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Li S, Bao H, Su X, Xiong L, Yin Q, Gu D, Miao L, Liu C. Orthodontic maxillary molar movement-induced zygomatic pillar remodeling and its consequences on occlusal characteristics and stress distribution. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:374. [PMID: 38878070 PMCID: PMC11180030 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05713-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate changes in the zygomatic pillar during orthodontic treatment involving premolar extraction, analyze the effects of maxillary first molar movement on zygomatic pillar remodeling, and examine occlusal characteristics and stress distribution after remodeling. METHODS Twenty-five patients who underwent premolar extraction were included in the study. The zygomatic pillar measurement range was defined, and cross-sectional areas, surface landmark coordinates, alveolar and cortical bone thicknesses, and density changes were assessed using Mimics software based on the cone-beam computed tomography scans taken before (T0) and after the treatment (T1). Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to determine the correlation between changes in the zygomatic pillar and maxillary first molar three-dimensional (3D) movement and rotation. Additionally, the correlation between pillar remodeling and occlusal characteristics was analyzed by Teetester. Pre- and post-reconstruction 3D finite element models were constructed and loaded with an average occlusal force of two periods. RESULTS The morphological and structural remodeling of the zygomatic pillar after orthodontic treatment involving premolar extraction showed a decreased cross-sectional area of the lower segment of the zygomatic pillar. The zygomatic process point moved inward and backward, whereas the zygomatico-maxillary suture point moved backward. The thicknesses of the zygomatic pillar alveolar and cortical bones were thinner, and reduced alveolar bone density was observed. Simultaneously, the movement and angle change of the maxillary first molar could predict zygomatic pillar reconstruction to a certain extent. With decreasing the total occlusal force and the occlusal force of the first molar, occlusal force distribution was more uniform. With zygomatic pillar remodeling, occlusal stress distribution in the zygomatic alveolar ridge decreased, and occlusal stress was concentrated at the junction of the vertical and horizontal parts of the zygomatic bone and the posterior part of the zygomatic arch. CONCLUSIONS Orthodontic treatment involving premolar extraction led to zygomatic pillar remodeling, making it more fragile than before and reducing the occlusal force of the maxillary first molar and the entire dentition with stress concentrated in weak areas. CLINICAL RELEVANCE No other study has focused on the effects of orthodontics on pillar structures. The present study indicates that the mesial movement of the maxillary first molar weakened the zygomatic pillar and reduced occlusal function, thereby providing insights for inserting anchorage screws and facial esthetics.
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Grants
- ZKX22055 Key Project supported by Medical Science and T echnology Development Foundation, Nanjing Department of Health under Grant
- ZKX22055 Key Project supported by Medical Science and T echnology Development Foundation, Nanjing Department of Health under Grant
- ZKX22055 Key Project supported by Medical Science and T echnology Development Foundation, Nanjing Department of Health under Grant
- ZKX22055 Key Project supported by Medical Science and T echnology Development Foundation, Nanjing Department of Health under Grant
- ZKX22055 Key Project supported by Medical Science and T echnology Development Foundation, Nanjing Department of Health under Grant
- ZKX22055 Key Project supported by Medical Science and T echnology Development Foundation, Nanjing Department of Health under Grant
- ZKX22055 Key Project supported by Medical Science and T echnology Development Foundation, Nanjing Department of Health under Grant
- ZKX22055 Key Project supported by Medical Science and T echnology Development Foundation, Nanjing Department of Health under Grant
- 0223A210 "2015"Cultivation Program for Reserve Talent s for Academic Leaders of Nanjing Stomatological School,Medical School of Nanjing Univeristy
- 0223A210 "2015"Cultivation Program for Reserve Talent s for Academic Leaders of Nanjing Stomatological School,Medical School of Nanjing Univeristy
- 0223A210 "2015"Cultivation Program for Reserve Talent s for Academic Leaders of Nanjing Stomatological School,Medical School of Nanjing Univeristy
- 0223A210 "2015"Cultivation Program for Reserve Talent s for Academic Leaders of Nanjing Stomatological School,Medical School of Nanjing Univeristy
- 0223A210 "2015"Cultivation Program for Reserve Talent s for Academic Leaders of Nanjing Stomatological School,Medical School of Nanjing Univeristy
- 0223A210 "2015"Cultivation Program for Reserve Talent s for Academic Leaders of Nanjing Stomatological School,Medical School of Nanjing Univeristy
- 0223A210 "2015"Cultivation Program for Reserve Talent s for Academic Leaders of Nanjing Stomatological School,Medical School of Nanjing Univeristy
- 0223A210 "2015"Cultivation Program for Reserve Talent s for Academic Leaders of Nanjing Stomatological School,Medical School of Nanjing Univeristy
- “2015”Cultivation Program for Reserve Talent s for Academic Leaders of Nanjing Stomatological School,Medical School of Nanjing Univeristy
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Affiliation(s)
- Size Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210008, China
| | - Han Bao
- Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210008, China
| | - Xiaojie Su
- Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210008, China
| | - Liping Xiong
- Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210008, China
| | - Qianwen Yin
- Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210008, China
| | - Deao Gu
- Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210008, China
| | - Leiying Miao
- Department of Endodontics, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210008, China.
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Wu T, Zheng F, Tang HY, Li HZ, Cui XY, Ding S, Liu D, Li CY, Jiang JH, Yang RL. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound reduces alveolar bone resorption during orthodontic treatment via Lamin A/C-Yes-associated protein axis in stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2024; 16:267-286. [PMID: 38577236 PMCID: PMC10989285 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v16.i3.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The bone remodeling during orthodontic treatment for malocclusion often requires a long duration of around two to three years, which also may lead to some complications such as alveolar bone resorption or tooth root resorption. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS), a noninvasive physical therapy, has been shown to promote bone fracture healing. It is also reported that LIPUS could reduce the duration of orthodontic treatment; however, how LIPUS regulates the bone metabolism during the orthodontic treatment process is still unclear. AIM To investigate the effects of LIPUS on bone remodeling in an orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) model and explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS A rat model of OTM was established, and alveolar bone remodeling and tooth movement rate were evaluated via micro-computed tomography and staining of tissue sections. In vitro, human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) were isolated to detect their osteogenic differentiation potential under compression and LIPUS stimulation by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, and Alizarin red staining. The expression of Yes-associated protein (YAP1), the actin cytoskeleton, and the Lamin A/C nucleoskeleton were detected with or without YAP1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) application via immunofluorescence. RESULTS The force treatment inhibited the osteogenic differentiation potential of hBMSCs; moreover, the expression of osteogenesis markers, such as type 1 collagen (COL1), runt-related transcription factor 2, ALP, and osteocalcin (OCN), decreased. LIPUS could rescue the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs with increased expression of osteogenic marker inhibited by force. Mechanically, the expression of LaminA/C, F-actin, and YAP1 was downregulated after force treatment, which could be rescued by LIPUS. Moreover, the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs increased by LIPUS could be attenuated by YAP siRNA treatment. Consistently, LIPUS increased alveolar bone density and decreased vertical bone absorption in vivo. The decreased expression of COL1, OCN, and YAP1 on the compression side of the alveolar bone was partially rescued by LIPUS. CONCLUSION LIPUS can accelerate tooth movement and reduce alveolar bone resorption by modulating the cytoskeleton-Lamin A/C-YAP axis, which may be a promising strategy to reduce the orthodontic treatment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wu
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Fu Zheng
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hong-Yi Tang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hua-Zhi Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xin-Yu Cui
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shuai Ding
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Duo Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Cui-Ying Li
- Department of Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jiu-Hui Jiang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Rui-Li Yang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China.
