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Fawzy El-Sayed KM, Rudert A, Geiken A, Tölle J, Mekhemar M, Dörfer CE. Toll-like receptor expression profile of stem/progenitor cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth. Int J Paediatr Dent 2023; 33:607-614. [PMID: 37158295 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.13080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stem/progenitor cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) show remarkable pluripotent, regenerative, and immunological capacities. During in vivo regenerative processes, there could be the presence of SHED in the surrounding inflammatory microenvironment, through toll-like receptors (TLRs). AIM The aim of this paper was to present a characteristic TLR expression profile on SHED for the first time. DESIGN Cells were harvested from extracted primary teeth (n = 10), anti-STRO-1 immunomagnetically sorted and cultivated, through colony-forming units (CFUs). SHED were examined for mesenchymal stem/progenitor cell traits, including the expression of clusters of differentiation (CDs) 14, 34, 45, 73, 90, 105, and 146, and their multilineage differentiation aptitude. TLRs 1-10 expression was investigated for SHED in uninflamed and inflamed (25 ng/mL IL-1β, 103 U/mL IFN-γ, 50 ng/mL TNF-α, and 3 × 103 U/mL IFN-α; SHED-i) microenvironmental conditions. RESULTS SHED were negative for CDs 14, 34, and 45, but were positive for CDs 73, 90, 105, and 146, and demonstrated characteristic multilineage differentiation. In an uninflamed microenvironment, SHED expressed TLRs 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, and 10. The inflammatory microenvironment downregulated TLR7 significantly on gene level and upregulated TLR8 on gene and protein levels (p < .05; Wilcoxon signed-rank test). CONCLUSION There appears to be a unique TLR expression profile on SHED, which could modulate their immunological and regenerative abilities in oral tissue engineering approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim M Fawzy El-Sayed
- Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology Department, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
- Oral Medicine and Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Antonia Rudert
- Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology Department, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Antje Geiken
- Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology Department, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Johannes Tölle
- Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology Department, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Mohamed Mekhemar
- Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology Department, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christof E Dörfer
- Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology Department, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
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Lee DM, Lee SH, Hong TH, Lee JC, Nam H, Joo KM. Effects of ethanol washing and storage duration on primary culture of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2023; 13:598-603. [PMID: 37576800 PMCID: PMC10415792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Since the oral environment harbors various microorganisms, the removal of contaminants during the primary culture process of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) is very important. We investigated optimal methods for primary culture of SHEDs with minimal contamination rates. Materials and methods Three different storage conditions for deciduous teeth were utilized:1) storing teeth in Hank's Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) with 3% penicillin and streptomycin (P/S), 2) storing teeth in HBSS with 3% antibiotics and antimycotics (A-A), and 3) storing teeth in HBSS with A-A, and additional washing with 70% ethanol just before primary culture of dental pulp. In addition, the storage time from the extraction of teeth to the primary culture was measured. Results The contamination rates were about 70% for HBSS with P/S, 40% for HBSS with A-A, and less than 10% for HBSS with A-A and additional washing with 70% ethanol. When the primary culture was conducted within 12 h after teeth extraction, the contamination rate was the lowest in all conditions. Furthermore, when the teeth were delivered in HBSS with A-A and an additional 70% ethanol washing was performed, the contamination rate was 0% until 48 h after teeth extraction. Ethanol washing had little effect on the cellular characteristics and stemness of SHEDs, including their morphology, growth rate, expression of surface markers, and differentiation potential. Conclusions We suggested that both delivering teeth in HBSS with A-A and additional 70% ethanol washing are critical considerations for the successful culture of SHEDs without contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Du-man Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
- Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Sun Haeng Lee
- Department of Preventive Dentistry & Public Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
- Children's Dental Center, Seoul, 06072, South Korea
- DUDA Inc., Seoul, 06072, South Korea
| | - Tae Hee Hong
- Medical Innovation Technology Inc. (MEDINNO Inc.), Seoul, 08513, South Korea
| | - Jae Cheoun Lee
- Children's Dental Center, Seoul, 06072, South Korea
- DUDA Inc., Seoul, 06072, South Korea
| | - Hyun Nam
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
- Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
- Medical Innovation Technology Inc. (MEDINNO Inc.), Seoul, 08513, South Korea
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Kyeung Min Joo
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
- Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
- Medical Innovation Technology Inc. (MEDINNO Inc.), Seoul, 08513, South Korea
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
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Cabaña-Muñoz ME, Pelaz Fernández MJ, Parmigiani-Cabaña JM, Parmigiani-Izquierdo JM, Merino JJ. Adult Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Oral Cavity and Surrounding Areas: Types and Biomedical Applications. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2109. [PMID: 37631323 PMCID: PMC10459416 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult mesenchymal stem cells are those obtained from the conformation of dental structures (DMSC), such as deciduous and permanent teeth and other surrounding tissues. Background: The self-renewal and differentiation capacities of these adult stem cells allow for great clinical potential. Because DMSC are cells of ectomesenchymal origin, they reveal a high capacity for complete regeneration of dental pulp, periodontal tissue, and other biomedical applications; their differentiation into other types of cells promotes repair in muscle tissue, cardiac, pancreatic, nervous, bone, cartilage, skin, and corneal tissues, among others, with a high predictability of success. Therefore, stem and progenitor cells, with their exosomes of dental origin and surrounding areas in the oral cavity due to their plasticity, are considered a fundamental pillar in medicine and regenerative dentistry. Tissue engineering (MSCs, scaffolds, and bioactive molecules) sustains and induces its multipotent and immunomodulatory effects. It is of vital importance to guarantee the safety and efficacy of the procedures designed for patients, and for this purpose, more clinical trials are needed to increase the efficacy of several pathologies. Conclusion: From a bioethical and transcendental anthropological point of view, the human person as a unique being facilitates better clinical and personalized therapy, given the higher prevalence of dental and chronic systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Eugenia Cabaña-Muñoz
- CIROM—Centro de Rehabilitación Oral Multidisciplinaria, 30001 Murcia, Spain; (M.E.C.-M.); (J.M.P.-C.); (J.M.P.-I.)
| | | | - José María Parmigiani-Cabaña
- CIROM—Centro de Rehabilitación Oral Multidisciplinaria, 30001 Murcia, Spain; (M.E.C.-M.); (J.M.P.-C.); (J.M.P.-I.)
