1
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Yadav V, Wen L, Yadav S, Siegler MA, Goldberg DP. Selective Radical Transfer in a Series of Nonheme Iron(III) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:17830-17842. [PMID: 37857315 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
A series of nonheme iron complexes, FeIII(BNPAPh2O)(Lax)(Leq) (Lax/eq = N3-, NCS-, NCO-, and Cl-) have been synthesized using the previously reported BNPAPh2O- ligand. The ferrous analogs FeII(BNPAPh2O)(Lax) (Lax = N3-, NCS-, and NCO-) were also prepared. The complexes were structurally characterized using single crystal X-ray diffraction, which shows that all the FeIII complexes are six-coordinate, with one anionic ligand (Lax) in the H-bonding axial site and the other anionic ligand (Leq) in the equatorial plane, cis to the Lax ligand. The reaction of FeIII(BNPAPh2O-)(Lax)(Leq) with Ph3C• shows that one ligand is selectively transferred in each case. A selectivity trend emerges that shows •N3 is the most favored for transfer in each case to the carbon radical, whereas Cl• is the least favored. The NCO and NCS ligands showed an intermediate propensity for radical transfer, with NCS > NCO. The overall order of selectivity is N3 > NCS > NCO > Cl. In addition, we also demonstrated that H-bonding has a small effect on governing product selectivity by using a non-H-bonded ligand (DPAPh2O-). This study demonstrates the inherent radical transfer selectivity of nonhydroxo-ligated nonheme iron(III) complexes, which could be useful for efforts in synthetic and (bio)catalytic C-H functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Lyupeng Wen
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Sudha Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Maxime A Siegler
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - David P Goldberg
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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2
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Yang M, Chen X, Su X, She YB, Yang YF. Mechanistic Study of Chemoselectivity for Carbon Radical Hydroxylation versus Chlorination with Fe III (OH)(Cl) Complexes. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202201311. [PMID: 36705485 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202201311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The FeIII (OH)(Cl) complex resembles the key intermediate proposed for the non-heme iron halogenases. Goldberg and co-workers reported that the FeIII (OH)(Cl) RC reacts with triphenylmethyl radical 1 to give an exclusive hydroxylation product. To understand the chemoselectivity of the reaction of RC with 1, density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been conducted. From RC, the competing pathways were identified as the OH-transfer, Cl-transfer, and isomerization pathways. The direct Cl-transfer is more favorable than direct OH-transfer by 2.8 kcal/mol. The hydrogen bonding interactions between the hydroxyl group and the pendent amine ligand impede the direct OH-transfer from RC. Compared with the direct Cl-transfer pathway, the isomerization pathways require lower barriers. In isomer RCiso2 , the equatorial hydroxyl group, which has smaller diabatic bond dissociation energy, prefers to transfer to form the hydroxylation product. In FeIII (Cl)2 RC2 and RC2iso , the equatorial chloride group also prefers to transfer to give the chlorination product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Xiahe Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Xingxing Su
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Bin She
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Fang Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, P. R. China
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3
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Zhou TP, Deng WH, Wu Y, Liao RZ. QM/MM Calculations Suggested Concerted O‒O Bond Cleavage and Substrate Oxidation by Nonheme Diiron Toluene/o‐xylene Monooxygenase. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200490. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Ping Zhou
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of chemistry and chemical engineering CHINA
| | - Wen-Hao Deng
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of chemistry and chemical engineering CHINA
| | - Yuzhou Wu
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of chemistry and chemical engineering CHINA
| | - Rong-Zhen Liao
- Huazhong University of Science and technology College of Chemistry and Chemical Engeneering Luoyulu 1037 430074 Wuhan CHINA
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Gérard EF, Yadav V, Goldberg DP, de Visser SP. What Drives Radical Halogenation versus Hydroxylation in Mononuclear Nonheme Iron Complexes? A Combined Experimental and Computational Study. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:10752-10767. [PMID: 35537044 PMCID: PMC9228086 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Nonheme iron halogenases
are unique enzymes in nature that selectively
activate an aliphatic C–H bond of a substrate to convert it
into C–X (X = Cl/Br, but not F/I). It is proposed that they
generate an FeIII(OH)(X) intermediate in their catalytic
cycle. The analogous FeIII(OH) intermediate in nonheme
iron hydroxylases transfers OH• to give alcohol
product, whereas the halogenases transfer X• to
the carbon radical substrate. There remains significant debate regarding
what factors control their remarkable selectivity of the halogenases.