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Chun Y, Lee Y, Lee H, Kim M, Kim H. Analytical study for prediction of stress distribution on orthodontic archwire considering short-term stress loss. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2023; 26:1752-1760. [PMID: 36420982 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2022.2140010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This article proposes a method to predict the stress distributions on orthodontic archwires by considering the short-term stress losses. First, finite element (FE) analysis and numerical analysis using stress-loss formulations were performed. The FE models of the upper teeth and archwire were generated, and the initial stresses along the archwire were predicted from the FE model. The initial stresses on the wire were released in a relatively short amount of time due to shortening of the teeth, and slip and friction between the wire and brackets. Therefore, the formulations for the short-term stress losses were adopted from prestressed concrete design techniques and used to calculate the wire stress releases. To validate, loading tests and image processing were conducted, and the stresses were calculated from the deformations and curvatures of the loaded wire images. FE analyses without considering the stress losses predicted the stress distributions are unrealistically large; hence, including losses from elastic shortening, anchorage slip, and friction area could reduce the initial stresses by 16-34%. Comparing the average wire stress from FE analysis with image processing, a difference of only 0.82% was noted, which validates the method for predicting stress distribution using FE analysis and the method for stress loss calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonju Chun
- Department of Architectural and Urban Systems Engineering, College of Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeokyeong Lee
- Department of Architectural and Urban Systems Engineering, College of Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunju Lee
- Department of Architectural and Urban Systems Engineering, College of Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Kim
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesun Kim
- Department of Architectural and Urban Systems Engineering, College of Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Daljeet M, Warunek S, Covell DA, Monegro A, Giangreco T, Al-Jewair T. Association between obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and bone mineral density in adult orthodontic populations. Cranio 2022:1-11. [PMID: 36368042 DOI: 10.1080/08869634.2022.2142724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the association between obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and predicted bone mineral density (BMD) in adults presenting for orthodontic treatment. METHODS This retrospective cross-sectional study included 38 adults divided into OSAS and non-OSAS groups. Using pre-treatment CBCT images, radiographic density (RD) of left and right lateral regions of the 1st cervical vertebrae and dens of the 2nd cervical vertebrae were measured as an indicator for BMD. RESULTS When controlling for age, sex, and BMI, the mean RD was significantly lower in the OSAS group compared to the non-OSAS group (left CV1: 36.69 ± 84.50 vs. 81.67 ± 93.25 Hounsfield Units [HU], respectively, p = 0.031; right CV1: 30.59 ± 81.18 vs. 74.26 ± 91.81 HU, p = 0.045; dens: 159.25 ± 115.96 vs. 223.94 ± 106.09 HU, p = 0.038). CONCLUSION Adults with OSAS have lower values for predicted BMD than those without OSAS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen Warunek
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - David A Covell
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Alberto Monegro
- Pediatric Sleep Center, School of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | - Thikriat Al-Jewair
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Sahtout GF, Burhan AS, Nawaya FR. Effect of cigarette smoking on alveolar bone thickness and density in patients undergoing leveling and alignment of crowded lower anterior teeth: a controlled clinical trial. J Int Med Res 2022; 50:3000605221138461. [PMID: 36418930 PMCID: PMC9703496 DOI: 10.1177/03000605221138461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of cigarette smoking on the alveolar bone thickness and density in patients undergoing leveling and alignment of crowded lower anterior teeth. METHODS This controlled clinical trial involved 17 smokers and 17 nonsmokers with mild to moderate crowding of the anterior mandibular teeth. Two cone-beam computed tomography images of the mandible were taken before and after treatment. The length of each tooth root was calculated in each T0 image, and the root was divided into three equal regions. Three lines were drawn parallel to the line of the cementoenamel junction at these three regions of the root, and the previously drawn lines were used to measure bone thickness and bone density. RESULTS The mean changes in cortical bone thickness and bone density were significantly smaller in smokers than nonsmokers. Cortical bone thickness and bone density were significantly lower after than before treatment in both smokers and nonsmokers. CONCLUSION In addition to all of its known dangers, cigarette smoking may also harm the alveolar bone by decreasing the bone thickness and density during orthodontic treatment in heavy smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghaith F Sahtout
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Ahmad S Burhan
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Fehmieh R Nawaya
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Syrian Private University, Damascus Countryside, Syria
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Dynamic changes in tooth displacement and bone morphometry induced by orthodontic force. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13672. [PMID: 35953700 PMCID: PMC9372182 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17412-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
This study used a novel 3D analysis to longitudinally evaluate orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) and bone morphometry. Twelve-week-old male Wistar rats were subjected to OTM by applying a constant orthodontic force (OF) of 25cN between one of the upper first molars and a mini-screw. In vivo micro-CTs were taken before and after 10, 17, 24 and 31 days of force application, and superimposed by a novel and rigid voxel-based registration method. Then the tooth and alveolar bone segment at different time points became comparable in the same coordinate system, which facilitated the analysis of their dynamic changes in 3D. By comparison between time points and between OF and no OF sides, this study showed that the OTM rate was not constant through time, but conformed to a ‘V’ shape changing pattern. Besides, OF induced displacement of both loaded and unloaded teeth, and the latter mirrored the former in a delayed manner. In addition, bone morphometric changes synchronized with OTM rate changes, implying that a higher OTM rate was concomitant with more alveolar bone loss. The pressure and tension areas might not be in two opposite sides, but actually adjacent and connected. These findings might provide instructive evidence for both clinical, translational and basic research in orthodontics.
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Alkasaby AA, Shamaa MS, Abdelnaby YL. The effects of micro-osteoperforation on upper first molar root resorption and bone density after distalization by miniscrew-supported Fast Back appliance in adults: A CBCT randomized controlled trial. Int Orthod 2022; 20:100611. [PMID: 35148973 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2022.100611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate, primary the effects of Micro-osteoperforation (MOP) on orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR) of maxillary first molars, and secondary, the density of surrounding alveolar bone during distalization phase with Fast Back distalizer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Female patients between 16-20 years of age (University of Mansoura), meeting the criteria, were included between March to September 2019. They were randomly, and equally allocated into control and MOP groups. Both of them underwent distalization with Fast Back distalizer. 3MOPs were applied in the intervention group, distal to the first molars using a 3D printed guide. CBCT images were obtained before and after distalization. Apical root resorption maxillary first molars' roots, and alveolar bone density surrounding them were evaluated using independent-samples t-test. Time of distalization phase was assessed using Mann-Whitney U test. Correlation and partial correlation tests were done between resorption of roots, bone density, and time. RESULTS Screening of 50 patients, and exclusion for 30 of them were done. Only 20 subjects underwent the trial to the end. In MOP group, OIIRR of mesiobuccal roots significantly increased (MD=-0.2 (-0.34 to -0.01), P<0.05), and significantly decreased for disto-buccal roots (MD=0.6 (0.45 to 0.72), P<0.001). The second and third layers of bone density decreased significantly in MOP group (MD=116.7 (50.8 to 182.5), MD=560.4 (327.9 to 792.7) respectively, P<0.001). Time for distalization phase was significantly reduced in MOP group (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS MOP decreased OIIRR for nearby distobuccal roots by reduction in surrounding density of bone, and increased OIIRR for the far mesiobuccal roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa A Alkasaby
- Orthodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Mansoura, Algomhoria St., 35516 Dakahlia, Egypt.
