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Kuchur O, Pogodaeva S, Shcherbakova A, Tsymbal S. Atox1-cyclin D1 loop activity is critical for survival of tumor cells with inactivated TP53. Biosci Rep 2024; 44:BSR20240389. [PMID: 38813981 PMCID: PMC11166628 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20240389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The search for relevant molecular targets is one of the main tasks of modern tumor chemotherapy. To successfully achieve this, it is necessary to have the most complete understanding of the functioning of a transcriptional apparatus of the cell, particularly related to proliferation. The p53 protein plays an important role in regulating processes such as apoptosis, repair, and cell division, and the loss of its functionality often accompanies various types of tumors and contributes to the development of chemoresistance. Additionally, the proliferative activity of tumor cells is closely related to the metabolism of transition metals. For example, the metallochaperone Atox1 - a copper transporter protein - acts as a transcription activator for cyclin D1, promoting progression through the G1/S phase of the cell cycle. On the other hand, p53 suppresses cyclin D1 at the transcriptional level, thereby these proteins have divergent effects on cell cycle progression. However, the contribution of the interaction between these proteins to cell survival is poorly understood. This work demonstrates that not only exists a positive feedback loop between Atox1 and cyclin D1 but also that the activity of this loop depends on the status of the TP53 gene. Upon inactivation of TP53 in A549 and HepG2 cell lines, the expression of ATOX1 and CCND1 genes is enhanced, and their suppression in these cells leads to pronounced apoptosis. This fundamental observation may be useful in selecting more precise interventions for combined therapy of p53-negative tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg A. Kuchur
- National Research University ITMO, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia
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2
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Liu WQ, Lin WR, Yan L, Xu WH, Yang J. Copper homeostasis and cuproptosis in cancer immunity and therapy. Immunol Rev 2024; 321:211-227. [PMID: 37715546 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Copper is an essential nutrient for maintaining enzyme activity and transcription factor function. Excess copper results in the aggregation of lipoylated dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase (DLAT), which correlates to the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, resulting in proteotoxic stress and eliciting a novel cell death modality: cuproptosis. Cuproptosis exerts an indispensable role in cancer progression, which is considered a promising strategy for cancer therapy. Cancer immunotherapy has gained extensive attention owing to breakthroughs in immune checkpoint blockade; furthermore, cuproptosis is strongly connected to the modulation of antitumor immunity. Thus, a thorough recognition concerning the mechanisms involved in the modulation of copper metabolism and cuproptosis may facilitate improvement in cancer management. This review outlines the cellular and molecular mechanisms and characteristics of cuproptosis and the links of the novel regulated cell death modality with human cancers. We also review the current knowledge on the complex effects of cuproptosis on antitumor immunity and immune response. Furthermore, potential agents that elicit cuproptosis pathways are summarized. Lastly, we discuss the influence of cuproptosis induction on the tumor microenvironment as well as the challenges of adding cuproptosis regulators to therapeutic strategies beyond traditional therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Qing Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine-Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wan-Rong Lin
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Internal Medicine-Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wen-Hao Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine-Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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3
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Tsymbal S, Refeld A, Zatsepin V, Kuchur O. The p53 protein is a suppressor of Atox1 copper chaperon in tumor cells under genotoxic effects. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295944. [PMID: 38127999 PMCID: PMC10735018 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The p53 protein is crucial for regulating cell survival and apoptosis in response to DNA damage. However, its influence on therapy effectiveness is controversial: when DNA damage is high p53 directs cells toward apoptosis, while under moderate genotoxic stress it saves the cells from death and promote DNA repair. Furthermore, these processes are influenced by the metabolism of transition metals, particularly copper since they serve as cofactors for critical enzymes. The metallochaperone Atox1 is under intensive study in this context because it serves as transcription factor allegedly mediating described effects of copper. Investigating the interaction between p53 and Atox1 could provide insights into tumor cell survival and potential therapeutic applications in oncology. This study explores the relationship between p53 and Atox1 in HCT116 and A549 cell lines with wild type and knockout TP53. The study found an inverse correlation between Atox1 and p53 at the transcriptional and translational levels in response to genotoxic stress. Atox1 expression decreased with increased p53 activity, while cells with inactive p53 had significantly higher levels of Atox1. Suppression of both genes increased apoptosis, while suppression of the ATOX1 gene prevented apoptosis even under the treatment with chemotherapeutic drugs. The findings suggest that Atox1 may act as one of key elements in promotion of cell cycle under DNA-damaging conditions, while p53 works as an antagonist by inhibiting Atox1. Understanding of this relationship could help identify potential targets in cell signaling pathways to enhance the effectiveness of combined antitumor therapy, especially in tumors with mutant or inactive p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Tsymbal
- International Institute ‘Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies’, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Aleksandr Refeld
- International Institute ‘Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies’, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Oleg Kuchur
- International Institute ‘Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies’, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Guo J, Sun Y, Liu G. The mechanism of copper transporters in ovarian cancer cells and the prospect of cuproptosis. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 247:112324. [PMID: 37481825 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Copper transporters can not only carry copper (Cu) to maintain the homeostasis of Cu in cells but also transport platinum-based chemotherapy drugs. The effect of copper transporters on chemosensitivity has been demonstrated in a variety of malignancies. In addition, recent studies have reported that copper transporters can act as vectors to induce cuproptosis. Therefore, copper transporters can act on cells through different mechanisms to achieve different purposes. This review mainly describes the current research progress of the intracellular transport mechanism of copper transporters and cuproptosis, and prospects for the application of them in the treatment of ovarian cancer (OC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahuan Guo
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Guoyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China.
