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Zhu B, Wei N. Tyrosinase-functionalized polyhydroxyalkanoate bio-beads as a novel biocatalyst for degradation of bisphenol analogues. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 163:107225. [PMID: 35398803 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol compounds are emerging contaminants of high concerns with known endocrine-disrupting effects. Biocatalysis provides a green chemistry alternative for advanced treatment in water reclamation. This study createda novel biocatalyst through genetically immobilizing the Bacillus megaterium tyrosinase enzyme (BmTyr) on the surface ofself-assembled polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biopolymer beads (termed PHA-BmTyr) by using synthetic biology techniques and demonstrated one-pot in vivo production of the biocatalyst for effective degradation and detoxification of various bisphenol analogues for the first time. The degradation pathway of bisphenols was determined to be mediated by the monophenolase and diphenolase activity of BmTyr. Notably, biocatalytic bisphenol degradation by PHA-BmTyr could substantially reduce or eliminate estrogenic activity of the contaminants, and the degradation products had remarkably lower acute and chronic toxicity than their parent compounds. Furthermore, the PHA-BmTyr biocatalyst had high reusability for multiple bisphenol degradation reaction cycles and showed excellent stability that retained 100% and 86.6% of the initial activity when stored at 4 °C and room temperature, respectively for 30 days. Also, the PHA-BmTyr biocatalyst could efficiently degrade bisphenol analogues in real wastewater effluent matrix. This study provides a promising approach to develop innovative biocatalysis technologies for sustainable water reclamation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baotong Zhu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
| | - Na Wei
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61822, United States.
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2
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Noh H, Lee SJ, Jo HJ, Choi HW, Hong S, Kong KH. Histidine residues at the copper-binding site in human tyrosinase are essential for its catalytic activities. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:726-732. [PMID: 32180482 PMCID: PMC7144311 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1740691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase is a copper-binding enzyme involved in melanin biosynthesis. However, the detailed structure of human tyrosinase has not yet been solved, along with the identification of the key sites responsible for its catalytic activity. We used site-directed mutagenesis to identify the residues critical for the copper binding of human tyrosinase. Seven histidine mutants in the two copper-binding sites were generated, and catalytic activities were characterised. The tyrosine hydroxylase activities of the CuA site mutants were approximately 50% lower than those of the wild-type tyrosinase, while the dopa oxidation activities of the mutants were not significantly different from that of wild-type tyrosinase. By contrast, mutations at CuB significantly decreased both tyrosine hydroxylation and dopa oxidation activities, confirming that the catalytic sites for these two activities are at least partially distinct. These findings provide a useful resource for further structural determination and development of tyrosinase inhibitors in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyangsoon Noh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Jun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Joo Jo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye Won Choi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sungguan Hong
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwang-Hoon Kong
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
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3
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Evaluating the Performance of a Non-Bonded Cu 2+ Model Including Jahn-Teller Effect into the Binding of Tyrosinase Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134783. [PMID: 32640730 PMCID: PMC7369908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase (TYR) is a metalloenzyme classified as a type-3 copper protein, which is involved in the synthesis of melanin through a catalytic process beginning with the conversion of the amino acid l-Tyrosine (l-Tyr) to l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA). It plays an important role in the mechanism of melanogenesis in various organisms including mammals, plants, and fungi. Herein, we used a combination of computational molecular modeling techniques including molecular dynamic (MD) simulations and the linear interaction energy (LIE) model to evaluate the binding free energy of a set of analogs of kojic acid (KA) in complex with TYR. For the MD simulations, we used a dummy model including the description of the Jahn–Teller effect for Cu2+ ions in the active site of this enzyme. Our results show that the LIE model predicts the TYR binding affinities of the inhibitor in close agreement to experimental results. Overall, we demonstrate that the classical model provides a suitable description of the main interactions between analogs of KA and Cu2+ ions in the active site of TYR.
