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Rajkumar DS, Padmanaban R. Impact of bisphenol A and analogues eluted from resin-based dental materials on cellular and molecular processes: An insight on underlying toxicity mechanisms. J Appl Toxicol 2024. [PMID: 38711185 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Dental resin systems, used for artificial replacement of teeth and their surrounding structures, have gained popularity due to the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) recommendation to reduce dental amalgam use in high-risk populations and medical circumstances. Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine-disrupting chemical, is an essential monomer within dental resin in the form of various analogues and derivatives. Leaching of monomers from resins results in toxicity, affecting hormone metabolism and causing long-term health risks. Understanding cellular-level toxicity profiles of bisphenol derivatives is crucial for conducting toxicity studies in in vivo models. This review provides insights into the unique expression patterns of BPA and its analogues among different cell types and their underlying toxicity mechanisms. Lack of a consistent cell line for toxic effects necessitates exploring various cell lines. Among the individual monomers, BisGMA was found to be the most toxic; however, BisDMA and BADGE generates BPA endogenously and found to elicit severe adverse reactions. In correlating in vitro data with in vivo findings, further research is necessary to classify the elutes as human carcinogens or xenoestrogens. Though the basic mechanisms underlying toxicity were believed to be the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species and a corresponding decline in glutathione levels, several underlying mechanisms were identified to stimulate cellular responses at low concentrations. The review calls for further research to assess the synergistic interactions of co-monomers and other components in dental resins. The review emphasizes the clinical relevance of these findings, highlighting the necessity for safer dental materials and underscoring the potential health risks associated with current dental resin systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Sangeetha Rajkumar
- Immunodynamics & Interface Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Rajashree Padmanaban
- Immunodynamics & Interface Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Chennai, India
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Peruchi V, Ribeiro RADO, Mendes Soares IP, Oliveira Fernandes LD, de Oliveira JR, Pires MLBA, Hebling J, Soares DG, de Souza Costa CA. Influence of coating dental enamel with a TiF 4-loaded polymeric primer on the adverse effects caused by a bleaching gel with 35% H 2O 2. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 153:106497. [PMID: 38458078 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether coating enamel with a polymeric primer (PPol) containing titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4) before applying a bleaching gel with 35% H2O2 (35% BG) increases esthetic efficacy, prevents changes in morphology and hardness of enamel, as well as reduces the cytotoxicity from conventional in-office bleaching. MATERIALS AND METHODS Standardized enamel/dentin discs were stained and bleached for 45 min (one session) with 35% BG. Groups 2TiF4, 6TiF4, and 10TiF4 received the gel on the enamel previously coated with PPol containing 2 mg/mL, 6 mg/mL, or 10 mg/mL, respectively. No treatment or application of 35% BG directly on enamel were used as negative control (NC), and positive control (PC), respectively. UV-reflectance spectrophotometry (CIE L*a*b* system, ΔE00, and ΔWI, n = 8) determined the bleaching efficacy of treatments. Enamel microhardness (Knoop, n = 8), morphology, and composition (SEM/EDS, n = 4) were also evaluated. Enamel/dentin discs adapted to artificial pulp chambers (n = 8) were used for trans-amelodentinal cytotoxicity tests. Following the treatments, the extracts (culture medium + bleaching gel components diffused through the discs) were collected and applied to odontoblast-like MDPC-23 cells, which were assessed concerning their viability (alamarBlue, n = 8; Live/Dead, n = 4), oxidative stress (n = 8), and morphology (SEM). The amount of H2O2 in the extracts was also determined (leuco crystal violet/peroxidase, n = 8). The numerical data underwent one-criterion variance analysis (one-way ANOVA), followed by Tukey's test, at a 5% significance level. RESULTS Regarding the ΔE00, no difference was observed among groups 2TiF4, 6TiF4, and PC (p > 0.05). The ΔWI was similar between groups 2TiF4 and PC (p > 0.05). The ΔWI of group 6TiF4 was superior to PC (p < 0.05), and group 10TiF4 achieved the highest ΔE00 and ΔWI values (p < 0.05). Besides limiting enamel microstructural changes compared to PC, group 10TiF4 significantly increased the hardness of this mineralized dental tissue. The highest cellular viability occurred in 10TiF4 compared to the other bleached groups (p < 0.05). Trans-amelodentinal H2O2 diffusion decreased in groups 2TiF4, 6TiF4, and 10TiF4 in comparison with PC (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Coating enamel with a PPol containing TiF4 before applying a 35% BG may increase enamel microhardness and esthetic efficacy and reduce the trans-amelodentinal cytotoxicity of conventional in-office tooth bleaching. The PPol containing 10 mg/mL of TiF4 promoted the best outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victória Peruchi
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | | | - Igor Paulino Mendes Soares
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Lídia de Oliveira Fernandes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Juliana Rios de Oliveira
- Department of Morphology and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | | | - Josimeri Hebling
- Department of Morphology and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Diana Gabriela Soares
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto de Souza Costa
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil.