| | | | - José Joaquín Merino
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacognosia y Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (U.C.M), 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Alarcón-Apablaza J, Prieto R, Rojas M, Fuentes R. Potential of Oral Cavity Stem Cells for Bone Regeneration: A Scoping Review. Cells 2023; 12:1392. [PMID: 37408226 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone loss is a common problem that ranges from small defects to large defects after trauma, surgery, or congenital malformations. The oral cavity is a rich source of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Researchers have documented their isolation and studied their osteogenic potential. Therefore, the objective of this review was to analyze and compare the potential of MSCs from the oral cavity for use in bone regeneration. METHODS A scoping review was carried out following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. The databases reviewed were PubMed, SCOPUS, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), and Web of Science. Studies using stem cells from the oral cavity to promote bone regeneration were included. RESULTS A total of 726 studies were found, of which 27 were selected. The MSCs used to repair bone defects were (I) dental pulp stem cells of permanent teeth, (II) stem cells derived from inflamed dental pulp, (III) stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth, (IV) periodontal ligament stem cells, (V) cultured autogenous periosteal cells, (VI) buccal fat pad-derived cells, and (VII) autologous bone-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Stem cells associate with scaffolds to facilitate insertion into the bone defect and to enhance bone regeneration. The biological risk and morbidity of the MSC-grafted site were minimal. Successful bone formation after MSC grafting has been shown for small defects with stem cells from the periodontal ligament and dental pulp as well as larger defects with stem cells from the periosteum, bone, and buccal fat pad. CONCLUSIONS Stem cells of maxillofacial origin are a promising alternative to treat small and large craniofacial bone defects; however, an additional scaffold complement is required for stem cell delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefa Alarcón-Apablaza
- Research Centre in Dental Sciences (CICO-UFRO), Dental School, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
- Doctoral Program in Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Ruth Prieto
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Mariana Rojas
- Comparative Embryology Laboratory, Program of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Ramón Fuentes
- Research Centre in Dental Sciences (CICO-UFRO), Dental School, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
- Department of Integral Adults Dentistry, Dental School, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
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Mahdavi-Jouibari F, Parseh B, Kazeminejad E, Khosravi A. Hopes and opportunities of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) in cartilage tissue regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1021024. [PMID: 36860887 PMCID: PMC9968979 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1021024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cartilage lesions are common conditions, affecting elderly and non-athletic populations. Despite recent advances, cartilage regeneration remains a major challenge today. The absence of an inflammatory response following damage and the inability of stem cells to penetrate into the healing site due to the absence of blood and lymph vessels are assumed to hinder joint repair. Stem cell-based regeneration and tissue engineering have opened new horizons for treatment. With advances in biological sciences, especially stem cell research, the function of various growth factors in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation has been established. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from different tissues have been shown to increase into therapeutically relevant cell numbers and differentiate into mature chondrocytes. As MSCs can differentiate and become engrafted inside the host, they are considered suitable candidates for cartilage regeneration. Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) provide a novel and non-invasive source of MSCs. Due to their simple isolation, chondrogenic differentiation potential, and minimal immunogenicity, they can be an interesting option for cartilage regeneration. Recent studies have reported that SHED-derived secretome contains biomolecules and compounds that efficiently promote regeneration in damaged tissues, including cartilage. Overall, this review highlighted the advances and challenges of cartilage regeneration using stem cell-based therapies by focusing on SHED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Mahdavi-Jouibari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Technologies, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Benyamin Parseh
- Stem Cell Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran,Faculty of Advanced Medical Technologies, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Ezatolah Kazeminejad
- Stem Cell Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran,Dental Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran,*Correspondence: Ezatolah Kazeminejad, Dr. ; Ayyoob Khosravi,
| | - Ayyoob Khosravi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Technologies, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran,*Correspondence: Ezatolah Kazeminejad, Dr. ; Ayyoob Khosravi,
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Algorta A, Artigas R, Rial A, Brandl S, Rodellar C, Benavides U, Maisonnave J, Yaneselli K. Isolation and characterization of feline dental pulp stem cells. J Feline Med Surg 2023; 25:1098612X221150625. [PMID: 36745130 PMCID: PMC10812064 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x221150625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to isolate feline dental pulp stem cells (fDPSCs) and characterize their clonogenic and proliferative abilities, as well as their multipotency, immunophenotype and cytogenetic stability. METHODS Dental pulp was isolated by explant culture from two cats <1 year old at post mortem. Their clonogenicity was characterized using a colony-forming unit fibroblast assay, and their proliferative ability was quantified with a doubling time assay in passages 2, 4 and 6 (P2, P4 and P6, respectively). Multipotency was characterized with an in vitro trilineage differentiation assay in P2, and cells were immunophenotyped in P4 by flow cytometry. Chromosomic stability was evaluated by cytogenetic analysis in P2, P4 and P6. RESULTS The fDPSCs displayed spindle and epithelial-like morphologies. Isolated cells showed a marked clonogenic capacity and doubling time was maintained from P2 to P6. Trilineage differentiation was obtained in one sample, while the other showed osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation. Immunophenotypic analysis showed fDPSCs were CD45-, CD90+ and CD44+. Structural and numerical cytogenetic aberrations were observed in P2-P4. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this study, fDPSCs from two cats were isolated by explant culture and immunophenotyped. Cells displayed clonogenic and proliferative ability, and multipotency in vitro, and signs of chromosomic instability were observed. Although a larger study is needed to confirm these results, this is the first report of fDPSC isolation and in vitro characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustina Algorta
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, Department of Patobiology, Veterinary Faculty, University of the Republic (UdelaR), Montevideo, Uruguay
- Odontostomatology Service, Veterinary Hospital Clinical Department, Veterinary Faculty, University of the Republic (UdelaR), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rody Artigas
- Animal Genetics and Improvement Unit, Department of Animal Production and Health Production Systems, Veterinary Faculty, University of the Republic (UdelaR), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Analía Rial
- Department of Biotechnology Development, Hygiene Institute, Medical Faculty, University of the Republic (UdelaR), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Scott Brandl
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Pathobiology, Veterinary Faculty, University of the Republic (UdelaR), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Clementina Rodellar
- LAGENBIO, Veterinary Faculty, Food and Agriculture Institute of Aragón-IA2, University of Zaragoza-CITA, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Uruguaysito Benavides
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, Department of Patobiology, Veterinary Faculty, University of the Republic (UdelaR), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Jacqueline Maisonnave
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, Department of Patobiology, Veterinary Faculty, University of the Republic (UdelaR), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Kevin Yaneselli
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, Department of Patobiology, Veterinary Faculty, University of the Republic (UdelaR), Montevideo, Uruguay
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Mohammed EEA, Beherei HH, El-Zawahry M, Farrag ARH, Kholoussi N, Helwa I, Mabrouk M, Abdel Aleem AK. Osteogenic enhancement of modular ceramic nanocomposites impregnated with human dental pulp stem cells: an approach for bone repair and regenerative medicine. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2022; 20:123. [PMID: 35976537 PMCID: PMC9385929 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-022-00387-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background/aim Human dental pulp-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hDP-MSCs) are a promising source of progenitor cells for bone tissue engineering. Nanocomposites made of calcium phosphate especially hydroxyapatite (HA) offer an impressive solution for orthopedic and dental implants. The combination of hDP-MSCs and ceramic nanocomposites has a promising therapeutic potential in regenerative medicine. Despite the calcium phosphate hydroxyapatite (HA)-based nanocomposites offer a good solution for orthopedic and dental implants, the heavy load-bearing clinical applications require higher mechanical strength, which is not of the HA’ properties that have low mechanical strength. Herein, the outcomes of using fabricated ceramic nanocomposites of hydroxyapatite/titania/calcium silicate mixed at different ratios (C1, C2, and C3) and impregnated with hDP-MSCs both in in vitro cultures and rabbit model of induced tibial bone defect were investigated. Our aim is to find out a new approach that would largely enhance the osteogenic differentiation of hDP-MSCs and has a therapeutic potential in bone regeneration. Subjects and methods Human DP-MSCs were isolated from the dental pulp of the third molar and cultured in vitro. Alizarin Red staining was performed at different time points to assess the osteogenic differentiation. Flow cytometer was used to quantify the expression of hDP-MSCs unique surface markers. Rabbits were used as animal models to evaluate the therapeutic potential of osteogenically differentiated hDP-MSCs impregnated with ceramic nanocomposites of hydroxyapatite/tatiana/calcium silicate (C1, C2, and C3). Histopathological examination and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed to evaluate bone healing potential in the rabbit induced tibial defects three weeks post-transplantation. Results The hDP-MSCs showed high proliferative and osteogenic potential in vitro culture. Their osteogenic differentiation was accelerated by the ceramic nanocomposites’ scaffold and revealed bone defect’s healing in transplanted rabbit groups compared to control groups. Histopathological and SEM analysis of the transplanted hDP-MSCs/ceramic nanocomposites showed the formation of new bone filling in the defect area 3 weeks post-implantation. Accelerate osseointegration and enhancement of the bone-bonding ability of the prepared nanocomposites were also confirmed by SEM. Conclusions The results strongly suggested that ceramic nanocomposites of hydroxyapatite/ titania /calcium silicate (C1, C2, and C3) associated with hDP-MSCs have a therapeutic potential in bone healing in a rabbit model. Hence, the combined osteogenic system presented here is recommended for application in bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman E A Mohammed
- Medical Molecular Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt. .,Refractoriness, Ceramics and Building Materials Department, Inorganic Chemical Industries and Mineral Resources Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Hanan H Beherei
- Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics Department, Oral and Dental Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Zawahry
- Pathology Department, Medicine and Clinical Studies Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdel Razik H Farrag
- Stem Cell Research Group, Medical Research Center of Excellence, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Naglaa Kholoussi
- Immunogenetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Iman Helwa
- Immunogenetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Mabrouk
- Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics Department, Oral and Dental Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alice K Abdel Aleem