The reactivity of the complexes FeIII(BNPAPh2O)(OH)(X) (X = Cl, Br) with a secondary carbon radical (R•) is described. It is found that X• transfer occurs
with a secondary carbon radical, as opposed to OH• transfer with tertiary radicals. Comprehensive computational studies
involving density functional theory were carried out to examine the
possible origins of this selectivity. The calculations reproduce the
experimental findings, which indicate that halogen transfer is not
observed for the tertiary radicals because of a nonproductive equilibrium
that results from the endergonic nature of these reactions, despite
a potentially lower reaction barrier for the halogenation pathway.
In contrast, halogen transfer is favored for secondary carbon radicals,
for which the halogenated product complex is thermodynamically more
stable than the reactant complex. These results are rationalized by
considering the relative strengths of the C–X bonds that are
formed for tertiary versus secondary carbon centers. The computational
analysis also shows that the reaction barrier for halogen transfer
is significantly dependent on secondary coordination sphere effects,
including steric and H-bonding interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie F Gérard
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom.,Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Vishal Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - David P Goldberg
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Sam P de Visser
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom.,Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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5
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Tao Y, Li Z, Zhang Y, Sun K, Liu Z. Determining the inherent selectivity for carbon radical hydroxylation versus halogenation with high-spin oxoiron(iv)-halide complexes: a concerted rebound step. RSC Adv 2022; 12:9891-9897. [PMID: 35424943 PMCID: PMC8963258 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01384c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A synthetic iron model can process both halogenation and hydroxylation with vague selectivity, which is different from halogenase even though these structures are used for the simulation of halogenase. The key factor of the synthetic oxo-iron model mediated hydroxylation or the halogenation is still under debate. Herein density functional theory calculation is used to investigate the hydroxylation versus halogenation of propylene by the complex [FeIV(O)(TQA)(X)]+ (X = F, Cl, Br). Our results suggest that a concerted rebound mechanism (between the -X and the hydroxyl ligands after the hydrogen abstraction) leads to the formation of two different kinds of products. DFT calculation for the hydroxylation versus halogenation of propylene by [FeIV(O)(TQA)X]+ (X = F, Cl and Br) reveals that after hydrogen abstraction, halogen and oxygen rebound reactions are a synergistic process.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Tao
- College of Physics and Electronic Information & Henan Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Transformation and Detection, Luoyang Normal University Luoyang 471934 China
| | - Zixian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Yiman Zhang
- College of Physics and Electronic Information & Henan Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Transformation and Detection, Luoyang Normal University Luoyang 471934 China
| | - Kexi Sun
- College of Physics and Electronic Information & Henan Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Transformation and Detection, Luoyang Normal University Luoyang 471934 China
| | - Zhaojun Liu
- College of Physics and Electronic Information & Henan Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Transformation and Detection, Luoyang Normal University Luoyang 471934 China
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Paik A, Paul S, Bhowmik S, Das R, Naveen T, Rana S. Recent Advances in First Row Transition Metal Mediated C‐H Halogenation of (Hetero)arenes and Alkanes. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddha Paik
- University of North Bengal Department of Chemistry Raja Rammohunpur, DarjeelingWest Bengal, India - 734013 734013 Siliguri INDIA
| | - Sabarni Paul
- University of North Bengal Department of Chemistry Raja Rammohunpur, DarjeelingWest Bengal, India - 734013 734013 Siliguri INDIA
| | - Sabyasachi Bhowmik
- University of North Bengal Department of Chemistry Raja Rammohunpur, DarjeelingWest Bengal, India - 734013 734013 Siliguri INDIA
| | - Rahul Das
- University of North Bengal Department of Chemistry Raja Rammohunpur, DarjeelingWest Bengal, India - 734013 734013 Siliguri INDIA
| | - Togati Naveen
- Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology Department of Chemistry 395007 Surat INDIA
| | - Sujoy Rana
- University of North Bengal Chemistry Raja Rammohunpur, DarjeelingWest Bengal, India, 734013 734013 Siliguri INDIA
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7