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4
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivanhoe K. H. Leung
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Centre for Green Chemical Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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5
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Matoba Y, Kihara S, Bando N, Yoshitsu H, Sakaguchi M, Kayama K, Yanagisawa S, Ogura T, Sugiyama M. Catalytic mechanism of the tyrosinase reaction toward the Tyr98 residue in the caddie protein. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e3000077. [PMID: 30596633 PMCID: PMC6312201 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase (EC 1.14.18.1), a copper-containing monooxygenase, catalyzes the conversion of phenol to the corresponding ortho-quinone. The Streptomyces tyrosinase is generated as a complex with a “caddie” protein that facilitates the transport of two copper ions into the active center. In our previous study, the Tyr98 residue in the caddie protein, which is accommodated in the pocket of active center of tyrosinase, has been found to be converted to a reactive quinone through the formations of the μ-η2:η2-peroxo-dicopper(II) and Cu(II)-dopasemiquinone intermediates. Until now—despite extensive studies for the tyrosinase reaction based on the crystallographic analysis, low-molecular-weight models, and computer simulations—the catalytic mechanism has been unable to be made clear at an atomic level. To make the catalytic mechanism of tyrosinase clear, in the present study, the cryo-trapped crystal structures were determined at very high resolutions (1.16–1.70 Å). The structures suggest the existence of an important step for the tyrosinase reaction that has not yet been found: that is, the hydroxylation reaction is triggered by the movement of CuA, which induces the syn-to-anti rearrangement of the copper ligands after the formation of μ-η2:η2-peroxo-dicopper(II) core. By the rearrangement, the hydroxyl group of the substrate is placed in an equatorial position, allowing the electrophilic attack to the aromatic ring by the Cu2O2 oxidant. The cryo-trapped crystal structures of tyrosinase in a complex with its “caddie” protein reveal structural insight into the catalytic mechanism of tyrosinase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the production of melanin. Tyrosinase is an enzyme that controls a rate-limiting reaction of melanogenesis: it catalyzes the conversion of a phenol to the corresponding ortho-quinone. Streptomyces tyrosinase is formed as a complex, with a “caddie” protein that assists with the transport of the two copper ions into the enzyme’s active center. In our previous study, we showed that the Tyr98 residue in the caddie protein, which is accommodated in the pocket of active center of tyrosinase, is converted to a reactive quinone through the formations of the μ-η2:η2-peroxo-dicopper(II) and Cu(II)-dopasemiquinone intermediates. Until now—despite extensive studies of the tyrosinase reaction based on the crystallographic analysis, low-molecular-weight model systems, and computer simulations—the catalytic mechanism was unclear at an atomic level. To understand the catalytic mechanism of tyrosinase in detail, we determined the cryo-trapped crystal structures at very high resolutions, which suggest an important new step for the tyrosinase reaction: the hydroxylation reaction triggered by the movement of CuA, which induces the syn-to-anti rearrangement of the copper ligands after the formation of μ-η2:η2-peroxo-dicopper(II) core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Matoba
- Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- * E-mail: (YM); (MS)
| | - Shogo Kihara
- Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Naohiko Bando
- Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hironari Yoshitsu
- Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Miyuki Sakaguchi
- Picobiology Institute, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kure’e Kayama
- Picobiology Institute, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Sachiko Yanagisawa
- Picobiology Institute, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takashi Ogura
- Picobiology Institute, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Masanori Sugiyama
- Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- * E-mail: (YM); (MS)
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6
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What causes the different functionality in type-III-copper enzymes? A state of the art perspective. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2017.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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7
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The unravelling of the complex pattern of tyrosinase inhibition. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34993. [PMID: 27725765 PMCID: PMC5057104 DOI: 10.1038/srep34993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinases are responsible for melanin formation in all life domains. Tyrosinase inhibitors are used for the prevention of severe skin diseases, in skin-whitening creams and to avoid fruit browning, however continued use of many such inhibitors is considered unsafe. In this study we provide conclusive evidence of the inhibition mechanism of two well studied tyrosinase inhibitors, KA (kojic acid) and HQ (hydroquinone), which are extensively used in hyperpigmentation treatment. KA is reported in the literature with contradicting inhibition mechanisms, while HQ is described as both a tyrosinase inhibitor and a substrate. By visualization of KA and HQ in the active site of TyrBm crystals, together with molecular modeling, binding constant analysis and kinetic experiments, we have elucidated their mechanisms of inhibition, which was ambiguous for both inhibitors. We confirm that while KA acts as a mixed inhibitor, HQ can act both as a TyrBm substrate and as an inhibitor.
