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Cseh K, Geisler H, Stanojkovska K, Westermayr J, Brunmayr P, Wenisch D, Gajic N, Hejl M, Schaier M, Koellensperger G, Jakupec MA, Marquetand P, Kandioller W. Arene Variation of Highly Cytotoxic Tridentate Naphthoquinone-Based Ruthenium(II) Complexes and In-Depth In Vitro Studies. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2466. [PMID: 36432656 PMCID: PMC9699003 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to synthesize a new set of naphthoquinone-based ruthenium(II) arene complexes and to develop an understanding of their mode of action. This study systematically reviews the steps of synthesis, aiming to provide a simplified approach using microwave irradiation. The chemical structures and the physicochemical properties of this novel group of compounds were examined by 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, HPLC-MS and supporting DFT calculations. Several aspects of the biological activity were investigated in vitro, including short- and long-term cytotoxicity tests, cellular accumulation studies, detection of reactive oxygen species generation, apoptosis induction and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) activity as well as cell cycle analysis in A549, CH1/PA-1, and SW480 cancer cells. Furthermore, the DNA interaction ability was studied in a cell-free assay. A positive correlation was found between cytotoxicity, lipophilicity and cellular accumulation of the tested complexes, and the results offer some important insights into the effects of the arene. The most obvious finding to emerge from this study is that the usually very chemosensitive CH1/PA-1 teratocarcinoma cells showed resistance to these phthiocol-based organometallics in comparison to the usually less chemosensitive SW480 colon carcinoma cells, which pilot experiments suggest as being related to NQO1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Cseh
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Heiko Geisler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kristina Stanojkovska
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Westermayr
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, University of Leipzig, Linnéstr. 2, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Philipp Brunmayr
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dominik Wenisch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Natalie Gajic
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michaela Hejl
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Schaier
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gunda Koellensperger
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael A. Jakupec
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Research Cluster “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Marquetand
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Research Platform on Accelerating Photoreaction Discovery, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Kandioller
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Research Cluster “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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2
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Peña Q, Wang A, Zaremba O, Shi Y, Scheeren HW, Metselaar JM, Kiessling F, Pallares RM, Wuttke S, Lammers T. Metallodrugs in cancer nanomedicine. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:2544-2582. [PMID: 35262108 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00468a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metal complexes are extensively used for cancer therapy. The multiple variables available for tuning (metal, ligand, and metal-ligand interaction) offer unique opportunities for drug design, and have led to a vast portfolio of metallodrugs that can display a higher diversity of functions and mechanisms of action with respect to pure organic structures. Clinically approved metallodrugs, such as cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin, are used to treat many types of cancer and play prominent roles in combination regimens, including with immunotherapy. However, metallodrugs generally suffer from poor pharmacokinetics, low levels of target site accumulation, metal-mediated off-target reactivity and development of drug resistance, which can all limit their efficacy and clinical translation. Nanomedicine has arisen as a powerful tool to help overcome these shortcomings. Several nanoformulations have already significantly improved the efficacy and reduced the toxicity of (chemo-)therapeutic drugs, including some promising metallodrug-containing nanomedicines currently in clinical trials. In this critical review, we analyse the opportunities and clinical challenges of metallodrugs, and we assess the advantages and limitations of metallodrug delivery, both from a nanocarrier and from a metal-nano interaction perspective. We describe the latest and most relevant nanomedicine formulations developed for metal complexes, and we discuss how the rational combination of coordination chemistry with nanomedicine technology can assist in promoting the clinical translation of metallodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quim Peña
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Alec Wang
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Orysia Zaremba
- BCMaterials, Bld. Martina Casiano, 3rd. Floor, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Yang Shi
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Hans W Scheeren
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Josbert M Metselaar
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Roger M Pallares
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Stefan Wuttke
- BCMaterials, Bld. Martina Casiano, 3rd. Floor, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940, Leioa, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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3
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Yousuf I, Bashir M, Arjmand F, Tabassum S. Advancement of metal compounds as therapeutic and diagnostic metallodrugs: Current frontiers and future perspectives. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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4
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Harringer S, Wernitznig D, Gajic N, Diridl A, Wenisch D, Hejl M, Jakupec MA, Theiner S, Koellensperger G, Kandioller W, Keppler BK. Introducing N-, P-, and S-donor leaving groups: an investigation of the chemical and biological properties of ruthenium, rhodium and iridium thiopyridone piano stool complexes. Dalton Trans 2021; 49:15693-15711. [PMID: 33135027 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03165h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of 15 piano-stool complexes featuring either a RuII, RhIII or IrIII metal center, a bidentate thiopyridone ligand, and different leaving groups was synthesized. The leaving groups were selected in order to cover a broad range of different donor atoms. Thus, 1-methylimidazole served as a N-donor, 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane (pta) as a P-donor, and thiourea as a S-donor. Additionally, three complexes featuring different halido leaving groups (Cl, Br, I) were added. Leaving group alterations were carried out with respect to a possible influence on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters, as well as the cytotoxicity of the respective compounds. The complexes were characterized via NMR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (where possible), mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. Cytotoxicity was assessed in 2D cultures of human cancer cell lines by microculture and clonogenic assays as well as in multicellular tumor spheroids. Furthermore, cellular accumulation studies, flow-cytometric apoptosis and ROS assays, DNA plasmid assays, and laser ablation ICP-MS studies for analyzing the distribution in sections of multicellular tumor spheroids were conducted. This work demonstrates the importance of investigating each piano-stool complexes' properties, as the most promising candidates showed advantages over each other in certain tests/assays. Thus, it was not possible to single out one lead compound, but rather a group of complexes with enhanced cytotoxicity and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Harringer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Debora Wernitznig