- Medical Molecular Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.,Refractoriness, Ceramics and Building Materials Department, Inorganic Chemical Industries and Mineral Resources Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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Liu P, Qin L, Liu C, Mi J, Zhang Q, Wang S, Zhuang D, Xu Q, Chen W, Guo J, Wu X. Exosomes Derived From Hypoxia-Conditioned Stem Cells of Human Deciduous Exfoliated Teeth Enhance Angiogenesis via the Transfer of let-7f-5p and miR-210-3p. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:879877. [PMID: 35557954 PMCID: PMC9086315 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.879877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Physiological root resorption of deciduous teeth is a normal phenomenon. How the angiogenesis process is regulated to provide adequate levels of oxygen and nutrients in hypoxic conditions when the dental pulp tissue is reduced at the stage of root resorption is not fully understood. In this study, we designed hypoxic preconditioning (2%) to mimic the physiological conditions. We isolated exosomes from hypoxic-preconditioned SHED (Hypo-exos) cells and from normally cultured SHED cells (Norm-exos). We found that treatment with Hypo-exos significantly enhanced the growth, migration and tube formation of endothelial cells in vitro compared with Norm-exos. We also performed matrigel plug assays in vivo and higher expression of VEGF and higher number of lumenal structures that stained positive for CD31 were found in the Hypo-exos treated group. To understand the potential molecular mechanism responsible for the positive effects of Hypo-exos, we performed exosomal miRNA sequencing and validated that Hypo-exos transferred both let-7f-5p and miR-210-3p to promote the tube formation of endothelial cells. Further study revealed that those two miRNAs regulate angiogenesis via the let-7f-5p/AGO1/VEGF and/or miR-210-3p/ephrinA3 signal pathways. Finally, we found that the increased release of exosomes regulated by hypoxia treatment may be related to Rab27a. Taking these data together, the present study demonstrates that exosomes derived from hypoxic-preconditioned SHED cells promote angiogenesis by transferring let-7f-5p and miR-210-3p, which suggests that they can potentially be developed as a novel therapeutic approach for pro-angiogenic therapy in tissue regeneration engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Liu
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
- Department of Pediatrics Dentistry, Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Lihong Qin
- Department of Stomatology, Weihai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weihai, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Jun Mi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Shuangshuang Wang
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Dexuan Zhuang
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Qiuping Xu
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Wenqian Chen
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
- Engineering Laboratory for Biomaterials and Tissue Regeneration, Ningbo Stomatology Hospital, Ningbo, China
- Savaid Stomatology School, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xunwei Wu, ; Jing Guo,
| | - Xunwei Wu
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
- Engineering Laboratory for Biomaterials and Tissue Regeneration, Ningbo Stomatology Hospital, Ningbo, China
- Savaid Stomatology School, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xunwei Wu, ; Jing Guo,
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Liu P, Zhang Q, Mi J, Wang S, Xu Q, Zhuang D, Chen W, Liu C, Zhang L, Guo J, Wu X. Exosomes derived from stem cells of human deciduous exfoliated teeth inhibit angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro via the transfer of miR-100-5p and miR-1246. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:89. [PMID: 35241153 PMCID: PMC8895508 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02764-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anti-angiogenic therapy has been shown to be a promising strategy for anti-tumor treatment. Increasing evidence indicates that tumor angiogenesis is affected by exosomes that are secreted by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), but whether exosomes derived from MSCs suppress or promote angiogenesis remain paradoxical. The purpose of this study focused on understanding the potential role of exosomes derived from stem cells of human deciduous exfoliated teeth (SHED-Exos) in regulating angiogenesis and the underlying molecular mechanism. Methods Exosomes were isolated from supernatants of SHED cells using an exosome purification kit and were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis and western blot analysis. Cell Counting Kit-8, flow cytometric assays, western blots, wound healing and transwell migration assays were performed to characterize the roles of SHED-Exos on cell proliferation, apoptosis and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The anti-angiogenic activity of SHED-Exos was assessed via a tube formation assay of endothelial cells and angiogenesis-related factors were analyzed by western blotting. In vivo, we used the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay and an oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) xenograft transplantation model with nude mice that received multi-point injections at three-day intervals to evaluate the effects on angiogenesis. Furthermore, the sequencing of microRNAs (miRNAs) in SHED-Exos was performed to investigate the underlying anti-angiogenic mechanism. Results The results showed that SHED-Exos inhibit cell proliferation and migration and induce apoptosis in HUVECs. SHED-Exos suppress the tube-like structure formation of HUVECs in vitro. SHED-Exos downregulate several angiogenesis-related factors, including VEGFA, MMP-9 and ANGPT1. In vivo, the chick CAM assay verified that treatment with SHED-Exos inhibits micro-vascular formation, and importantly, significantly reduces the micro-vascular formation of tumors generated from xenografted OSCC cells, which was associated with the inhibition of tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, our data suggested that SHED-Exos are enriched with miR-100-5p and miR-1246 and are transferred to endothelial cells, which results in decreased tube formation via the down-regulation of VEGFA expression. Conclusions These results demonstrate that SHED-Exos inhibit angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo, which suggests that SHED-Exos could potentially serve as a novel and effective therapeutic approach for anti-angiogenic treatment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-02764-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Liu
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Pediatrics Dentistry and Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jun Mi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shuangshuang Wang
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qiuping Xu
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Savaid Stomatology School of Hangzhou Medical College, Ningbo Stomatology Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Dexuan Zhuang
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenqian Chen
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Savaid Stomatology School of Hangzhou Medical College, Ningbo Stomatology Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Savaid Stomatology School of Hangzhou Medical College, Ningbo Stomatology Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Liwei Zhang
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Savaid Stomatology School of Hangzhou Medical College, Ningbo Stomatology Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, Shandong, China. .,Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, Shandong, China. .,Savaid Stomatology School of Hangzhou Medical College, Ningbo Stomatology Hospital, Ningbo, China.
| | - Xunwei Wu
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, Shandong, China. .,Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Savaid Stomatology School of Hangzhou Medical College, Ningbo Stomatology Hospital, Ningbo, China.
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10
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Pozzobon LG, Sperling LE, Teixeira CE, Malysz T, Pranke P. Development of a conduit of PLGA-gelatin aligned nanofibers produced by electrospinning for peripheral nerve regeneration. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 348:109621. [PMID: 34450165 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A promising alternative to conventional nerve grafting is the use of artificial grafts made from biodegradable and biocompatible materials and support cells. The aim of this study has been to produce a biodegradable nerve conduit and investigate the cytocompatibility with stem cells and its regeneration promoting properties in a rat animal model. A poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) conduit of aligned nanofibers was produced by the electrospinning method, functionalized with gelatin and seeded either with mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) or with human mesenchymal stem cells (SHED). The cell proliferation and viability were analyzed in vitro. The conduits were implanted in a rat model of sciatic nerve lesion by transection. The functional recovery was monitored for 8 weeks using the Sciatic Functional Index (SFI) and histological analyses were used to assess the nerve regeneration. Scaffolds of aligned PLGA fibers with an average diameter of 0.90 ± 0.36 μm and an alignment coefficient of 0.817 ± 0.07 were produced. The treatment with gelatin increased the fiber diameter to 1.05 ± 0.32 μm, reduced the alignment coefficient to 0.655 ± 0.045 and made the scaffold very hydrophilic. The cell viability and Live/dead assay showed that the stem cells remained viable and proliferated after 7 days in culture. Confocal images of phalloidin/DAPI staining showed that the cells adhered and proliferated widely, in fully adaptation with the biomaterial. The SFI values of the group that received the conduit were similar to the values of the control lesioned group. In conclusion, conduits composed of PLGA-gelatin nanofibers were produced and promoted a very good interaction with the stem cells. Although in vitro studies have shown this biomaterial to be a promising biomaterial for the regeneration of nerve tissue, in vivo studies of this graft have not shown significant improvements in nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gonçalves Pozzobon
- Hematology and Stem Cell Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Av. Ipiranga 2752, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Stem Cell Laboratory, Fundamental Health Science Institute, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Laura Elena Sperling
- Hematology and Stem Cell Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Av. Ipiranga 2752, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Stem Cell Laboratory, Fundamental Health Science Institute, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristian E Teixeira
- Hematology and Stem Cell Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Av. Ipiranga 2752, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Stem Cell Laboratory, Fundamental Health Science Institute, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tais Malysz
- Instituto de Ciências básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Patricia Pranke
- Hematology and Stem Cell Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Av. Ipiranga 2752, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Stem Cell Laboratory, Fundamental Health Science Institute, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto de Pesquisa com Células-tronco, IPCT, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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11
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Influence of Dental Pulp Harvesting Method on the Viability and Differentiation Capacity of Adult Dental Pulp-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:9952401. [PMID: 34239574 PMCID: PMC8238610 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9952401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To compare two pulp harvesting methods for stem cell expansion, namely, conservative pulpotomy and pulpectomy from exodontia. Method Ten freshly extracted sound third molars from five patients were selected. Five were used in the control group, where pulp harvesting was performed by exodontia and the remaining teeth were used in the test group, where the pulp was harvested by conservative pulpotomy (preserving the tooth). This was a split-mouth design study, where a third molar from one side was randomly allocated into the test group and the contralateral tooth in the control group. After pulp harvesting, the following evaluations were performed: cell morphology, sterility test, immunophenotyping, differentiation assays, first pass live cell counts, time to cryopreservation, and total number of expanded cells at the end of the fourth pass. Results Regarding morphology, the cells from both groups presented a fibroblastic phenotype. All samples were sterile. Immunophenotyping demonstrated a positive expression for CD105, CD90, and CD73 and negative expression for CD45 in both groups. Differentiation assays were positive for osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation in both groups. Regarding live cell counts in the first passage, the control group had 95.8% live cells in the total count and the test group 91.2% (p < 0.05). The time required for cryopreservation was equivalent in both groups 51.6 days and 52.6 days, respectively (p > 0.05). The total number of cells at the end of the fourth passage was 5,286,782 and 5,736,862, respectively (p > 0.05). Conclusion These results suggest that adult stem cell harvesting from conservative pulpotomy is as effective as the traditional exodontia-based method.