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Reis Souza ID, Leite ML, de Oliveira Ribeiro RA, Hebling J, de Souza Costa CA. Transdentinal cytotoxicity of resin luting cements using the bovine and human dentin barrier. J Prosthet Dent 2023; 130:939.e1-939.e8. [PMID: 37867015 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Based upon ethical questions and because of the difficulty of obtaining intact human teeth, researchers have used bovine teeth to assess the physical and mechanical properties of different dental materials. However, data from transdentinal cytotoxicity tests showing that the bovine dentin barrier is similar to the human dentin barrier is lacking. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate whether the bovine dentin barrier produces similar results to those obtained when the human dentin barrier is used to assess the transdentinal cytotoxicity of resin luting cements. MATERIAL AND METHODS The number and diameter of dentinal tubules present in the human dentin barrier and bovine dentin barrier were evaluated and assessed with a t test (α=.05). After inserting the standardized dentin barriers into artificial pulp chambers, murine dental papilla-derived cells (MDPC-23) were seeded on the pulpal surface of the specimens, and the luting cements were applied to their occlusal surfaces. Then, the following groups were established for both human and bovine dentin barriers: no treatment (negative control); Single Bond Universal; RelyX Luting 2; RelyX U200; and RelyX Ultimate. After 24 hours, the viability (alamarBlue) and morphology (scanning electron microscopy) of the cells were evaluated with a 2-way analysis of variance and the Tukey honest significance test (α=.05). RESULTS Dentinal tubules with larger diameters were observed in bovine dentin (P<.05), but the number of tubules was similar (P>.05). A reduction in viability and notable changes in the morphology of MDPC-23 cells occurred in the Single Bond Universal and RelyX Luting 2 groups in comparison with the negative control (P<.05). The RelyX U200 and RelyX Ultimate groups were statistically similar to the negative control (P>.05). No difference was found in cytotoxicity when the same luting cement was applied on human or bovine dentin barriers (P>.05). CONCLUSIONS For transdentinal cytotoxicity tests of resin luting cements, the bovine dentin barrier proved similar results to the human dentin barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Dos Reis Souza
- Former Postgraduate student, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Maria Luísa Leite
- Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Rafael Antonio de Oliveira Ribeiro
- PhD student, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Josimeri Hebling
- Professor, Department of Morphology and Pediatric Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto de Souza Costa
- Professor, Department of Physiology and Pathology, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil.