| | - Marwa S Shamaa
- Orthodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Mansoura, Algomhoria St., 35516 Dakahlia, Egypt
| | - Yasser L Abdelnaby
- Orthodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Mansoura, Algomhoria St., 35516 Dakahlia, Egypt
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Al-Fakhry H, Al-Sayagh N. Effects of Injectable platelet rich fibrin (i-PRF) on reduction of relapse after orthodontic tooth movement: Rabbits model study. J Orthod Sci 2022; 11:10. [PMID: 35754413 PMCID: PMC9214418 DOI: 10.4103/jos.jos_165_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is to determine whether submucosal local injection of i-PRF may affect orthodontic relapse by increasing bone density, which further leads to reducing orthodontic relapse. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-five adult male albino rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: group I (control) with 15 rabbits injected with 200 μl of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), group II with 15 rabbits injected with 200 μl of i-PRF, and group III of 15 rabbits inject with 400 μl of i-PRF. The lower incisors of rabbits moved distally by a modified orthodontic appliance for 2 weeks; then, the appliance was maintained in position to retain the gaining space for 2 weeks. During the retention period, each group was injected with the specific drug every 7 days. After the retention period, teeth were allowed to relapse by removal of the orthodontic appliance. The results were evaluated by measuring the amount of orthodontic relapse and bone density. The statistical analysis performed by ANOVA and Duncan (P < 0.05 was considered significant). RESULTS: I-PRF groups showed a significant reduction in the amount of relapse at 10, 13, 17, and 20 days compared to the control group, indicated by the highest percentage of relapse for the control group at the end of the study (20 days); it was (90.4%) in compared to lowest percentage of relapse for i-PRF groups—they were 61.2% and 59.9%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Results indicated that i-PRF has the potential to enhance the stability of teeth after orthodontic tooth movement and could have the ability to reduce relapse, probably by increasing the alveolar bone density.
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Influence of Intermittent Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Administration on the Outcomes of Orthodontic Tooth Movement—A Systematic Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11115268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this review is to summarize the effects of local and systemic PTH administration on periodontal tissues during orthodontic tooth movement. Materials and methods: An electronic search was conducted on the following databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, SCOPUS and Embase. On PubMed/MEDLINE, the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) keywords used were: “orthodontic tooth movement” OR (“tooth” (All Fields) AND “tooth movement” (All Fields)) OR “tooth movement” (All Fields)) AND (“parathyroid hormone”); all studies included using CONSORT. Results: After elimination of duplicates and articles not meeting our inclusion criteria, seven animal studies were included in this review. Although the majority of the studies suggest that PTH may a have a favorable outcome on OTM, most studies were found to have several sources of bias. Conclusion: Animal studies with minimal bias and long-term clinical studies are needed to ascertain the efficacy of intermittent PTH administration in improving the rate and retention of OTM.
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Tsai MT, Huang HL, Yang SG, Su KC, Fuh LJ, Hsu JT. Biomechanical analysis of occlusal modes on the periodontal ligament while orthodontic force applied. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:5661-5670. [PMID: 33665683 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-03868-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study objective was to investigate four common occlusal modes by using the finite element (FE) method and to conduct a biomechanical analysis of the periodontal ligament (PDL) and surrounding bone when orthodontic force is applied. MATERIALS AND METHODS A complete mandibular FE model including teeth and the PDL was established on the basis of cone-beam computed tomography images of an artificial mandible. In the FE model, the left and right mandibular first premolars were not modeled because both canines required distal movement. In addition, four occlusal modes were simulated: incisal clench (INC), intercuspal position (ICP), right unilateral molar clench (RMOL), and right group function (RGF). The effects of these four occlusal modes on the von Mises stress and strain of the canine PDLs and bone were analyzed. RESULTS Occlusal mode strongly influenced the distribution and value of von Mises strain in the canine PDLs. The maximum von Mises strain values on the canine PDLs were 0.396, 1.811, 0.398, and 1.121 for INC, ICP, RMOL, and RGF, respectively. The four occlusal modes had smaller effects on strain distribution in the cortical bone, cancellous bone, and miniscrews. CONCLUSION Occlusal mode strongly influenced von Mises strain on the canine PDLs when orthodontic force was applied. CLINICAL RELEVANCE When an FE model is used to analyze the biomechanical behavior of orthodontic treatments, the effect of muscle forces caused by occlusion must be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Tzu Tsai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hungkuang University, Taichung, 433, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Li Huang
- School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Guang Yang
- Master Program for Biomedical Engineering, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chih Su
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hungkuang University, Taichung, 433, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, 407, Taiwan
| | - Lih-Jyh Fuh
- School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Ting Hsu
- School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan.
- School of Dentistry, College of Dentistry, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
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Three-Dimensional Evaluation on Cortical Bone During Orthodontic Surgical Treatment. J Craniofac Surg 2021; 31:1637-1646. [PMID: 32502113 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000006592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult patients' severe malocclusions, especially the skeletal ones, cannot be exclusively solved by the orthodontic treatment and therefore a combined orthodontic-surgical treatment is necessary. Today, numerous software allows to plane and to visualize the final treatment results simulating the best therapeutic option. This is a retrospective experimental study that aims to analyze the changes in the buccal cortical bone in patients undergoing orthodontics surgeries and to evaluate the correlation between the dental movement and the changes in the relative bone cortex. The study sample consists of 32 subjects. By applying the CBCT radiographic examinations, the measurements were made in well-defined points of reference. The 3D study of the dental changes of position and the cortical buccal bone related variation, suggests how the determined orthodontic movement of the dental element does not achieve an easily predictable bone variation. Therefore, it also suggests that there is no direct proportionality relationship between the extent of bone apposition/reabsorption and dental movement.