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8
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Garcia-Jimenez A, Teruel-Puche JA, Ortiz-Ruiz CV, Berna J, Tudela J, Garcia-Canovas F. 4-n-butylresorcinol, a depigmenting agent used in cosmetics, reacts with tyrosinase. IUBMB Life 2016; 68:663-72. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.1528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Garcia-Jimenez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A, GENZ-Group of Research on Enzymology (www.um.es/genz), Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum,”; University of Murcia; Espinardo, Murcia Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Teruel-Puche
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A, Group of Molecular Interactions in Membranes; University of Murcia; Espinardo, Murcia Spain
| | - Carmen Vanessa Ortiz-Ruiz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A, GENZ-Group of Research on Enzymology (www.um.es/genz), Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum,”; University of Murcia; Espinardo, Murcia Spain
| | - Jose Berna
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Group of Synthetic Organic Chemistry; University of Murcia; Espinardo, Murcia Spain
| | - Jose Tudela
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A, GENZ-Group of Research on Enzymology (www.um.es/genz), Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum,”; University of Murcia; Espinardo, Murcia Spain
| | - Francisco Garcia-Canovas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A, GENZ-Group of Research on Enzymology (www.um.es/genz), Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum,”; University of Murcia; Espinardo, Murcia Spain
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9
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Aurone synthase is a catechol oxidase with hydroxylase activity and provides insights into the mechanism of plant polyphenol oxidases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E1806-15. [PMID: 26976571 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1523575113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinases and catechol oxidases belong to the family of polyphenol oxidases (PPOs). Tyrosinases catalyze theo-hydroxylation and oxidation of phenolic compounds, whereas catechol oxidases were so far defined to lack the hydroxylation activity and catalyze solely the oxidation of o-diphenolic compounds. Aurone synthase from Coreopsis grandiflora (AUS1) is a specialized plant PPO involved in the anabolic pathway of aurones. We present, to our knowledge, the first crystal structures of a latent plant PPO, its mature active and inactive form, caused by a sulfation of a copper binding histidine. Analysis of the latent proenzyme's interface between the shielding C-terminal domain and the main core provides insights into its activation mechanisms. As AUS1 did not accept common tyrosinase substrates (tyrosine and tyramine), the enzyme is classified as a catechol oxidase. However, AUS1 showed hydroxylase activity toward its natural substrate (isoliquiritigenin), revealing that the hydroxylase activity is not correlated with the acceptance of common tyrosinase substrates. Therefore, we propose that the hydroxylase reaction is a general functionality of PPOs. Molecular dynamics simulations of docked substrate-enzyme complexes were performed, and a key residue was identified that influences the plant PPO's acceptance or rejection of tyramine. Based on the evidenced hydroxylase activity and the interactions of specific residues with the substrates during the molecular dynamics simulations, a novel catalytic reaction mechanism for plant PPOs is proposed. The presented results strongly suggest that the physiological role of plant catechol oxidases were previously underestimated, as they might hydroxylate their--so far unknown--natural substrates in vivo.
