicine in the final part of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristof Zarschler
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Louise Rocks
- Centre For BioNano Interactions (CBNI), School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Nadia Licciardello
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, Dresden, Germany; Laboratoire de Chimie et des Biomatériaux Supramoléculaires, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), 8 allée Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg, France; Institut für Nanotechnologie (INT), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) Campus North, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Luca Boselli
- Centre For BioNano Interactions (CBNI), School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Ester Polo
- Centre For BioNano Interactions (CBNI), School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Karina Pombo Garcia
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, Dresden, Germany
| | - Luisa De Cola
- Laboratoire de Chimie et des Biomatériaux Supramoléculaires, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), 8 allée Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg, France; Institut für Nanotechnologie (INT), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) Campus North, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Holger Stephan
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kenneth A Dawson
- Centre For BioNano Interactions (CBNI), School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Gao F, Sihver W, Jurischka C, Bergmann R, Haase-Kohn C, Mosch B, Steinbach J, Carta D, Bolzati C, Calderan A, Pietzsch J, Pietzsch HJ. Radiopharmacological characterization of ⁶⁴Cu-labeled α-MSH analogs for potential use in imaging of malignant melanoma. Amino Acids 2016; 48:833-847. [PMID: 26643502 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-015-2131-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) plays an important role in melanoma growth, angiogenesis and metastasis, and is overexpressed in melanoma cells. α-Melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) and derivatives are known to bind with high affinity at this receptor that provides the potential for selective targeting of melanoma. In this study, one linear α-MSH-derived peptide Nle-Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gly-NH2 (NAP-NS1) without linker and with εAhx-β-Ala linker, and a cyclic α-MSH derivative, [Lys-Glu-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Glu]-Arg-Pro-Val-NH2 (NAP-NS2) with εAhx-β-Ala linker were conjugated with p-SCN-Bn-NOTA and labeled with (64)Cu. Radiochemical and radiopharmacological investigations were performed with regard to transchelation, stability, lipophilicity and in vitro binding assays as well as biodistribution in healthy rats. No transchelation reactions, but high metabolic stability and water solubility were demonstrated. The linear derivatives showed higher affinity than the cyclic one. [(64)Cu]Cu-NOTA-εAhx-β-Ala-NAP-NS1 ([(64)Cu]Cu-2) displayed rapid cellular association and dissociation in murine B16F10 cell homogenate. All [(64)Cu]Cu-labeled conjugates exhibited affinities in the low nanomolar range in B16F10. [(64)Cu]Cu-2 showed also high affinity in human MeWo and TXM13 cell homogenate. In vivo studies suggested that [(64)Cu]Cu-2 was stable, with about 85 % of intact peptide in rat plasma at 2 h p.i. Biodistribution confirmed the renal pathway as the major elimination route. The uptake of [(64)Cu]Cu-2 in the kidney was 5.9 % ID/g at 5 min p.i. and decreased to 2.0 % ID/g at 60 min p.i. Due to the prospective radiochemical and radiopharmacological properties of the linear α-MSH derivative [(64)Cu]Cu-2, this conjugate is a promising candidate for tracer development in human melanoma imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Wiebke Sihver
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Christoph Jurischka
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Cottbus, Germany
| | - Ralf Bergmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Cathleen Haase-Kohn
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Birgit Mosch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jörg Steinbach
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Davide Carta
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | | | | | - Jens Pietzsch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Pietzsch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
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Development of a (99m)Tc-labeled lactam bridge-cyclized alpha-MSH derivative peptide as a possible single photon imaging agent for melanoma tumors. Ann Nucl Med 2015; 29:709-20. [PMID: 26152564 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-015-0998-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Melanocortin-1 (MC1) receptor is an attractive melanoma-specific target which has been used for melanoma imaging and therapy. In this work, a new lactam bridge α-MSH analog was labeled with (99m)Tc via HYNIC and EDDA/tricine as coligands including gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) as a three carbon chain spacer between HYNIC and the N-terminus of the cyclic peptide. Also, stability in human serum, receptor bound internalization, in vivo tumor uptake, and tissue biodistribution were thoroughly investigated. METHODS HYNIC-GABA-Nle-CycMSHhept was synthesized using a standard Fmoc strategy. Labeling was performed at 95 °C and analysis involved instant thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography methods. The receptor bound internalization rate was studied in MC1 receptor expressing B16/F10 cells. Biodistribution of radiopeptide was studied in nude mice bearing B16/F10 tumor. RESULTS Labeling yield of >98 % (n = 3) was obtained corresponding to a specific activity of 81 MBq/nmol. Peptide conjugate showed efficient stability in the presence of human serum. The radioligand showed specific internalization into B16/F10 cells (12.45 ± 1.1 % at 4 h). In biodistribution studies, a receptor-specific uptake was observed in MC1 receptor-positive organs so that after 2 h the uptake in mouse tumor was 5.10 ± 0.08 % ID/g, while low accumulation in the kidney uptake was observed (4.58 ± 0.68 % ID/g at 2 h after injection). CONCLUSIONS The obtained results show that the presented new designed labeled peptide conjugate may be a suitable candidate for diagnosis of malignant tumors.