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Al-Khalifa KS, Baeshen HA. Micro-osteoperforations and Its Effect on the Rate of Tooth Movement: A Systematic Review. Eur J Dent 2021; 15:158-167. [PMID: 32610360 PMCID: PMC7902111 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1713955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolonged orthodontic treatments have inconvenienced patients and clinicians alike. Surgically assisted techniques for accelerating orthodontic tooth movement have shown promising results in the literature over the years. The minimally invasive nature of micro-osteoperforations (MOPs), however, for enhanced orthodontic tooth movement has recently gained momentum, with many clinical trials conducted on both animals and humans. An electronic search was performed to extract papers using PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science. The keywords that were used included "MOP," "accelerating tooth movement," "orthodontic tooth movement," and "regional acceleratory phenomenon." The studies that met our inclusion criteria were extracted and evaluated in this review. MOPs have been proven time and again, in animal and human studies alike, to increase the rate of orthodontic tooth movement. The application of perforations to cortical bone present in the pathway of teeth, which are specifically to be moved creates transient osteopenia. This reduces the density of the cortical bone, hence speeding up the rate of orthodontic tooth movement. Many techniques have been implemented and perfected to enhance orthodontic tooth movement and shorten the treatment time in the literature. MOPs have proven to be a universally applied, nontechnical, repeatable, and minimally invasive method of accelerating tooth movement, with extremely minimal consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalifa S. Al-Khalifa
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hosam A. Baeshen
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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ElNaghy R, Bous R, Chinoy A, Kumar A, Valiathan M. A Qualitative Assessment of Bone Mineral Density in Individuals With Hemifacial Microsomia: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2020; 58:1086-1093. [PMID: 33251829 DOI: 10.1177/1055665620975638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to utilize cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) to compare the bone mineral density (BMD) on the affected versus nonaffected side, among individuals with hemifacial microsomia (HFM). METHODS This retrospective study included 9 patients with HFM. Pretreatment CBCT volumes were imported into Invivo5 software, which was used to measure BMD through Hounsfield units (HU) in 3 regions of the mandible; inferior to the lower lateral incisors, inferior to the first molar and at the ramus inferior to the sigmoid notch. Each region was measured at the buccal cortical bone, lingual cortical bone, and cancellous bone. The densities on the right and left sides were compared by Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS Overall, the BMD on the affected side tended to show slightly lower values when compared with the nonaffected side. Differences ranged from 14 HU at the lingual cortical plate of the first molar region to 234 HU at the buccal cortical plate of the ramus region. Differences were only statistically significant at the ramus region for the buccal (P = .002) and lingual (P < .001) cortical plates and at the lower incisor region at the buccal cortical plate (P = .016) and cancellous bone (P = .044). The differences, however, did not seem to be clinically significant. CONCLUSIONS The current study shows that the quality of bone on the affected side may be slightly reduced but did not seem to be clinically significant. This should be accounted for during surgical and orthodontic planning for patients with HFM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahma ElNaghy
- Craniofacial, Surgical and Special Care Orthodontics, Case Western Reserve University, School of Dental Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Rany Bous
- Craniofacial, Surgical and Special Care Orthodontics, Case Western Reserve University, School of Dental Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Anand Kumar
- Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Pediatric Plastic Surgery, University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Manish Valiathan
- Case Western Reserve University, School of Dental Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Guo R, Zhang L, Hu M, Huang Y, Li W. Alveolar bone changes in maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth during orthodontic treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Orthod Craniofac Res 2020; 24:165-179. [PMID: 32779352 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The association between tooth movement and remodelling of surrounding bone is controversial. To analyse the effect of tooth movement on alveolar bone changes in maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). The Embase, Cochrane Library and Medline databases were searched without any language restrictions. Longitudinal studies using CBCT to observe alveolar bone changes of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth during orthodontic treatment were included. Two independent reviewers performed the study selection, data extraction and methodological quality assessment. A total of 26 studies were included in this review, 14 of which were eligible for quantitative synthesis. In extraction cases, meta-analysis showed vertical bone loss on the labial (0.36 mm) and lingual (0.94 mm) sides of maxillary incisors, and lingual bone thickness decreased significantly at the cervical level (0.57 mm). In non-extraction cases, vertical alveolar bone loss was significant on the labial side (0.97 mm) and lingual side (0.86 mm) of mandibular incisors. Subgroup analysis for skeletal class III patients indicated that vertical alveolar bone loss was 1.16 mm on the labial side and 0.83 mm on the lingual side of mandibular incisors. The absence of high-quality studies and the high heterogeneity of the included studies were limitations of this systematic review and meta-analysis. Based on limited evidence, alveolar bone height and thickness, especially at the cervical level, decreased during both labial and lingual movement of anterior teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runzhi Guo
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Liwen Zhang
- Department of Dental Medical Center, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Menglong Hu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yiping Huang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Weiran Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
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15
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Alencar DS, Cunha Almeida RC, Maues Casagrande CP, Prado R, Hermolin A, de Assis Ribeiro Carvalho F. Orthodontic-surgical treatment for a patient with Class II malocclusion and inadequate maxillary incisor inclination. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2020; 157:690-703. [PMID: 32354442 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2019.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dental health and patient satisfaction at the end of orthodontic treatment are needed if the treatment is to be considered successful. This case report highlights the importance of proper diagnosis for a patient initially treated with camouflage, despite the indications for surgery. A 16-year-old male patient sought treatment complaining about his appearance. He had been using an appliance for 6 years without improvement. He had a convex profile, an enlarged lower third of the face, reduced cervical-mandibular line, and Class II molar relationship. The maxillary incisors had excessive buccal root torque, throbbing pain, and dental mobility, with no visible bone coverage in the tomographic sections. The cephalometric analysis confirmed the skeletal Class II relationship (ANB, 11.6°; Wits appraisal, 14.2 mm) because of severe mandibular deficiency (SNB, 71.2°), aggravated by the vertical growth tendency (FMA, 27.3°). Changes in IMPA (108.1°) and U1-NA (0.9°; -2.9 mm) reflected the previous orthodontic attempt to compensate for the malocclusion. After periodontal and endodontic evaluation, a new treatment plan was developed. The incisors would be positioned in their bone bases, the mandibular first premolars would be extracted to create space for the second molars and increase the overjet, and the patient would be referred for orthognathic surgery. The patient was satisfied with the esthetic and functional results of this treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Silveira Alencar
- Discipline of Orthodontics, Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Rhita Cristina Cunha Almeida
- Discipline of Orthodontics, Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Caroline Pelagio Maues Casagrande
- Discipline of Orthodontics, Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Roberto Prado
- Discipline of Buccomaxillofacial Surgery, Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Felipe de Assis Ribeiro Carvalho
- Discipline of Orthodontics, Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Mandible Integrity and Material Properties of the Periodontal Ligament during Orthodontic Tooth Movement: A Finite-Element Study. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10082980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We used the finite-element method (FEM) to investigate the effects of jawbone model integrity and the material properties of the periodontal ligament (PDL) on orthodontic tooth movement. Medical imaging software and computer-aided design software were used to create finite-element models of a partial and complete mandibles based on dental cone beam computed tomography images of the human skull. Additionally, we exerted an orthodontic force on the canine crown in the direction of an orthodontic miniscrew under a lower molar root to compare the von Mises strain on the canine PDL in three models: a partial mandible model under orthodontic force (Model 1), a complete mandible model under orthodontic force (Model 2), and a complete mandible model under orthodontic force with clench occlusion in the intercuspal position (ICP; Model 3). Additionally, in the complete mandible model under orthodontic force with ICP occlusion, we analyzed the effects of a PDL with a low (Model 4), moderate (Model 5), and high (Model 6) linear elastic modulus and a PDL a bilinear elastic modulus (Model 7). The simulation results for mandible integrity indicated that the maximum von Mises strains on the canine PDL for Models 1, 2, and 3 were 0.461, 0.394, and 1.811, respectively. Moreover, for the models with different PDL material properties, the maximum von Mises strains on the canine PDLs for Models 4, 5, 6, and 7 were 6.047, 2.594, 0.887, and 1.811, respectively. When the FEM was used to evaluate tooth movement caused by orthodontic force, the transformation of a complete mandible model into a partial mandible model or alteration of the elastic modulus of the PDL influenced the biomechanical responses of the PDL. Additionally, the incorporation of daily ICP occlusion resulted in a larger effect.
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Analysis of Bone Density in a Group of Patients with Dental Inclusion. BALKAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/bjdm-2019-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary
Background/Aim: Genetic and environmental etiologic factors have been described for maxillary canine impaction, except for the trabecular bone characteristics in the impacted area. The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface area and bone density using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of patients with maxillary impacted canines.
