The evaluation of the effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on new bone formation obtained by distraction osteogenesis in terms of consolidation periods

Effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on human psychomotor performance: A review

Psychomotor performance is the coordination of a sensory or ideational (cognitive) process and a motor activity. All sensorimotor processes involved in planning and execution of voluntary movements need oxygen supply and seem to be significantly disrupted in states of hypoxia. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy has become a widely used treatment in routine medicine and sport medicine due to its beneficial effects on different aspects of human physiology and performance. This paper presents state-of-the-art data on the effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on different aspects of human psychomotor function. The therapy's influence on musculoskeletal properties and motor abilities as well as the effects of hyperbaric oxygenation on cognitive, myocardial and pulmonary functions are presented. In this review the molecular and physiological processes related to human psychomotor performance in response to hyperbaric oxygen are discussed to contribute to this fast-growing field of research in integrative medicine. Please cite this article as: Olex-Zarychta D. Effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on human psychomotor performance: A review. J Integr Med. 2023; 21(5): 430-440.

Overview of Physical and Pharmacological Therapy in Enhancing Bone Regeneration Formation During Distraction Osteogenesis

Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is a kind of bone regeneration technology. The principle is to incise the cortical bone and apply continuous and stable distraction force to the fractured end of the cortical bone, thereby promoting the proliferation of osteoblastic cells in the tension microenvironment and stimulating new bone formation. However, the long consolidation course of DO presumably lead to several complications such as infection, fracture, scar formation, delayed union and malunion. Therefore, it is of clinical significance to reduce the long treatment duration. The current treatment strategy to promote osteogenesis in DO includes gene, growth factor, stem-cell, physical and pharmacological therapies. Among these methods, pharmacological and physical therapies are considered as safe, economical, convenience and effective. Recently, several physical and pharmacological therapies have been demonstrated with a decent ability to enhance bone regeneration during DO. In this review, we have comprehensively summarized the latest evidence for physical (Photonic, Waves, Gas, Mechanical, Electrical and Electromagnetic stimulation) and pharmacological (Bisphosphonates, Hormone, Metal compounds, Biologics, Chinese medicine, etc) therapies in DO. These evidences will bring novel and significant information for the bone healing during DO in the future.

Synthesis and characterization of CaO-loaded electrospun matrices for bone tissue engineering

OBJECTIVES

This study aims to synthesize and characterize biodegradable polymer-based matrices loaded with CaO nanoparticles for osteomyelitis treatment and bone tissue engineering.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and PCL/gelatin (1:1, w/w) solutions containing CaO nanoparticles were electrospun into fibrous matrices. Scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy, Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), contact angle (CA), tensile testing, and antibacterial activity (agar diffusion assay) against Staphylococcus aureus were performed. Osteoprecursor cell (MC3T3-E1) response (i.e., viability and alkaline phosphatase expression/ALP) and infiltration into the matrices were evaluated.

RESULTS

CaO nanoparticles were successfully incorporated into the fibers, with the median fiber diameter decreasing after CaO incorporation. The CA decreased with the addition of CaO, and the presence of gelatin made the matrix very hydrophilic (CA = 0°). Increasing CaO concentrations progressively reduced the mechanical properties (p ≤ 0.030). CaO-loaded matrices did not display consistent antibacterial activity. MC3T3-E1 cell viability demonstrated the highest levels for CaO-loaded matrices containing gelatin after 7 days in culture. An increased ALP expression was consistently seen for PCL/CaO matrices when compared to PCL and gelatin-containing counterparts.

CONCLUSIONS

Despite inconsistent antibacterial activity, CaO nanoparticles can be effectively loaded into PCL or PCL/gelatin fibers without negatively affecting the overall performance of the matrices. More importantly, CaO incorporation enhanced cell viability as well as differentiation capacity, as demonstrated by an increased ALP expression.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

CaO-loaded electrospun matrices show potential for applications in bone tissue engineering.

Necessity of latency period in craniofacial distraction: Investigations with in vitro microdistractor and clinical outcomes

BACKGROUND

To determine the need for latency period in membranous bone distraction, we performed 1) in vitro comparison of preosteoblasts suspended in a 3D microdistraction model and 2) a clinical study comparing mandibular distraction cases with/without latency.

METHODS

In the In Vitro study, Preosteoblasts polymerized in 3D-collagen gel were placed in a microdistractor and separated into three groups: 1) distraction with latency, 2) distraction without latency, and 3) static. After 2, 4, 6, and 8 days, cell proliferation, total protein levels, alkaline phosphatase activity, and osteogenic gene expression were assessed through RT-PCR. In the clinical study, patients underwent mandibular distraction in two groups: 1) latency and 2) no latency (n = 45). The rest of the distraction protocol was identical. Outcome was based on clinical examination, radiographs at six months, and 3D CT scans.

RESULTS

In the In Vitro study, The distraction without latency group compared to the latency group had delays in: proliferation, total protein count, alkaline phosphatase activity, osteogenic gene expression in CBFA-1 (fourfold vs. eighteenfold), and in osteocalcin (twofold vs. sixfold). The distraction without latency group had higher apoptotic levels during the first four days compared to the latency group (68% vs. 14%). For the clinical study, similar perioperative complications (5% vs. 6%), X-ray mineralization (93% vs. 94%), bone volume, (8.6 vs. 9.1 cc) and bone density of central distraction zone (78% vs. 81%) were observed with or without latency.

CONCLUSIONS

In vitro studies showed poorer results in cell survival, proliferation and osteogenic activity compared to distraction with latency; yet, clinically, there were no differences in distraction with latency versus without.

Histomorphometric evaluation of the effect of systemic and topical ozone on alveolar bone healing following tooth extraction in rats

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of systemic and topical ozone applications on alveolar bone healing following tooth extraction. One hundred and twelve male Wistar rats were divided into eight groups of 14 rats each; seven groups were experimental (A-G) and one formed the control group (K). The experimental groups were further divided into two sub-groups, with seven rats in each - sacrificed on days 14 and 28 (subgroups 1 and 2). The maxillary right central incisors were extracted under general anaesthesia following the administration of local anaesthesia. After sacrifice, semi-serial histological sections were prepared, and mineralized and trabecular bone and osteoid and osteoblast surfaces were measured. Measurements of the trabecular bone showed statistically higher values in the groups treated with systemic ozone (D(2): 50.01 ± 2.12; E(2): 49.03 ± 3.03; F(2): 48.76 ± 2.61; G(2): 50.24 ± 3.37) than in the groups that underwent topical ozone administration (A(2): 46.01 ± 3.07; B(2): 46.79 ± 3.09; C(2): 47.07 ± 2.12; P = 0.030 (G(2)-A(2), G(2)-B(2), G(2)-C(2))). Within the limitations of the current study, it may be concluded that postoperative long-term systemic ozone application can accelerate alveolar bone healing following extraction. However, additional studies are required to clarify the effects of the different ozone applications on new bone formation.