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15
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Guo H, Miao Y. Introduction of an 8-aminooctanoic acid linker enhances uptake of 99mTc-labeled lactam bridge-cyclized α-MSH peptide in melanoma. J Nucl Med 2014; 55:2057-63. [PMID: 25453052 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.114.145896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of amino acid, hydrocarbon, and polyethylene glycol (PEG) linkers on the melanoma targeting and imaging properties of (99m)Tc-labeled lactam bridge-cyclized HYNIC-linker-Nle-CycMSHhex (hydrazinonicotinamide-linker-Nle-c[Asp-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-Lys]-CONH2) peptides. METHODS Four novel peptides (HYNIC-GGGNle-CycMSHhex, HYNIC-GSGNle-CycMSHhex, HYNIC-PEG2Nle-CycMSHhex, and HYNIC-AocNle-CycMSHhex) were designed and synthesized. The melanocortin-1 receptor binding affinities of the peptides were determined in B16/F1 melanoma cells. The biodistribution of (99m)Tc(ethylenediaminediacetic acid [EDDA])-HYNIC-GGGNle-CycMSHhex, (99m)Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-GSGNle-CycMSHhex, (99m)Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-PEG2Nle-CycMSHhex, and (99m)Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-AocNle-CycMSHhex were determined in B16/F1 melanoma-bearing C57 mice at 2 h after injection to select a lead peptide for further evaluation. The melanoma targeting and imaging properties of (99m)Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-AocNle-CycMSHhex were further examined because of its high melanoma uptake. RESULTS The inhibitory concentrations of 50% (IC50) for HYNIC-GGGNle-CycMSHhex, HYNIC-GSGNle-CycMSHhex, HYNIC-PEG2Nle-CycMSHhex, and HYNIC-AocNle-CycMSHhex were 0.7 ± 0.1, 0.8 ± 0.09, 0.4 ± 0.08, and 0.3 ± 0.06 nM, respectively, in B16/F1 melanoma cells. Among these four (99m)Tc-labeled peptides, (99m)Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-AocNle-CycMSHhex displayed the highest melanoma uptake (22.3 ± 1.72 percentage injected dose/g) at 2 h after injection. (99m)Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-AocNle-CycMSHhex exhibited high tumor-to-normal-organ uptake ratios except for the kidneys. The tumor-to-kidney uptake ratios of (99m)Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-AocNle-CycMSHhex were 3.29, 3.63, and 6.78 at 2, 4, and 24 h, respectively, after injection. The melanoma lesions were clearly visualized by SPECT/CT using (99m)Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-AocNle-CycMSHhex as an imaging probe at 2 h after injection. CONCLUSION High melanoma uptake and fast urinary clearance of (99m)Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-AocNle-CycMSHhex highlighted its potential for metastatic melanoma detection in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixun Guo
- College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Yubin Miao
- College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico Cancer Research and Treatment Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico; and Department of Dermatology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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16
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Kharissova OV, Méndez-Rojas MA, Kharisov BI, Méndez UO, Martínez PE. Metal complexes containing natural and and artificial radioactive elements and their applications. Molecules 2014; 19:10755-802. [PMID: 25061724 PMCID: PMC6272025 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190810755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances (during the 2007–2014 period) in the coordination and organometallic chemistry of compounds containing natural and artificially prepared radionuclides (actinides and technetium), are reviewed. Radioactive isotopes of naturally stable elements are not included for discussion in this work. Actinide and technetium complexes with O-, N-, N,O, N,S-, P-containing ligands, as well π-organometallics are discussed from the view point of their synthesis, properties, and main applications. On the basis of their properties, several mono-, bi-, tri-, tetra- or polydentate ligands have been designed for specific recognition of some particular radionuclides, and can be used in the processes of nuclear waste remediation, i.e., recycling of nuclear fuel and the separation of actinides and fission products from waste solutions or for analytical determination of actinides in solutions; actinide metal complexes are also usefulas catalysts forcoupling gaseous carbon monoxide, as well as antimicrobial and anti-fungi agents due to their biological activity. Radioactive labeling based on the short-lived metastable nuclide technetium-99m (99mTc) for biomedical use as heart, lung, kidney, bone, brain, liver or cancer imaging agents is also discussed. Finally, the promising applications of technetium labeling of nanomaterials, with potential applications as drug transport and delivery vehicles, radiotherapeutic agents or radiotracers for monitoring metabolic pathways, are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oxana V Kharissova
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ciudad Universitaria, Monterrey, N.L. C.P. 66450, Mexico
| | - Miguel A Méndez-Rojas
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, Sta. Catarina Mártir, Cholula, Puebla. C.P. 72810, Mexico
| | - Boris I Kharisov
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ciudad Universitaria, Monterrey, N.L. C.P. 66450, Mexico.