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Natalie Gajic
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Andreas Diridl
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Dominik Wenisch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Michaela Hejl
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Michael A Jakupec
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria. and Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah Theiner
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gunda Koellensperger
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Kandioller
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria. and Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard K Keppler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria. and Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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5
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Gaur K, Pérez Otero SC, Benjamín-Rivera JA, Rodríguez I, Loza-Rosas SA, Vázquez Salgado AM, Akam EA, Hernández-Matias L, Sharma RK, Alicea N, Kowaleff M, Washington AV, Astashkin AV, Tomat E, Tinoco AD. Iron Chelator Transmetalative Approach to Inhibit Human Ribonucleotide Reductase. JACS AU 2021; 1:865-878. [PMID: 34240081 PMCID: PMC8243325 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Efforts directed at curtailing the bioavailability of intracellular iron could lead to the development of broad-spectrum anticancer drugs given the metal's role in cancer proliferation and metastasis. Human ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), the key enzyme responsible for synthesizing the building blocks of DNA replication and repair, depends on Fe binding at its R2 subunit to activate the catalytic R1 subunit. This work explores an intracellular iron chelator transmetalative approach to inhibit RNR using the titanium(IV) chemical transferrin mimetic (cTfm) compounds Ti(HBED) and Ti(Deferasirox)2. Whole-cell EPR studies reveal that the compounds can effectively attenuate RNR activity though seemingly causing different changes to the labile iron pool that may account for differences in their potency against cells. Studies of Ti(IV) interactions with the adenosine nucleotide family at pH 7.4 reveal strong metal binding and extensive phosphate hydrolysis, which suggest the capacity of the metal to disturb the nucleotide substrate pool of the RNR enzyme. By decreasing intracellular Fe bioavailability and altering the nucleotide substrate pool, the Ti cTfm compounds could inhibit the activity of the R1 and R2 subunits of RNR. The compounds arrest the cell cycle in the S phase, indicating suppressed DNA replication, and induce apoptotic cell death. Cotreatment cell viability studies with cisplatin and Ti(Deferasirox)2 reveal a promising synergism between the compounds that is likely owed to their distinct but complementary effect on DNA replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Gaur
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico
Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
| | - Sofia C. Pérez Otero
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico
Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
| | - Josué A. Benjamín-Rivera
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico
Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
| | - Israel Rodríguez
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico
Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
| | - Sergio A. Loza-Rosas
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico
Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
| | | | - Eman A. Akam
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University
of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, Arizona 85721-0041, United States
| | - Liz Hernández-Matias
- Department
of Biology, University of Puerto Rico Río
Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
| | - Rohit K. Sharma
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico
Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
| | - Nahiara Alicea
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico
Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
| | - Martin Kowaleff
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico
Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
| | - Anthony V. Washington
- Department
of Biology, University of Puerto Rico Río
Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
| | - Andrei V. Astashkin
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University
of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, Arizona 85721-0041, United States
| | - Elisa Tomat
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University
of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, Arizona 85721-0041, United States
| | - Arthur D. Tinoco
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico
Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
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6
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Nahari G, Hoffman RE, Tshuva EY. From medium to endoplasmic reticulum: Tracing anticancer phenolato titanium(IV) complex by 19F NMR detection. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 221:111492. [PMID: 34051630 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Titanium(IV) complexes of diaminobis(phenolato)-bis(alkoxo) ligands are promising anticancer drugs, showing marked in-vivo efficacy with no toxic side-effects in mice, hence, it is of interest to elucidate their mechanism of action. Herein, we employed a fluoro-substituted derivative, FenolaTi, for mechanistic analysis of the active species and its cellular target by quantitative 19F NMR detection to reveal its biodistribution and reactivity in extracellular and intracellular matrices. Upon administration to the serum-containing medium, FenolaTi interacted with bovine serum albumin. 20 h post administration, the cellular accumulation of FenolaTi derivatives was estimated as 37% of the administered compound, in a concentration three orders-of-magnitude higher than the administered dose, implying that active membrane transportation facilitates cellular penetration. An additional 19% of the administered dose that was detected in the extracellular environment had originated from post-apoptotic cells. In the cell, interaction with cellular proteins was detected. Although some intact Ti(IV) complex localized in the nucleus, no signals for isolated DNA fractions were detected and no reactivity with nuclear proteins was observed. Interestingly, higher accumulation of FenolaTi-derived compounds in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and interaction with proteins therein were detected, supporting the role of the ER as a possible target for cytotoxic bis(phenolato)-bis(alkoxo) Ti(IV) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilad Nahari
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Roy E Hoffman
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Edit Y Tshuva
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel.