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10
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Jung SW, Lee K, Cho AE. Computational approaches to predict binding interactions between mammalian tyrosinases and (S)-(+)-decursin and its analogues as potent inhibitors. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra09365e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Using computational methods, we elucidated the binding modes of (S)-(+)-decursin with mouse and human tyrosinases, and thereby provided insight to new tyrosinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Won Jung
- Department of Bioinformatics
- Korea University
- Sejong 339-700
- Korea
| | - Kyeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy
- Dongguk University
- Koyang
- Korea
| | - Art E. Cho
- Department of Bioinformatics
- Korea University
- Sejong 339-700
- Korea
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11
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Kanteev M, Goldfeder M, Fishman A. Structure-function correlations in tyrosinases. Protein Sci 2015; 24:1360-9. [PMID: 26104241 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosinases are metalloenzymes belonging to the type-3 copper protein family which contain two copper ions in the active site. They are found in various prokaryotes as well as in plants, fungi, arthropods, and mammals and are responsible for pigmentation, wound healing, radiation protection, and primary immune response. Tyrosinases perform two sequential enzymatic reactions: hydroxylation of monophenols and oxidation of diphenols to form quinones which polymerize spontaneously to melanin. Two other members of this family are catechol oxidases, which are prevalent mainly in plants and perform only the second oxidation step, and hemocyanins, which lack enzymatic activity and are oxygen carriers. In the last decade, several structures of plant and bacterial tyrosinases were determined, some with substrates or inhibitors, highlighting features and residues which are important for copper uptake and catalysis. This review summarizes the updated information on structure-function correlations in tyrosinases along with comparison to other type-3 copper proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Kanteev
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Mor Goldfeder
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Ayelet Fishman
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
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12
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Fronk P, Hartmann H, Bauer M, Solem E, Jaenicke E, Tenzer S, Decker H. Polyphenoloxidase from Riesling and Dornfelder wine grapes (Vitis vinifera) is a tyrosinase. Food Chem 2015; 183:49-57. [PMID: 25863609 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenoloxidases (PPO) of the type-3 copper protein family are considered to be catecholoxidases catalyzing the oxidation of o-diphenols to their corresponding quinones. PPO from Grenache grapes has recently been reported to display only diphenolase activity. In contrast, we have characterized PPOs from Dornfelder and Riesling grapes which display both monophenolase and diphenolase activity. Ultracentrifugation and size exclusion chromatography indicated that both PPOs occur as monomers with Mr of about 38kDa. Non-reducing SDS-PAGE shows two bands of about 38kDa exhibiting strong activity. Remarkably, three bands up to 60kDa displayed only very weak PPO activity, supporting the hypothesis that the C-terminal domain covers the entrance to the active site. Molecular dynamic analysis indicated that the hydroxyl group of monophenolic substrates can bind to CuA after the flexible but sterically hindering Phe 259 swings away on a picosecond time scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Fronk
- Institute for Molecular Biophysics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Jakob-Welder-Weg 26, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Hermann Hartmann
- Institute for Molecular Biophysics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Jakob-Welder-Weg 26, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Margarita Bauer
- Institute for Molecular Biophysics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Jakob-Welder-Weg 26, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Even Solem
- Institute for Molecular Biophysics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Jakob-Welder-Weg 26, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Elmar Jaenicke
- Institute for Molecular Biophysics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Jakob-Welder-Weg 26, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Tenzer
- Institute for Immunology, University Medicine Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Heinz Decker
- Institute for Molecular Biophysics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Jakob-Welder-Weg 26, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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13