| | - Ubaldo Ortiz Méndez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ciudad Universitaria, Monterrey, N.L. C.P. 66450, Mexico
| | - Perla Elizondo Martínez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ciudad Universitaria, Monterrey, N.L. C.P. 66450, Mexico
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Barandov A, Grünstein D, Apostolova I, Buchert R, Roger M, Brenner W, Abram U, Seeberger PH. A new bifunctional chelator enables facile biocoupling and radiolabeling as the basis for a bioconjugation kit. Chembiochem 2014; 15:986-94. [PMID: 24723504 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201400001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A new tridentate bifunctional chelator, N-(-2-picolyl)(-4-hydroxy)(-3-amino)benzoic acid (PHAB), was designed to efficiently coordinate the [(99m)Tc(CO)3](+) core and facilitate coupling reactions to biomolecules. The chelator can be procured in the form of the corresponding benzotriazole ester (PHAB-OBT), which can be stored and used as a bioconjugation kit. PHAB-OBT reacts with modified carbohydrates with high selectivity and efficiency in a single step in both aqueous and organic media. As is desirable for a kit, no complicated chemical bench work is required. Glycoconjugate postlabeling resulted in neutral radiolabeled glycans with high radiochemical yields. Prelabeling approaches were assessed by successive reaction of PHAB-OBT with the [(99m)Tc(CO)3](+) core and a modified galactose model. The radiolabeled galactose was obtained in 84% yield as defined by HPLC analysis. Biodistribution of the radioactive (99m)Tc-labeled chelator, as well as the glycoconjugates, were examined in mice. Noticeably different biodistribution patterns were observed that reflect trends in the uptake of carbohydrate analogues by various organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Barandov
- Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam (Germany); Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin (Germany)
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18
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Kasten BB, Ma X, Liu H, Hayes TR, Barnes CL, Qi S, Cheng K, Bottorff SC, Slocumb WS, Wang J, Cheng Z, Benny PD. Clickable, hydrophilic ligand for fac-[M(I)(CO)3](+) (M = Re/(99m)Tc) applied in an S-functionalized α-MSH peptide. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 25:579-92. [PMID: 24568284 PMCID: PMC3983144 DOI: 10.1021/bc5000115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The copper(I)-catalyzed azide–alkyne
cycloaddition (CuAAC)
click reaction was used to incorporate alkyne-functionalized dipicolylamine
(DPA) ligands (1 and 3) for fac-[MI(CO)3]+ (M = Re/99mTc) complexation into an α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH)
peptide analogue. A novel DPA ligand with carboxylate substitutions
on the pyridyl rings (3) was designed to increase the
hydrophilicity and to decrease in vivo hepatobiliary retention of fac-[99mTcI(CO)3]+ complexes used in single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)
imaging studies with targeting biomolecules. The fac-[ReI(CO)3(3)] complex (4) was used for chemical characterization and X-ray crystal
analysis prior to radiolabeling studies between 3 and fac-[99mTcI(OH2)3(CO)3]+. The corresponding 99mTc
complex (4a) was obtained in high radiochemical yields,
was stable in vitro for 24 h during amino acid challenge and serum
stability assays, and showed increased hydrophilicity by log P analysis compared to an analogous complex with nonfunctionalized
pyridine rings (2a). An α-MSH peptide functionalized
with an azide was labeled with fac-[MI(CO)3]+ using both click, then chelate (CuAAC reaction with 1 or 3 followed by
metal complexation) and chelate, then click (metal
complexation of 1 and 3 followed by CuAAC
with the peptide) strategies to assess the effects of CuAAC conditions
on fac-[MI(CO)3]+ complexation within a peptide framework. The peptides from the click, then chelate strategy had different HPLC tR’s and in vitro stabilities compared
to those from the chelate, then click strategy, suggesting
nonspecific coordination of fac-[MI(CO)3]+ using this synthetic route. The fac-[MI(CO)3]+-complexed peptides from
the chelate, then click strategy showed >90% stability
during in vitro challenge conditions for 6 h, demonstrated high affinity
and specificity for the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) in IC50 analyses, and led to moderately high uptake in B16F10 melanoma cells.