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Lee JL, Ross DL, Barman SK, Ziller JW, Borovik AS. C-H Bond Cleavage by Bioinspired Nonheme Metal Complexes. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:13759-13783. [PMID: 34491738 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The functionalization of C-H bonds is one of the most challenging transformations in synthetic chemistry. In biology, these processes are well-known and are achieved with a variety of metalloenzymes, many of which contain a single metal center within their active sites. The most well studied are those with Fe centers, and the emerging experimental data show that high-valent iron oxido species are the intermediates responsible for cleaving the C-H bond. This Forum Article describes the state of this field with an emphasis on nonheme Fe enzymes and current experimental results that provide insights into the properties that make these species capable of C-H bond cleavage. These parameters are also briefly considered in regard to manganese oxido complexes and Cu-containing metalloenzymes. Synthetic iron oxido complexes are discussed to highlight their utility as spectroscopic and mechanistic probes and reagents for C-H bond functionalization. Avenues for future research are also examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin L Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Dolores L Ross
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Suman K Barman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Joseph W Ziller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - A S Borovik
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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8
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Yadav O, Ansari M, Ansari A. Electronic structures, bonding and energetics of non-heme mono and dinuclear iron-TPA complexes: a computational exploration. Struct Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-021-01775-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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9
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Yadav V, Siegler MA, Goldberg DP. Temperature-Dependent Reactivity of a Non-heme Fe III(OH)(SR) Complex: Relevance to Isopenicillin N Synthase. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:46-52. [PMID: 33356198 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Non-heme iron complexes with cis-FeIII(OH)(SAr/OAr) coordination were isolated and examined for their reactivity with a tertiary carbon radical. The sulfur-ligated complex shows a temperature dependence on •OH versus ArS• transfer, whereas the oxygen-ligated complex does not. These results provide the first working model for C-S bond formation in isopenicillin N synthase and indicate that kinetic control may be a key factor in the selectivity of non-heme iron "rebound" processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Maxime A Siegler
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - David P Goldberg
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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10
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Rana S, Biswas JP, Paul S, Paik A, Maiti D. Organic synthesis with the most abundant transition metal–iron: from rust to multitasking catalysts. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:243-472. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00688b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The promising aspects of iron in synthetic chemistry are being explored for three-four decades as a green and eco-friendly alternative to late transition metals. This present review unveils these rich iron-chemistry towards different transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujoy Rana
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Bengal
- Darjeeling
- India
| | | | - Sabarni Paul
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Bengal
- Darjeeling
- India
| | - Aniruddha Paik
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Bengal
- Darjeeling
- India
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry
- IIT Bombay
- Mumbai-400076
- India
- Tokyo Tech World Research Hub Initiative (WRHI)
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11
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Kumar R, Pandey B, Sen A, Ansari M, Sharma S, Rajaraman G. Role of oxidation state, ferryl-oxygen, and ligand architecture on the reactivity of popular high-valent FeIV=O species: A theoretical perspective. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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12
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Yadav V, Rodriguez RJ, Siegler MA, Goldberg DP. Determining the Inherent Selectivity for Carbon Radical Hydroxylation versus Halogenation with Fe III(OH)(X) Complexes: Relevance to the Rebound Step in Non-heme Iron Halogenases. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:7259-7264. [PMID: 32281794 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c00493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The first structural models of the proposed cis-FeIII(OH)(halide) intermediate in the non-heme iron halogenases were synthesized and examined for their inherent reactivity with tertiary carbon radicals. Selective hydroxylation occurs for these cis-FeIII(OH)(X) (X = Cl, Br) complexes in a radical rebound-like process. In contrast, a cis-FeIII(Cl)2 complex reacts with carbon radicals to give halogenation. These results are discussed in terms of the inherent reactivity of the analogous rebound intermediate in both enzymes and related catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Rodolfo J Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Maxime A Siegler
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - David P Goldberg
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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13
