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Yadav J, Kamboj M, Singh Gill P, Narwal A, Devi A, Sharma G, Kumar A. Assessment of salivary and serum leptin in tobacco smokers and oral squamous cell carcinoma-A case-control study. JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY, ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2024:102108. [PMID: 39362635 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2024.102108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 10/01/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common head and neck malignancy and tobacco-related cancers account for a significant portion of all oral cancers. Cancer patients often suffer from cachexia, which contributes significantly to mortality. Leptin is a protein released by adipocytes identified to play an important role in obesity and inflammation. The present study aimed to quantify and compare salivary and serum leptin in tobacco smokers and OSCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present prospective case-control study enrolled 42 subjects divided equally among OSCC and tobacco smokers without oral lesions (TS). Both saliva and blood were collected from each subject and leptin levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The data obtained were analysed using Mann Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis, Friedman, and Spearman correlation tests (p < 0.05). RESULTS A significant reduction in both salivary and serum leptin levels in OSCC was observed (p < 0.001, 0.002 respectively). In addition, significant reductions in weight and body mass index were also observed during follow-ups at 3, 6, and 9 months (p < 0.001 for both). CONCLUSIONS Reduced salivary and serum leptin levels in OSCC proved that it is an important diagnostic marker, with non-invasive saliva measurement being more patient-friendly. Future multicentric studies with higher samples in OSCC subgroups are warranted. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Leptin reduction in oral squamous cell carcinoma proved to be an important diagnostic marker. Non-invasive salivary techniques could be employed in mass screening programmes. The significant correlation between leptin and BMI also shed insight into the overall well-being of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagveer Yadav
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India
| | - Mala Kamboj
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India.
| | - Paramjeet Singh Gill
- Department of Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India
| | - Anjali Narwal
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India
| | - Anju Devi
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India
| | - Gitika Sharma
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India
| | - Adarsh Kumar
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, PGIMS Campus, Pt BD Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak 124001, India
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Abstract
Oral microbial dysbiosis contributes to the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Numerous studies have focused on variations in the oral bacterial microbiota of patients with OSCC. However, similar studies on fungal microbiota, another integral component of the oral microbiota, are scarce. Moreover, there is an evidence gap regarding the role that microecosystems play in different niches of the oral cavity at different stages of oral carcinogenesis. Here, we catalogued the microbial communities in the human oral cavity by profiling saliva, gingival plaque, and mucosal samples at different stages of oral carcinogenesis. We analyzed the oral bacteriome and mycobiome along the health-premalignancy-carcinoma sequence. Some species, including Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Acremonium exuviarum, and Aspergillus fumigatus, were enriched, whereas others, such as Streptococcus salivarius subsp. salivarius, Scapharca broughtonii, Mortierella echinula, and Morchella septimelata, were depleted in OSCC. These findings suggest that an array of signature species, including bacteria and fungi, are closely associated with oral carcinogenesis. OSCC-associated diversity differences, species distinction, and functional alterations were most remarkable in mucosal samples, not in gingival plaque or saliva samples, suggesting an urgent need to define oral carcinogenesis-associated microbial dysbiosis based on the spatial microbiome. IMPORTANCE Abundant oral microorganisms constitute a complex microecosystem within the oral environment of the host, which plays a critical role in the adjustment of various physiological and pathological states of the oral cavity. In this study, we demonstrated that variations in the "core microbiome" may be used to predict carcinogenesis. In addition, sample data collected from multiple oral sites along the health-premalignancy-carcinoma sequence increase our understanding of the microecosystems of different oral niches and their specific changes during oral carcinogenesis. This work provides insight into the roles of bacteria and fungi in OSCC and may contribute to the development of early diagnostic assays and novel treatments.