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Benjamín-Rivera JA, Cardona-Rivera AE, Vázquez-Maldonado ÁL, Dones-Lassalle CY, Pabón-Colon HL, Rodríguez-Rivera HM, Rodríguez I, González-Espiet JC, Pazol J, Pérez-Ríos JD, Catala-Torres JF, Carrasquillo Rivera M, De Jesus-Soto MG, Cordero-Virella NA, Cruz-Maldonado PM, González-Pagan P, Hernández-Ríos R, Gaur K, Loza-Rosas SA, Tinoco AD. Exploring Serum Transferrin Regulation of Nonferric Metal Therapeutic Function and Toxicity. INORGANICS 2020; 8:48. [PMID: 36844373 PMCID: PMC9957567 DOI: 10.3390/inorganics8090048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum transferrin (sTf) plays a pivotal role in regulating iron biodistribution and homeostasis within the body. The molecular details of sTf Fe(III) binding blood transport, and cellular delivery through transferrin receptor-mediated endocytosis are generally well-understood. Emerging interest exists in exploring sTf complexation of nonferric metals as it facilitates the therapeutic potential and toxicity of several of them. This review explores recent X-ray structural and physiologically relevant metal speciation studies to understand how sTf partakes in the bioactivity of key non-redox active hard Lewis acidic metals. It challenges preconceived notions of sTf structure function correlations that were based exclusively on the Fe(III) model by revealing distinct coordination modalities that nonferric metal ions can adopt and different modes of binding to metal-free and Fe(III)-bound sTf that can directly influence how they enter into cells and, ultimately, how they may impact human health. This knowledge informs on biomedical strategies to engineer sTf as a delivery vehicle for metal-based diagnostic and therapeutic agents in the cancer field. It is the intention of this work to open new avenues for characterizing the functionality and medical utility of nonferric-bound sTf and to expand the significance of this protein in the context of bioinorganic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josué A. Benjamín-Rivera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA)
| | - Andrés E. Cardona-Rivera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA)
| | | | | | - Héctor L. Pabón-Colon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA)
| | | | - Israel Rodríguez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA)
| | - Jean C. González-Espiet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA)
| | - Jessika Pazol
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA)
| | - Jobaniel D. Pérez-Ríos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA)
| | - José F. Catala-Torres
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA)
| | | | - Michael G. De Jesus-Soto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA)
| | | | - Paola M. Cruz-Maldonado
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA)
| | - Patricia González-Pagan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA)
| | - Raul Hernández-Ríos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA)
| | - Kavita Gaur
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA)
| | - Sergio A. Loza-Rosas
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Universidad de Boyacá, Tunja 150003, Colombia
| | - Arthur D. Tinoco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-939-319-9701
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8
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Fernandez-Vega L, Ruiz Silva VA, Domínguez-González TM, Claudio-Betancourt S, Toro-Maldonado RE, Capre Maso LC, Ortiz KS, Pérez-Verdejo JA, González JR, Rosado-Fraticelli GT, Meléndez FP, Betancourt Santiago FM, Rivera-Rivera DA, Navarro CM, Bruno Chardón AC, Vera AO, Tinoco AD. Evaluating Ligand Modifications of the Titanocene and Auranofin Moieties for the Development of More Potent Anticancer Drugs. INORGANICS 2020; 8. [PMID: 34046448 PMCID: PMC8152503 DOI: 10.3390/inorganics8020010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Over time platinum-based anticancer drugs have dominated the market, but their side effects significantly impact the quality of life of patients. Alternative treatments are being developed all over the world. The titanocene and auranofin families of compounds, discovered through an empirical search for other metal-based therapeutics, hold tremendous promise to improve the outcomes of cancer treatment. Herein we present a historical perspective of these compounds and review current efforts focused on the evolution of their ligands to improve their physiological solution stability, cancer selectivity, and antiproliferative performance, guided by a clear understanding of the coordination chemistry and aqueous speciation of the metal ions, of the cytotoxic mechanism of action of the compounds, and the external factors that limit their therapeutic potential. Newer members of these families of compounds and their combination in novel bimetallic complexes are the result of years of scientific research. We believe that this review can have a positive impact in the development and understanding of the metal-based drugs of gold, titanium, and beyond.
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9
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Development and future prospects of selective organometallic compounds as anticancer drug candidates exhibiting novel modes of action. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 175:269-286. [PMID: 31096151 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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10
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Sharma S, Sharma RK, Gaur K, Cátala Torres JF, Loza-Rosas SA, Torres A, Saxena M, Julin M, Tinoco AD. Fueling a Hot Debate on the Application of TiO 2 Nanoparticles in Sunscreen. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E2317. [PMID: 31330764 PMCID: PMC6678326 DOI: 10.3390/ma12142317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Titanium is one of the most abundant elements in the earth's crust and while there are many examples of its bioactive properties and use by living organisms, there are few studies that have probed its biochemical reactivity in physiological environments. In the cosmetic industry, TiO2 nanoparticles are widely used. They are often incorporated in sunscreens as inorganic physical sun blockers, taking advantage of their semiconducting property, which facilitates absorbing ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Sunscreens are formulated to protect human skin from the redox activity of the TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) and are mass-marketed as safe for people and the environment. By closely examining the biological use of TiO2 and the influence of biomolecules on its stability and solubility, we reassess the reactivity of the material in the presence and absence of UV energy. We also consider the alarming impact that TiO2 NP seepage into bodies of water can cause to the environment and aquatic life, and the effect that it can have on human skin and health, in general, especially if it penetrates into the human body and the bloodstream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Sharma
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Puerto Rico Río Piedras, 17 AVE Universidad STE 1701, San Juan, PR 00925-2537, USA
| | - Rohit K Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico Río Piedras, 17 AVE Universidad STE 1701, San Juan, PR 00925-2537, USA
| | - Kavita Gaur
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico Río Piedras, 17 AVE Universidad STE 1701, San Juan, PR 00925-2537, USA
| | - José F Cátala Torres
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico Río Piedras, 17 AVE Universidad STE 1701, San Juan, PR 00925-2537, USA
| | - Sergio A Loza-Rosas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico Río Piedras, 17 AVE Universidad STE 1701, San Juan, PR 00925-2537, USA
| | - Anamaris Torres
- Biochemistry & Pharmacology Department, San Juan Bautista School of Medicine, Caguas, PR 00726, USA
| | - Manoj Saxena
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico Río Piedras, 17 AVE Universidad STE 1701, San Juan, PR 00925-2537, USA
| | - Mara Julin
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Arthur D Tinoco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico Río Piedras, 17 AVE Universidad STE 1701, San Juan, PR 00925-2537, USA.