Material and Methods: The sample comprised preorthodontic treatment, CBCT images of 24 participants with unilateral maxillary impacted canines, using the impacted side as study group and the non-impacted side as control group. CBCT images were acquired in portrait mode (17 × 23 cm high field of view) at 120 kV, 5 mA, 8.9 seconds exposure time, and 0.3 mm voxel size. Each root was divided into three levels (cervical, intermediate, and apical) to determine whether the bone density change varied with the tooth level. Moreover, each level was divided into four regions (palatal, distal, mesial, and buccal sides). Bone density was measured using Hounsfield Units. Comparisons were made using paired t tests and linear regression. Repeated measurements were obtained randomly from about 20% of the sample.
Results: In subjects with unilateral impactions, the maxillary bone density was higher in the impacted side, with a mean difference of 350 HU. Bone density increases in the corono-apical direction of about 100 HU in the impaction site and about 50 HU in the site of the erupted canine. The repeated measurements showed similar results.
Conclusions: The maxillary alveolar bone area and bone density are increased in the impacted side compared with the nonimpacted side.
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Le MHT, Noor Hayaty AK, Zaini ZM, Dom SM, Ibrahim N, Radzi ZB. Alveolar restoration following rapid maxillary expansion with and without corticotomy: A microcomputed tomography study in sheep. Korean J Orthod 2019; 49:235-245. [PMID: 31367578 PMCID: PMC6658903 DOI: 10.4041/kjod.2019.49.4.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study examined bone microstructure restoration after rapid maxillary expansion (RME) with and without corticotomy over multiple retention periods. Methods Eighteen male Dorper sheep were randomly distributed into three groups (n = 6 each group): group 1, RME with corticotomy on the buccal and palatal sides; group 2, conventional RME treatment; and group 3, no treatment. Post-RME, trabecular bone microstructure and new bone formation were evaluated by using microcomputed tomography (microCT) and histomorphometry after a 4- or 12-week retention period. Intergroup differences in bone quality and bone remodeling were analyzed by using two-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni post-hoc test. Results The bone volume fraction (bone volume [BV]/total volume [TV]) values relative to the control in groups 1 and 2 were 54.40% to 69.88% after the 4-week retention period and returned to approximately 80% after the 12-week retention period. The pooled BV/TV values of the banded teeth in groups 1 and 2 were significantly lower than those of the control after the 4-week retention period (p < 0.05). However, after the 12-week retention period, the pooled BV/TV values in group 2 were significantly lower than those in groups 1 and 3 (p < 0.05). Histomorphological analysis showed that the new bone formation area in group 1 was approximately two to three times of those in group 2 and control. Conclusions Corticotomy significantly enhanced the restoration of bone quality after the retention periods for banded teeth. This benefit might result from the increased new bone formation after corticotomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- My Huy Thuc Le
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Abu Kasim Noor Hayaty
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Wellness Research Cluster, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zuraiza Mohamad Zaini
- Department of Oro-maxillofacial Surgical and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sulaiman Md Dom
- Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norliza Ibrahim
- Department of Oro-maxillofacial Surgical and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zamri Bin Radzi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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19
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Mena Laura EE, Cestari TM, Almeida R, Pereira DS, Taga R, Garlet GP, Assis GF. Metformin as an add-on to insulin improves periodontal response during orthodontic tooth movement in type 1 diabetic rats. J Periodontol 2019; 90:920-931. [PMID: 30698273 DOI: 10.1002/jper.18-0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is associated with delayed tissue healing and bone loss. Periodontal tissues during tooth movement (OTM) in T1D and under diabetic treatment are poorly understood. We aimed to study the effect of metformin as an add-on to insulin therapy on periodontal structures during OTM in T1D rats. METHODS Rats were divided into normoglycemic (NG, n = 20) and streptozotocin-induced diabetic groups that were untreated (T1D, n = 20), treated with insulin (I-T1D, n = 20), or treated with insulin plus metformin (IM-T1D, n = 20). After 7 days of treatment, the first right upper molar (M1) was moved mesially. At days 0, 3, 7 and 14, the pattern of OTM and the periodontal tissues were analyzed by micro-CT, histomorphometry, and immunohistochemistry for TRAP. RESULTS In T1D, major osteoclastogenic activity and bone loss versus other groups were confirmed by a greater TRAP-positive cell number and reabsorption surface on both the pressure and tension sides for 14 days (p < 0.01). Additionally, we observed low bone volume density. Metformin plus insulin resulted in a daily insulin dose reduction and major glycemic control versus I-T1D. Although no significant differences were observed between I-T1D and IM-T1D, the tooth displacement and inclination, periodontal ligament thickness, and alveolar bone density on the pressure side in IM-T1D were similar to that of NG (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Antidiabetic treatment reduces severe periodontal damage during applied orthodontic force in T1D untreated rats. Metformin as an add-on to insulin therapy resulted in glycemic control and a periodontal tissue response to orthodontic forces that was similar to that of normoglycemic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ever Elias Mena Laura
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, São Paulo University, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tania Mary Cestari
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, São Paulo University, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Almeida
- Department of Bioprocess and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela Santos Pereira
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, São Paulo University, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rumio Taga
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, São Paulo University, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Pompermaier Garlet
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, São Paulo University, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gerson Francisco Assis
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, São Paulo University, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
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20
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Chang LC, Tsai IM. Comparison of Early Implant Failure Rates Between Subjects With and Without Orthodontic Treatment Before Dental Implantation. J ORAL IMPLANTOL 2018; 45:29-34. [PMID: 30088949 DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-d-17-00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study compared early dental implant failure rates between patients with and without orthodontic treatment before dental implantation. The data of adults who had undergone dental implantation between January 2007 and December 2016 were analyzed retrospectively. A total of 124 subjects with 255 implants were divided into a treatment group (46 subjects, 85 teeth) consisting of patients who had undergone implant surgery after orthodontic treatment and a control group of patients who had not undergone preimplant orthodontic treatment. Implants that failed before permanent crown fabrication were defined as failures. No significant differences in gender or age were found between the treatment group and controls. No significant differences were found in implant failure rates in either jaw between the treatment and control groups. However, the failure rate was still higher in the treatment group (14.81%) than in the control group (3.28%) for the maxilla. Results of this study demonstrate an increased implant failure rate only in the maxilla of patients who underwent orthodontic treatment before dental implantation, especially implant surgery combined with a sinus lift procedure. Further study with a larger sample size and longer follow-up period is necessary to confirm results of the present study and identify other confounding factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ching Chang
- 1 Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Chiayi, Taiwan.,2 Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - I-Ming Tsai
- 1 Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Chiayi, Taiwan
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21
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Cheung T, Park J, Lee D, Kim C, Olson J, Javadi S, Lawson G, McCabe J, Moon W, Ting K, Hong C. Ability of mini-implant-facilitated micro-osteoperforations to accelerate tooth movement in rats. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2017; 150:958-967. [PMID: 27894545 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2016.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although current techniques for accelerated tooth movement often involve invasive surgical procedures, micro-osteoperforations (MOPs) using mini-implants may facilitate orthodontic tooth movement without raising flaps, reduce surgical risks, and increase patient acceptance. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of mini-implant-facilitated MOPs in inducing accelerated tooth movement and investigated the potential risks for root resorption. METHODS Five MOPs were placed on the left side around the maxillary first molars in 6 rats using an automated mini-implant driver, whereas the right side received no MOPs as the control. Closed-coiled springs were secured from incisors to first molars for orthodontic tooth movement. Tooth movement was measured, and samples underwent radiologic and histologic analyses. RESULTS The MOP side exhibited a 1.86-fold increase in the rate of tooth movement with decreased bone density and bone volume around the first molars compared with the control side. Hematoxylin and eosin and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase analyses showed increased numbers of osteoclasts as well as new bone formation. Three-dimensional volumetric analysis of all 5 roots of the maxillary first molars demonstrated no statistically significant difference in root volumes. CONCLUSIONS Mini-implant-facilitated MOPs accelerated tooth movement without increased risk for root resorption and therefore may become a readily available and efficient treatment option to shorten orthodontic treatment time with improved patient acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Cheung
- Resident, Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Juyoung Park
- Graduate student, Division of Oral Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Deborah Lee
- Graduate student, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Catherine Kim
- Graduate student, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Jeffrey Olson
- Graduate student, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Shadi Javadi
- Assistant project scientist, Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Gregory Lawson
- Director, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Laboratory Animal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - James McCabe
- Training manager, Division of Laboratory Animal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Won Moon
- Clinical associate professor, Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Kang Ting
- Chair and professor, Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Christine Hong
- Assistant professor, Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif.