Log P analysis of the 99mTc-labeled peptides
confirmed the enhanced hydrophilicity of the peptide bearing the novel,
carboxylate-functionalized DPA chelate (10a′)
compared to the peptide with the unmodified DPA chelate (9a′). In vivo biodistribution analysis of 9a′ and 10a′ showed moderate tumor uptake in a B16F10 melanoma
xenograft mouse model with enhanced renal uptake and surprising intestinal
uptake for 10a′ compared to predominantly hepatic
accumulation for 9a′. These results, coupled with
the versatility of CuAAC, suggests this novel, hydrophilic chelate
can be incorporated into numerous biomolecules containing azides for
generating targeted fac-[MI(CO)3]+ complexes in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin B Kasten
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University , Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
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Morais M, Paulo A, Gano L, Santos I, Correia JD. Target-specific Tc(CO)3-complexes for in vivo imaging. J Organomet Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2013.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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20
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Yang J, Liu L, Miao Y. Effects of the Arg-Pro and Gly-Gly-Nle Moieties on Melanocortin-1 Receptor Binding Affinities of α-MSH Peptides. ACS Med Chem Lett 2013; 4. [PMID: 24349641 DOI: 10.1021/ml400309u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the -Arg-Pro-(RP) and -Gly-Gly-Nle- (GGNle) moieties on the melanoma targeting and clearance properties of 99mTc-peptides. We synthesized four new peptides {Ac-GGNle-CCEHdFRWC-NH2, Ac-GGNle-CCEHdFRWCRP-NH2, Ac-CCEHdFRWC-NleGG-NH2 and Ac-CCEHdFRWCRP-NleGG-NH2} and determined their melanocortin-1 (MC1) receptor binding affinities in B16/F1 melanoma cells. Then we further examined the biodistribution properties of 99mTc-Ac-GGNle-CCEHdFRWCRP-NH2 and 99mTc-Ac-CCEHdFRWCRP-NleGG-NH2 in B16/F1 melanoma-bearing C57 mice. Overall, the Arg-Pro motif was critical for retaining low nanomolar MC1 receptor binding affinity. The deletion of the -RP- moiety dramatically reduced the receptor binding affinities of the peptides. The N-terminus was a better position than C-terminus for the -GGNle- moiety in retaining the lower renal and liver uptake. High melanoma uptake coupled with fast urinary clearance of 99mTc-Ac-GGNle-CCEHdFRWCRP-NH2 provided a new insight into the design of new α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianquan Yang
- College of Pharmacy, ‡Cancer Research
and Treatment Center, §Department of Dermatology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Liqin Liu
- College of Pharmacy, ‡Cancer Research
and Treatment Center, §Department of Dermatology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Yubin Miao
- College of Pharmacy, ‡Cancer Research
and Treatment Center, §Department of Dermatology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
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21
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Morais M, Oliveira BL, Correia JDG, Oliveira MC, Jiménez MA, Santos I, Raposinho PD. Influence of the Bifunctional Chelator on the Pharmacokinetic Properties of 99mTc(CO)3-Labeled Cyclic α-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone Analog. J Med Chem 2013; 56:1961-73. [DOI: 10.1021/jm301647t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maurício Morais
- Unidade de Ciências Químicas
e Radiofarmacêuticas, IST/ITN, Instituto Superior Técnico,
Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2686-953,
Sacavém, Portugal
| | - Bruno L. Oliveira
- Unidade de Ciências Químicas
e Radiofarmacêuticas, IST/ITN, Instituto Superior Técnico,
Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2686-953,
Sacavém, Portugal
| | - João D. G. Correia
- Unidade de Ciências Químicas
e Radiofarmacêuticas, IST/ITN, Instituto Superior Técnico,
Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2686-953,
Sacavém, Portugal
| | - Maria Cristina Oliveira
- Unidade de Ciências Químicas
e Radiofarmacêuticas, IST/ITN, Instituto Superior Técnico,
Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2686-953,
Sacavém, Portugal
| | - Maria Angeles Jiménez
- Instituto de Química
Física Rocasolano, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
(CSIC), Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Santos
- Unidade de Ciências Químicas
e Radiofarmacêuticas, IST/ITN, Instituto Superior Técnico,
Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2686-953,
Sacavém, Portugal
| | - Paula D. Raposinho
- Unidade de Ciências Químicas
e Radiofarmacêuticas, IST/ITN, Instituto Superior Técnico,
Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2686-953,
Sacavém, Portugal
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22
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Guo H, Gallazzi F, Miao Y. Design and evaluation of new Tc-99m-labeled lactam bridge-cyclized alpha-MSH peptides for melanoma imaging. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:1400-8. [PMID: 23418722 DOI: 10.1021/mp3006984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the melanoma targeting and imaging properties of new (99m)Tc-labeled lactam bridge-cyclized alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) peptides using bifunctional chelating agents. MAG3-GGNle-CycMSH(hex), AcCG3-GGNle-CycMSH(hex), and HYNIC-GGNle-CycMSH(hex) peptides were synthesized, and their melanocortin-1 (MC1) receptor binding affinities were determined in B16/F1 melanoma cells. The biodistribution of (99m)Tc-MAG3-GGNle-CycMSH(hex), (99m)Tc-AcCG3-GGNle-CycMSH(hex), (99m)Tc(CO)3-HYNIC-GGNle-CycMSH(hex), and (99m)Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-GGNle-CycMSH(hex) were determined in B16/F1 melanoma-bearing C57 mice at 2 h postinjection to select a lead peptide for further evaluation. The melanoma targeting and imaging properties