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Titanium Ions Promote Exogenous Calcium-Dependent Calcium Influx in Activated Jurkat T Cells: A Possible Mechanism to Explain Its Immunostimulatory Properties. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:3286905. [PMID: 30581368 PMCID: PMC6276418 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3286905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Titanium and its alloys have been widely used in dental and orthopedic implants. Owing to the biotribocorrosion behavior of implants in simulated oral environment, Ti(IV) ions could be released into surrounding tissues. Current studies have found that Ti(IV) ions could affect the biological activities of immune cells in adjacent tissues and subsequently jeopardize the long-term performance of implant prostheses. However, the potential mechanism underlying its immunomodulatory properties remains unclear. Calcium signaling has been confirmed to be involved in regulation of lymphocyte immune function. Therefore, we hypothesize that Ti(IV) ions modulated T cell function through the change of intracellular calcium concentrations. This study is aimed at exploring the role of intracellular calcium responses in the modulatory effect of Ti(IV) ions on unactivated and phytohemagglutinin-activated Jurkat T cells. Here, we confirmed that Ti(IV) ions within a certain concentration range induced CD69 expression on both unactivated and activated T cells in our study. Additionally, the combined stimulation with Ti(IV) ions and PHA increased expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, and RANKL. Furthermore, we found that treatment with Ti(IV) induced a transitory increase in the levels of [Ca2+]i in activated Jurkat cells, dependent on the presence of exogenous calcium. Treatment with different doses of Ti(IV) for 24 h significantly increased the levels of [Ca2+]i in the activated Jurkat cells in a dose-dependent manner, but had little effect in the unactivated cells. Treatment with Ti(IV) did not significantly affect the PLCγ1 activation and inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) secretion in Jurkat cells. Taken together, these data indicated that Ti(IV) enhanced calcium influx during the T cell activation, independent of IP3-mediated intracellular calcium release. Our work provides insights into the mechanism involved in the regulation of lymphocyte behaviors under the effect of Ti(IV) ions, which may help to develop therapeutic strategies for dental implant failures.
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Saxena M, Loza-Rosas SA, Gaur K, Sharma S, Pérez Otero SC, Tinoco AD. Exploring titanium(IV) chemical proximity to iron(III) to elucidate a function for Ti(IV) in the human body. Coord Chem Rev 2018; 363:109-125. [PMID: 30270932 PMCID: PMC6159949 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite its natural abundance and widespread use as food, paint additive, and in bone implants, no specific biological function of titanium is known in the human body. High concentrations of Ti(IV) could result in cellular toxicity, however, the absence of Ti toxicity in the blood of patients with titanium bone implants indicates the presence of one or more biological mechanisms to mitigate toxicity. Similar to Fe(III), Ti(IV) in blood binds to the iron transport protein serum transferrin (sTf), which gives credence to the possibility of its cellular uptake mechanism by transferrin-directed endocytosis. However, once inside the cell, how sTf bound Ti(IV) is released into the cytoplasm, utilized, or stored remain largely unknown. To explain the molecular mechanisms involved in Ti use in cells we have drawn parallels with those for Fe(III). Based on its chemical similarities with Fe(III), we compare the biological coordination chemistry of Fe(III) and Ti(IV) and hypothesize that Ti(IV) can bind to similar intracellular biomolecules. The comparable ligand affinity profiles suggest that at high Ti(IV) concentrations, Ti(IV) could compete with Fe(III) to bind to biomolecules and would inhibit Fe bioavailability. At the typical Ti concentrations in the body, Ti might exist as a labile pool of Ti(IV) in cells, similar to Fe. Ti could exhibit different types of properties that would determine its cellular functions. We predict some of these functions to mimic those of Fe in the cell and others to be specific to Ti. Bone and cellular speciation and localization studies hint toward various intracellular targets of Ti like phosphoproteins, DNA, ribonucleotide reductase, and ferritin. However, to decipher the exact mechanisms of how Ti might mediate these roles, development of innovative and more sensitive methods are required to track this difficult to trace metal in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Saxena
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico Río Piedras, San Juan, PR 00931
| | - Sergio A. Loza-Rosas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico Río Piedras, San Juan, PR 00931
| | - Kavita Gaur
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico Río Piedras, San Juan, PR 00931
| | - Shweta Sharma
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Puerto Rico Río Piedras, San Juan, PR 00931
| | - Sofia C. Pérez Otero
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico Río Piedras, San Juan, PR 00931
| | - Arthur D. Tinoco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico Río Piedras, San Juan, PR 00931
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Titanocene binding to oligonucleotides. J Inorg Biochem 2018; 184:1-7. [PMID: 29635096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The binding of titanocene to DNA and RNA was examined by means of electrospray mass spectrometry. Titanocene served as a model for its therapeutically active derivatives. The binding preferences were probed by competition experiments with oligonucleotides of varying nucleobase compositions and sequences. Results from competition experiments revealed a generally increased preference for the binding to phosphate groups adjacent to thymidines, which is affected by the nucleobase sequence of T-rich oligonucleotides. More detailed information about the binding sites was obtained from tandem mass spectrometric experiments. The binding of the transition metal coordination center significantly altered the fragment ion patterns of the oligonucleotides. RNA was found to be less prone to adduct formation, due to intramolecular interactions. The findings from experiments on DNA and RNA were complemented by the examination of backbone- and ribose-modified oligonucleotides.