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Ferreira MN, Neves Dos Santos M, Fernandes I, Marto CM, Laranjo M, Silva D, Serro AP, Carrilho E, Botelho MF, Azul AM, Delgado AH. Effect of varying functional monomers in experimental self-adhesive composites: polymerization kinetics, cell metabolism influence and sealing ability. Biomed Mater 2023; 18:065014. [PMID: 37738988 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/acfc8d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to evaluate the effects of adding different functional monomers to experimental self-adhesive composites (SACs) on polymerization kinetics, cell metabolic activity, and sealing ability. SACs were formulated using urethane dimethacrylate as the base monomer and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate. Additionally, 10 wt.% of distinct functional monomers were added - 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate, glycerol phosphate dimethacrylate (GPDM), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) or hydroxyethyl acrylamide (HEAA). ATR-FTIR was used to determine real-time polymerization kinetics (20 min,n= 3). The final extrapolated conversion and polymerization rates were determined (DC,max;Rp,max). TheDC,maxvalues were employed to calculate volumetric shrinkage. The MTT assay was performed on MDPC-23 cells using disc extracts at different concentrations (n= 8). Class V cavities were prepared in 60 sound human molars, assigned to six groups (n= 10), depending on the composite used and aging type (T0 or TC, if thermocycled for 10 000 cycles). One-way ANOVA, two-way, andKruskal-Wallistests were employed to treat the data (ɑ= 0.05). Varying the functional monomers had a large impact on DC,max, as confirmed by one-way ANOVA (p<0.001). The highest was obtained for HEMA (64 ± 3%). The HEMA and HEAA formulations were found to be significantly more toxic at concentrations below 100%. For microleakage, having a functional monomer or not did not show any improvement, irrespective of margin or aging period (Mann-Whitney U,p> 0.05). Larger functional monomers MDP and GPDM affected polymerization properties. Conversely, their acidity did not seem to be detrimental to cell metabolic activity. Regarding sealing ability, it seems that the functional monomers did not bring an advantage to the composites. Varying the functional monomer in SACs had a clear impact on the polymerization kinetics as well as on their cytotoxic potential. However, it did not confer better microleakage and sealing. Claiming self-adhesiveness based only on functional monomers seems dubious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Nunes Ferreira
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM); Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, 2829-511 Caparica, Almada, Portugal
| | - Marta Neves Dos Santos
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM); Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, 2829-511 Caparica, Almada, Portugal
| | - Inês Fernandes
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos Miguel Marto
- Institute of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Laranjo
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Diana Silva
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM); Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, 2829-511 Caparica, Almada, Portugal
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences and Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Serro
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM); Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, 2829-511 Caparica, Almada, Portugal
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences and Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Eunice Carrilho
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice, University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Filomena Botelho
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Mano Azul
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM); Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, 2829-511 Caparica, Almada, Portugal
| | - António Hs Delgado
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM); Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, 2829-511 Caparica, Almada, Portugal
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, NW3 2PF London, United Kingdom
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Dental Luting Cements: An Updated Comprehensive Review. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041619. [PMID: 36838607 PMCID: PMC9961919 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The cementation of indirect restoration is one of the most important steps in prosthetic and restorative dentistry. Cementation aims to bond the prosthetic restoration to the prepared enamel or enamel and dentine. Successful cementation protocols prevent biofilm formation at the margin between tooth and restoration and minimize mechanical and biological complications. With the advancements in dental cements, they have been modified to be versatile in terms of handling, curing, and bond strengths. This review presents updates on dental cements, focusing on the composition, properties, advantages, limitations, and indications of the various cements available. Currently, dental restorations are made from various biomaterials, and depending on each clinical case, an appropriate luting material will be selected. There is no luting material that can be universally used. Therefore, it is important to distinguish the physical, mechanical, and biological properties of luting materials in order to identify the best options for each case. Nowadays, the most commonly used dental cements are glass-ionomer and resin cement. The type, shade, thickness of resin cement and the shade of the ceramic, all together, have a tangible influence on the final restoration color. Surface treatments of the restoration increase the microtensile bond strength. Hence, the proper surface treatment protocol of both the substrate and restoration surfaces is needed before cementation. Additionally, the manufacturer's instructions for the thin cement-layer thickness are important for the long-term success of the restoration.