of (99m)Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-GGNle-CycMSH(hex) were further examined because of its high melanoma uptake and fast urinary clearance. The IC50 values of MAG3-GGNle-CycMSH(hex), AcCG3-GGNle-CycMSH(hex), and HYNIC-GGNle-CycMSH(hex) were 1.0 ± 0.05, 1.2 ± 0.19, and 0.6 ± 0.04 nM in B16/F1 melanoma cells, respectively. Among these four (99m)Tc-peptides, (99m)Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-GGNle-CycMSH(hex) exhibited the highest melanoma uptake (14.14 ± 4.90% ID/g) and fastest urinary clearance (91.26 ± 1.96% ID) at 2 h postinjection. (99m)Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-GGNle-CycMSH(hex) showed high tumor to normal organ uptake ratios except for the kidneys. The tumor/kidney uptake ratios of (99m)Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-GGNle-CycMSH(hex) were 2.50 and 3.55 at 4 and 24 h postinjection. The melanoma lesions were clearly visualized by SPECT/CT using (99m)Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-GGNle-CycMSH(hex) as an imaging probe at 2 h postinjection. Overall, high melanoma uptake coupled with fast urinary clearance of (99m)Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-GGNle-CycMSH(hex) highlighted its potential for metastatic melanoma detection in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixun Guo
- College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
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Guo H, Miao Y. Melanoma targeting property of a Lu-177-labeled lactam bridge-cyclized alpha-MSH peptide. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:2319-23. [PMID: 23473679 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.02.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2013] [Revised: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the melanoma targeting property of (177)Lu-DOTA-GGNle-CycMSHhex in B16/F1 melanoma-bearing C57 mice. (177)Lu-DOTA-GGNle-CycMSHhex exhibited high receptor-mediated melanoma uptake and fast urinary clearance. The tumor uptake of (177)Lu-DOTA-GGNle-CycMSHhex was 20.25 ± 4.59 and 21.63 ± 6.27% ID/g at 0.5 and 2h post-injection, respectively. Approximately 83% of injected dose cleared out the body via urinary system at 2h post-injection. (177)Lu-DOTA-GGNle-CycMSHhex showed high tumor to normal organ uptake ratios except for the kidneys. The tumor/kidney uptake ratios of (177)Lu-DOTA-GGNle-CycMSHhex were 2.76 and 1.74 at 2 and 24h post-injection. The melanoma lesions were clearly visualized by SPECT/CT using (177)Lu-DOTA-GGNle-CycMSHhex as an imaging probe at 2h post-injection. Overall, high melanoma uptake coupled with fast urinary clearance of (177)Lu-DOTA-GGNle-CycMSHhex underscored its potential for melanoma treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixun Guo
- College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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Jiang H, Kasten BB, Liu H, Qi S, Liu Y, Tian M, Barnes CL, Zhang H, Cheng Z, Benny PD. Novel, cysteine-modified chelation strategy for the incorporation of [M(I)(CO)(3)](+) (M = Re, (99m)Tc) in an α-MSH peptide. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:2300-12. [PMID: 23110503 DOI: 10.1021/bc300509k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Engineering peptide-based targeting agents with residues for site-specific and stable complexation of radionuclides is a highly desirable strategy for producing diagnostic and therapeutic agents for cancer and other diseases. In this report, a model N-S-N(Py) ligand (3) and a cysteine-derived α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) peptide (6) were used as novel demonstrations of a widely applicable chelation strategy for incorporation of the [M(I)(CO)(3)](+) (M = Re, (99m)Tc) core into peptide-based molecules for radiopharmaceutical applications. The structural details of the core ligand-metal complexes as model systems were demonstrated by full chemical characterization of fac-[Re(I)(CO)(3)(N,S,N(Py)-3)](+) (4) and comparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis between 4 and [(99m)Tc(I)(CO)(3)(N,S,N(Py)-3)](+) (4a). The α-MSH analogue bearing the N-S-N(Py) chelate on a modified cysteine residue (6) was generated and complexed with [M(I)(CO)(3)](+) to confirm the chelation strategy's utility when applied in a peptide-based targeting agent. Characterization of the Re(I)(CO)(3)-6 peptide conjugate (7) confirmed the efficient incorporation of the metal center, and the (99m)Tc(I)(CO)(3)-6 analogue (7a) was explored as a potential single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) compound for imaging the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) in melanoma. Peptide 7a showed excellent radiolabeling yields and in vitro stability during amino acid challenge and serum stability assays. In vitro B16F10 melanoma cell uptake of 7a reached a modest value of 2.3 ± 0.08% of applied activity at 2 h at 37 °C, while this uptake was significantly reduced by coincubation with a nonlabeled α-MSH analogue, NAPamide (3.2 μM) (P < 0.05). In vivo SPECT/X-ray computed tomography (SPECT/CT) imaging and biodistribution of 7a were evaluated in a B16F10 melanoma xenografted mouse model. SPECT/CT imaging clearly visualized the tumor at 1 h post injection (p.i.) with high tumor-to-background contrast. Blocking studies with coinjected NAPamide (10 mg per kg of mouse body weight) confirmed the in vivo specificity of 7a for MC1R-positive tumors. Biodistribution results with 7a yielded a moderate tumor uptake of 1.20 ± 0.09 percentage of the injected radioactive dose per gram of tissue (% ID/g) at 1 h p.i. Relatively high uptake of 7a was also seen in the kidneys and liver at 1 h p.i. (6.55 ± 0.36% ID/g and 4.44 ± 0.17% ID/g, respectively), although reduced kidney uptake was seen at 4 h p.i. (3.20 ± 0.48% ID/g). These results demonstrate the utility of the novel [M(I)(CO)(3)](+) chelation strategy when applied in a targeting peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Jiang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang University, Center of Excellence in Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang State, Hangzhou, 310009, China