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Eberle RP, Hari Y, Schürch S. Specific Interactions of Antitumor Metallocenes with Deoxydinucleoside Monophosphates. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:1901-1909. [PMID: 28500584 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-017-1697-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Bent metallocenes Cp2MCl2 (M = Ti, V, Nb, Mo) are known to exhibit cytotoxic activity against a variety of cancer types. Though the mechanism of action is not fully understood yet, the accumulation of the metal ions in the nucleus points towards DNA as one of the primary targets. A set of eight deoxydinucleoside monophosphates was used to study the adduct yields with metallocenes and cisplatin. The binding affinities are reflected by the relative intensities of the adducts and were found to follow the order of Pt > V > Ti > Mo (no adducts were detected with Nb). High-resolution tandem mass spectrometry was applied to locate the binding patterns in the deoxydinucleoside monophosphates. Whereas cisplatin binds to the soft nitrogen atoms in the purine nucleobases, the metallocenes additionally interact with the hard phosphate oxygen, which is in good agreement with the hard and soft (Lewis) acids and bases (HSAB) concept. However, the binding specificities were found to be unique for each metallocene. The hard Lewis acids titanium and vanadium predominantly bind to the deprotonated phosphate oxygen, whereas molybdenum, an intermediate Lewis acid, preferentially interacts with the nucleobases. Nucleobases comprise alternative binding sites for titanium and vanadium, presumably oxygen atoms for the first and nitrogen atoms for the latter. In summary, the intrinsic binding behavior of the different metallodrugs is reflected by the gas-phase dissociation of the adducts. Consequently, MS/MS can provide insights into therapeutically relevant interactions between metallodrugs and their cellular targets. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahel P Eberle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yvonne Hari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Schürch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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Loza-Rosas SA, Saxena M, Delgado Y, Gaur K, Pandrala M, Tinoco AD. A ubiquitous metal, difficult to track: towards an understanding of the regulation of titanium(iv) in humans. Metallomics 2017; 9:346-356. [PMID: 28164202 PMCID: PMC5397357 DOI: 10.1039/c6mt00223d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite the ubiquitous nature of titanium(iv) and several examples of its beneficial behavior in different organisms, the metal remains underappreciated in biology. There is little understanding of how the metal might play an important function in the human body. Nonetheless, a new insight is obtained regarding the molecular mechanisms that regulate the blood speciation of the metal to maintain it in a nontoxic and potentially bioavailable form for use in the body. This review surveys the literature on Ti(iv) application in prosthetics and in the development of anticancer therapeutics to gain an insight into soluble Ti(iv) influx in the body and its long-term impact. The limitation in analytical tools makes it difficult to depict the full picture of how Ti(iv) is transported and distributed throughout the body. An improved understanding of Ti function and its interaction with biomolecules will be helpful in developing future technologies for its imaging in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio A Loza-Rosas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, San Juan, PR 00969, USA.
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Cini M, Bradshaw TD, Woodward S. Using titanium complexes to defeat cancer: the view from the shoulders of titans. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:1040-1051. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00860g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Seeking ‘unifying mechanisms of action’ in titanium anti-cancer agents: a 40 year odyssey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melchior Cini
- Institute of Applied Sciences
- MCAST Main Campus
- Paola
- Malta
| | - Tracey D. Bradshaw
- School of Pharmacy
- Centre for Biomolecular Science
- University of Nottingham
- Nottingham
- UK
| | - Simon Woodward
- GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry
- University of Nottingham
- Nottingham NG7 2TU
- UK
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Di Giampaolo L, Di Gioacchino M, Ponti J, Sabbioni E, Castellani ML, Reale M, Toto E, Verna N, Conti P, Paganelli R, Boscolo P. “In Vitro” Comparative Immune Effects of Different Titanium Compounds. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2016; 17:115-22. [PMID: 15345202 DOI: 10.1177/03946320040170s219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to Ti compounds is today an occupational and environmental health hazard. Object of this study was to determine “in vitro” effects of different Ti salts on cultured human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) proliferation and cytokine release. 10−4 and 10−7 M Ti compounds did not modify spontaneous PBMC proliferation. Ti dioxide (a biocompatible material and sunscreen component) did not exert effects on phytoemagglutinin (PHA) stimulated PBMC proliferation and on PHA stimulated IFN-γ and TNF-α release from PBMC. On the other hand, 10−4 M Ti oxalate (with wide industrial applications) and Ti ascorbate (used mainly in agriculture) inhibited about 70 % the PHA stimulated PBMC proliferation; both these Ti compounds at 10−4 and 10−7 M concentrations significantly inhibited TNF-α release, while only Ti oxalate inhibited that of IFN-γ. Titanocene (used in chemotherapy) did not exert effects on PBMC proliferation but markedly inhibited IFN-γ and TNF-α release. On the whole, this study demonstrates that Ti dioxide is not immunotoxic; Ti oxalate shows marked immunotoxicity; titanocene exerts selective toxicity on cytokine release but not on PBMC proliferation, while Ti ascorbate affects TNF-α release from PBMC but not IFN-γ release. In conclusion, these data show that immunotoxicity of Ti depends on speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Di Giampaolo
- Department of Medicine and Science or Ageing, Section of Occupational Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
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Miller M, Braitbard O, Hochman J, Tshuva EY. Insights into molecular mechanism of action of salan titanium(IV) complex with in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity. J Inorg Biochem 2016; 163:250-257. [PMID: 27090292 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Titanium compounds, in particular, Ti(IV) based diaminobis(phenolato) "salan" complexes demonstrate high cytotoxicity towards a wide range of cancer cell lines in vitro, and still, very little is known on their mode of action. A representative salan Ti(IV) complex was tested both in vitro and in vivo on human HT-29 colorectal adenocarcinoma and A2780 ovarian carcinoma cells. Both cell lines were sensitive in vitro with A2780 demonstrating an enhanced rate of uptake and intracellular accumulation and thus an earlier response to the drug. HT-29 cells responded in vivo by impaired tumor development in nude mice. Both cell lines responded in vitro (but to a different extent) by upregulation of p53 with no apparent effect on p21 followed by cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and necrosis as demonstrated by sub-G1 cell accumulation and staining by Annexin-V and propidium iodide. Furthermore, time dependent activation of cysteine-aspartic proteases9 (caspase9) as well as some minor activation of cysteine-aspartic proteases3 (caspase3) support a direct effect on the apoptotic pathway. The differential response of the two cell lines to the salan titanium(IV) complex suggests that more than one pathway is involved in their growth regulation and thus could inhibit development of drug resistant variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Miller
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Ori Braitbard
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Jacob Hochman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel.
| | - Edit Y Tshuva
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel.