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Marigo L, Triestino A, Castagnola R, Vincenzoni F, Cordaro M, Di Stasio E, Mordente A, Nocca G. Cytotoxic Evaluation of the New Composite Resin through an Artificial Pulp Chamber. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:5100816. [PMID: 36440368 PMCID: PMC9683947 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5100816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyse the cytocompatibility of Surefil One (SuO) with respect to the release of monomers from the material. The following reference materials were chosen: SDR Flow Plus (SDR, Dentsply Sirona, Konstanz, Germany), One Q Bond (Q, Dentalica, Milan, Italy), and Ketac (K, 3M-ESPE, USA). Fifteen dentin discs (2 mm thickness and diameter) were obtained from 15 third molars and were used in this study. After dentin disc permeability measurement, murine fibroblasts were grown, and the pulp surface of the dentinal disc was placed in direct contact with the cells immersed in DMEM. The experimental materials were positioned on the occlusal side of each dentinal disc until a uniform thickness of 2 mm was obtained. Then, the discs were inserted into an artificial pulp chamber for 24 hours to assess the cytocompatibility. Afterwards, the moles of monomers leached from the specimens in DMEM were determined using HPLC. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA (p < 0.05). Under the experimental conditions, the toxic effect induced by all tested materials was slight or absent. Diurethane dimethacrylate and acrylic acid were not found in the culture media. It is concluded that all materials have good cytocompatibility consistent with the nondeterminability of the monomers released after polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Marigo
- UOC Odontoiatria Generale e Ortodonzia, Dipartimento Scienze dell'Invecchiamento, Neurologiche, Ortopediche e della Testa-Collo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, Rome 00168, Italy
- Dipartimento di Testa-Collo e Organi di Senso, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Alessio Triestino
- UOC Odontoiatria Generale e Ortodonzia, Dipartimento Scienze dell'Invecchiamento, Neurologiche, Ortopediche e della Testa-Collo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, Rome 00168, Italy
- Dipartimento di Testa-Collo e Organi di Senso, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Raffaella Castagnola
- UOC Odontoiatria Generale e Ortodonzia, Dipartimento Scienze dell'Invecchiamento, Neurologiche, Ortopediche e della Testa-Collo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, Rome 00168, Italy
- Dipartimento di Testa-Collo e Organi di Senso, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Federica Vincenzoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Sezione di Biochimica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito, 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Cordaro
- UOC Odontoiatria Generale e Ortodonzia, Dipartimento Scienze dell'Invecchiamento, Neurologiche, Ortopediche e della Testa-Collo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, Rome 00168, Italy
- Dipartimento di Testa-Collo e Organi di Senso, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Enrico Di Stasio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Sezione di Biochimica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito, 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Alvaro Mordente
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Sezione di Biochimica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito, 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Nocca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Sezione di Biochimica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito, 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Hu S, Muniraj G, Mishra A, Hong K, Lum JL, Hong CHL, Rosa V, Sriram G. Characterization of silver diamine fluoride cytotoxicity using microfluidic tooth-on-a-chip and gingival equivalents. Dent Mater 2022; 38:1385-1394. [PMID: 35778310 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to characterize the cytotoxicity potential of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) on dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) and gingival equivalents. METHODS DPSC cultured on 96-well plates was exposed directly to SDF (0.0001-0.01%) and cell viability (IC50) quantified. Effect of SDF on DPSC viability under flow (with dentin barrier) conditions was evaluated using a custom-designed microfluidic "tooth-on-a-chip". Permeability of dentin discs (0.5-1.5 mm thickness) was evaluated using lucifer yellow permeation assay. Dentin discs were treated with 38% SDF (up to 3 h), and cell viability (live/dead assay) of the DPSC cultured in the inlet (unexposed) and outlet (exposed) regions of the pulp channel was evaluated. To assess the mucosal corrosion potential, gingival equivalents were treated with 38% SDF for 3 or 60 min (OECD test guideline 431) and characterized by MTT assay and histomorphometric analysis. RESULTS DPSC exposed directly to SDF showed a dose-dependent reduction in cell viability (IC50: 0.001%). Inlet channels (internal control) of the tooth-on-a-chip exposed to PBS and SDF-exposed dentin discs showed> 85% DPSC viability. In contrast, the outlet channels of SDF-exposed dentin discs showed a decreased viability of< 31% and 0% (1.5 and ≤1.0 mm thick dentin disc, respectively) (p < 0.01). The gingiva equivalents treated with SDF for 3 and 60 min demonstrated decreased epithelial integrity, loss of intercellular cohesion and corneal layer detachment with significant reduction in intact epithelial thickness (p < 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE SDF penetrated the dentin (≤1 mm thick) inducing significant death of the pulp cells. SDF also disrupted gingival epithelial integrity resulting in mucosal corrosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijia Hu
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | | | - Apurva Mishra
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kanglun Hong
- National University Centre for Oral Health Singapore, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Jing Li Lum