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12
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Shoushrah SH, Transfeld JL, Tonk CH, Büchner D, Witzleben S, Sieber MA, Schulze M, Tobiasch E. Sinking Our Teeth in Getting Dental Stem Cells to Clinics for Bone Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6387. [PMID: 34203719 PMCID: PMC8232184 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental stem cells have been isolated from the medical waste of various dental tissues. They have been characterized by numerous markers, which are evaluated herein and differentiated into multiple cell types. They can also be used to generate cell lines and iPSCs for long-term in vitro research. Methods for utilizing these stem cells including cellular systems such as organoids or cell sheets, cell-free systems such as exosomes, and scaffold-based approaches with and without drug release concepts are reported in this review and presented with new pictures for clarification. These in vitro applications can be deployed in disease modeling and subsequent pharmaceutical research and also pave the way for tissue regeneration. The main focus herein is on the potential of dental stem cells for hard tissue regeneration, especially bone, by evaluating their potential for osteogenesis and angiogenesis, and the regulation of these two processes by growth factors and environmental stimulators. Current in vitro and in vivo publications show numerous benefits of using dental stem cells for research purposes and hard tissue regeneration. However, only a few clinical trials currently exist. The goal of this review is to pinpoint this imbalance and encourage scientists to pick up this research and proceed one step further to translation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Edda Tobiasch
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig- Strasse. 20, 53359 Rheinbach, Germany; (S.H.S.); (J.L.T.); (C.H.T.); (D.B.); (S.W.); (M.A.S.); (M.S.)
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13
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Dental Mesenchymal Stem/Progenitor Cells: A New Prospect in Regenerative Medicine. Stem Cells 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-77052-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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Couto de Carvalho LA, Tosta Dos Santos SL, Sacramento LV, de Almeida VR, de Aquino Xavier FC, Dos Santos JN, Gomes Henriques Leitão ÁC. Mesenchymal stem cell markers in periodontal tissues and periapical lesions. Acta Histochem 2020; 122:151636. [PMID: 33132168 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2020.151636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are characterized by the potential to differentiate into multiple cell lineages, high proliferation rates, and self-renewal capacity, in addition to the ability to maintain their undifferentiated state. These cells have been identified in physiological oral tissues such as pulp tissue, dental follicle, apical papilla and periodontal ligament, as well as in pathological situations such as chronic periapical lesions (CPLs). The criteria used for the identification of MSCs include the positive expression of specific surface antigens, with CD73, CD90, CD105, CD44, CD146, STRO-1, CD166, NANOG and OCT4 being the most specific for these cells. AIM The aim of this review was to explore the literature on markers able to identify MSCs as well as the presence of these cells in the healthy periodontal ligament and CPLs, highlighting their role in regenerative medicine and implications in the progression of these lesions. METHODS Narrative literature review searching the PubMed and Medline databases. Articles published in English between 1974 and 2020 were retrieved. CONCLUSION The included studies confirmed the presence of MSCs in the healthy periodontal ligament and in CPLs. Several surface markers are used for the characterization of these cells which, although not specific, are effective in cell recognition. Mesenchymal stem cells participate in tissue repair, exerting anti- inflammatory, immunosuppressive and proangiogenic effects, and are therefore involved in the progression and attenuation of CPLs or even in the persistence of these lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jean Nunes Dos Santos
- Postgraduation Program in Dentistry and Health, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
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15
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Potential Therapeutic Effects of Exosomes in Regenerative Endodontics. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 120:104946. [PMID: 33129129 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review aims to describe the basic characteristics of exosomes, and summarize their possible source and potential biological effects in pulp regeneration, providing new insights into the therapeutic role of exosomes for regenerative endodontics in the future. DESIGN A comprehensive review of scientific literature related to exosomes potentially used for pulp regeneration was conducted. RESULTS Dental mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play an important role in dental pulp regeneration. MSC-derived exosomes, as important biotransmitters in intercellular communication, have been shown to replicate the therapeutic effects of their parental cells. These exosomes have better stability, lower immunogenicity, higher safety and clinical efficiency, making it possible to apply them in pulp regeneration. Existing research suggests that exosomes could trigger the regeneration of dentin/pulp-like tissue in vivo, which may attribute to their role in promoting pulp angiogenesis, regulating dental cell proliferation, migration and differentiation, and providing neuroprotection. CONCLUSIONS The applications of exosomes in the treatment of pulp regeneration have great potential, and exosomes may become ideal therapeutic biomaterial in regenerative endodontics.
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16
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Zeitlin BD. Banking on teeth - Stem cells and the dental office. Biomed J 2020; 43:124-133. [PMID: 32381462 PMCID: PMC7283549 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Science and commerce advance together and the stem cell field is no exception. With the promise of cures for conditions as diverse as cancer, autism, neural degeneration, organ replacement and addiction, long-term preservation of dental stem cells is a growth market. The discovery nearly twenty years ago, of viable, multipotent, stem cells in dental pulp from both baby and adult teeth initiated, and drives, this market.The dental stem cell preservation services, "tooth banks", focus on the collection of a child's baby teeth, as they are shed naturally, and storage of the stem cells from within the pulp for therapeutic use in later years should the child require them. This review focuses on the procedures related to these stem cell storage services and may serve as an introduction for many to the practice of "tooth banking".
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Zeitlin
- University of the Pacific, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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17
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Zhou H, Li X, Yin Y, He XT, An Y, Tian BM, Hong YL, Wu LA, Chen FM. The proangiogenic effects of extracellular vesicles secreted by dental pulp stem cells derived from periodontally compromised teeth. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:110. [PMID: 32143712 PMCID: PMC7060605 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01614-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) isolated from periodontally compromised teeth (P-DPSCs) have been demonstrated to retain pluripotency and regenerative potential, their use as therapeutics remains largely unexplored. In this study, we investigated the proangiogenic effects of extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by P-DPSCs using in vitro and in vivo testing models. Methods Patient-matched DPSCs derived from periodontally healthy teeth (H-DPSCs) were used as the control for P-DPSCs. Conditioned media (CMs) derived from H-DPSCs and P-DPSCs (H-CM and P-CM), CMs derived from both cell types pretreated with the EV secretion blocker GW4869 (H-GW and P-GW), and EVs secreted by H-DPSCs and P-DPSCs (H-EVs and P-EVs) were prepared to test their proangiogenic effects on endothelial cells (ECs). Cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation were assessed using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), transwell/scratch wound healing, and Matrigel assays, respectively. Specifically, quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot analysis were used to examine the expression levels of angiogenesis-related genes/proteins in ECs in response to EV-based incubation. Finally, a full-thickness skin defect model was applied to test the effects of EVs on wound healing and new vessel formation. Results Both H-CM and P-CM promoted EC angiogenesis, but the proangiogenic effects were compromised when ECs were incubated in H-GW and P-GW, wherein the EV secretion was blocked by pretreatment with GW4869. In EV-based incubations, although both H-EVs and P-EVs were found to enhance the angiogenesis-related activities of ECs, P-EVs exerted a more robust potential to stimulate EC proliferation, migration, and tube formation. In addition, P-EVs led to higher expression levels of angiogenesis-related genes/proteins in ECs than H-EVs. Similarly, both P-EVs and H-EVs were found to accelerate wound healing and promote vascularization across skin defects in mice, but wounds treated with P-EVs resulted in a quicker healing outcome and enhanced new vessel formation. Conclusions The findings of the present study provide additional evidence that P-DPSCs derived from periodontally diseased teeth represent a potential source of cells for research and therapeutic use. Particularly, the proangiogenic effects of P-EVs suggest that P-DPSCs may be used to promote new vessel formation in cellular therapy and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Tao He
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying An
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Bei-Min Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Long Hong
- Stomatology Center, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li-An Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fa-Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Yang X, Zhao Q, Chen Y, Fu Y, Lu S, Yu X, Yu D, Zhao W. Effects of graphene oxide and graphene oxide quantum dots on the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:822-832. [PMID: 30873880 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1576706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Graphene and its derivatives, graphene oxide (GO) and graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs), have recently attracted much attention as bioactive factors in differentiating stem cells towards osteoblastic lineage. The stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) possess the properties of self-renewal, extensive proliferation, and multiple differentiation potential, and have gradually become one of the most promising mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in bone tissue engineering. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of GO and GOQDs on the osteogenic differentiation of SHEDs. In this study, GO and GOQDs facilitated SHED proliferation up to 7 days in vitro at the concentration of 1 μg/ml. Because of their excellent fluorescent properties, GOQD uptake by SHEDs was confirmed and distributed in the SHED cytoplasm. Calcium nodules formation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and RNA and protein expression increased significantly in SHEDs treated with osteogenic induction medium containing GOQDs but decreased with osteogenic induction medium containing GO. Interestingly, the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway appeared to be involved in osteogenic differentiation of SHEDs induced with GOQDs. In summary, GO and GOQDs at the concentration of 1 μg/ml promoted SHED proliferation. GOQDs induced the osteogenic differentiation of SHEDs, whilst GO slightly inhibited it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- a Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Qi Zhao
- b Xianning Central Hospital , The First Affiliated Hospital Of Hubei University Of Science And Technology , Xianning , China
| | - Yijing Chen
- a Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yuanxiang Fu
- c School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Sun Yat-sen University , Zhuhai , China
| | - Shushen Lu
- c School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Sun Yat-sen University , Zhuhai , China
| | - Xinlin Yu
- d International Department , The Affiliated High School of SCNU , Guangzhou , China
| | - Dongsheng Yu
- a Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Wei Zhao
- a Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
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19
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Lu W, Xu W, Li J, Chen Y, Pan Y, Wu B. Effects of vascular endothelial growth factor and insulin growth factor‑1 on proliferation, migration, osteogenesis and vascularization of human carious dental pulp stem cells. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:3924-3932. [PMID: 31485628 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wanyu Lu
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Wenan Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Jianjia Li