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Hutchinson EF, Farella M, Hoffman J, Kramer B. Variations in bone density across the body of the immature human mandible. J Anat 2017; 230:679-688. [PMID: 28256069 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
During growth the mandible accommodates increases in biomechanical loading resulting from changes in the function of structures of the oral cavity. Biomechanical loads are thought to play an intricate and vital role in the modelling and remodelling of bone, with site-specific effects on bone mineral density. It is anticipated that the effects of this loading on bone mineral density are intensified during the functional transition from prenatal to postnatal stages. The aim of this study was thus to evaluate changes in bone mineral density across the body of the immature human mandible during the early stages of dental development. The study sample included 45 human mandibles, subdivided into three age groups: prenatal (30 gestational weeks to birth; n = 15); early postnatal (birth to 12 months; n = 18); and late postnatal (1-5 years; n = 12). Mandibles were scanned using X-ray micro-computed tomography. Eight landmarks were selected along the buccal/labial and lingual surfaces of each dental crypt for evaluation of the bone mineral density. Bone mineral density values were calculated using a reference standard and analysed using multivariate statistics. The bone mineral density of the lingual surface was found to be significantly higher (P ≤ 0.000) than that of the buccal/labial surface. Furthermore, bone mineral density in the alveolar region of the buccal/labial surface of the deciduous central incisor (P ≤ 0.001), the deciduous first molar (P ≤ 0.013) and lingual alveolar area of the deciduous second molar (P ≤ 0.032) were significantly greater in the early postnatal period than in the prenatal period. While changes in bone mineral density across the lingual surface were consistent with the progression of development and the biomechanical demand of the tongue as previously demonstrated, changes observed across the buccal/labial surface of the mandible appeared to accompany the advancing dental development. Thus, changes in bone mineral density across the mandible appear to be reflective of the stage of dental development and the level of biomechanical loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin F Hutchinson
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mauro Farella
- Discipline of Orthodontics, Department of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jakobus Hoffman
- Radiography and Tomography Division of Radiation Sciences, South African Nuclear Energy Corporation, Pelindaba, South Africa
| | - Beverley Kramer
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Jiang F, Xia Z, Li S, Eckert G, Chen J. Mechanical environment change in root, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone in response to two canine retraction treatment strategies. Orthod Craniofac Res 2016; 18 Suppl 1:29-38. [PMID: 25865531 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the initial mechanical environment (ME) changes in root surface, periodontal ligament (PDL), and alveolar bone due to two treatment strategies, low or high moment-to-force ratio (M/F). SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis. Eighteen patients who underwent maxillary bilateral canine retraction. MATERIAL AND METHOD Finite element models of the maxillary canines from the patients were built based on their cone beam computed tomography scans. For each patient, the canine on one side had a specially designed T-loop spring with the M/F higher than the other side. Four stress invariants (1st principal/dilatational/3rd principal/von Mises stress) in the tissues were calculated. The stresses were compared with the bone mineral density (BMD) changes reported previously for linking the ME change to bone modeling/remodeling activities. The correlation was tested by the mixed-model anova. RESULTS The alveolar bone in the direction of tooth movement is primarily in tension, while the PDL is in compression; the stresses in the opposite direction have a reversed pattern. The M/F primarily affects the stress in root. Three stress invariants (1st principal/3rd principal/dilatational stress) in the tooth movement direction have moderate correlations with BMD loss. CONCLUSIONS The stress invariants may be used to characterize what the osteocytes sense when ME changes. Their distributions in the tissues are significantly different, meaning the cells experience different stimuli. The higher bone activities along the direction of tooth movement may be related to the initial volumetric increase and decrease in the alveolar bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Jiang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Garcia VJ, Arnabat J, Comesaña R, Kasem K, Ustrell JM, Pasetto S, Segura OP, ManzanaresCéspedes MC, Carvalho-Lobato P. Effect of low-level laser therapy after rapid maxillary expansion: a clinical investigation. Lasers Med Sci 2016; 31:1185-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-016-1970-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Yi J, Yan B, Li M, Wang Y, Zheng W, Li Y, Zhao Z. Caffeine may enhance orthodontic tooth movement through increasing osteoclastogenesis induced by periodontal ligament cells under compression. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 64:51-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abstract
Few studies involving human participants have been conducted to investigate the effect of orthodontic treatment on alveolar bone density around the teeth. Our previous study revealed that patients who received 6 months of active orthodontic treatment exhibited an ∼24% decrease in alveolar bone density around the teeth. However, after an extensive retention period following orthodontic treatment, whether the bone density around the teeth can recover to its original state from before the treatment remains unclear, thus warranting further investigation.The purpose of this study was to assess the bone density changes around the teeth before, during, and after orthodontic treatment.Dental cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was used to measure the changes in bone density around 6 teeth in the anterior maxilla (maxilla central incisors, lateral incisors, and canines) of 8 patients before and after orthodontic treatment. Each patient underwent 3 dental CBCT scans: before treatment (T0); at the end of 7 months of active orthodontic treatment (T1); after several months (20-22 months) of retention (T2). The Friedman test was applied to evaluate the changes in the alveolar bone density around the teeth according to the 3 dental CBCT scans.From T0 to T1, a significant reduction in bone density was observed around the teeth (23.36 ± 10.33%); by contrast, a significant increase was observed from T1 to T2 (31.81 ± 23.80%). From the perspective of the overall orthodontic treatment, comparing the T0 and T2 scans revealed that the bone density around the teeth was relatively constant (a reduction of only 0.75 ± 19.85%). The results of the statistical test also confirmed that the difference in bone density between T0 and T2 was nonsignificant.During orthodontic tooth movement, the alveolar bone density around the teeth was reduced. However, after a period of bone recovery, the reduced bone density recovered to its previous state from before the orthodontic treatment. However, the bone density around ∼10% of the teeth in this region could not recover to 80% of its state from before the orthodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hong Yu
- From the School of Dentistry (J-HY, H-LH, C-FL, J-TH), College of Medicine China Medical University, Taichung; Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering (H-LH, J-TH), Asia University, Taichung; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences (JW), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei; Institute of Environmental Health (Y-FL), China Medical University; and Department of Biomedical Engineering (M-TT), Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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Wang WQ, Chen MYC, Huang HL, Fuh LJ, Tsai MT, Hsu JT. New quantitative classification of the anatomical relationship between impacted third molars and the inferior alveolar nerve. BMC Med Imaging 2015; 15:59. [PMID: 26643322 PMCID: PMC4672479 DOI: 10.1186/s12880-015-0101-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Before extracting impacted lower third molars, dentists must first identify the spatial relationship between the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) and an impacted lower third molar to prevent nerve injury from the extraction. Nevertheless, the current method for describing the spatial relationship between the IAN and an impacted lower third molar is deficient. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to: (1) evaluate the relative position between impacted lower third molars and the IAN; and (2) investigate the relative position between impacted lower third molars and the IAN by using a cylindrical coordinate system. METHODS From the radiology department's database, we selected computed tomography images of 137 lower third molars (from 75 patients) requiring removal and applied a Cartesian coordinate system by using Mimics, a medical imaging software application, to measure the distribution between impacted mandibular third molars and the IAN. In addition, the orientation of the lower third molar to the IAN was also measured, but by using a cylindrical coordinate system with the IAN as the origin. RESULTS According to the Cartesian coordinate system, most of the IAN runs through the inferior side of the third molar (78.6 %), followed by the lingual side (11.8 %), and the buccal side (8.9 %); only 0.7 % is positioned between the roots. Unlike the Cartesian coordinate system, the cylindrical coordinate system clearly identified the relative position, r and θ, between the IAN and lower third molar. CONCLUSIONS Using the cylindrical coordinate system to present the relationship between the IAN and lower third molar as (r, θ) might provide clinical practitioners with a more explicit and objective description of the relative position of both sites. However, comprehensive research and cautious application of this system remain necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Quan Wang
- School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Michael Y C Chen
- School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan. .,Department of Dentistry, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
| | - Heng-Li Huang
- School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan. .,Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan.