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Morais M, Raposinho PD, Oliveira MC, Correia JDG, Santos I. Evaluation of novel 99mTc(I)-labeled homobivalent α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone analogs for melanocortin-1 receptor targeting. J Biol Inorg Chem 2012; 17:491-505. [PMID: 22286955 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-011-0871-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Aiming to apply the multivalency concept to melanoma imaging, we have assessed the in vivo melanocortin type 1 receptor (MC1R)-targeting properties of (99m)Tc(I)-labeled homobivalent peptide conjugates which contain copies of the α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) analog [Ac-Nle(4), Asp(5), D-Phe(7), Lys(11)]α-MSH4-11 separated by linkers of different length (L(2) nine atoms and L(3) 14 atoms). The MC1R-binding affinity of L(2) and L(3) is significantly higher than that of the monovalent conjugate L(1). Metallation of these conjugates yielded the complexes fac-[M(CO)(3)(k(3)-L)](+) (M is (99m)Tc/Re; 1/1a, L is L(1); 2/2a, L is L(2); 3/3a, L is L(3)), with IC(50) values in the subnanomolar and nanomolar range. The MC1R-mediated internalization of 2 and 3 is higher than that of 1 in B16F1 melanoma cells. Biodistribution studies in melanoma-bearing mice have shown low nonspecific accumulation with a tumor uptake that correlates with IC(50) values. However, no correlation between tumor uptake and valency was found. Nevertheless, 2 displayed the highest tumor retention, and the best tumor to nontarget organ ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurício Morais
- Unidade de Ciências Químicas e Radiofarmacêuticas, ITN, Estrada Nacional 10, 2686-953 Sacavém, Portugal
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Morais M, Raposinho PD, Oliveira MC, Pantoja-Uceda D, Jiménez MA, Santos I, Correia JDG. NMR Structural Analysis of MC1R-Targeted Rhenium(I) Metallopeptides and Biological Evaluation of 99mTc(I) Congeners. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om300502n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maurício Morais
- Unidade de Ciências Quı́micas
e Radiofarmacêuticas, ITN, Instituto Superior
Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2686-953, Sacavém, Portugal
| | - Paula D. Raposinho
- Unidade de Ciências Quı́micas
e Radiofarmacêuticas, ITN, Instituto Superior
Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2686-953, Sacavém, Portugal
| | - Maria Cristina Oliveira
- Unidade de Ciências Quı́micas
e Radiofarmacêuticas, ITN, Instituto Superior
Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2686-953, Sacavém, Portugal
| | - David Pantoja-Uceda
- Instituto de Quı́mica Fı́sica Rocasolano, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Angeles Jiménez
- Instituto de Quı́mica Fı́sica Rocasolano, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Santos
- Unidade de Ciências Quı́micas
e Radiofarmacêuticas, ITN, Instituto Superior
Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2686-953, Sacavém, Portugal
| | - João D. G. Correia
- Unidade de Ciências Quı́micas
e Radiofarmacêuticas, ITN, Instituto Superior
Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2686-953, Sacavém, Portugal
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Morais GR, Paulo A, Santos I. Organometallic Complexes for SPECT Imaging and/or Radionuclide Therapy. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om300501d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Goreti Ribeiro Morais
- Unidade de Ciências
Quı́micas e Radiofarmacêuticas, Instituto
Tecnológico e Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional
10, 2686-953, Sacavém, Portugal
| | - António Paulo
- Unidade de Ciências
Quı́micas e Radiofarmacêuticas, Instituto
Tecnológico e Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional
10, 2686-953, Sacavém, Portugal
| | - Isabel Santos
- Unidade de Ciências
Quı́micas e Radiofarmacêuticas, Instituto
Tecnológico e Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional
10, 2686-953, Sacavém, Portugal
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Ong S, Bowling J. Melanotan-associated melanomain situ. Australas J Dermatol 2012; 53:301-2. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-0960.2012.00915.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suyin Ong
- Department of Dermatology; Churchill Hospital; Oxford; UK
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Guo H, Gallazzi F, Miao Y. Gallium-67-labeled lactam bridge-cyclized alpha-MSH peptides with enhanced melanoma uptake and reduced renal uptake. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:1341-8. [PMID: 22621181 DOI: 10.1021/bc300191z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the melanoma targeting and pharmacokinetic properties of (67)Ga-DOTA-GGNle-CycMSHhex {(67)Ga-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclononane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid-Gly-Gly-Nle-c[Asp-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-Lys]-CONH2} and (67)Ga-NOTA-GGNle-CycMSHhex {(67)Ga-1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid-Gly-Gly-Nle-c[Asp-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-Lys]-CONH2} and compare with (67)Ga-DOTA-GlyGlu-CycMSH {(67)Ga-DOTA-Gly-Glu-c[Lys-Nle-Glu-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-Gly-Arg-Pro-Val-Asp]} we previously reported. DOTA-GGNle-CycMSHhex and NOTA-GGNle-CycMSHhex were synthesized using fluorenylmethyloxy carbonyl (Fmoc) chemistry. The melanocortin-1 (MC1) receptor binding affinity of NOTA-GGNle-CycMSHhex was determined in B16/F1 melanoma cells and compared with DOTA-GGNle-CycMSHhex. The melanoma targeting