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Yuhua Pan
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Buling Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
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20
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Braghirolli DI, Caberlon B, Gamba D, Petry J, Dias ML, Pranke P. Poly(trimethylene carbonate-co-L-lactide) electrospun scaffolds for use as vascular grafts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 52:e8318. [PMID: 31411247 PMCID: PMC6694404 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20198318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Currently, there is great clinical need for suitable synthetic grafts that can be used in vascular diseases. Synthetic grafts have been successfully used in medium and large arteries, however, their use in small diameter vessels is limited and presents a high failure rate. In this context, the aim of this study was to develop tissue engineering scaffolds, using poly(trimethylene carbonate-co-L-lactide) (PTMCLLA), for application as small diameter vascular grafts. For this, copolymers with varying trimethylene carbonate/lactide ratios - 20/80, 30/70, and 40/60 - were submitted to electrospinning and the resulting scaffolds were evaluated in terms of their physicochemical and biological properties. The scaffolds produced with PTMCLLA 20/80, 30/70, and 40/60 showed smooth fibers with an average diameter of 771±273, 606±242, and 697±232 nm, respectively. When the degradation ratio was evaluated, the three scaffold groups had a similar molecular weight (Mw) on the final day of analysis. PTMCLLA 30/70 and 40/60 scaffolds exhibited greater flexibility than the PTMCLLA 20/80. However, the PTMCLLA 40/60 scaffolds showed a large wrinkling and their biological properties were not evaluated. The PTMCLLA 30/70 scaffolds supported the adhesion and growth of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), endothelial progenitor cells, and smooth muscle cells (SMCs). In addition, they provided a spreading of MSCs and SMCs. Given the results, the electrospun scaffolds produced with PTMCLLA 30/70 copolymer can be considered promising candidates for future applications in vascular tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- D I Braghirolli
- Laboratório de Hematologia e Células-tronco, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - B Caberlon
- Laboratório de Hematologia e Células-tronco, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - D Gamba
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Jftc Petry
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - M L Dias
- Instituto de Macromoléculas Professora Eloisa Mano (IMA), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - P Pranke
- Laboratório de Hematologia e Células-tronco, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.,Instituto de Pesquisa com Células-tronco, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
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21
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Amghar-Maach S, Gay-Escoda C, Sánchez-Garcés MÁ. Regeneration of periodontal bone defects with dental pulp stem cells grafting: Systematic Review. J Clin Exp Dent 2019; 11:e373-e381. [PMID: 31110618 PMCID: PMC6522106 DOI: 10.4317/jced.55574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main objective is to evaluate the way to graft the dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) in periodontal defects that best regenerate periodontal tissues. Numerous procedures have been done to promote periodontal regeneration. Bone grafts show good gains clinically and radiographically but histologically seem to have minimal osteoinductive capacity. Another option that exceeds conventional surgery in reducing probing depth and increasing insertion is guided tissue regeneration and tissue engineering that could be an alternative approach to help in the regeneration of living functional bone and peri-dental structures. MATERIAL AND METHODS A search was carried out in Cochrane, PubMed-MEDLINE and Scopus databases with keywords: "dental pulp stem cells", "periodontal regeneration", "guided tissue regeneration, periodontal", "tissue regeneration", "periodontal bone defects", "periodontal tissue engineering" and "periodontal defect". Inclusion criteria were articles in English, maximum 10 years old, in which DPSC were used to regenerate a periodontal defect. Exclusion criteria were studies not published in English, case reports, case series, literature reviews, and studies in which periodontal defect was caused by dental extraction. RESULTS Out of the 185 articles identified, 101 after excluding duplicates, of which 94 were discarded when reading the title and abstract. 7 articles were obtained for the full text reading: a case report and a case series were eliminated. The systematic review is performed with 5 animal testing studies in vivo. The DPSC sheets regenerate a greater amount of bone than the injection. If HGF (hepatocyte growth factor) is added, the maximum bone volume regenerated (69.3 ± 3.9 mm3; p<0.01) is achieved. Similar results were obtained in all carriers tested except in the controls. The periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSC) formed more new bone, compared to DPSC (p<0.001). The presence of new cementum and periodontal ligament induced by CMLPs, was detected histologically but DPSC cannot achieve it alone. CONCLUSIONS Cementum or PDL regeneration does not depend only on DPSC but on other unknown factors. PDLSC has better periodontal regeneration than DPSC. DPSC significantly favours the regeneration of periodontal bone tissue but has few advantages over other grafts. It is necessary to study which growth factors or matrices can enhance their capacity for periodontal regeneration. Key words:Dental pulp, stem cells, periodontal guided tissue regeneration, periodontal bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Amghar-Maach
- Dentistry Student, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cosme Gay-Escoda
- MD, DDS, MS, PhD, EBOS, OMFS, Chairman and Professor of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Barcelona. Director of Master's Degree Program in Oral Surgery and Implantology (EHFRE International University/FUCSO). Coordinator/Researcher of the IDIBELL Institute. Head of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department of the Teknon Medical Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mª Ángeles Sánchez-Garcés
- MD, DDS, PhD, Aggregate Professor of Oral Surgery. Master's Degree Program in Oral Surgery and Implantology, School of Dentistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona. Researcher of the IDIBELL Institute, Barcelona, Spain
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22
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Abstract
In recent years, stem cell therapy has become a very promising and advanced scientific research topic. The development of treatment methods has evoked great expectations. This paper is a review focused on the discovery of different stem cells and the potential therapies based on these cells. The genesis of stem cells is followed by laboratory steps of controlled stem cell culturing and derivation. Quality control and teratoma formation assays are important procedures in assessing the properties of the stem cells tested. Derivation methods and the utilization of culturing media are crucial to set proper environmental conditions for controlled differentiation. Among many types of stem tissue applications, the use of graphene scaffolds and the potential of extracellular vesicle-based therapies require attention due to their versatility. The review is summarized by challenges that stem cell therapy must overcome to be accepted worldwide. A wide variety of possibilities makes this cutting edge therapy a turning point in modern medicine, providing hope for untreatable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Zakrzewski
- Department of Experimental Surgery and Biomaterials Research, Wroclaw Medical University, Bujwida 44, Wrocław, 50-345 Poland
| | - Maciej Dobrzyński
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Pedodontics, Krakowska 26, Wrocław, 50-425 Poland
| | - Maria Szymonowicz
- Department of Experimental Surgery and Biomaterials Research, Wroclaw Medical University, Bujwida 44, Wrocław, 50-345 Poland
| | - Zbigniew Rybak
- Department of Experimental Surgery and Biomaterials Research, Wroclaw Medical University, Bujwida 44, Wrocław, 50-345 Poland
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23
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Mendi A, Ulutürk H, Ataç MS, Yılmaz D. Stem Cells for the Oromaxillofacial Area: Could they be a promising source for regeneration in dentistry? ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1144:101-121. [PMID: 30725365 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oromaxillofacial tissues (OMT) are composed of tooth and bone, together with nerves and blood vessels. Such a composite material is a huge source for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that can be obtained with ease from extracted teeth, teeth structures and socket blood, flapped gingiva tissue, and mandibular/maxillar bone marrow. They offer a biological answer for restoring damaged dental tissues such as the regeneration of alveolar bone, prevention of pulp tissue defects, and dental structures. Dental tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells share properties with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and there is a considerable potential for these cells to be used in different stem cell-based therapies, such as bone and nerve regeneration. Dental pulp tissue might be a very good source for neurological disorders whereas gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells could be a good immune modulatory/suppressive mediators. OMT-MSCs is also promising candidates for regeneration of orofacial tissues from the perspective of developmental fate. Here, we review the fundamental biology and potential for future regeneration strategies of MSCs in oromaxillofacial research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşegül Mendi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Basic Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Hacer Ulutürk
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Sancar Ataç
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Derviş Yılmaz
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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24
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Abstract
Adult stem cells are excellent cell resource for cell therapy and regenerative medicine. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have been discovered and well known in various application. Here, we reviewed the history of dental pulp stem cell study and the detail experimental method including isolation, culture, cryopreservation, and the differentiation strategy to different cell lineage. Moreover, we discussed the future potential application of the combination of tissue engineering and of DPSC differentiation. This review will help the new learner to quickly get into the DPSC filed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianrui Yang
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062 Hubei China
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, 610072 China
| | - Donghui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062 Hubei China
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25
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Zhang C, Zhang Y, Feng Z, Zhang F, Liu Z, Sun X, Ruan M, Liu M, Jin S. Therapeutic effect of dental pulp stem cell transplantation on a rat model of radioactivity-induced esophageal injury. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:738. [PMID: 29970894 PMCID: PMC6030227 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0753-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cell (DPSC) transplantation has been demonstrated to promote the regeneration and repair of tissues and organs and is a potentially effective treatment for radioactive esophageal injury. In this study, to explore the therapeutic effects of DPSCs on acute radiation-induced esophageal injury, DPSCs were cultured and transplanted into rats with acute radioactive esophageal injuries induced by radioactive 125I seeds in vivo. In the injured esophagus, PKH26-labeled DPSCs co-localized with PCNA, CK14, CD71, and integrin α6, and the expression levels of these four makers of esophageal stem cells were significantly increased. After DPSC transplantation, the injured esophagus exhibited a greater thickness. In addition, the esophageal function and inflammation recovered faster. The results demonstrated that transplanted DPSCs, which trans-differentiated into esophageal stem cells in vivo, could repair the damaged esophageal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunwei Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, Harbin, China
| | - Yichi Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, Harbin, China
| | - Zhenning Feng
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, Harbin, China
| | - Feifei Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, Harbin, China
| | - Zishuai Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoli Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, Harbin, China
| | - Mengting Ruan
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, Harbin, China
| | - Mingna Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, Harbin, China
| | - Shizhu Jin
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, Harbin, China.