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Biswas JP, Guin S, Maiti D. Highvalent 3d metal-oxo mediated C–H halogenation: Biomimetic approaches. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.213174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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14
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Visser SP. Second‐Coordination Sphere Effects on Selectivity and Specificity of Heme and Nonheme Iron Enzymes. Chemistry 2020; 26:5308-5327. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sam P. Visser
- The Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical ScienceThe University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
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15
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Quesne MG, Silveri F, de Leeuw NH, Catlow CRA. Advances in Sustainable Catalysis: A Computational Perspective. Front Chem 2019; 7:182. [PMID: 31032245 PMCID: PMC6473102 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The enormous challenge of moving our societies to a more sustainable future offers several exciting opportunities for computational chemists. The first principles approach to "catalysis by design" will enable new and much greener chemical routes to produce vital fuels and fine chemicals. This prospective outlines a wide variety of case studies to underscore how the use of theoretical techniques, from QM/MM to unrestricted DFT and periodic boundary conditions, can be applied to biocatalysis and to both homogeneous and heterogenous catalysts of all sizes and morphologies to provide invaluable insights into the reaction mechanisms they catalyze.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Quesne
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Fabrizio Silveri
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Nora H de Leeuw
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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16
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Quesne MG, Roldan A, de Leeuw NH, Catlow CRA. Carbon dioxide and water co-adsorption on the low-index surfaces of TiC, VC, ZrC and NbC: a DFT study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:10750-10760. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp00924h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We present a theoretical DFT study into the activation of CO2 and H2O by four low-index surfaces of TiC, VC, ZrC and NbC. Two distinct chemisorption pathways are found for CO2 activation, whilst multiple surface mediated interactions between H2O and CO2 are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G. Quesne
- School of Chemistry
- Cardiff University
- Main Building
- Park Place
- Cardiff CF10 3AT
| | - Alberto Roldan
- School of Chemistry
- Cardiff University
- Main Building
- Park Place
- Cardiff CF10 3AT
| | - Nora H. de Leeuw
- School of Chemistry
- Cardiff University
- Main Building
- Park Place
- Cardiff CF10 3AT
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17
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Timmins A, Fowler NJ, Warwicker J, Straganz GD, de Visser SP. Does Substrate Positioning Affect the Selectivity and Reactivity in the Hectochlorin Biosynthesis Halogenase? Front Chem 2018; 6:513. [PMID: 30425979 PMCID: PMC6218459 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work we present the first computational study on the hectochlorin biosynthesis enzyme HctB, which is a unique three-domain halogenase that activates non-amino acid moieties tethered to an acyl-carrier, and as such may have biotechnological relevance beyond other halogenases. We use a combination of small cluster models and full enzyme structures calculated with quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics methods. Our work reveals that the reaction is initiated with a rate-determining hydrogen atom abstraction from substrate by an iron (IV)-oxo species, which creates an iron (III)-hydroxo intermediate. In a subsequent step the reaction can bifurcate to either halogenation or hydroxylation of substrate, but substrate binding and positioning drives the reaction to optimal substrate halogenation. Furthermore, several key residues in the protein have been identified for their involvement in charge-dipole interactions and induced electric field effects. In particular, two charged second coordination sphere amino acid residues (Glu223 and Arg245) appear to influence the charge density on the Cl ligand and push the mechanism toward halogenation. Our studies, therefore, conclude that nonheme iron halogenases have a chemical structure that induces an electric field on the active site that affects the halide and iron charge distributions and enable efficient halogenation. As such, HctB is intricately designed for a substrate halogenation and operates distinctly different from other nonheme iron halogenases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Timmins
- The Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. Fowler
- The Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jim Warwicker
- The Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Grit D. Straganz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Graz University, Graz, Austria
| | - Sam P. de Visser
- The Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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18
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Timmins A, Quesne MG, Borowski T, de Visser SP. Group Transfer to an Aliphatic Bond: A Biomimetic Study Inspired by Nonheme Iron Halogenases. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b01673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Timmins