| | - Lih-Jyh Fuh
- School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan. .,Department of Dentistry, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Tzu Tsai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hungkuang University, Taichung, 433, Taiwan.
| | - Jui-Ting Hsu
- School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan. .,Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan.
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Jiang F, Liu SSY, Xia Z, Li S, Chen J, Kula KS, Eckert G. Hounsfield unit change in root and alveolar bone during canine retraction. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2015; 147:445-53. [PMID: 25836004 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2014.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective of this study was to determine the Hounsfield unit (HU) changes in the alveolar bone and root surfaces during controlled canine retractions. METHODS Eighteen maxillary canine retraction patients were selected for this split-mouth design clinical trial. The canines in each patient were randomly assigned to receive either translation or controlled tipping treatment. Pretreatment and posttreatment cone-beam computed tomography scans of each patient were used to determine tooth movement direction and HU changes. The alveolar bone and root surface were divided into 108 divisions, respectively. The HUs in each division were measured. Mixed-model analysis of variance was applied to test the HU change distribution at the P <0.05 significance level. RESULTS The HU changes varied with the directions relative to the canine movement. The HU reductions occurred at the root surfaces. Larger reductions occurred in the divisions that were perpendicular to the moving direction. However, HUs decreased in the alveolar bone in the moving direction. The highest HU reduction was at the coronal level. CONCLUSIONS HU reduction occurs on the root surface in the direction perpendicular to tooth movement and in the alveolar bone in the direction of tooth movement when a canine is retracted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Jiang
- Postgraduate student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - Sean S-Y Liu
- Assistant professor, Department of Orthodontics and Oral Facial Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - Zeyang Xia
- Associate professor, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shuning Li
- Visiting assistant professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - Jie Chen
- Professor and chair, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, Ind; professor, Department of Orthodontics and Oral Facial Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Ind.
| | - Katherine S Kula
- Professor and chair, Department of Orthodontics and Oral Facial Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - George Eckert
- Biostatistician supervisor, Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Ind
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Expression of HMGB1 in the periodontal tissue subjected to orthodontic force application by Waldo's method in mice. J Mol Histol 2014; 46:107-14. [PMID: 25523715 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-014-9606-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) originating from periodontal ligament (PDL) cells can be a potential regulator in the process of orthodontic tooth movement and periodontal tissue remodeling. The aim of this study is to investigate HMGB1 expression in periodontal tissue during orthodontic tooth movement in mice according to Waldo's method. Six 7-week-old C57BL6 mice were used in these experiments. The elastic band was inserted into the teeth space between the right first and second maxillary molars. After 3 days of mechanical loading, mice were fixed with transcardial perfusion of 4 % paraformaldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.4), and the maxillary was extracted for histochemical analyses. The histological examination revealed local PDL tear at the tension side and the formation of extensive cell-free hyaline zones at the compression side. The immunolocalization of HMGB1 was significantly presented at tension side of PDL, apical area and dental pulp, whereas at the compression side of PDL, the labeling of HMGB1 was almost undetectable as the presence of hyaline zone. Taken together, we concluded that the orthodontic tooth movement by Waldo's method leads to histological changes and HMGB1 expression pattern that differ from those of coil spring method, including PDL tear and extensive hyaline zone which may severely destroy periodontal tissue and in turn impede tooth movement.
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Campos MJDS, de Souza TS, Mota Júnior SL, Fraga MR, Vitral RWF. Bone mineral density in cone beam computed tomography: Only a few shades of gray. World J Radiol 2014; 6:607-12. [PMID: 25170398 PMCID: PMC4147441 DOI: 10.4329/wjr.v6.i8.607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) has often been used to determine the quality of craniofacial bone structures through the determination of mineral density, which is based on gray scales of the images obtained. However, there is no consensus regarding the accuracy of the determination of the gray scales in these exams. This study aims to provide a literature review concerning the reliability of CBCT to determine bone mineral density. The gray values obtained with CBCT show a linear relationship with the attenuation coefficients of the materials, Hounsfield Units values obtained with medical computed tomography, and density values from dual energy X-ray absorciometry. However, errors are expected when CBCT images are used to define the quality of the scanned structures because these images show inconsistencies and arbitrariness in the gray values, particularly when related to abrupt change in the density of the object, X-ray beam hardening effect, scattered radiation, projection data discontinuity-related effect, differences between CBCT devices, changes in the volume of the field of view (FOV), and changes in the relationships of size and position between the FOV and the object evaluated. A few methods of mathematical correction of the gray scales in CBCT have been proposed; however, they do not generate consistent values that are independent of the devices and their configurations or of the scanned objects. Thus, CBCT should not be considered the examination of choice for the determination of bone and soft tissue mineral density at the current stage, particularly when values obtained are to be compared to predetermined standard values. Comparisons between symmetrically positioned structures inside the FOV and in relation to the exomass of the object, as it occurs with the right and left sides of the skull, seem to be viable because the effects on the gray scale in the regions of interest are the same.
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Location of the mandibular canal and thickness of the occlusal cortical bone at dental implant sites in the lower second premolar and first molar. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2013; 2013:608570. [PMID: 24302975 PMCID: PMC3835806 DOI: 10.1155/2013/608570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the location of the mandibular canal and the thickness of the occlusal cortical bone at dental implant sites in the lower second premolar and lower first molar by using dental cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Seventy-nine sites (47 second premolar and 32 first molar sites) were identified in the dental CBCT examinations of 47 patients. In this study, 4 parameters were measured: (1) MC—the distance from the mandibular canal to the upper border of the mandible; (2) CD—the distance from the mandibular canal to the buccal border of the mandible; (3) MD—the distance from the mandibular canal to the lingual border of the mandible; (4) TC—the thickness of the cortical bone at the occlusal side. A statistical analysis was employed to compare the size and differences between these 4 parameters at the lower second premolar and lower first molar. Regarding the MC and MD, the experimental results showed no statistical difference between the first molar and second premolar. However, the TC for the second premolar was greater than that of the first molar. Thus, careful consideration is necessary in choosing the size of and operation type for dental implants.