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26
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Almeida PN, Barboza DDN, Luna EB, Correia MCDM, Dias RB, Siquara de Sousa AC, Duarte MEL, Rossi MID, Cunha KS. Increased extracellular matrix deposition during chondrogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells from individuals with neurofibromatosis type 1: an in vitro 2D and 3D study. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2018; 13:98. [PMID: 29941005 PMCID: PMC6020206 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-018-0843-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) presents a wide range of clinical manifestations, including bone alterations. Studies that seek to understand cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying NF1 orthopedic problems are of great importance to better understand the pathogenesis and the development of new therapies. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are being used as an in vitro model for several diseases and appear as a suitable model for NF1. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro chondrogenic differentiation of DPSCs from individuals with NF1 using two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cultures. Results To fulfill the criteria of the International Society for Cellular Therapy, DPSCs were characterized by surface antigen expression and by their multipotentiality, being induced to differentiate towards adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic lineages in 2D cultures. Both DPSCs from individuals with NF1 (NF1 DPSCs) and control cultures were positive for CD90, CD105, CD146 and negative for CD13, CD14, CD45 and CD271, and successfully differentiated after the protocols. Chondrogenic differentiation was evaluated in 2D and in 3D (pellet) cultures, which were further evaluated by optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 2D cultures showed greater extracellular matrix deposition in NF1 DPSCs comparing with controls during chondrogenic differentiation. In semithin sections, control pellets hadhomogenous-sized intra and extracelullar matrix vesicles, whereas NF1 cultures had matrix vesicles of different sizes. TEM analysis showed higher amount of collagen fibers in NF1 cultures compared with control cultures. Conclusion NF1 DPSCs presented increased extracellular matrix deposition during chondrogenic differentiation, which could be related to skeletal changes in individuals with NF1. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13023-018-0843-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Nascimento Almeida
- Graduate Program in Pathology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Neurofibromatosis National Center (Centro Nacional de Neurofibromatose), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Deuilton do Nascimento Barboza
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Antônio Pedro University Hospital, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eloá Borges Luna
- Graduate Program in Pathology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Neurofibromatosis National Center (Centro Nacional de Neurofibromatose), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Rhayra Braga Dias
- National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics (Instituto Nacional de Traumatologia e Ortopedia), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Eugenia Leite Duarte
- National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics (Instituto Nacional de Traumatologia e Ortopedia), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Isabel Doria Rossi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, and Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Karin Soares Cunha
- Graduate Program in Pathology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. .,Neurofibromatosis National Center (Centro Nacional de Neurofibromatose), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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27
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Whiting D, Chung WO, Johnson JD, Paranjpe A. Characterization of the Cellular Responses of Dental Mesenchymal Stem Cells to the Immune System. J Endod 2018; 44:1126-1131. [PMID: 29884336 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2018.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dental stem cells have gained importance recently and are being used for various purposes in regenerative medicine and dentistry. Although much research has been done to show the various properties of these dental stem cells, the immunomodulatory properties of some of these stem cells are still unknown. This is important considering these cells are being used routinely. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the interactions between the activated immune cells and 3 types of dental-derived mesenchymal stem cells: dental pulp stem cells, stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth, and stem cells of the apical papilla (SCAP). METHODS SCAP, dental pulp stem cells, stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth, and periodontal ligament fibroblasts were cultured, and various assays were performed including a proliferation assay, flow cytometric analysis, lactate dehydrogenase and chromium-51 cytotoxicity assays, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to evaluate the interactions of these dental stem cells when cocultured with either peripheral blood mononuclear cells or natural killer cells. RESULTS SCAP were less resistant to immune cell-mediated cytotoxicity as seen from the results obtained from the LDH and chromium-51 cytotoxicity assays. The flow cytometric analysis showed a lower resilience of SCAP to cytotoxic compounds. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results demonstrated that the SCAP induced high levels of proinflammatory cytokine secretion compared with the other dental stem cells. CONCLUSIONS SCAP did not perform as well as the other dental stem cells. This could in turn affect their survival and differentiation abilities as well as their functionality. This may be an important aspect to consider when selecting dental stem cells for various regenerative procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Whiting
- Department of Endodontics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Whasun Oh Chung
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - James D Johnson
- Department of Endodontics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Avina Paranjpe
- Department of Endodontics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
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28
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Marei MK, El Backly RM. Dental Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Translational Regenerative Dentistry: From Artificial to Biological Replacement. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:49. [PMID: 29770323 PMCID: PMC5941981 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dentistry is a continuously changing field that has witnessed much advancement in the past century. Prosthodontics is that branch of dentistry that deals with replacing missing teeth using either fixed or removable appliances in an attempt to simulate natural tooth function. Although such "replacement therapies" appear to be easy and economic they fall short of ever coming close to their natural counterparts. Complications that arise often lead to failures and frequent repairs of such devices which seldom allow true physiological function of dental and oral-maxillofacial tissues. Such factors can critically affect the quality of life of an individual. The market for dental implants is continuously growing with huge economic revenues. Unfortunately, such treatments are again associated with frequent problems such as peri-implantitis resulting in an eventual loss or replacement of implants. This is particularly influential for patients having co-morbid diseases such as diabetes or osteoporosis and in association with smoking and other conditions that undoubtedly affect the final treatment outcome. The advent of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine therapies along with the enormous strides taken in their associated interdisciplinary fields such as stem cell therapy, biomaterial development, and others may open arenas to enhancing tissue regeneration via designing and construction of patient-specific biological and/or biomimetic substitutes. This review will overview current strategies in regenerative dentistry while overviewing key roles of dental mesenchymal stem cells particularly those of the dental pulp, until paving the way to precision/translational regenerative medicine therapies for future clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona K Marei
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.,Tissue Engineering Laboratories, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Rania M El Backly
- Tissue Engineering Laboratories, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.,Endodontics, Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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29
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Alkharobi HE, Al-Khafaji H, Beattie J, Devine DA, El-Gendy R. Insulin-Like Growth Factor Axis Expression in Dental Pulp Cells Derived From Carious Teeth. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:36. [PMID: 29707538 PMCID: PMC5906522 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis plays an important role in dental tissue regeneration and most components of this axis are expressed in human dental pulp cells (DPCs). In our previous study, we analyzed IGF axis gene expression in DPCs and demonstrated a novel role of IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-2 and -3 in coordinating mineralized matrix formation in differentiating DPCs. A more recent study from our laboratory partially characterized dental pulp stem cells from teeth with superficial caries (cDPCs) and showed that their potential to differentiate odontoblasts and/or into osteoblasts is enhanced by exposure to the mild inflammatory conditions characteristic of superficial caries. In the present study, we examine whether changes apparent in IGF axis expression during osteogenic differentiation of healthy DPCs are also apparent in DPCs derived from carious affected teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa Esa Alkharobi
- Division of Oral Biology, Leeds School of Dentistry, St James University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hasanain Al-Khafaji
- Division of Oral Biology, Leeds School of Dentistry, St James University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - James Beattie
- Division of Oral Biology, Leeds School of Dentistry, St James University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Deirdre Ann Devine
- Division of Oral Biology, Leeds School of Dentistry, St James University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Reem El-Gendy
- Division of Oral Biology, Leeds School of Dentistry, St James University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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30
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Werle SB, Chagastelles P, Pranke P, Casagrande L. Hypoxia upregulates the expression of the pluripotency markers in the stem cells from human deciduous teeth. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:199-207. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2427-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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31