- The Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew G. Quesne
- The Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Krakow, Poland
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Tomasz Borowski
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Krakow, Poland
| | - Sam P. de Visser
- The Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
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19
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A Comparative Review on the Catalytic Mechanism of Nonheme Iron Hydroxylases and Halogenases. Catalysts 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/catal8080314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzymatic halogenation and haloperoxidation are unusual processes in biology; however, a range of halogenases and haloperoxidases exist that are able to transfer an aliphatic or aromatic C–H bond into C–Cl/C–Br. Haloperoxidases utilize hydrogen peroxide, and in a reaction with halides (Cl−/Br−), they react to form hypohalides (OCl−/OBr−) that subsequently react with substrate by halide transfer. There are three types of haloperoxidases, namely the iron-heme, nonheme vanadium, and flavin-dependent haloperoxidases that are reviewed here. In addition, there are the nonheme iron halogenases that show structural and functional similarity to the nonheme iron hydroxylases and form an iron(IV)-oxo active species from a reaction of molecular oxygen with α-ketoglutarate on an iron(II) center. They subsequently transfer a halide (Cl−/Br−) to an aliphatic C–H bond. We review the mechanism and function of nonheme iron halogenases and hydroxylases and show recent computational modelling studies of our group on the hectochlorin biosynthesis enzyme and prolyl-4-hydroxylase as examples of nonheme iron halogenases and hydroxylases. These studies have established the catalytic mechanism of these enzymes and show the importance of substrate and oxidant positioning on the stereo-, chemo- and regioselectivity of the reaction that takes place.
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20
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Mono- and binuclear non-heme iron chemistry from a theoretical perspective. J Biol Inorg Chem 2016; 21:619-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-016-1357-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Hydroxylation versus Halogenation of Aliphatic C−H Bonds by a Dioxygen-Derived Iron-Oxygen Oxidant: Functional Mimicking of Iron Halogenases. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201509914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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22
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Chatterjee S, Paine TK. Hydroxylation versus Halogenation of Aliphatic C-H Bonds by a Dioxygen-Derived Iron-Oxygen Oxidant: Functional Mimicking of Iron Halogenases. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:7717-22. [PMID: 26822989 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201509914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
An iron-oxygen intermediate species generated in situ in the reductive activation of dioxygen by an iron(II)-benzilate complex of a monoanionic facial N3 ligand, promoted the halogenation of aliphatic C-H bonds in the presence of a protic acid and a halide anion. An electrophilic iron(IV)-oxo oxidant with a coordinated halide is proposed as the active oxidant. The halogenation reaction with dioxygen and the iron complex mimics the activity of non-heme iron halogenases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayanti Chatterjee
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-, 700032, India
| | - Tapan Kanti Paine
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-, 700032, India.
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Enzymatic Halogenases and Haloperoxidases: Computational Studies on Mechanism and Function. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2015; 100:113-51. [PMID: 26415843 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite the fact that halogenated compounds are rare in biology, a number of organisms have developed processes to utilize halogens and in recent years, a string of enzymes have been identified that selectively insert halogen atoms into, for instance, a CH aliphatic bond. Thus, a number of natural products, including antibiotics, contain halogenated functional groups. This unusual process has great relevance to the chemical industry for stereoselective and regiospecific synthesis of haloalkanes. Currently, however, industry utilizes few applications of biological haloperoxidases and halogenases, but efforts are being worked on to understand their catalytic mechanism, so that their catalytic function can be upscaled. In this review, we summarize experimental and computational studies on the catalytic mechanism of a range of haloperoxidases and halogenases with structurally very different catalytic features and cofactors. This chapter gives an overview of heme-dependent haloperoxidases, nonheme vanadium-dependent haloperoxidases, and flavin adenine dinucleotide-dependent haloperoxidases. In addition, we discuss the S-adenosyl-l-methionine fluoridase and nonheme iron/α-ketoglutarate-dependent halogenases. In particular, computational efforts have been applied extensively for several of these haloperoxidases and halogenases and have given insight into the essential structural features that enable these enzymes to perform the unusual halogen atom transfer to substrates.