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5
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Carrasco-Hernandez J, Ramos-Méndez J, Padilla-Rodal E, Avila-Rodriguez MA. Cellular lethal damage of 64Cu incorporated in mammalian genome evaluated with Monte Carlo methods. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1253746. [PMID: 37841004 PMCID: PMC10575761 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1253746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Targeted Radionuclide Therapy (TRT) with Auger Emitters (AE) is a technique that allows targeting specific sites on tumor cells using radionuclides. The toxicity of AE is critically dependent on its proximity to the DNA. The aim of this study is to quantify the DNA damage and radiotherapeutic potential of the promising AE radionuclide copper-64 (64Cu) incorporated into the DNA of mammalian cells using Monte Carlo track-structure simulations. Methods A mammalian cell nucleus model with a diameter of 9.3 μm available in TOPAS-nBio was used. The cellular nucleus consisted of double-helix DNA geometrical model of 2.3 nm diameter surrounded by a hydration shell with a thickness of 0.16 nm, organized in 46 chromosomes giving a total of 6.08 giga base-pairs (DNA density of 14.4 Mbp/μm3). The cellular nucleus was irradiated with monoenergetic electrons and radiation emissions from several radionuclides including 111In, 125I, 123I, and 99mTc in addition to 64Cu. For monoenergetic electrons, isotropic point sources randomly distributed within the nucleus were modeled. The radionuclides were incorporated in randomly chosen DNA base pairs at two positions near to the central axis of the double-helix DNA model at (1) 0.25 nm off the central axis and (2) at the periphery of the DNA (1.15 nm off the central axis). For all the radionuclides except for 99mTc, the complete physical decay process was explicitly simulated. For 99mTc only total electron spectrum from published data was used. The DNA Double Strand Breaks (DSB) yield per decay from direct and indirect actions were quantified. Results obtained for monoenergetic electrons and radionuclides 111In, 125I, 123I, and 99mTc were compared with measured and calculated data from the literature for verification purposes. The DSB yields per decay incorporated in DNA for 64Cu are first reported in this work. The therapeutic effect of 64Cu (activity that led 37% cell survival after two cell divisions) was determined in terms of the number of atoms incorporated into the nucleus that would lead to the same DSBs that 100 decays of 125I. Simulations were run until a 2% statistical uncertainty (1 standard deviation) was achieved. Results The behavior of DSBs as a function of the energy for monoenergetic electrons was consistent with published data, the DSBs increased with the energy until it reached a maximum value near 500 eV followed by a continuous decrement. For 64Cu, when incorporated in the genome at evaluated positions (1) and (2), the DSB were 0.171 ± 0.003 and 0.190 ± 0.003 DSB/decay, respectively. The number of initial atoms incorporated into the genome (per cell) for 64Cu that would cause a therapeutic effect was estimated as 3,107 ± 28, that corresponds to an initial activity of 47.1 ± 0.4 × 10-3 Bq. Conclusion Our results showed that TRT with 64Cu has comparable therapeutic effects in cells as that of TRT with radionuclides currently used in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhonatan Carrasco-Hernandez
- Departamento de Estructura de la Materia, Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Ramos-Méndez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Padilla-Rodal
- Departamento de Estructura de la Materia, Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel A. Avila-Rodriguez
- Unidad Radiofarmacia-Ciclotrón, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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Xue Q, Kang R, Klionsky DJ, Tang D, Liu J, Chen X. Copper metabolism in cell death and autophagy. Autophagy 2023; 19:2175-2195. [PMID: 37055935 PMCID: PMC10351475 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2200554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper is an essential trace element in biological systems, maintaining the activity of enzymes and the function of transcription factors. However, at high concentrations, copper ions show increased toxicity by inducing regulated cell death, such as apoptosis, paraptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and cuproptosis. Furthermore, copper ions can trigger macroautophagy/autophagy, a lysosome-dependent degradation pathway that plays a dual role in regulating the survival or death fate of cells under various stress conditions. Pathologically, impaired copper metabolism due to environmental or genetic causes is implicated in a variety of human diseases, such as rare Wilson disease and common cancers. Therapeutically, copper-based compounds are potential chemotherapeutic agents that can be used alone or in combination with other drugs or approaches to treat cancer. Here, we review the progress made in understanding copper metabolic processes and their impact on the regulation of cell death and autophagy. This knowledge may help in the design of future clinical tools to improve cancer diagnosis and treatment.Abbreviations: ACSL4, acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 4; AIFM1/AIF, apoptosis inducing factor mitochondria associated 1; AIFM2, apoptosis inducing factor mitochondria associated 2; ALDH, aldehyde dehydrogenase; ALOX, arachidonate lipoxygenase; AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase; APAF1, apoptotic peptidase activating factor 1; ATF4, activating transcription factor 4; ATG, autophagy related; ATG13, autophagy related 13; ATG5, autophagy related 5; ATOX1, antioxidant 1 copper chaperone; ATP, adenosine triphosphate; ATP7A, ATPase copper transporting alpha; ATP7B, ATPase copper transporting beta; BAK1, BCL2 antagonist/killer 1; BAX, BCL2 associated X apoptosis regulator; BBC3/PUMA, BCL2 binding component 3; BCS, bathocuproinedisulfonic acid; BECN1, beclin 1; BID, BH3 interacting domain death agonist; BRCA1, BRCA1 DNA repair associated; BSO, buthionine sulphoximine; CASP1, caspase 1; CASP3, caspase 3; CASP4/CASP11, caspase 4; CASP5, caspase 5; CASP8, caspase 8; CASP9, caspase 9; CCS, copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase; CD274/PD-L1, CD274 molecule; CDH2, cadherin 2; CDKN1A/p21, cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A; CDKN1B/p27, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B; COMMD10, COMM domain containing 10; CoQ10, coenzyme Q 10; CoQ10H2, reduced coenzyme Q 10; COX11, cytochrome c oxidase copper chaperone COX11; COX17, cytochrome c oxidase copper chaperone COX17; CP, ceruloplasmin; CYCS, cytochrome c, somatic; DBH, dopamine beta-hydroxylase; DDIT3/CHOP, DNA damage inducible transcript 3; DLAT, dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase; DTC, diethyldithiocarbamate; EIF2A, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A; EIF2AK3/PERK, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; ESCRT-III, endosomal sorting complex required for transport-III; ETC, electron transport chain; FABP3, fatty acid binding protein 3; FABP7, fatty acid binding protein 7; FADD, Fas associated via death domain; FAS, Fas cell surface death receptor; FASL, Fas ligand; FDX1, ferredoxin 1; GNAQ/11, G protein subunit alpha q/11; GPX4, glutathione peroxidase 4; GSDMD, gasdermin D; GSH, glutathione; HDAC, histone deacetylase; HIF1, hypoxia inducible factor 1; HIF1A, hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha; HMGB1, high mobility group box 1; IL1B, interleukin 1 beta; IL17, interleukin 17; KRAS, KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase; LOX, lysyl oxidase; LPCAT3, lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 3; MAP1LC3, microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MAP2K1, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1; MAP2K2, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinases; MAPK14/p38, mitogen-activated protein kinase 14; MEMO1, mediator of cell motility 1; MT-CO1/COX1, mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I; MT-CO2/COX2, mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II; MTOR, mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; MTs, metallothioneins; NAC, N-acetylcysteine; NFKB/NF-Κb, nuclear factor kappa B; NLRP3, NLR family pyrin domain containing 3; NPLOC4/NPL4, NPL4 homolog ubiquitin recognition factor; PDE3B, phosphodiesterase 3B; PDK1, phosphoinositide dependent protein kinase 1; PHD, prolyl-4-hydroxylase domain; PIK3C3/VPS34, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3; PMAIP1/NOXA, phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1; POR, cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase; PUFA-PL, PUFA of phospholipids; PUFAs, polyunsaturated fatty acids; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SCO1, synthesis of cytochrome C oxidase 1; SCO2, synthesis of cytochrome C oxidase 2; SLC7A11, solute carrier family 7 member 11; SLC11A2/DMT1, solute carrier family 11 member 2; SLC31A1/CTR1, solute carrier family 31 member 1; SLC47A1, solute carrier family 47 member 1; SOD1, superoxide dismutase; SP1, Sp1 transcription factor; SQSTM1/p62, sequestosome 1; STEAP4, STEAP4 metalloreductase; TAX1BP1, Tax1 binding protein 1; TEPA, tetraethylenepentamine; TFEB, transcription factor EB; TM, tetrathiomolybdate; TP53/p53, tumor protein p53; TXNRD1, thioredoxin reductase 1; UCHL5, ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L5; ULK1, Unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; ULK1, unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; ULK2, unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 2; USP14, ubiquitin specific peptidase 14; VEGF, vascular endothelial gro wth factor; XIAP, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xue