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Paim A, Braghirolli DI, Cardozo NSM, Pranke P, Tessaro IC. Human dental pulp stem cell adhesion and detachment in polycaprolactone electrospun scaffolds under direct perfusion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 51:e6754. [PMID: 29590258 PMCID: PMC5886556 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20186754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cell adhesion in three-dimensional scaffolds plays a key role in tissue development. However, stem cell behavior in electrospun scaffolds under perfusion is not fully understood. Thus, an investigation was made on the effect of flow rate and shear stress, adhesion time, and seeding density under direct perfusion in polycaprolactone electrospun scaffolds on human dental pulp stem cell detachment. Polycaprolactone scaffolds were electrospun using a solvent mixture of chloroform and methanol. The viable cell number was determined at each tested condition. Cell morphology was analyzed by confocal microscopy after various incubation times for static cell adhesion with a high seeding density. Scanning electron microscopy images were obtained before and after perfusion for the highest flow rate tested. The wall pore shear stress was calculated for all tested flow rates (0.005–3 mL/min). An inversely proportional relationship between adhesion time with cell detachment under perfusion was observed. Lower flow rates and lower seeding densities reduced the drag of cells by shear stress. However, there was an operational limit for the lowest flow rate that can be used without compromising cell viability, indicating that a flow rate of 0.05 mL/min might be more suitable for the tested cell culture in electrospun scaffolds under direct perfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Paim
- Laboratório de Separação por Membranas, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.,Laboratório de Simulação, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.,Laboratório de Hematologia e Células-Tronco, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - D I Braghirolli
- Laboratório de Hematologia e Células-Tronco, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - N S M Cardozo
- Laboratório de Simulação, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - P Pranke
- Laboratório de Hematologia e Células-Tronco, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.,Instituto de Pesquisa com Células-Tronco, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - I C Tessaro
- Laboratório de Separação por Membranas, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
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32
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Zainuri M, Putri RR, Bachtiar EW. Establishing methods for isolation of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous from carious deciduous teeth. Interv Med Appl Sci 2018; 10:33-37. [PMID: 30363356 PMCID: PMC6167630 DOI: 10.1556/1646.10.2018.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aims to establish the isolation method of stem cells from pulp tissue of carious deciduous teeth. Methods The teeth were soaked in 1% povidone–iodine solution for about 1 min followed by washing in PBS with 1% antibiotic–antimycotic thrice. Dental pulp tissue was removed by extirpation, and then cultivated in the culture medium. Characterization of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) was carried out using human MSC analysis kit with positive markers CD90, CD73, and CD105, but negative for expressions of CD45, CD34, CD11b, CD19, and HLA-DR. Differentiation capacity of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous (SHED) was determined by staining with Alizarin S, Alcian Blue, and Oil Red O. Results There is no contamination after 3 days of culture. SHED derived from dental pulp were expressions of 99.2% of positive marker and 0.3% of the negative marker. At passage 5, SHED was differentiated into osteocyte, chondrocyte, and adipocyte types of cells in the induction medium. Conclusion SHED derived from carious deciduous teeth can be used as a source of stem cell for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masagus Zainuri
- Center for Research and Development of Biomedical and Basic Health Technology, National Institute Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ratih Rinendya Putri
- Center for Research and Development of Biomedical and Basic Health Technology, National Institute Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Endang W Bachtiar
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biology, Oral Sciences Research Center, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Anitua E, Troya M, Zalduendo M. Progress in the use of dental pulp stem cells in regenerative medicine. Cytotherapy 2018; 20:479-498. [PMID: 29449086 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The field of tissue engineering is emerging as a multidisciplinary area with promising potential for regenerating new tissues and organs. This approach requires the involvement of three essential components: stem cells, scaffolds and growth factors. To date, dental pulp stem cells have received special attention because they represent a readily accessible source of stem cells. Their high plasticity and multipotential capacity to differentiate into a large array of tissues can be explained by its neural crest origin, which supports applications beyond the scope of oral tissues. Many isolation, culture and cryopreservation protocols have been proposed that are known to affect cell phenotype, proliferation rate and differentiation capacity. The clinical applications of therapies based on dental pulp stem cells demand the development of new biomaterials suitable for regenerative purposes that can act as scaffolds to handle, carry and implant stem cells into patients. Currently, the development of xeno-free culture media is emerging as a means of standardization to improve safe and reproducibility. The present review aims to describe the current knowledge of dental pulp stem cells, considering in depth the key aspects related to the characterization, establishment, maintenance and cryopreservation of primary cultures and their involvement in the multilineage differentiation potential. The main clinical applications for these stem cells and their combination with several biomaterials is also covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Anitua
- BTI-Biotechnology Institute, Vitoria, Spain; University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology UIRMI, UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua, Vitoria, Spain.
| | - María Troya
- BTI-Biotechnology Institute, Vitoria, Spain; University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology UIRMI, UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Mar Zalduendo
- BTI-Biotechnology Institute, Vitoria, Spain; University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology UIRMI, UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua, Vitoria, Spain
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Alkharobi H, Beattie J, Meade J, Devine D, El-Gendy R. Dental Pulp Cells Isolated from Teeth with Superficial Caries Retain an Inflammatory Phenotype and Display an Enhanced Matrix Mineralization Potential. Front Physiol 2017; 8:244. [PMID: 28503150 PMCID: PMC5408163 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We have isolated dental pulp cells (DPCs) from three healthy (hDPCs) and three carious (cDPCs) donors and shown that compared to hDPCs cells isolated from superficial carious lesions show higher clonogenic potential; show an equivalent proportion of cells with putative stem cell surface markers; show enhanced matrix mineralization capability; have enhanced angiogenic marker expression and retain the inflammatory phenotype in vitro characteristic of superficial caries lesions in vivo. Our findings suggest that cDPCs may be used for further investigation of the cross talk between inflammatory, angiogenic and mineralization pathways in repair of carious pulp. In addition cells derived from carious pulps (almost always discarded) may have potential for future applications in mineralized tissue repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa Alkharobi
- Division of Oral Biology, Leeds School of Dentistry, St. James University Hospital, University of LeedsLeeds, UK.,Department Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, King AbdulAziz UniversityJeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - James Beattie
- Division of Oral Biology, Leeds School of Dentistry, St. James University Hospital, University of LeedsLeeds, UK
| | - Josie Meade
- Division of Oral Biology, Leeds School of Dentistry, St. James University Hospital, University of LeedsLeeds, UK
| | - Deirdre Devine
- Division of Oral Biology, Leeds School of Dentistry, St. James University Hospital, University of LeedsLeeds, UK
| | - Reem El-Gendy
- Division of Oral Biology, Leeds School of Dentistry, St. James University Hospital, University of LeedsLeeds, UK.,Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal UniversityIsmailia, Egypt
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Rodas-Junco BA, Villicaña C. Dental Pulp Stem Cells: Current Advances in Isolation, Expansion and Preservation. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 14:333-347. [PMID: 30603490 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-017-0036-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are mesenchymal stem cells with high self-renewal potential that have the ability to differentiate into several cell types. Thus, DPSCs have become a promising source of cells for several applications in regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, and stem cell therapy. Numerous methods have been reported for the isolation, expansion, and preservation of DPSCs. However, methods are diverse and do not follow specific rules or parameters, which can affect stem cell properties, adding more variation to experimental results. In this review, we compare and analyze current experimental evidence to propose some factors that can be useful to establish better methods or improved protocols to prolong the quality of DPSCs. In addition, we highlight other factors related to biological aspects of dental tissue source (e.g., age, genetic background) that should be considered before tooth selection. Although current methods have reached significant advances, optimization is still required to improve culture stability and its maintenance for an extended period without losing stem cell properties. In addition, there is still much that needs to be done toward clinical application due to the fact that most of DPSCs procedures are not currently following good manufacturing practices. The establishment of optimized general or tailored protocols will allow obtaining well-defined DPSCs cultures with specific properties, which enable more reproducible results that will be the basis to develop effective and safe therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz A Rodas-Junco
- CONACYT - Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Campus de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán (UADY), Periférico Norte Kilómetro 33.5, Tablaje Catastral 13615 Chuburná de Hidalgo Inn, CP 97203 Mérida, Yucatán México
| | - Claudia Villicaña
- CONACYT - Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Campus de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán (UADY), Periférico Norte Kilómetro 33.5, Tablaje Catastral 13615 Chuburná de Hidalgo Inn, CP 97203 Mérida, Yucatán México