and pharmacokinetic properties of (67)Ga-NOTA-GGNle-CycMSHhex and (67)Ga-DOTA-GGNle-CycMSHhex were determined in B16/F1 melanoma-bearing C57 mice. NOTA-GGNle-CycMSHhex and DOTA-GGNle-CycMSHhex displayed comparable MC1 receptor binding affinities (1.6 vs 2.1 nM) in B16/F1 melanoma cells. Both (67)Ga-NOTA-GGNle-CycMSHhex and (67)Ga-DOTA-GGNle-CycMSHhex exhibited dramatically enhanced melanoma uptake and reduced renal uptake than (67)Ga-DOTA-GlyGlu-CycMSH in B16/F1 melanoma-bearing C57 mice. Furthermore, (67)Ga-NOTA-GGNle-CycMSHhex exhibited more favorable radiolabeling conditions (>85% radiolabeling yields started at 37 °C), as well as higher tumor/kidney uptake ratios than (67)Ga-DOTA-GGNle-CycMSHhex at 0.5, 2, and 24 h postinjection. High melanoma uptake coupled with low renal uptake highlighted the potential of (67)Ga-NOTA-GGNle-CycMSHhex for melanoma imaging and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixun Guo
- College of Pharmacy, ‡Cancer Research and Treatment Center, §Department of Dermatology, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
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Raposinho PD, Correia JDG, Oliveira MC, Santos I. Melanocortin-1 receptor-targeting with radiolabeled cyclic α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone analogs for melanoma imaging. Biopolymers 2011; 94:820-9. [PMID: 20564045 DOI: 10.1002/bip.21490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is a type of skin cancer known for its high aggressiveness, early dissemination of metastases, and poor prognosis once metastasized. Thus, early diagnosis of melanoma is a key issue for increasing patient survival. The overexpression of melanocortin-1 receptors (MC1R) in isolated melanoma cells and melanoma tissues led to the radiolabeling of several linear and cyclic MC analogs for melanoma imaging or therapy. Cyclization of α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) peptides has been successfully used to improve binding affinity and in vivo stability of peptides. Herein, we describe the different peptide cyclization strategies recently reported for radiolabeled α-MSH analogs and discuss how such strategies affect MC1R binding affinity, pharmacokinetic profile, and MC1R-melanoma imaging. This review also highlights how the nature of the radiometal and labeling approach influence those properties. Among the cyclized α-MSH peptides reported, (99m)Tc/(111)In-labeled metal-cyclized and lactam bridge-cyclized peptides displayed the highest melanoma and lowest renal uptake values in B16/F1 melanoma-bearing mice and became the most promising tools to be further explored as potential melanoma imaging probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula D Raposinho
- Unidade de Ciências Químicas e Radiofarmacêuticas, ITN, Estrada Nacional 10, 2686-953 Sacavém, Portugal.
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Correia JDG, Paulo A, Raposinho PD, Santos I. Radiometallated peptides for molecular imaging and targeted therapy. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:6144-67. [DOI: 10.1039/c0dt01599g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Guo H, Yang J, Gallazzi F, Miao Y. Reduction of the ring size of radiolabeled lactam bridge-cyclized alpha-MSH peptide, resulting in enhanced melanoma uptake. J Nucl Med 2010; 51:418-26. [PMID: 20150256 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.109.071787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The purpose of this study was to examine the profound effect of the ring size of the radiolabeled lactam bridge-cyclized alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) peptide on its melanoma-targeting properties. METHODS A novel cyclic alpha-MSH peptide, 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid-Nle-c[Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Lys]-CONH(2) (DOTA-Nle-CycMSH(hex)), was synthesized and radiolabeled with (111)In. The melanocortin-1 receptor-binding affinity of DOTA-Nle-CycMSH(hex) was determined in B16/F1 melanoma cells. The internalization and efflux of (111)In-DOTA-Nle-CycMSH(hex) were examined in B16/F1 cells. The melanoma-targeting properties and SPECT/CT characteristics of (111)In-DOTA-Nle-CycMSH(hex) were determined in B16/F1 melanoma-bearing C57 mice. RESULTS DOTA-Nle-CycMSH(hex) displayed 1.77 nM receptor-binding affinity. (111)In-DOTA-Nle-CycMSH(hex) exhibited rapid internalization and extended retention in B16/F1 cells. The tumor uptake of (111)In-DOTA-Nle-CycMSH(hex) was 24.94% +/- 4.58% and 10.53% +/- 1.11% injected dose per gram at 0.5 and 24 h after injection, respectively. Greater than 82% of the injected radioactivity was cleared through the urinary system by 2 h after injection. The tumor-to-kidney uptake ratios reached 2.04 and 1.70 at 2 and 4 h after injection, respectively. Flank melanoma tumors were clearly visualized by SPECT/CT using (111)In-DOTA-Nle-CycMSH(hex) as an imaging probe at 2 and 24 h after injection. The radioactivity accumulation in normal organs, except for the kidneys, was low at 2, 4, and 24 h after injection. CONCLUSION The reduction of the peptide ring size dramatically increased the melanoma uptake and decreased the renal uptake of (111)In-DOTA-Nle-CycMSH(hex), providing a new insight into the design of a novel radiolabeled lactam bridge-cyclized alpha-MSH peptide for melanoma imaging and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixun Guo
- College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