- National University Centre for Oral Health Singapore, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | | | - Vinicius Rosa
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore; ORCHIDS: Oral Care Health Innovations and Designs Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Gopu Sriram
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore; ORCHIDS: Oral Care Health Innovations and Designs Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Frasheri I, Grimm A, Ern C, Hickel R, Folwaczny M. In-vitro cytocompatibility of self-adhesive dual-curing resin cements on human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) and periodontal ligament cells (PDL-hTERT). Dent Mater 2022; 38:376-383. [PMID: 34996633 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Self-adhesive dual cured resin cements provide easier clinical application than conventional resin cements but release higher amounts of unreacted monomers, potentially affecting their biocompatibility. This study aimed to compare the cytotoxic effects of self-adhesive dual cured resin cements with two conventional resin cements. METHODS Samples of four resin cements, two self-adhesive dual cured cements (group A: RelyX Unicem, group B: SmartCem), and two conventional resin cements (group C: Panavia 2.0, group D: Variolink Esthetic DC) were prepared with a similar dimension under standardized polymerization conditions and stored in water. For each material 18 samples were used and cell cultures of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) or periodontal ligament cells (PDL-hTERT) were added under appropriate conditions. One experimental group (group E) was left untreated as control. A cell viability WST test, was performed in each experimental group at day 1, 7, 14 and 21. Moreover, microscopic examination of cells was performed using cell viability staining. RESULTS Viability of both cell types as determined by WST test was significantly impaired at all time periods by the four different cement materials compared to the untreated control. Comparison between the four materials revealed different inhibition of the viability of both, PDL-hTERT and hMSC cells (group C > group B > group A > group D; p < 0.0001). SIGNIFICANCE All resin-based cements caused significant impairment of cell viability, reflecting considerable cytotoxicity. Variolink caused significantly smaller changes of viability than the other tested materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Frasheri
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Goethestr. 70, D-80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Alexandra Grimm
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Goethestr. 70, D-80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Ern
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Goethestr. 70, D-80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Reinhard Hickel
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Goethestr. 70, D-80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Folwaczny
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Goethestr. 70, D-80336 Munich, Germany.
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De Angelis F, Sarteur N, Buonvivere M, Vadini M, Šteffl M, D'Arcangelo C. Meta-analytical analysis on components released from resin-based dental materials. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:6015-6041. [PMID: 35870020 PMCID: PMC9525379 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04625-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Resin-based materials are applied in every branch of dentistry. Due to their tendency to release substances in the oral environment, doubts have been raised about their actual safety. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the last decade literature regarding the concentrations of elutable substances released from dental resin-based materials in different type of solvents. MATERIALS AND METHODS All the literature published on dental journals between January 2010 and April 2022 was searched using international databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science). Due to strict inclusion criteria, only 23 papers out of 877 were considered eligible. The concentration of eluted substances related to surface and volume of the sample was analyzed, considering data at 24 h as a reference. The total cumulative release was examined as well. RESULTS The most eluted substances were HEMA, TEGDMA, and BPA, while the less eluted were Bis-GMA and UDMA. Organic solvents caused significantly higher release of substances than water-based ones. A statistically significant inverse correlation between the release of molecules and their molecular mass was observed. A statistically significant positive correlation between the amount of released molecule and the specimen surface area was detected, as well as a weak positive correlation between the release and the specimen volume. CONCLUSIONS Type of solvent, molecular mass of eluates, and specimen surface and volume affect substances release from materials. CLINICAL RELEVANCE It could be advisable to rely on materials based on monomers with a reduced elution tendency for clinical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco De Angelis
- Unit of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Dentistry, "G. D'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Nela Sarteur
- Unit of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Dentistry, "G. D'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Matteo Buonvivere
- Unit of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Dentistry, "G. D'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mirco Vadini
- Unit of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Dentistry, "G. D'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Michal Šteffl
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Camillo D'Arcangelo
- Unit of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Dentistry, "G. D'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