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Duffles LF, Hermont AP, Abreu LG, Pordeus IA, Silva TA. Association between obesity and adipokines levels in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Evid Based Med 2019; 12:313-324. [PMID: 31482694 DOI: 10.1111/jebm.12363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare adipokines' levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and saliva between individuals with obesity and individuals without obesity. METHODS Computerized searches were conducted in four electronic databases (PubMed, Medline via Ovid, Web of Science, and Scopus). Manual searches and a Google Scholar search, limiting the search to the first 100 hits, were also conducted. Two calibrated authors performed the study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment of included articles. The quality of the included articles was evaluated using the University of Adelaide Tool. RESULTS The electronic searches retrieved 929 titles/abstracts. Following the removal of duplicated references, 613 titles/abstracts were assessed. Thirty-four articles were included. Meta-analysis demonstrated that tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) concentration in saliva was statistically increased in individuals with obesity compared with individuals without obesity (P < 0.05). By contrast, the meta-analysis showed no difference in the concentrations of resistin, adiponectin, leptin, ghrelin, and interleukin 6 in saliva and of resistin, adiponectin, leptin, interleukin 6, interleukin 8, tumor necrosis factor α, and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 in GCF between individuals with and without obesity (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Individuals with obesity presented higher levels of TNF-α in saliva than individuals without obesity. TNF-α in saliva sampling may be a helpful marker for obesity. For the other adipokines, no difference was observed, but the limited availability and heterogeneity of data do not allow us to assertively state whether changes of adipokines in GCF and saliva are associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Fernanda Duffles
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Hermont
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lucas Guimarães Abreu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Isabela Almeida Pordeus
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Tarcília Aparecida Silva
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Wang K, Yu XH, Tang YJ, Tang YL, Liang XH. Obesity: An emerging driver of head and neck cancer. Life Sci 2019; 233:116687. [PMID: 31348948 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has become pandemic and emerged as one of the most critical global health care problems worldwide since last century. Recent studies have demonstrated that there may be a causal link between obesity and higher risks and mortality of cancers, including prostate, breast, colon, and thyroid cancers, head and neck cancer (HNC). This review focuses on the relationship between obesity and HNC, and the molecular mechanism of abnormal lipid metabolism in HNC. Elucidating the mechanism may open up new possibilities for strategies to reduce risk and mortality of HNC in an increasingly obese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiang-Hua Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ya-Jie Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
| | - Ya-Ling Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Oral Pathology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Xin-Hua Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Riju J, George NA. Factors Influencing Locoregional Recurrence and Disease-Free Survival in Buccal Mucosal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Indian J Surg 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12262-019-01894-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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Hung WC, Tsai CM, Lin CW, Chuang CY, Yang SF, Weng CJ. Leptin -2548 G/A polymorphisms are associated to clinical progression of oral cancer and sensitive to oral tumorization in nonsmoking population. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:15145-15156. [PMID: 31021458 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Oral cancer is causally associated with environmental carcinogens, and the susceptibility to carcinogen-mediated tumorigenesis is proposed to be genotype-dependent. Leptin (LEP) and leptin receptor (LEPR) both play a crucial role in the mediation of physiological reactions and carcinogenesis and may serve as a candidate biomarker of oral cancer. The current case-control study aimed to examine the effects of LEP -2548 G/A (rs7799039), LEPR K109R (rs1137100), and LEPR Q223R (rs1137101) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with or without interacting to environmental carcinogens on the risk for oral squamous cell carcinoma. The SNPs of three genetic allele, from 567 patients with oral cancer and 560 healthy controls in Taiwan were analyzed. The results shown that the patients with polymorphic allele of LEP -2548 have a significant low risk for the development of clinical stage (A/G: adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.670, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.454-0.988, P < 0.05; A/G + G/G: AOR = 0.676, 95% CI = 0.467-0.978, P < 0.05) compared to patients with ancestral homozygous A/A genotype. In addition, an interesting result was found that the impact of LEP -2548 G/A SNP on oral carcinogenesis in subjects without tobacco consumption is higher than subjects with tobacco consumption. These results suggest that the genetic polymorphism of LEP -2548 G/A (rs7799039), LEPR K109R (rs1137100), and LEPR Q223R (rs1137101) were not associated to the susceptibility of oral cancer; SNP in LEP -2548 G/A showed a poor clinicopathological development of oral cancer; population without tobacco consumption and with polymorphic LEP -2548 G/A gene may significantly increase the risk to have oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chen Hung
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Man Tsai
- Chest Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Wen Lin
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yi Chuang
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Otolaryngology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jui Weng
- Department of Living Services Industry, Tainan University of Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