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de la Cueva-Alique I, Muñoz-Moreno L, Benabdelouahab Y, Elie BT, El Amrani MA, Mosquera MEG, Contel M, Bajo AM, Cuenca T, Royo E. Novel enantiopure cyclopentadienyl Ti(IV) oximato compounds as potential anticancer agents. J Inorg Biochem 2016; 156:22-34. [PMID: 26717259 PMCID: PMC4882921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of new enantiopure cyclopentadienyl titanium oximato compounds (S,R)-[(η(5)-C5H5)Ti{к(2)NO,(R)NH·HCl}Cl2] (R=Ph (phenyl) 1a·HCl, Bn (benzyl) 1b·HCl, 2-pic (2-picolyl) 1c·HCl), (S,R)-[(η(5)-C5H5)TiCl2{к(2)NO,(Ph)NH}] (1a) and (S,R)-[(η(5)-C5H5)2TiCl{к(2)NO,(R)NH}] (R=Ph 2a, Bn 2b, 2-pic 2c), along with studies on their behavior in D2O at different pD values are reported. The structure of previously described ammonium-oxime (2S,5R)-{NOH,(Bn)NH·HCl} (b·HCl) and novel titanium derivative 1a have been determined by single crystal X-ray crystallography. The effect of the compounds on cytotoxicity, cell adhesion and migration of the androgen-independent prostate cancer PC-3 cells has been assessed. Compounds 2b and 2c are more cytotoxic than additive doses of titanocene dichloride and free oxime proligand, probing the synergistic effect of these novel compounds. The cytotoxicity of 2b and 2c has been further evaluated against human renal Caki-1, colon DLD-1 and triple negative breast MDA-MB-231 cancer cell lines. The activity found for 2c on PC-3 and Caki-1 is higher than that of highly active Titanocene Y (bis-[(p-methoxybenzyl)cyclopentadienyl]titanium(IV) dichloride), while showing selectivity against renal cancer when compared to a non-tumorigenic human renal (HEK-293T) cell line. Compounds 2b and especially 2c are apoptotic in Caki-1 cancer cell lines. Cell adhesion and wound-healing assays confirmed that derivatives 1c·HCl, 2b and 2c affect the adhesion and migration patterns of the PC-3 cell line. Interactions of the novel compounds with plasmid (pBR322) DNA have also been studied, showing that the oximato Ti(IV) derivatives have a weak or no interaction with DNA at physiological pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel de la Cueva-Alique
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Biología, Ciencias Ambientales y Química, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Muñoz-Moreno
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Facultad de Biología, Ciencias Ambientales y Química, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yosra Benabdelouahab
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Biología, Ciencias Ambientales y Química, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Benelita T Elie
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, NY 11210, USA; Chemistry and Biology PhD Programs, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Mohammed Amin El Amrani
- Université Abdelmalek Essaadi, Departement de Chemie-Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Appliquée, Mhannech II, B.P. 2121, Tétouan, Morocco
| | - Marta E G Mosquera
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Biología, Ciencias Ambientales y Química, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Contel
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, NY 11210, USA; Chemistry and Biology PhD Programs, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Ana M Bajo
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Facultad de Biología, Ciencias Ambientales y Química, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tomás Cuenca
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Biología, Ciencias Ambientales y Química, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Royo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Biología, Ciencias Ambientales y Química, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
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23
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Rajini A, Adepu AK, Chirra S, Venkatathri N. Titanium aminophosphates: synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial and cytotoxicity studies. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra15084a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Titanium aminophosphates were synthesized, characterized in detail and their antimicrobial and cytotoxicity properties were studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anumula Rajini
- Department of Chemistry
- National Institute of Technology
- Warangal 506 004
- India
| | - Ajay Kumar Adepu
- Department of Chemistry
- National Institute of Technology
- Warangal 506 004
- India
| | - Suman Chirra
- Department of Chemistry
- National Institute of Technology
- Warangal 506 004
- India
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25
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Niu L, Li Y, Li Q. Medicinal properties of organotin compounds and their limitations caused by toxicity. Inorganica Chim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Santiago-Lopez AJ, Vera JL, Meléndez E. DNA electrochemical biosensor for metallic drugs at physiological conditions. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2014; 731:139-144. [PMID: 25705144 PMCID: PMC4331038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2014.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Entrapment of dsSS-DNA into the polypyrrole-polyvinyl sulphonate (dsSS-DNA-PPy-PVS) film over indium-tin-oxide (ITO) coated glass has been designed to detect titanium and platinum drugs, titanocene dichloride and cisplatin. The disposable dsSS-DNA-PPy-PVS/ITO biosensor was characterized by cyclic voltammetry, attenuated total reflectance Infrared spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. Amperometric studies by cyclic voltammetry using, dsSS-DNA-PPy PVS/ITO biosensor, demonstrated the ability of this biosensor to detect these metallic drugs in millimolar concentration by monitoring the decrease of the guanine oxidation signal as a result of the DNA damage. The concentration range detected for titanocene dichloride is 0.25 to 1.5 mM and for cisplatin is 0.06 to 1.0 mM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel J. Santiago-Lopez
- University of Puerto Rico, Department of Chemical Engineering, PO Box 9019 Mayagüez, PR 00681
| | - José L. Vera
- University of Puerto Rico, Department of Chemistry, PO Box 9019 Mayagüez, PR 00681
| | - Enrique Meléndez
- University of Puerto Rico, Department of Chemistry, PO Box 9019 Mayagüez, PR 00681
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Noffke AL, Habtemariam A, Pizarro AM, Sadler PJ. Designing organometallic compounds for catalysis and therapy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:5219-46. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc30678f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M. Buettner
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Ann M. Valentine