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Daniel J. Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jinbao Liu
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Yang D, Xiao P, Qiu B, Yu HF, Teng CB. Copper chaperone antioxidant 1: multiple roles and a potential therapeutic target. J Mol Med (Berl) 2023; 101:527-542. [PMID: 37017692 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02311-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) was recently demonstrated to play a critical role in cellular physiological and biochemical processes, including energy production and maintenance, antioxidation and enzymatic activity, and signal transduction. Antioxidant 1 (ATOX1), a chaperone of Cu previously named human ATX1 homologue (HAH1), has been found to play an indispensable role in maintaining cellular Cu homeostasis, antioxidative stress, and transcriptional regulation. In the past decade, it has also been found to be involved in a variety of diseases, including numerous neurodegenerative diseases, cancers, and metabolic diseases. Recently, increasing evidence has revealed that ATOX1 is involved in the regulation of cell migration, proliferation, autophagy, DNA damage repair (DDR), and death, as well as in organism development and reproduction. This review summarizes recent advances in the research on the diverse physiological and cytological functions of ATOX1 and the underlying mechanisms of its action in human health and diseases. The potential of ATOX1 as a therapeutic target is also discussed. This review aims to pose unanswered questions related to ATOX1 biology and explore the potential use of ATOX1 as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Yang
- Animal Development Biology Laboratory, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengyu Xiao
- Animal Development Biology Laboratory, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Botao Qiu
- Animal Development Biology Laboratory, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Fan Yu
- Animal Development Biology Laboratory, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chun-Bo Teng
- Animal Development Biology Laboratory, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China.
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He F, Zeng P, Ma S, Yang X, Liu H, Liu Q, Zhou Y, Zhu H. Identification and validation of a novel cuproptosis-related genes signature associated with prognosis, clinical implications and immunotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1088993. [PMID: 36843949 PMCID: PMC9947158 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1088993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cuproptosis is a novel type of regulated cell death and is reported to promote tumor occurrence and progression. However, whether a cuproptosis-related signature has an impact on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still unclear. Materials and methods: We analyzed the transcriptome data of HCC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) database, and searched for tumor types with different cuproptosis patterns through consistent clustering of cuproptosis genes. We then constructed a Cuproptosis-Related Genes (CRGs)-based risk signature through LASSO COX regression, and further analyzed its impact on the prognosis, clinical characteristics, immune cell infiltration, and drug sensitivity of HCC. Results: We identified the expression changes of 10 cuproptosis-related genes in HCC, and all the patients can be divided into two subtypes with different prognosis by applying the consensus clustering algorithm. We then constructed a cuproptosis-related risk signature and identified five CRGs, which were highly correlated with prognosis and representative of this gene set, namely G6PD, PRR11, KIF20A, EZH2, and CDCA8. Patients in the low CRGs signature group had a favorable prognosis. We further validated the CRGs signature in ICGC cohorts and got consistent results. Besides, we also discovered that the CRGs signature was significantly associated with a variety of clinical characteristics, different immune landscapes and drug sensitivity. Moreover, we explored that the high CRGs signature group was more sensitive to immunotherapy. Conclusion: Our integrative analysis demonstrated the potential molecular signature and clinical applications of CRGs in HCC. The model based on CRGs can precisely predict the survival outcomes of HCC, and help better guide risk stratification and treatment strategy for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjiao He
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,Hunan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Puhua Zeng
- Hunan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Sijing Ma
- Hunan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Ximing Yang
- Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yangying Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,*Correspondence: Yangying Zhou, ; Hong Zhu,
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,*Correspondence: Yangying Zhou, ; Hong Zhu,
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9
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Tsymbal SA, Refeld AG, Kuchur OA. The p53 Tumor Suppressor and Copper Metabolism: An Unrevealed but Important Link. Mol Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893322060188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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10
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Tsymbal S, Li G, Agadzhanian N, Sun Y, Zhang J, Dukhinova M, Fedorov V, Shevtsov M. Recent Advances in Copper-Based Organic Complexes and Nanoparticles for Tumor Theranostics. Molecules 2022; 27:7066. [PMID: 36296659 PMCID: PMC9611640 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27207066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of drug-resistant forms of cancer requires consideration of their hallmark features, such as abnormal cell death mechanisms or mutations in drug-responding molecular pathways. Malignant cells differ from their normal counterparts in numerous aspects, including copper metabolism. Intracellular copper levels are elevated in various cancer types, and this phenomenon could be employed for the development of novel oncotherapeutic approaches. Copper maintains the cell oxidation levels, regulates the protein activity and metabolism, and is involved in inflammation. Various copper-based compounds, such as nanoparticles or metal-based organic complexes, show specific activity against cancer cells according to preclinical studies. Herein, we summarize the major principles of copper metabolism in cancer cells and its potential in cancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Tsymbal
- International Institute of Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies, ITMO University, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ge Li
- Cancer Center & Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 2000 Xiang’an Road East, Xiamen 361101, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Endocrine-Related Cancer Precision Medicine, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China
| | - Nikol Agadzhanian
- International Institute of Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies, ITMO University, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yuhao Sun
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Jiazhennan Zhang
- Day-Care Department, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Marina Dukhinova
- International Institute of Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies, ITMO University, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Viacheslav Fedorov
- Laboratory of Biomedical Nanotechnologies, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Maxim Shevtsov