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da Rocha RG, Santos EMS, Santos EM, Gomes ESB, Ramos GV, Aguiar KM, Gonçalves BR, Santos SHS, De Paula AMB, Guimarães ALS, Farias LC. Leptin impairs the therapeutic effect of ionizing radiation in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. J Oral Pathol Med 2018; 48:17-23. [PMID: 30290014 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Leptin, an important hormone controlling energy homeostasis, has been linked to the pathogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Evidence indicates that head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy show decreased leptin levels after radiotherapy treatment. Thus, we investigated, through phenotypic and molecular analyses, whether leptin can compromise the therapeutic effect of ionizing radiation and neoplastic behavior of OSCC cells. METHODS The human OSCC-derived cell lines SCC9 and SCC4 were treated with human recombinant leptin and exposed to 6 Gy of irradiation. We performed the in vitro assays of cell migration, death, proliferation, and colony-forming ability. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and proteome analysis by mass spectrometry were also conducted. RESULTS Leptin was able to increase cell proliferation, migration, and colony-forming ability, despite the suppressive effect induced by irradiation. Furthermore, the leptin promoted a significant reduction of ROS intracellular accumulation, and increased expression of the cancer-related proteins, as ACTC1, KRT6A, and EEF2 in irradiated OSCC cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that leptin impairs responsivity of OSCC cells to the ionizing radiation, reducing the suppressive effects of irradiation on the neoplastic phenotype, and increasing protein expression critical to carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogério Gonçalves da Rocha
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eliane Macedo Sobrinho Santos
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais - Campus Araçuaí, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eloá Mangabeira Santos
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Emisael Stênio Batista Gomes
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Veloso Ramos
- Department of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Karina Marini Aguiar
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Sérgio Henrique Sousa Santos
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Food Engineering College, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alfredo Maurício Batista De Paula
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Department of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Sena Guimarães
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Department of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lucyana Conceição Farias
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Department of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Gallic acid modulates phenotypic behavior and gene expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells by interfering with leptin pathway. Pathol Res Pract 2017; 214:30-37. [PMID: 29254802 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2017.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Gallic acid is a polyphenolic compost appointed to interfere with neoplastic cells behavior. Evidence suggests an important role of leptin in carcinogenesis pathways, inducing a proliferative phenotype. We investigated the potential of gallic acid to modulate leptin-induced cell proliferation and migration of oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. The gallic acid effect on leptin secretion by oral squamous cell carcinoma cells, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms, was also assessed. For this, we performed proliferation, migration, immunocytochemical and qPCR assays. The expression levels of cell migration-related genes (MMP2, MMP9, Col1A1, and E-cadherin), angiogenesis (HIF-1α, mir210), leptin signaling (LepR, p44/42 MAPK), apoptosis (casp-3), and secreted leptin levels by oral squamous cell carcinoma cells were also measured. Gallic acid decreased proliferation and migration of leptin-treated oral squamous cell carcinoma cells, and reduced mRNA expression of MMP2, MMP9, Col1A1, mir210, but did not change HIF-1α. Gallic acid decreased levels of leptin secreted by oral squamous cell carcinoma cells, accordingly with downregulation of p44/42 MAPK expression. Thus, gallic acid appears to break down neoplastic phenotype of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells by interfering with leptin pathway.
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Sobrinho Santos EM, Guimarães TA, Santos HO, Cangussu LMB, de Jesus SF, Fraga CADC, Cardoso CM, Santos SHS, de Paula AMB, Gomez RS, Guimarães ALS, Farias LC. Leptin acts on neoplastic behavior and expression levels of genes related to hypoxia, angiogenesis, and invasiveness in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317699130. [PMID: 28459203 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317699130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin, one of the main hormones controlling energy homeostasis, has been associated with different cancer types. In oral cancer, its effect is not well understood. We investigated, through in vitro and in vivo assays, whether leptin can affect the neoplastic behavior of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Expression of genes possibly linked to the leptin pathway was assessed in leptin-treated oral squamous cell carcinoma cells and also in tissue samples of oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral mucosa, including leptin, leptin receptor, hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha, E-cadherin, matrix metalloproteinase-2, matrix metalloproteinase-9, Col1A1, Ki67, and mir-210. Leptin treatment favored higher rates of cell proliferation and migration, and reduced apoptosis. Accordingly, leptin-treated oral squamous cell carcinoma cells show decreased messenger RNA caspase-3 expression, and increased levels of E-cadherin, Col1A1, matrix metalloproteinase-2, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and mir-210. In tissue samples, hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha messenger RNA and protein expression of leptin and leptin receptor were high in oral squamous cell carcinoma cases. Serum leptin levels were increased in first clinical stages of the disease. In animal model, oral squamous cell carcinoma-induced mice show higher leptin receptor expression, and serum leptin level was increased in dysplasia group. Our findings suggest that leptin seems to exert an effect on oral squamous cell carcinoma cells behavior and also on molecular markers related to cell proliferation, migration, and tumor angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane Macedo Sobrinho Santos
- 1 Department of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Brazil.,2 Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais-Campus Araçuaí, Montes Claros, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sérgio Henrique Souza Santos
- 4 Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Food Engineering College, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Santiago Gomez
- 5 Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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