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Goldfeder M, Kanteev M, Isaschar-Ovdat S, Adir N, Fishman A. Determination of tyrosinase substrate-binding modes reveals mechanistic differences between type-3 copper proteins. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4505. [PMID: 25074014 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase is responsible for the two initial enzymatic steps in the conversion of tyrosine to melanin. Many tyrosinase mutations are the leading cause of albinism in humans, and it is a prominent biotechnology and pharmaceutical industry target. Here we present crystal structures that show that both monophenol hydroxylation and diphenol oxidation occur at the same site. It is suggested that concurrent presence of a phenylalanine above the active site and a restricting thioether bond on the histidine coordinating CuA prevent hydroxylation of monophenols by catechol oxidases. Furthermore, a conserved water molecule activated by E195 and N205 is proposed to mediate deprotonation of the monophenol at the active site. Overall, the structures reveal precise steps in the enzymatic catalytic cycle as well as differences between tyrosinases and other type-3 copper enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mor Goldfeder
- 1] Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel [2]
| | - Margarita Kanteev
- 1] Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel [2]
| | - Sivan Isaschar-Ovdat
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Noam Adir
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Ayelet Fishman
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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14
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Bagherzadeh K, Shirgahi Talari F, Sharifi A, Ganjali MR, Saboury AA, Amanlou M. A new insight into mushroom tyrosinase inhibitors: docking, pharmacophore-based virtual screening, and molecular modeling studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2014; 33:487-501. [PMID: 24601849 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2014.893203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosinase, a widely spread enzyme in micro-organisms, animals, and plants, participates in two rate-limiting steps in melanin formation pathway which is responsible for skin protection against UV lights' harm whose functional deficiency result in serious dermatological diseases. This enzyme seems to be responsible for neuromelanin formation in human brain as well. In plants, the enzyme leads the browning pathway which is commonly observed in injured tissues that is economically very unfavorable. Among different types of tyrosinase, mushroom tyrosinase has the highest homology with the mammalian tyrosinase and the only commercial tyrosinase available. In this study, ligand-based pharmacophore drug discovery method was applied to rapidly identify mushroom tyrosinase enzyme inhibitors using virtual screening. The model pharmacophore of essential interactions was developed and refined studying already experimentally discovered potent inhibitors employing Docking analysis methodology. After pharmacophore virtual screening and binding modes prediction, 14 compounds from ZINC database were identified as potent inhibitors of mushroom tyrosinase which were classified into five groups according to their chemical structures. The inhibition behavior of the discovered compounds was further studied through Classical Molecular Dynamic Simulations and the conformational changes induced by the presence of the studied ligands were discussed and compared to those of the substrate, tyrosine. According to the obtained results, five novel leads are introduced to be further optimized or directly used as potent inhibitors of mushroom tyrosinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kowsar Bagherzadeh
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicinal Plants Research Center , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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15
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Ćendić M, Matović ZD, Deeth RJ. Molecular modeling for Cu(II)-aminopolycarboxylate complexes: Structures, conformational energies, and ligand binding affinities. J Comput Chem 2013; 34:2687-96. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.23437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Ćendić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; University of Kragujevac; Kragujevac SRB-34000 Serbia
| | - Zoran D. Matović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; University of Kragujevac; Kragujevac SRB-34000 Serbia
| | - Robert J. Deeth
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Computational Chemistry Group; University of Warwick; Coventry CV4 7AL United Kingdom
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16
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Mishra AK, Prajapati RK, Verma S. Adenine supported hydroxyl-bridged dicopper core as a catalytically competent unit for phenol oxidation. Polyhedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2012.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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17
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Xiang JY, Ponder JW. A valence bond model for aqueous Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions in the AMOEBA polarizable force field. J Comput Chem 2012; 34:739-49. [PMID: 23212979 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.23190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Revised: 09/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A general molecular mechanics (MM) model for treating aqueous Cu(2+) and Zn(2+) ions was developed based on valence bond (VB) theory and incorporated into the atomic multipole optimized energetics for biomolecular applications (AMOEBA) polarizable force field. Parameters were obtained by fitting MM energies to that computed by ab initio methods for gas-phase tetra- and hexa-aqua metal complexes. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using the proposed AMOEBA-VB model were performed for each transition metal ion in aqueous solution, and solvent coordination was evaluated. Results show that the AMOEBA-VB model generates the correct square-planar geometry for gas-phase tetra-aqua Cu(2+) complex and improves the accuracy of MM model energetics for a number of ligation geometries when compared to quantum mechanical (QM) computations. On the other hand, both AMOEBA and AMOEBA-VB generate results for Zn(2+)-water complexes in good agreement with QM calculations. Analyses of the MD trajectories revealed a six-coordination first solvation shell for both Cu(2+) and Zn(2+) ions in aqueous solution, with ligation geometries falling in the range reported by previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yu Xiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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18