- Laboratory of Biomedical Nanotechnologies, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Personalized Medicine Centre, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Str., 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
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Qasem Z, Pavlin M, Ritacco I, Avivi MY, Meron S, Hirsch M, Shenberger Y, Gevorkyan-Airapetov L, Magistrato A, Ruthstein S. Disrupting Cu trafficking as a potential therapy for cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1011294. [PMID: 36299299 PMCID: PMC9589254 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1011294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper ions play a crucial role in various cellular biological processes. However, these copper ions can also lead to toxicity when their concentration is not controlled by a sophisticated copper-trafficking system. Copper dys-homeostasis has been linked to a variety of diseases, including neurodegeneration and cancer. Therefore, manipulating Cu-trafficking to trigger selective cancer cell death may be a viable strategy with therapeutic benefit. By exploiting combined in silico and experimental strategies, we identified small peptides able to bind Atox1 and metal-binding domains 3-4 of ATP7B proteins. We found that these peptides reduced the proliferation of cancer cells owing to increased cellular copper ions concentration. These outcomes support the idea of harming copper trafficking as an opportunity for devising novel anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zena Qasem
- Department of Chemistry and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Matic Pavlin
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR)—Institute of Material (IOM) C/o International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
- Department of Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ida Ritacco
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR)—Institute of Material (IOM) C/o International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Matan Y. Avivi
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life-Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Shelly Meron
- Department of Chemistry and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Melanie Hirsch
- Department of Chemistry and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Yulia Shenberger
- Department of Chemistry and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Lada Gevorkyan-Airapetov
- Department of Chemistry and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Alessandra Magistrato
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR)—Institute of Material (IOM) C/o International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
- *Correspondence: Alessandra Magistrato, ; Sharon Ruthstein,
| | - Sharon Ruthstein
- Department of Chemistry and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- *Correspondence: Alessandra Magistrato, ; Sharon Ruthstein,
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12
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Sudhahar V, Shi Y, Kaplan JH, Ushio-Fukai M, Fukai T. Whole-Transcriptome Sequencing Analyses of Nuclear Antixoxidant-1 in Endothelial Cells: Role in Inflammation and Atherosclerosis. Cells 2022; 11:2919. [PMID: 36139494 PMCID: PMC9496719 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation, oxidative stress, and copper (Cu) play an important role in cardiovascular disease, including atherosclerosis. We previously reported that cytosolic Cu chaperone antioxidant-1 (Atox1) translocates to the nucleus in response to inflammatory cytokines or exogenous Cu and that Atox1 is localized at the nucleus in the endothelium of inflamed atherosclerotic aorta. However, the roles of nuclear Atox1 and their function are poorly understood. Here we showed that Atox1 deficiency in ApoE-/- mice with a Western diet exhibited a significant reduction of atherosclerotic lesion formation. In vitro, adenovirus-mediated overexpression of nuclear-targeted Atox1 (Ad-Atox1-NLS) in cultured human endothelial cells (ECs) increased monocyte adhesion and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production compared to control cells (Ad-null). To address the underlying mechanisms, we performed genome-wide mapping of Atox1-regulated targets in ECs, using an unbiased systemic approach integrating sequencing data. Combination of ChIP-Seq and RNA-Seq analyses in ECs transfected with Ad-Atox1-NLS or Ad-null identified 1387 differentially expressed genes (DEG). Motif enrichment assay and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that 248 differentially expressed genes, including inflammatory and angiogenic genes, were regulated by Atox1-NLS, which was then confirmed by real-time qPCR. Among these genes, functional analysis of inflammatory responses identified CD137, CSF1, and IL5RA as new nuclear Atox1-targeted inflammatory genes, while CD137 is also a key regulator of Atox1-NLS-induced ROS production. These findings uncover new nuclear Atox1 downstream targets involved in inflammation and ROS production and provide insights into the nuclear Atox1 as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varadarajan Sudhahar
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30901, USA
| | - Yang Shi
- Department of Population Health Science, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Jack H. Kaplan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Masuko Ushio-Fukai
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Tohru Fukai
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30901, USA
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13
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Khosravifarsani M, Ait-Mohand S, Paquette B, Sanche L, Guérin B. High Cytotoxic Effect by Combining Copper-64 with a NOTA-Terpyridine Platinum Conjugate. J Med Chem 2021; 64:6765-6776. [PMID: 33909440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Terpyridine platinum (TP)-based chemotherapeutic agents target three-dimensional structures on DNA known as G-quadruplexes. We report the rational design and synthesis of a TP conjugate combined with copper-64 (64Cu), the decay characteristics of which include emission of β- and Auger electrons for radiotherapy and β+ particles for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. The present experimental studies show that the novel [64Cu]Cu-1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid (NOTA)-TP is stable, permitting selective killing of cancer cells. The antitumor activity of [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-TP at high apparent molar activity is in the low nanomolar range and 27,800-fold greater than that of natCu-NOTA-TP at 24 h post treatment. These results suggest that this combination of a cytotoxic TP agent with 64Cu has considerable potential for cancer treatment and PET imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Khosravifarsani
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Samia Ait-Mohand
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Benoit Paquette
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Léon Sanche
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Brigitte Guérin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada.,Sherbrooke Molecular Imaging Center (CIMS), CRCHUS, 3001, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
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14
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Collins JF. Copper nutrition and biochemistry and human (patho)physiology. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2021; 96:311-364. [PMID: 34112357 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The essential trace mineral copper plays important roles in human physiology and pathophysiology. Disruption of copper homeostasis may underlie the development of ischemic heart disease, and connective tissue and neurodegenerative disorders. Copper also likely participates in the host response to bacterial infection and is further implicated more broadly in regulating immunity. Recent studies further associate copper with disruption of lipid homeostasis, as is frequently seen in, for example, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Moreover, continuing investigation of copper chaperones has revealed new roles for these intracellular copper-binding proteins. Despite these (and many other) significant advances, many questions related to copper biology remain unanswered. For example, what are the most sensitive and specific biomarkers of copper status, and which ones are useful in marginal (or "sub-clinical" copper deficiency)? Further research on this topic is required to inform future investigations of copper metabolism in humans (so the copper status of study participants can be fully appreciated). Also, are current recommendations for copper intake adequate? Recent studies suggest that overt copper deficiency is more common than once thought, and further, some have suggested that the copper RDAs for adults may be too low. Additional human balance and interventional studies are necessary and could provide the impetus for reconsidering the copper RDAs in the future. These and myriad other unresolved aspects of copper nutrition will undoubtedly be the focus of future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F Collins