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Hsu JT, Wang SP, Huang HL, Chen YJ, Wu J, Tsai MT. The assessment of trabecular bone parameters and cortical bone strength: A comparison of micro-CT and dental cone-beam CT. J Biomech 2013; 46:2611-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kalajzic Z, Peluso EB, Utreja A, Dyment N, Nihara J, Xu M, Chen J, Uribe F, Wadhwa S. Effect of cyclical forces on the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone remodeling during orthodontic tooth movement. Angle Orthod 2013; 84:297-303. [PMID: 23937517 DOI: 10.2319/032213-234.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of externally applied cyclical (vibratory) forces on the rate of tooth movement, the structural integrity of the periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone remodeling. METHODS Twenty-six female Sprague-Dawley rats (7 weeks old) were divided into four groups: CTRL (unloaded), VBO (molars receiving a vibratory stimulus only), TMO (molars receiving an orthodontic spring only), and TMO+VB (molars receiving an orthodontic spring and the additional vibratory stimulus). In TMO and TMO+VB groups, the rat first molars were moved mesially for 2 weeks using Nickel-Titanium coil spring delivering 25 g of force. In VBO and TMO+VB groups, cyclical forces at 0.4 N and 30 Hz were applied occlusally twice a week for 10 minutes. Microfocus X-ray computed tomography analysis and tooth movement measurements were performed on the dissected rat maxillae. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining and collagen fiber assessment were performed on histological sections. RESULTS Cyclical forces significantly inhibited the amount of tooth movement. Histological analysis showed marked disorganization of the collagen fibril structure of the periodontal ligament during tooth movement. Tooth movement caused a significant increase in osteoclast parameters on the compression side of alveolar bone and a significant decrease in bone volume fraction in the molar region compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS Tooth movement was significantly inhibited by application of cyclical forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zana Kalajzic
- a Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Craniofacial Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Conn
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Campos MJDS, de Albuquerque EG, Pinto BCH, Húngaro HM, Gravina MA, Fraga MR, Vitral RWF. The role of orthodontic tooth movement in bone and root mineral density: a study of patients submitted and not submitted to orthodontic treatment. Med Sci Monit 2013. [PMID: 23197239 PMCID: PMC3560800 DOI: 10.12659/msm.883604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Orthodontic force application to the teeth is responsible for a series of biological responses in the bone and dentin, which lead to some alterations of the mineral density of the tissues. Our objective was determine, through cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), the mineral density of the apical third of the roots of the upper central incisors and of the periapical bone portion surrounding these teeth, in patients submitted to orthodontic treated and untreated individuals. Material/Methods 30 untreated individuals and 15 treated ones (treatment cessation at least 1 year before the study) underwent CBCT. Mineral density was assessed in the apical third of the root of the upper central incisors and in the alveolar bone in the periapical region of these teeth. In order to reduce CBCT-related mineral density variability, we standardized the cone-beam tomography device, the image-acquisition settings and the field of view positioning and size. Student’s t test was used for the analyses. Results bone mineral density (BMD) and root mineral density (RMD), in Hounsfield Units, were 674.84 and 1282.26 for the untreated group and 630.28 and 1370.29 for the treated group, respectively. The differences between the group means were statistically significant for RMD (p<0.05). Conclusions untreated individuals had a significant lower mean RMD in comparison with those submitted to orthodontic treatment.
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LIN DANJAE, HUNG TZUNING, TSAI MINGTZU, HSU JUITING, HUANG HENGLI, YU JIANHONG. THE EFFECT OF CYCLIC STRETCHING SPEED ON THE FORCE DEGRADATION OF ORTHODONTIC ELASTIC BANDS. J MECH MED BIOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219519413500176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of the cyclic stretching speed on the force degradation of orthodontic elastics. Forty-five natural rubber bands (3M Unitek™) were stretched at different speeds in three groups: (1) static stretching test, (2) cyclic stretching test at a speed of 80 mm/min, and (3) cyclic stretching at a speed of 160 mm/min. A material tester and customized strain gauge were used to measure the residual force of the elastics in 37°C artificial saliva at different times. One-way repeated-measure analysis of variance followed by Scheffe's post-hoc comparison and t-test were used for statistical analysis. In Group 1, the force of the elastics degraded with time, with two separate phases being observed — distinctive degradation after 15 min and stabilization after 120 min. The cyclic stretching in Group 2 produced a significant deviation in the residual force and the initial force from the first minute, and stabilization after 300 min. After 1,440 min, 60% of the bands had snapped. Under accelerated stretching, no areas of relative stability were observed between the start of stretching to the start of breaking. After 1,440 high-speed stretches, 87% of the elastics in Group 3 snapped. These results indicate that the stretching speed affects the stability of the residual force of elastics. Cyclic stretching at high speed immediately induces a rapid degradation of the elastic's force and increases its probability of breakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- DAN-JAE LIN
- Department of Dental Hygiene, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - TZU-NING HUNG
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - MING-TZU TSAI
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - JUI-TING HSU
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - HENG-LI HUANG
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - JIAN-HONG YU
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Effects of orthodontic treatment on human alveolar bone density distribution. Clin Oral Investig 2012; 17:2033-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-012-0906-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Hsu JT, Chen YJ, Tsai MT, Lan HHC, Cheng FC, Chen MYC, Wang SP. Predicting cortical bone strength from DXA and dental cone-beam CT. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50008. [PMID: 23226234 PMCID: PMC3511426 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study compared the capabilities of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and dental cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) for predicting the cortical bone strength of rat femurs and tibias. MATERIALS AND METHODS Specimens of femurs and tibias obtained from 14 rats were first scanned with DXA to obtain the areal bone mineral density (BMD) of the midshaft cortical portion of the bones. The bones were then scanned using dental CBCT to measure the volumetric cortical bone mineral density (vCtBMD) and the cross-sectional moment of inertia (CSMI) for calculating the bone strength index (BSI). A three-point bending test was conducted to measure the fracture load of each femur and tibia. Bivariate linear Pearson analysis was used to calculate the correlation coefficients (r values) among the CBCT measurements, DXA measurements, and three-point bending parameters. RESULTS The correlation coefficients for the associations of the fracture load with areal BMD (measured using DXA), vCtBMD (measured using CBCT), CSMI (measured using CBCT), and BSI were 0.585 (p = 0.028) and 0.532 (p = 0.050) (for the femur and tibia, respectively), 0.638 (p = 0.014) and 0.762 (p = 0.002), 0.778 (p = 0.001) and 0.792 (p<0.001), and 0.822 (p<0.001) and 0.842 (p<0.001), respectively. CONCLUSIONS CBCT was found to be superior to DXA for predicting cortical bone fracture loads in rat femurs and tibias. The BSI, which is a combined index of densitometric and geometric parameters, was especially useful. Further clinical studies are needed to validate the predictive value of BSI obtained from CBCT and should include testing on human cadaver specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Ting Hsu
- School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ju Chen
- Stem Cell Center, Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tzu Tsai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Howard Haw-Chang Lan
- Department of Radiology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Radiological Technology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Chou Cheng
- Stem Cell Center, Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Michael Y. C. Chen
- School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Ping Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Comparative dosimetry of dental cone beam computed tomography, panoramic radiography, and multislice computed tomography. Oral Radiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11282-011-0078-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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