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Nanda PK, Lane SR, Retzloff LB, Pandey US, Smith CJ. Radiolabeled regulatory peptides for imaging and therapy. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2010; 17:69-76. [PMID: 19901831 PMCID: PMC2892114 DOI: 10.1097/med.0b013e32833392ac] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of the present review is to describe new, innovative strategies of diagnosing and treating specific human cancers using a cadre of radiolabeled regulatory peptides. RECENT FINDINGS Peptide receptor-targeted radionuclide therapy is a method of site-directed radiotherapy that specifically targets human cancers expressing a cognate receptor-subtype in very high numbers. Ideally, the procedure targets only the primary or metastatic disease and is minimally invasive, with little radiation damage to normal, collateral tissues. For treatment strategies of this type to be effective, it is critical to evaluate the toxicity of the treatment protocol, the radiation dosimetry of the therapeutic regimen, and the biological profile of the radiopharmaceutical, including biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of the drug. Site-directed molecular imaging procedures via gamma-scintigraphy can address many of the critical issues associated with peptide receptor-targeted radionuclide therapy and it is, therefore, necessary to describe the effective balance between the clinical benefits and risks of this treatment strategy. SUMMARY Continued development in the design or chemical structure of radiolabeled, biologically active peptides could do much to improve the targeting ability of these drugs, thereby creating new and innovative strategies for diagnosis or treatment of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasant K. Nanda
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Stephanie R. Lane
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Lauren B. Retzloff
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Usha S. Pandey
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Charles Jeffrey Smith
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Research Division, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- The Radiopharmaceutical Sciences Institute, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- University of Missouri Research Reactor Center, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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Development of α-Melanocortin Analogs for Melanoma Prevention and Targeting. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2010; 681:126-32. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-6354-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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Moura C, Esteves T, Gano L, Raposinho PD, Paulo A, Santos I. Synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of tricarbonyl M(i) (M = Re, 99mTc) complexes functionalized with melanin-binding pharmacophores. NEW J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0nj00256a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Microwave-assisted solid-phase synthesis, cellular uptake, and cytotoxicity studies of cymantrene–peptide bioconjugates. J Organomet Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2008.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Influence of the ligand donor atoms on the in vitro stability of rhenium(I) and technetium (I)-99m complexes with pyrazole-containing chelators: Experimental and DFT studies. J Organomet Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2008.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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N′Dongo HWP, Neundorf I, Merz K, Schatzschneider U. Synthesis, characterization, X-ray crystallography, and cytotoxicity of a cymantrene keto carboxylic acid for IR labelling of bioactive peptides on a solid support. J Inorg Biochem 2008; 102:2114-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2008.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2008] [Revised: 07/30/2008] [Accepted: 07/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of a novel 99mTc(CO)3 pyrazolyl conjugate of a peptide nucleic acid sequence. J Biol Inorg Chem 2008; 13:1335-44. [PMID: 18777182 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-008-0419-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2008] [Accepted: 08/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The 16-mer peptide nucleic acid sequence H-A GAT CAT GCC CGG CAT-Lys-NH2 (1), which is complementary to the translation start region of the N-myc oncogene messenger RNA, was synthesized and conjugated to a pyrazolyl diamine bifunctional chelator (pz). The novel conjugate pz-A GAT CAT GCC CGG CAT-Lys-NH2 (2) was labeled with technetium tricarbonyl, yielding quantitatively the complex fac-[99mTc(CO)3(kappa3-pz-A GAT CAT GCC CGG CAT-Lys-NH2)]2+ (4). Complex 4 was obtained with high radiochemical purity and high specific activity, revealing high stability in human serum and in cell culture medium. The identity of 4 was confirmed by comparing its reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography profile with that of the rhenium analog fac-[Re(CO)3(kappa3-pz-A GAT CAT GCC CGG CAT-Lys-NH2)]2+ (3), prepared by conjugation of fac-[Re(CO)3(3,5-Me2pz(CH2)2N((CH2)3COOH)(CH2)2NH2)]+ to 1, using solid-phase techniques. UV melting experiments of 1 and 3 with the complementary DNA sequence led to the formation of stable duplexes, indicating that the conjugation of 1 to the pyrazolyl chelator and to the metal fragment fac-[M(CO)3]+ did not affect the recognition of the complementary sequence as well as the duplex stability. For a first screening, SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells, which express N-myc, were treated with 4. The results show that 4 internalizes (7% of the activity goes into the cells, after 4 h at 37 degrees C), presenting also a relatively high cellular retention (only 40% of internalized activity is released from the cells after 5 h).
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Comparative Study of Chemical Approaches to the Solid-Phase Synthesis of a Tumor-Seeking α-MSH Analogue. Int J Pept Res Ther 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-008-9143-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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