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
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15
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Bolzati C, Duatti A. The emerging value of 64Cu for molecular imaging and therapy. THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE ITALIAN ASSOCIATION OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE (AIMN) [AND] THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF RADIOPHARMACOLOGY (IAR), [AND] SECTION OF THE SOCIETY OF RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2020; 64:329-337. [PMID: 33026210 DOI: 10.23736/s1824-4785.20.03292-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Along with other novel metallic radionuclides, copper-64 (64Cu) is currently being investigated as an alternative option to the gallium-68 (68Ga) and lutetium-177 (177Lu) radiopharmaceuticals widely used for targeting somatostatin receptors, expressed by neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), and recently prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA), expressed by prostate cancer cells. This interest is mostly driven by the peculiar nuclear properties of 64Cu that make it an almost ideal example of theranostic radionuclide. In fact, 64Cu emits both low-energy positrons, β- particles and a swarm of Auger electrons. This combination of different emissions may allow to collect high-resolution PET images, but also to use the same radiopharmaceutical for eliciting a therapeutic effect. Another unique behavior of 64Cu originates from the fundamental biological role played in organisms by the ionic forms of the copper element, which is naturally involved in a multitude of cellular processes including cell replication. These intrinsic biological characteristics has led to the discovery that 64Cu, under its simplest dicationic form Cu2+, is able to specifically target a variety of cancerous cells and to detect the onset of a metastatic process in its initial stage. This short review reports an outline of the status of 64Cu radiopharmaceuticals and of the most relevant results that are constantly disclosed by preclinical and investigational clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adriano Duatti
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy -
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16
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Carrasco-Hernández J, Ramos-Méndez J, Faddegon B, Jalilian AR, Moranchel M, Ávila-Rodríguez MA. Monte Carlo track-structure for the radionuclide Copper-64: characterization of S-values, nanodosimetry and quantification of direct damage to DNA. Phys Med Biol 2020; 65:155005. [PMID: 32303013 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ab8aaa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
TOPAS-nBio was used to simulate, collision-to-collision, the complete trajectories of electrons in water generated during the explicit simulation of 64Cu decay. S-values and direct damage to the DNA were calculated representing the cell (C) and the cell nucleus (N) with concentric spheres of 5 μm and 4 μm in radius, respectively. The considered 'target'←'source' configurations, including the cell surface (Cs) and cytoplasm (Cy), were: C←C, C←Cs, N←N, N←Cy and N←Cs. Ionization cluster size distributions were also calculated in a cylinder immersed in water corresponding to a DNA segment of 10 base-pairs in length (diameter 2.3 nm, length 3.4 nm), modeling a radioactive point source moving from the central axis to the edge of the cylinder. For that, the first moment (M1) and cumulative probability of having a cluster size of 2 or more ionizations in the cylindrical volume (F2) were obtained. Finally, the direct damage to the DNA was estimated by quantifying double-strand breaks (DSBs) using the clustering algorithm DBSCAN. The S-values obtained with TOPAS-nBio for 64Cu were 7.879 × 10-4 ± 5 × 10-7, 4.351 × 10-4 ± 6 × 10-7, 1.442 × 10-3 ± 1 × 10-6, 2.596 × 10-4 ± 8 × 10-7, 1.127 × 10-4 ± 4 × 10-7 Gy Bq-s-1 for the configurations C←C, C←Cs, N←N, N←Cy and N←Cs, respectively. The difference of these values, compared with previously reported S-values for 64Cu with the code MNCP and software MIRDCell, ranged from -4% to -25% for the configurations N←N and N←Cs, respectively. On the other hand, F2 was maximum with the source at the center of the cylinder 0.373 ± 0.001, and monotonically decreased until reaching a value of 0.058 ± 0.001 at 2.3 nm. The same behavior was observed for M1 with values ranging from 2.188 ± 0.004 to 0.242 ± 0.002. Finally, the DBSCAN algorithm showed that the mean number of DNA DSBs per decay were 0.187 ± 0.001, 0.0317 ± 0.0005, and 0.0125 ± 0.0002 DSB-(Bq-s)-1 for the configurations N←N, N←Cs, and N←Cy, respectively. In conclusion, the results of the S-values show that the absorbed dose strongly depends on the distribution of the radionuclide in the cell, the dose being higher when 64Cu is internalized in the cell nucleus, which is reinforced by the nanodosimetric study by the presence of DNA DSBs attributable to the Auger electrons emitted during the decay of 64Cu.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Carrasco-Hernández
- Escuela Superior de Física y Matemáticas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07738, México
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17
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García-Martín AB, Zwicky P, Gruber T, Matti C, Moalli F, Stein JV, Francisco D, Enzmann G, Levesque MP, Hewer E, Lyck R. VLA-4 mediated adhesion of melanoma cells on the blood-brain barrier is the critical cue for melanoma cell intercalation and barrier disruption. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2019; 39:1995-2010. [PMID: 29762071 PMCID: PMC6775593 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x18775887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive skin cancer in humans. One severe complication is the formation of brain metastasis, which requires extravasation of melanoma cells across the tight blood-brain barrier (BBB). Previously, VLA-4 has been assigned a role for the adhesive interaction of melanoma cells with non-BBB endothelial cells. However, the role of melanoma VLA-4 for breaching the BBB remained unknown. In this study, we used a mouse in vitro BBB model and imaged the shear resistant arrest of melanoma cells on the BBB. Similar to effector T cells, inflammatory conditions of the BBB increased the arrest of melanoma cells followed by a unique post-arrest behavior lacking immediate crawling. However, over time, melanoma cells intercalated into the BBB and compromised its barrier properties. Most importantly, antibody ablation of VLA-4 abrogated melanoma shear resistant arrest on and intercalation into the BBB and protected the BBB from barrier breakdown. A tissue microarray established from human brain metastasis revealed that indeed a majority of 92% of all human melanoma brain metastases stained VLA-4 positive. We propose VLA-4 as a target for the inhibition of brain metastasis formation in the context of personalized medicine identifying metastasizing VLA-4 positive melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pascale Zwicky
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Gruber
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Matti
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Federica Moalli
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jens V Stein
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - David Francisco
- Interfaculty Bioinformatics Unit, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gaby Enzmann
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mitchell P Levesque
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ekkehard Hewer
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ruth Lyck
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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18