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MUÑOZ-MUÑOZ J, GARCIA-MOLINA F, ROS E, TUDELA J, GARCÍA-CANOVAS F, RODRIGUEZ-LOPEZ J. PROOXIDANT AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF ROSMARINIC ACID. J Food Biochem 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.2011.00639.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Tai HC, Brodbeck R, Kasparkova J, Farrer NJ, Brabec V, Sadler PJ, Deeth RJ. Combined Theoretical and Computational Study of Interstrand DNA Guanine–Guanine Cross-Linking by trans-[Pt(pyridine)2] Derived from the Photoactivated Prodrug trans,trans,trans-[Pt(N3)2(OH)2(pyridine)2]. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:6830-41. [DOI: 10.1021/ic3005745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chung Tai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United
Kingdom
| | - Ralf Brodbeck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United
Kingdom
| | - Jana Kasparkova
- The Institute of
Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Kralovopolska 135, 61265 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Nicola J. Farrer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United
Kingdom
| | - Viktor Brabec
- The Institute of
Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Kralovopolska 135, 61265 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Peter J. Sadler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United
Kingdom
| | - Robert J. Deeth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United
Kingdom
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Cisnetti F, Maréchal JD, Nicaise M, Guillot R, Desmadril M, Lambert F, Policar C. Metal Complexation of a D-Ribose-Based Ligand Decoded by Experimental and Theoretical Studies. Eur J Inorg Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201200322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Chiari ME, Vera DMA, Palacios SM, Carpinella MC. Tyrosinase inhibitory activity of a 6-isoprenoid-substituted flavanone isolated from Dalea elegans. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:3474-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Revised: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Rolff M, Schottenheim J, Decker H, Tuczek F. Copper–O2 reactivity of tyrosinase models towards external monophenolic substrates: molecular mechanism and comparison with the enzyme. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40:4077-98. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cs00202j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 359] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Muñoz-Muñoz JL, Garcia-Molina F, Varon R, Garcia-Ruíz PA, Tudela J, Garcia-Cánovas F, Rodríguez-López JN. Suicide inactivation of the diphenolase and monophenolase activities of tyrosinase. IUBMB Life 2010; 62:539-47. [PMID: 20552645 DOI: 10.1002/iub.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The suicide inactivation mechanism of tyrosinase acting on its phenolic substrates has been studied. Kinetic analysis of the proposed mechanism during the transition phase provides explicit analytical expressions for the concentrations of o-quinone versus time. The electronic, steric, and hydrophobic effects of the phenolic substrates influence the enzymatic reaction, increasing the catalytic speed by three orders of magnitude and the inactivation by one order of magnitude. To explain this suicide inactivation, we propose a mechanism in which the enzymatic form oxy-tyrosinase is responsible for the inactivation. In this mechanism, the rate constant of the reaction would be directly related with the strength of the nucleophilic attack of the C-1 hydroxyl group, which depends on the chemical shift of the carbon C-1 (delta(1)) obtained by (13)C-NMR. The suicide inactivation would occur if the C-2 hydroxyl group transferred the proton to the protonated peroxide, which would again act as a general base. In this case, the coplanarity between the copper atom, the oxygen of the C-1 and the ring would only permit the oxidation/reduction of one copper atom, giving rise to copper (0), hydrogen peroxide, and an o-quinone, which would be released, thus inactivating the enzyme. One possible application of this property could be the use of these suicide substrates as skin depigmenting agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Luis Muñoz-Muñoz
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular-A, Facultad de Biologia, Universidad de Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
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Deeth RJ. Molecular Mechanics for Transition Metal Centers: From Coordination Complexes To Metalloproteins. ADVANCES IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0898-8838(10)62001-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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