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Louvrier A, Euvrard E, Nicod L, Rolin G, Gindraux F, Pazart L, Houdayer C, Risold PY, Meyer F, Meyer C. Odontoblastic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells from healthy and carious teeth on an original PCL-based 3D scaffold. Int Endod J 2017; 51 Suppl 4:e252-e263. [PMID: 28109162 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To isolate and characterize dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) obtained from carious and healthy mature teeth extracted when conservative treatment was not possible or for orthodontic reasons; to evaluate the ability of DPSCs to colonize, proliferate and differentiate into functional odontoblast-like cells when cultured onto a polycaprolactone cone made by jet-spraying and prototyped into a design similar to a gutta-percha cone. METHODOLOGY DPSCs were obtained from nine carious and 12 healthy mature teeth. Then cells were characterized by flow cytometry and submitted to multidifferentiation to confirm their multipotency. These DPSCs were then cultured on a polycaprolactone cone in an odontoblastic differentiation medium. Cell proliferation, colonization of the biomaterial and functional differentiation of cells were histologically assessed. For the characterization, a t-Student test was used to compare the two groups. RESULTS In all cell cultures, characterization highlighted a mesenchymal stem cell phenotype (CD105+, CD90+, CD73+, CD11b-, CD34-, CD45-, HLA-DR-). No significant differences were found between cultures obtained from carious and healthy mature teeth. DPSCs from both origins were able to differentiate into osteocytes, adipocytes and chondrocytes. Cell colonization was observed both on the surface and in the thickness of polycaprolactone cones as well as a mineralized pericellular matrix deposit composed of type I collagen, alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin and dentin sialophosphoprotein. CONCLUSIONS DPSCs were isolated from both carious and healthy mature teeth. They were able to colonize and proliferate within a polycaprolactone cone and could be differentiated into functional odontoblast-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Louvrier
- Service de Chirurgie Maxillo-faciale, Stomatologie et Odontologie Hospitalière, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - E Euvrard
- Service de Chirurgie Maxillo-faciale, Stomatologie et Odontologie Hospitalière, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Besançon, France.,Nanomédecinelab, EA 4662, UFR SMP, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - L Nicod
- Nanomédecinelab, EA 4662, UFR SMP, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - G Rolin
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique de Besançon, INSERM 1431, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - F Gindraux
- Nanomédecinelab, EA 4662, UFR SMP, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.,Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique, Traumatologique et Plastique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - L Pazart
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique de Besançon, INSERM 1431, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - C Houdayer
- Estrogènes, Expression Génique et Pathologies du Système Nerveux Central, EA3922, UFR ST, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - P Y Risold
- Estrogènes, Expression Génique et Pathologies du Système Nerveux Central, EA3922, UFR ST, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - F Meyer
- Inserm UMR 1121 Biomaterials and Bioengineering, FMTS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Institut Hospitalo Universitaire, Pôle de médecine et chirurgie bucco-dentaires, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - C Meyer
- Service de Chirurgie Maxillo-faciale, Stomatologie et Odontologie Hospitalière, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Besançon, France.,Nanomédecinelab, EA 4662, UFR SMP, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
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Li Y, Zhao S, Nan X, Wei H, Shi J, Li A, Gou J. Repair of human periodontal bone defects by autologous grafting stem cells derived from inflammatory dental pulp tissues. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:141. [PMID: 27655627 PMCID: PMC5032237 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0404-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, stem cells derived from inflammatory dental pulp tissues (DPSCs-IPs) have demonstrated regenerative potential, but the real effect remains to be examined. This pilot study attempted to isolate DPSCs-IPs from two patients and to evaluate the feasibility and the effect of reconstructing periodontal intrabone defects in each patient. METHODS DPSCs-IPs were harvested from two patients with periodontal intrabone defects with their approval. After discussing the biological characteristics of DPSCs-IPs in each patient, DPSCs-IPs were loaded onto the scaffold material β-tricalcium phosphate and engrafted into the periodontal defect area in the root furcation. After 1, 3, and 9 months, the outcome was evaluated by clinical assessment and radiological study. Furthermore, new samples were collected and the biological characteristics of DPSCs-IPs were further studied compared with normal dental pulp stem cells. The primary cell culture success rate, cell viability, cell cycle analysis, and proliferation index were used to describe the growth state of DPSCs-IPs. In-vitro differentiation ability detection was used to further discuss the stem cell characteristics of DPSCs-IPs. RESULTS As expected, DPSCs-IPs were able to engraft and had an effect of regeneration of new bones to repair periodontal defects 9 months after surgical reconstruction. Although the success rate of primary cell culture and growth status was slightly inhibited, DPSCs-IPs expressed comparable levels of stem cell markers as well as retaining their multidifferentiation ability. CONCLUSIONS We developed a standard procedure that is potentially safe and technological for clinical periodontal treatment using human autologous DPSCs-IPs. TRIAL REGISTRATION According to the editorial policies, the present study is a purely observational study, so trial registration is not required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Li
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Periodontology, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi Wu Road No. 98, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China
| | - Shanmei Zhao
- Department of Periodontology, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi Wu Road No. 98, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China
| | - Xi Nan
- Department of Periodontology, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi Wu Road No. 98, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianfeng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ang Li
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China. .,Department of Periodontology, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi Wu Road No. 98, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China.
| | - Jianzhong Gou
- Department of Periodontology, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi Wu Road No. 98, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China
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Werle SB, Chagastelles P, Pranke P, Casagrande L. The effects of hypoxia on in vitro culture of dental-derived stem cells. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 68:13-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Rosa V, Dubey N, Islam I, Min KS, Nör JE. Pluripotency of Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth for Tissue Engineering. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:5957806. [PMID: 27313627 PMCID: PMC4904107 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5957806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) are highly proliferative pluripotent cells that can be retrieved from primary teeth. Although SHED are isolated from the dental pulp, their differentiation potential is not limited to odontoblasts only. In fact, SHED can differentiate into several cell types including neurons, osteoblasts, adipocytes, and endothelial cells. The high plasticity makes SHED an interesting stem cell model for research in several biomedical areas. This review will discuss key findings about the characterization and differentiation of SHED into odontoblasts, neurons, and hormone secreting cells (e.g., hepatocytes and islet-like cell aggregates). The outcomes of the studies presented here support the multipotency of SHED and their potential to be used for tissue engineering-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Rosa
- Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119083
| | - Nileshkumar Dubey
- Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119083
| | - Intekhab Islam
- Discipline of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119083
| | - Kyung-San Min
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Jacques E. Nör
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Cryopreservation and Banking of Dental Stem Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 951:199-235. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-45457-3_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Ledesma-Martínez E, Mendoza-Núñez VM, Santiago-Osorio E. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Dental Pulp: A Review. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2016:4709572. [PMID: 26779263 PMCID: PMC4686712 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4709572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The mesenchymal stem cells of dental pulp (DPSCs) were isolated and characterized for the first time more than a decade ago as highly clonogenic cells that were able to generate densely calcified colonies. Now, DPSCs are considered to have potential as stem cell source for orthopedic and oral maxillofacial reconstruction, and it has been suggested that they may have applications beyond the scope of the stomatognathic system. To date, most studies have shown that, regardless of their origin in third molars, incisors, or exfoliated deciduous teeth, DPSCs can generate mineralized tissue, an extracellular matrix and structures type dentin, periodontal ligament, and dental pulp, as well as other structures. Different groups worldwide have designed and evaluated new efficient protocols for the isolation, expansion, and maintenance of clinically safe human DPSCs in sufficient numbers for various therapeutics protocols and have discussed the most appropriate route of administration, the possible contraindications to their clinical use, and the parameters to be considered for monitoring their clinical efficacy and proper biological source. At present, DPSC-based therapy is promising but because most of the available evidence was obtained using nonhuman xenotransplants, it is not a mature technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Ledesma-Martínez
- Hematopoiesis and Leukemia Laboratory, Research Unit on Cell Differentiation and Cancer, FES Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 09230 Mexico City, MEX, Mexico
| | - Víctor Manuel Mendoza-Núñez
- Research Unit on Gerontology, FES Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 09230 Mexico City, MEX, Mexico
| | - Edelmiro Santiago-Osorio
- Hematopoiesis and Leukemia Laboratory, Research Unit on Cell Differentiation and Cancer, FES Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 09230 Mexico City, MEX, Mexico
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