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Puchkova LV, Broggini M, Polishchuk EV, Ilyechova EY, Polishchuk RS. Silver Ions as a Tool for Understanding Different Aspects of Copper Metabolism. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1364. [PMID: 31213024 PMCID: PMC6627586 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, copper is an important micronutrient because it is a cofactor of ubiquitous and brain-specific cuproenzymes, as well as a secondary messenger. Failure of the mechanisms supporting copper balance leads to the development of neurodegenerative, oncological, and other severe disorders, whose treatment requires a detailed understanding of copper metabolism. In the body, bioavailable copper exists in two stable oxidation states, Cu(I) and Cu(II), both of which are highly toxic. The toxicity of copper ions is usually overcome by coordinating them with a wide range of ligands. These include the active cuproenzyme centers, copper-binding protein motifs to ensure the safe delivery of copper to its physiological location, and participants in the Cu(I) ↔ Cu(II) redox cycle, in which cellular copper is stored. The use of modern experimental approaches has allowed the overall picture of copper turnover in the cells and the organism to be clarified. However, many aspects of this process remain poorly understood. Some of them can be found out using abiogenic silver ions (Ag(I)), which are isoelectronic to Cu(I). This review covers the physicochemical principles of the ability of Ag(I) to substitute for copper ions in transport proteins and cuproenzyme active sites, the effectiveness of using Ag(I) to study copper routes in the cells and the body, and the limitations associated with Ag(I) remaining stable in only one oxidation state. The use of Ag(I) to restrict copper transport to tumors and the consequences of large-scale use of silver nanoparticles for human health are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila V Puchkova
- Laboratory of Trace elements metabolism, ITMO University, Kronverksky av., 49, St.-Petersburg 197101, Russia.
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Research Institute of Experimental Medicine, Acad. Pavlov str., 12, St.-Petersburg 197376, Russia.
- Department of Biophysics, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Politekhnicheskaya str., 29, St.-Petersburg 195251, Russia.
| | - Massimo Broggini
- Laboratory of Trace elements metabolism, ITMO University, Kronverksky av., 49, St.-Petersburg 197101, Russia.
- Laboratory of molecular pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri" IRCCS, Via La Masa, 19, Milan 20156, Italy.
| | - Elena V Polishchuk
- Laboratory of Trace elements metabolism, ITMO University, Kronverksky av., 49, St.-Petersburg 197101, Russia.
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli (NA) 80078, Italy.
| | - Ekaterina Y Ilyechova
- Laboratory of Trace elements metabolism, ITMO University, Kronverksky av., 49, St.-Petersburg 197101, Russia.
| | - Roman S Polishchuk
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli (NA) 80078, Italy.
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Naletova I, Satriano C, Curci A, Margiotta N, Natile G, Arena G, La Mendola D, Nicoletti VG, Rizzarelli E. Cytotoxic phenanthroline derivatives alter metallostasis and redox homeostasis in neuroblastoma cells. Oncotarget 2018; 9:36289-36316. [PMID: 30555630 PMCID: PMC6284747 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper homeostasis is generally investigated focusing on a single component of the metallostasis network. Here we address several of the factors controlling the metallostasis for neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) upon treatment with 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione (phendione) and 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (cuproindione). These compounds bind and transport copper inside cells, exert their cytotoxic activity through the induction of oxidative stress, causing apoptosis and alteration of the cellular redox and copper homeostasis network. The intracellular pathway ensured by copper transporters (Ctr1, ATP7A), chaperones (CCS, ATOX, COX 17, Sco1, Sco2), small molecules (GSH) and transcription factors (p53) is scrutinised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Naletova
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici (CIRCMSB), Bari, Italy
| | - Cristina Satriano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici (CIRCMSB), Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Curci
- Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici (CIRCMSB), Bari, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Margiotta
- Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici (CIRCMSB), Bari, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Natile
- Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici (CIRCMSB), Bari, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Arena
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici (CIRCMSB), Bari, Italy
| | - Diego La Mendola
- Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici (CIRCMSB), Bari, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Giuseppe Nicoletti
- Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici (CIRCMSB), Bari, Italy
- Section of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Enrico Rizzarelli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici (CIRCMSB), Bari, Italy
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20
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The emerging role of copper-64 radiopharmaceuticals as cancer theranostics. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:1489-1501. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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21
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Righi S, Ugolini M, Bottoni G, Puntoni M, Iacozzi M, Paparo F, Cabria M, Ceriani L, Gambaro M, Giovanella L, Piccardo A. Biokinetic and dosimetric aspects of 64CuCl 2 in human prostate cancer: possible theranostic implications. EJNMMI Res 2018; 8:18. [PMID: 29492782 PMCID: PMC5833894 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-018-0373-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study is to evaluate the kinetics and dosimetry of 64CuCl2 in human prostate cancer (PCa) lesions. We prospectively evaluated 50 PCa patients with biochemical relapse after surgery or external beam radiation therapy. All patients underwent 64CuCl2-PET/CT to detect PCa recurrence/metastases. Volumes of interest were manually drawn for each 64CuCl2 avid PCa lesion with a diameter > 1 cm on mpMRI in each patient. Time-activity curves for all lesions were obtained. The effective and biological half-life and the standard uptake values (SUVs) were calculated. Tumour/background ratio (TBR) curves as a function of time were considered. Finally, the absorbed dose per lesion was estimated. RESULTS The mean effective half-life of 64CuCl2 calculated in the lymph nodes (10.2 ± 1.7 h) was significantly higher than in local relapses (8.8 ± 1.1 h) and similar to that seen in bone metastases (9.0 ± 0.4 h). The mean 64CuCl2 SUVmax calculated 1 h after tracer injection was significantly higher in the lymph nodes (6.8 ± 4.3) and bone metastases (6.8 ± 2.9) than in local relapses (4.7 ± 2.4). TBR mean curve of 64CuCl2 revealed that the calculated TBRmax value was 5.0, 7.0, and 6.2 in local relapse and lymph node and bone metastases, respectively, and it was achieved about 1 h after 64CuCl2 injection. The mean absorbed dose of the PCa lesions per administrated activity was 6.00E-2 ± 4.74E-2mGy/MBq. Indeed, for an administered activity of 3.7 GBq, the mean dose absorbed by the lesion would be 0.22 Gy. CONCLUSIONS Dosimetry showed that the dose absorbed by PCa recurrences/metastases per administrated activity was low. The dosimetric study performed does not take into account the possible therapeutic effect of the Auger electrons. Clinical trials are needed to evaluate 64Cu internalization in the cell nucleus that seems related to the therapeutic effectiveness reported in preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Righi
- Medical Physics Department, E.O. Galliera Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Martina Ugolini
- Medical Physics Department, E.O. Galliera Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gianluca Bottoni
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Galliera Hospital, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, 16128, Genoa, Italy
| | - Matteo Puntoni
- Clinical Trial Unit, Office of the Scientific Director, Galliera Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Iacozzi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Galliera Hospital, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, 16128, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Manlio Cabria
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Galliera Hospital, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, 16128, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luca Ceriani
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Monica Gambaro
- Medical Physics Department, E.O. Galliera Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luca Giovanella
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Arnoldo Piccardo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Galliera Hospital, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, 16128, Genoa, Italy.