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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González-Pantoja JF, Stern M, Jarzecki AA, Royo E, Robles-Escajeda E, Varela-Ramírez A, Aguilera RJ, Contel M. Titanocene-phosphine derivatives as precursors to cytotoxic heterometallic TiAu2 and TiM (M = Pd, Pt) compounds. Studies of their interactions with DNA. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:11099-110. [PMID: 21958150 PMCID: PMC3205237 DOI: 10.1021/ic201647h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of tri- and bimetallic titanium-gold, titanium-palladium, and titanium-platinum derivatives of the general formulas [Ti{η(5)-C(5)H(4)(CH(2))(n)PPh(2)(AuCl)}(2)]·2THF [n = 0 (1); n = 2 (2); n = 3 (3)] and [TiCl(2){η(5)-C(5)H(4)κ-(CH(2))(n)PPh(2)}(2)(MCl(2))]·2THF [M = Pd, n = 0 (4); n = 2 (5); n = 3 (6) ; M = Pt, n = 0 (7); n = 2 (8); n = 3 (9)] have been synthesized and characterized by different spectroscopic techniques and mass spectrometry. The molecular structures of compounds 1-9 have been investigated by means of density functional theory calculations. The calculated IR spectra of the optimized structures fit well with the experimental IR data obtained for 1-9. The stability of the heterometallic compounds in deuterated solvents [CDCl(3), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-d(6), and mixtures 50:50 DMSO-d(6)/D(2)O and 1:99 DMSO-d(6)/D(2)O at acidic and neutral pH] has been evaluated by (31)P and (1)H NMR spectroscopy showing a higher stability for these compounds than for Cp(2)TiCl(2) or precursors [Ti{η(5)-C(5)H(4)(CH(2))(n)PPh(2)}(2)]. The new compounds display a lower acidity (1-2 units) than Cp(2)TiCl(2). The decomposition products have been identified over time. Complexes 1-9 have been tested as potential anticancer agents, and their cytotoxicity properties were evaluated in vitro against HeLa human cervical carcinoma and DU-145 human prostate cancer cells. TiAu(2) and TiPd compounds were highly cytotoxic for these two cell lines. The interactions of the compounds with calf thymus DNA have been evaluated by thermal denaturation (1-9) and by circular dichroism (1, 3, 4, and 7) spectroscopic methods. All of these complexes show a stronger interaction with DNA than that displayed by Cp(2)TiCl(2) at neutral pH. The data are consistent with electrostatic interactions with DNA for TiAu(2) compounds and for a covalent binding mode for TiM (M = Pd, Pt) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose F. González-Pantoja
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College and The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, 11210, US
| | - Michael Stern
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College and The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, 11210, US
| | - Andrzej A. Jarzecki
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College and The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, 11210, US
| | - Eva Royo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisa Robles-Escajeda
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, US
| | - Armando Varela-Ramírez
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, US
| | - Renato J. Aguilera
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, US
| | - María Contel
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College and The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, 11210, US
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Deng C, Zhou L. Theoretical study on the interaction of titanocene dichloride with deoxyguanosine monophosphate. Inorganica Chim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2011.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Shen M, Wang J, Yang M, Li G. Direct electrochemistry of the Ti(IV)–transferrin complex: Probing into the transport of Ti(IV) by human serum transferrin. Electrochem commun 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2010.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Cuffe S, Dowling CM, Claffey J, Pampillón C, Hogan M, Fitzpatrick JM, Carty MP, Tacke M, Watson RWG. Effects of titanocene dichloride derivatives on prostate cancer cells, specifically DNA damage-induced apoptosis. Prostate 2011; 71:111-24. [PMID: 20665530 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While locally advanced prostate cancer is initially treatable with androgen ablation, eventually cells develop a castrate-resistant phenotype. Currently, there are no effective treatments for this form of the disease with Docetaxel only providing a small survival advantage. In this study, the effects of novel derivatives of titanocene dichloride on prostate cancer cell lines has been investigated. METHODS Cellular effects were assessed using the crystal violet assay and the clonogenic survival assay. Cell cycle and apoptosis were assessed by propidium iodide staining. DNA damage was analyzed by comet assay and Western analysis. DNA damage response inhibition was achieved by pre-incubation with an ATM/ATR inhibitor; CGK733 and DNA-PK inhibitor; DMNB. RESULTS These analogs caused a reduction in cell number. In particular titanocene Y and C had significant effects in all cell lines. A reduction in clonogenic survival was found in response to titanocene Y in three cell lines while the PC-3 cells exhibited increased resistance.Further analysis showed no effect on cell cycle however, the analogs were found to induce apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner in all cell lines. These analogs associate with DNA, induce DNA damage and a differential damage response. Inhibition of key regulators of this DNA damage response sensitized the PC-3 cell line to titanocene-induced apoptosis and significantly reduced the clonogenic capacity of the cells. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate the mechanism of action of these novel titanocene dichloride analogs and their potential use in castrate-independent advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Cuffe
- UCD School of Medicine and Medical Science, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Gasser
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry I, Bioinorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Ingo Ott
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstrasse 55, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Nils Metzler-Nolte
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry I, Bioinorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
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Pelletier F, Comte V, Massard A, Wenzel M, Toulot S, Richard P, Picquet M, Le Gendre P, Zava O, Edafe F, Casini A, Dyson PJ. Development of Bimetallic Titanocene−Ruthenium−Arene Complexes As Anticancer Agents: Relationships between Structural and Biological Properties. J Med Chem 2010; 53:6923-33. [DOI: 10.1021/jm1004804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Pelletier
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne, UMR 5260 CNRS—Université de Bourgogne, 9 Avenue A. Savary, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Virginie Comte
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne, UMR 5260 CNRS—Université de Bourgogne, 9 Avenue A. Savary, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Alexandre Massard
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne, UMR 5260 CNRS—Université de Bourgogne, 9 Avenue A. Savary, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Margot Wenzel
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne, UMR 5260 CNRS—Université de Bourgogne, 9 Avenue A. Savary, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Stéphanie Toulot
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne, UMR 5260 CNRS—Université de Bourgogne, 9 Avenue A. Savary, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Philippe Richard
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne, UMR 5260 CNRS—Université de Bourgogne, 9 Avenue A. Savary, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Michel Picquet
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne, UMR 5260 CNRS—Université de Bourgogne, 9 Avenue A. Savary, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Pierre Le Gendre
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne, UMR 5260 CNRS—Université de Bourgogne, 9 Avenue A. Savary, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Olivier Zava