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Sainna MA, Singh D, Kumar D, de Visser SP. A Trimetal Carbene with Reactivity Reminiscent of Fischer–Tropsch Catalysis. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mala A. Sainna
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology and School of Chemical Engineering and
Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Devendra Singh
- Department
of Applied Physics, School for Physical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Rae Bareilly Road, Lucknow (U. P.) 226 025, India
| | - Devesh Kumar
- Department
of Applied Physics, School for Physical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Rae Bareilly Road, Lucknow (U. P.) 226 025, India
| | - Sam P. de Visser
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology and School of Chemical Engineering and
Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
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Planas O, Clémancey M, Latour JM, Company A, Costas M. Structural modeling of iron halogenases: synthesis and reactivity of halide-iron(IV)-oxo compounds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:10887-90. [PMID: 25093575 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc03234a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A structural synthetic model of the iron(IV)-oxo-halide active species of non-heme iron dependent halogenases is reported. Compounds with general formula [Fe(IV)(O)(X)(Pytacn)](+) (1-X, X = Cl, Br) have been prepared and characterized spectroscopically and chemically with regard to their oxidizing ability. 1-X performs hydrogen-atom abstraction of C-H bonds at reaction rates 2-3 times faster than the corresponding solvato dicationic species, thus modelling the first step in C-H functionalization taking place in natural halogenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Planas
- Grup de Química Bioinorgànica i Supramolecular (QBIS), Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC), Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, E17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
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26
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Rana S, Bag S, Patra T, Maiti D. Catalytic Electrophilic Halogenations and Haloalkoxylations by Non-Heme Iron Halides. Adv Synth Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201400316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Prat I, Company A, Postils V, Ribas X, Que L, Luis JM, Costas M. The mechanism of stereospecific C-H oxidation by Fe(Pytacn) complexes: bioinspired non-heme iron catalysts containing cis-labile exchangeable sites. Chemistry 2013; 19:6724-38. [PMID: 23536410 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201300110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A detailed mechanistic study of the hydroxylation of alkane C-H bonds using H2O2 by a family of mononuclear non heme iron catalysts with the formula [Fe(II)(CF3SO3)2(L)] is described, in which L is a tetradentate ligand containing a triazacyclononane tripod and a pyridine ring bearing different substituents at the α and γ positions, which tune the electronic or steric properties of the corresponding iron complexes. Two inequivalent cis-labile exchangeable sites, occupied by triflate ions, complete the octahedral iron coordination sphere. The C-H hydroxylation mediated by this family of complexes takes place with retention of configuration. Oxygen atoms from water are incorporated into hydroxylated products and the extent of this incorporation depends in a systematic manner on the nature of the catalyst, and the substrate. Mechanistic probes and isotopic analyses, in combination with detailed density functional theory (DFT) calculations, provide strong evidence that C-H hydroxylation is performed by highly electrophilic [Fe(V)(O)(OH)L] species through a concerted asynchronous mechanism, involving homolytic breakage of the C-H bond, followed by rebound of the hydroxyl ligand. The [Fe(V)(O)(OH)L] species can exist in two tautomeric forms, differing in the position of oxo and hydroxide ligands. Isotopic-labeling analysis shows that the relative reactivities of the two tautomeric forms are sensitively affected by the α substituent of the pyridine, and this reactivity behavior is rationalized by computational methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Prat
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC), Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain
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Ansari A, Kaushik A, Rajaraman G. Mechanistic Insights on the ortho-Hydroxylation of Aromatic Compounds by Non-heme Iron Complex: A Computational Case Study on the Comparative Oxidative Ability of Ferric-Hydroperoxo and High-Valent FeIV═O and FeV═O Intermediates. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:4235-49. [DOI: 10.1021/ja307077f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Azaj Ansari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Abhishek Kaushik
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Gopalan Rajaraman
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
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