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22
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Kučírková T, Stiborek M, Dúcka M, Navrátilová J, Bogdanović Pristov J, Popović-Bijelić A, Vojvodić S, Preisler J, Kanický V, Šmarda J, Spasojević I, Beneš P. Anti-cancer effects of wedelolactone: interactions with copper and subcellular localization. Metallomics 2018; 10:1524-1531. [DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00191j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Wedelactone forms a 2 : 1 coordination complex with Cu2+ in cancer cells to exert cytotoxic effects.
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23
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Delcourt V, Franck J, Leblanc E, Narducci F, Robin YM, Gimeno JP, Quanico J, Wisztorski M, Kobeissy F, Jacques JF, Roucou X, Salzet M, Fournier I. Combined Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Top-down Microproteomics Reveals Evidence of a Hidden Proteome in Ovarian Cancer. EBioMedicine 2017; 21:55-64. [PMID: 28629911 PMCID: PMC5514399 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, it was demonstrated that proteins can be translated from alternative open reading frames (altORFs), increasing the size of the actual proteome. Top-down mass spectrometry-based proteomics allows the identification of intact proteins containing post-translational modifications (PTMs) as well as truncated forms translated from reference ORFs or altORFs. METHODS Top-down tissue microproteomics was applied on benign, tumor and necrotic-fibrotic regions of serous ovarian cancer biopsies, identifying proteins exhibiting region-specific cellular localization and PTMs. The regions of interest (ROIs) were determined by MALDI mass spectrometry imaging and spatial segmentation. FINDINGS Analysis with a customized protein sequence database containing reference and alternative proteins (altprots) identified 15 altprots, including alternative G protein nucleolar 1 (AltGNL1) found in the tumor, and translated from an altORF nested within the GNL1 canonical coding sequence. Co-expression of GNL1 and altGNL1 was validated by transfection in HEK293 and HeLa cells with an expression plasmid containing a GNL1-FLAG(V5) construct. Western blot and immunofluorescence experiments confirmed constitutive co-expression of altGNL1-V5 with GNL1-FLAG. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our approach provides means to evaluate protein changes in the case of serous ovarian cancer, allowing the detection of potential markers that have never been considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Delcourt
- Université de Lille 1, INSERM, U1192, Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), F-59000 Lille, France; Département de Biochimie Lab. Z8-2001, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Julien Franck
- Université de Lille 1, INSERM, U1192, Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Eric Leblanc
- Université de Lille 1, INSERM, U1192, Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), F-59000 Lille, France; Centre Oscar-Lambret, 3 Rue Frédéric Combemale, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Fabrice Narducci
- Université de Lille 1, INSERM, U1192, Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), F-59000 Lille, France; Centre Oscar-Lambret, 3 Rue Frédéric Combemale, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Yves-Marie Robin
- Université de Lille 1, INSERM, U1192, Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), F-59000 Lille, France; Centre Oscar-Lambret, 3 Rue Frédéric Combemale, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Jean-Pascal Gimeno
- Université de Lille 1, INSERM, U1192, Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), F-59000 Lille, France; ONCOLille, Maison Régionale de la Recherche Clinique, Lille, France
| | - Jusal Quanico
- Université de Lille 1, INSERM, U1192, Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Maxence Wisztorski
- Université de Lille 1, INSERM, U1192, Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jean-François Jacques
- Département de Biochimie Lab. Z8-2001, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Xavier Roucou
- Département de Biochimie Lab. Z8-2001, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Michel Salzet
- Université de Lille 1, INSERM, U1192, Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Isabelle Fournier
- Université de Lille 1, INSERM, U1192, Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), F-59000 Lille, France.