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Edafe
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Angela Casini
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paul J. Dyson
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Immel TA, Martin JT, Dürr CJ, Groth U, Huhn T. Dimethyl titanocene Y: A valuable precursor for libraries of cytotoxic titanocene derivatives. J Inorg Biochem 2010; 104:863-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2010.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2010] [Revised: 04/06/2010] [Accepted: 04/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Erxleben A, Claffey J, Tacke M. Binding and hydrolysis studies of antitumoural titanocene dichloride and Titanocene Y with phosphate diesters. J Inorg Biochem 2010; 104:390-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2009.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2009] [Revised: 11/23/2009] [Accepted: 11/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Immel T, Groth U, Huhn T. Cytotoxic Titanium Salan Complexes: Surprising Interaction of Salan and Alkoxy Ligands. Chemistry 2010; 16:2775-89. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200902312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Hillard EA, Vessières A, Jaouen G. Ferrocene Functionalized Endocrine Modulators as Anticancer Agents. TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-13185-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Chen X, Zhou L. The hydrolysis chemistry of anticancer drug titanocene dichloride: An insight from theoretical study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2009.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Immel TA, Debiak M, Groth U, Bürkle A, Huhn T. Highly selective apoptotic cell death induced by halo-salane titanium complexes. ChemMedChem 2009; 4:738-41. [PMID: 19343766 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200900038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timo A Immel
- Department of Chemistry and Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
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Pavlaki M, Debeli K, Triantaphyllidou IE, Klouras N, Giannopoulou E, Aletras AJ. A proposed mechanism for the inhibitory effect of the anticancer agent titanocene dichloride on tumour gelatinases and other proteolytic enzymes. J Biol Inorg Chem 2009; 14:947-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-009-0507-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2008] [Accepted: 04/13/2009] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Electrochemical evaluation of the interaction between antitumoral titanocene dichloride and biomolecules. Inorganica Chim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2008.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Hartinger CG, Dyson PJ. Bioorganometallic chemistry--from teaching paradigms to medicinal applications. Chem Soc Rev 2008; 38:391-401. [PMID: 19169456 DOI: 10.1039/b707077m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 840] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In undergraduate level organometallic chemistry courses students are usually taught that organometallic compounds are toxic and unstable in air and water. While this is true of many complexes, some are also non-toxic and stable in air and water. Indeed, bioorganometallic chemistry, the study of biomolecules or biologically active molecules that contain at least one carbon directly bound to a metal, is a thriving subject, and air and water stability is a general pre-requisite. This interdisciplinary field is located at the borderline between chemistry, biochemistry, biology and medicine. In this tutorial review, various aspects of bioorganometallic chemistry are introduced, with the main emphasis on medicinal organometallic compounds. Organometallic therapeutics for cancer, HIV and malaria and other medicinal applications are described. It is also shown how rational ligand design has led to new improved therapies much in the same way that an organometallic chemist working in catalysis will design new ligands for improved activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian G Hartinger
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Gómez-Ruiz S, Kaluđerović GN, Polo-Cerón D, Prashar S, Fajardo M, Žižak Ž, Juranić ZD, Sabo TJ. Study of the cytotoxic activity of alkenyl-substituted ansa-titanocene complexes. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2007.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Potter GD, Baird MC, Cole SP. A new series of titanocene dichloride derivatives bearing cyclic alkylammonium groups: Assessment of their cytotoxic properties. J Organomet Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2007.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
The development of metal complexes with platinum central atoms such as cisplatin or carboplatin had an enormous impact on current cancer chemotherapy. However, the spectrum of cancers that can be treated with platinum agents is narrow and treatment efficacy suffers from side effects and resistance phenomena. These unresolved problems in platinum-based anti-cancer therapy have stimulated increased research efforts in the search for novel non platinum-containing metal species as cytostatic agents. Preclinical and clinical investigations showed that the development of new metal agents with modes of action different from cisplatin is possible. Thus, complexes with iron, cobalt, or gold central atoms have shown promising results in preclinical studies and compounds with titanium, ruthenium, or gallium central atoms have already been evaluated in phase I and phase II trials. This review covers some relevant examples of preclinical and clinical research on novel non platinum metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Ott
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Ravera M, Bagni G, Mascini M, Osella D. DNA-metallodrugs interactions signaled by electrochemical biosensors: an overview. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2007; 2007:91078. [PMID: 18354727 PMCID: PMC2266972 DOI: 10.1155/2007/91078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2007] [Accepted: 06/19/2007] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of drugs with DNA is an important aspect in pharmacology. In recent years, many important technological advances have been made to develop new techniques to monitor biorecognition and biointeraction on solid devices. The interaction between DNA and drugs can cause chemical and conformational modifications and, thus, variation of the electrochemical properties of nucleobases. The propensity of a given compound to interact with DNA is measured as a function of the decrease of guanine oxidation signal on a DNA electrochemical biosensor. Covalent binding at N7 of guanine, electrostatic interactions, and intercalation are the events that this kind of biosensor can detect. In this context, the interaction between a panel of antitumoral Pt-, Ru-, and Ti-based metallodrugs with DNA immobilized on screen-printed electrodes has been studied. The DNA biosensors are used for semiquantitative evaluation of the analogous interaction occurring in the biological environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Ravera
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e della Vita, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Bellini 25g, 15100 Alessandria, Italy.
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