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24
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Dolgova NV, Yu C, Cvitkovic JP, Hodak M, Nienaber KH, Summers KL, Cotelesage JJH, Bernholc J, Kaminski GA, Pickering IJ, George GN, Dmitriev OY. Binding of Copper and Cisplatin to Atox1 Is Mediated by Glutathione through the Formation of Metal-Sulfur Clusters. Biochemistry 2017; 56:3129-3141. [PMID: 28549213 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Copper is an essential nutrient required for many biological processes involved in primary metabolism, but free copper is toxic due to its ability to catalyze formation of free radicals. To prevent toxic effects, in the cell copper is bound to proteins and low molecular weight compounds, such as glutathione, at all times. The widely used chemotherapy agent cisplatin is known to bind to copper-transporting proteins, including copper chaperone Atox1. Cisplatin interactions with Atox1 and other copper transporters are linked to cancer resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy. Here we analyze the binding of copper and cisplatin to Atox1 in the presence of glutathione under redox conditions that mimic intracellular environment. We show that copper(I) and glutathione form large polymers with a molecular mass of approximately 8 kDa, which can transfer copper to Atox1. Cisplatin also can form polymers with glutathione, albeit at a slower rate. Analysis of simultaneous binding of copper and cisplatin to Atox1 under physiological conditions shows that both metals are bound to the protein through copper-sulfur-platinum bridges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V Dolgova
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada , S7N 5E5.,Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada , S7N 5E2
| | - Corey Yu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada , S7N 5E5
| | - John P Cvitkovic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute , Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, United States
| | - Miroslav Hodak
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7518, United States
| | - Kurt H Nienaber
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada , S7N 5E2
| | - Kelly L Summers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan Canada , S7N 5C9
| | - Julien J H Cotelesage
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada , S7N 5E2
| | - Jerzy Bernholc
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7518, United States
| | - George A Kaminski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute , Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, United States
| | - Ingrid J Pickering
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada , S7N 5E2.,Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan Canada , S7N 5C9
| | - Graham N George
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada , S7N 5E2.,Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan Canada , S7N 5C9
| | - Oleg Y Dmitriev
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada , S7N 5E5
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25
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Matson Dzebo M, Ariöz C, Wittung-Stafshede P. Extended functional repertoire for human copper chaperones. Biomol Concepts 2016; 7:29-39. [PMID: 26745464 DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2015-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper (Cu) ions are cofactors in many essential enzymes. As free Cu ions are toxic, most organisms have highly specialized Cu transport systems involving dedicated proteins. The human cytoplasmic Cu chaperone Atox1 delivers Cu to P1B-type ATPases in the Golgi network, for incorporation into Cu-dependent enzymes following the secretory path. Atox1 homologs are found in most organisms; it is a 68-residue ferredoxin-fold protein that binds Cu in a conserved surface-exposed CXXC motif. In addition to Atox1, the human cytoplasm also contains Cu chaperones for loading of superoxide dismutase 1 (i.e. CCS) and cytochrome c oxidase in mitochondria (i.e. Cox17). Many mechanistic aspects have been resolved with respect to how Cu ions are moved between these proteins. In addition to the primary cytoplasmic Cu chaperone function, all three cytoplasmic chaperones have been reported to have other interaction partners that are involved in signaling pathways that modulate cell growth and development. These new discoveries imply that humans have evolved a highly sophisticated network of control mechanisms that connect Cu transport with cell regulatory processes. This knowledge may eventually be exploited for future drug developments towards diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.
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26
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Neuronal differentiation is associated with a redox-regulated increase of copper flow to the secretory pathway. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10640. [PMID: 26879543 PMCID: PMC4757759 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain development requires a fine-tuned copper homoeostasis. Copper deficiency or excess results in severe neuro-pathologies. We demonstrate that upon neuronal differentiation, cellular demand for copper increases, especially within the secretory pathway. Copper flow to this compartment is facilitated through transcriptional and metabolic regulation. Quantitative real-time imaging revealed a gradual change in the oxidation state of cytosolic glutathione upon neuronal differentiation. Transition from a broad range of redox states to a uniformly reducing cytosol facilitates reduction of the copper chaperone Atox1, liberating its metal-binding site. Concomitantly, expression of Atox1 and its partner, a copper transporter ATP7A, is upregulated. These events produce a higher flux of copper through the secretory pathway that balances copper in the cytosol and increases supply of the cofactor to copper-dependent enzymes, expression of which is elevated in differentiated neurons. Direct link between glutathione oxidation and copper compartmentalization allows for rapid metabolic adjustments essential for normal neuronal function.
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Copper-64 Dichloride as Theranostic Agent for Glioblastoma Multiforme: A Preclinical Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:129764. [PMID: 26649294 PMCID: PMC4663283 DOI: 10.1155/2015/129764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults with a median survival time less than one year. To date, there are only a limited number of effective agents available for GBM therapy and this does not seem to add much survival advantage over the conventional approach based on surgery and radiotherapy. Therefore, the development of novel therapeutic approaches to GBM is essential and those based on radionuclide therapy could be of significant clinical impact. Experimental evidence has clearly demonstrated that cancer cells have a particularly high fractional content of copper inside the nucleus compared to normal cells. This behavior can be conveniently exploited both for diagnosis and for delivering therapeutic payloads (theranostic) of the radionuclide copper-64 into the nucleus of cancerous cells by intravenous administration of its simplest chemical form as dichloride salt [64Cu]CuCl2. To evaluate the potential theranostic role of [64Cu]CuCl2 in GBM, the present work reports results from a preclinical study carried out in a xenografted GBM tumor mouse model. Biodistribution data of this new agent were collected using a small-animal PET tomograph. Subsequently, groups of tumor implanted nude mice were treated with [64Cu]CuCl2 to simulate single- and multiple-dose therapy protocols, and results were analyzed to estimate therapeutic efficacy.
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28
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Identification of New Potential Interaction Partners for Human Cytoplasmic Copper Chaperone Atox1: Roles in Gene Regulation? Int J Mol Sci 2015. [PMID: 26213915 PMCID: PMC4581165 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160816728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The human copper (Cu) chaperone Atox1 delivers Cu to P1B type ATPases in the Golgi network, for incorporation into essential Cu-dependent enzymes. Atox1 homologs are found in most organisms; it is a 68-residue ferredoxin-fold protein that binds Cu in a conserved surface-exposed Cys-X-X-Cys (CXXC) motif. In addition to its well-documented cytoplasmic chaperone function, in 2008 Atox1 was suggested to have functionality in the nucleus. To identify new interactions partners of Atox1, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screen with a large human placenta library of cDNA fragments using Atox1 as bait. Among 98 million fragments investigated, 25 proteins were found to be confident interaction partners. Nine of these were uncharacterized proteins, and the remaining 16 proteins were analyzed by bioinformatics with respect to cell localization, tissue distribution, function, sequence motifs, three-dimensional structures and interaction networks. Several of the hits were eukaryotic-specific proteins interacting with DNA or RNA implying that Atox1 may act as a modulator of gene regulation. Notably, because many of the identified proteins contain CXXC motifs, similarly to the Cu transport reactions, interactions between these and Atox1 may be mediated by Cu.
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29
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Phatak VM, Muller PAJ. Metal toxicity and the p53 protein: an intimate relationship. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tx00117f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between p53, ROS and transition metals.
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