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da Silva DC, Vaz LG, Tavares WLF, Vieira LQ, de Oliveira RR, Sobrinho APR. Cytotoxicity of two self-adhesive resin cements and their interference in the phagocytic activity of murine macrophages. Restor Dent Endod 2022; 47:e31. [PMID: 36090510 PMCID: PMC9436648 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2022.47.e31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to evaluate in vitro the effects of the self-adhesive resin cements RelyX U200 (3M ESPE) and seT PP (SDI Limited) on murine macrophages and the interference of the photoactivation. Materials and Methods Cell viability assays, cell adherence, yeast phagocytosis of Saccharomyces boulardii and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were performed in the presence of capillaries containing the respective self-adhesive cement when photoactivated or not. Results After long periods of contact, both types of cements, when not photoactivated, are more cytotoxic for macrophages. The seT PP cement when only chemically activated seems to interfere more negatively in the process of phagocytosis of yeasts S. boulardii. Both types of cements interfere in the cell adhesion process, independent of photoactivation. None of the types of cements tested was able to induce the production of ROS. Conclusions Our results highlight the great importance of the photoactivation of self-adhesive resin cements in the dental clinic, since RelyX U200, when photoactivated, presented the best results within the evaluated parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Couto da Silva
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Gomes Vaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Warley Luciano Fonseca Tavares
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Leda Quercia Vieira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Reis de Oliveira
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Antônio Paulino Ribeiro Sobrinho
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Novel Bioactive Adhesive Monomer CMET Promotes Odontogenic Differentiation and Dentin Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312728. [PMID: 34884533 PMCID: PMC8657467 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro effect of the novel bioactive adhesive monomer CMET, a calcium salt of 4-methacryloxyethyl trimellitate acid (4-MET), on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) and its capacity to induce tertiary dentin formation in a rat pulp injury model. Aqueous solutions of four tested materials [4-MET, CMET, Ca(OH)2, and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)] were added to the culture medium upon confluence, and solvent (dH2O) was used as a control. Cell proliferation was assessed using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, and cell differentiation was evaluated by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The mineralization-inducing capacity was evaluated using alizarin red S staining and an alkaline phosphatase activity assay. For an in vivo experiment, a mechanical pulp exposure model was prepared on Wistar rats; damaged pulp was capped with Ca(OH)2 or CMET. Cavities were sealed with composite resin, and specimens were assessed after 14 and 28 days. The in vitro results showed that CMET exhibited the lowest cytotoxicity and highest odontogenic differentiation capacity among all tested materials. The favorable outcome on cell mineralization after treatment with CMET involved p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinases signaling. The nuclear factor kappa B pathway was involved in the CMET-induced mRNA expression of odontogenic markers. Similar to Ca(OH)2, CMET produced a continuous hard tissue bridge at the pulp exposure site, but treatment with only CMET produced a regular dentinal tubule pattern. The findings suggest that (1) the evaluated novel bioactive adhesive monomer provides favorable biocompatibility and odontogenic induction capacity and that (2) CMET might be a very promising adjunctive for pulp-capping materials.
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Cardoso M, Coelho A, Marto CM, Gonçalves AC, Paula A, Ribeiro ABS, Ferreira MM, Botelho MF, Laranjo M, Carrilho E. Effects of Adper ™ Scotchbond ™ 1 XT, Clearfil ™ SE Bond 2 and Scotchbond ™ Universal in Odontoblasts. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:6435. [PMID: 34771964 PMCID: PMC8585417 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the cytotoxicity of commercially available adhesive strategies-etch-and-rinse (Adper™ Scotchbond™ 1 XT, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA, SB1), self-etch (Clearfil™ SE Bond 2, Kuraray Noritake Dental Inc., Tokyo, Japan, CSE), and universal (Scotchbond™ Universal, 3M Deutschland GmbH, Neuss, Germany, SBU). MDPC-23 cells were exposed to adhesives extracts in different concentrations and exposure times. To access cell metabolic activity, viability, types of cell death, and cell cycle, the MTT assay, SRB assay, double labeling with annexin V and propidium iodide, and labeling with propidium iodide/RNAse were performed, respectively. Cultures were stained with May-Grünwald Giemsa for qualitative cytotoxicity assessment. The SB1, CSE, and SBU extracts determined a significant reduction in cell metabolism and viability. This reduction was higher for prolonged exposures, even for less concentrated extracts. CSE extracts significantly reduced the cell's metabolic activity at higher concentrations (50% and 100%) from 2 h of exposure. After 24 and 96 h, a metabolic activity reduction was verified for all adhesives, even at lower concentrations. These changes were dependent on the adhesive, its concentration, and the incubation time. Regarding cell viability, SBU extracts were the least cytotoxic, and CSE was significantly more cytotoxic than SB1 and SBU. The adhesives determined a reduction in viable cells and an increase in apoptotic, late apoptosis/necrosis, and necrotic cells. Moreover, on cultures exposed to SB1 and CSE extracts, a decrease in the cells in S and G2/M phases and an increase in the cells in G0/G1 phase was observed. Exposure to SBU led to an increase of cells in the S phase. In general, all adhesives determined cytotoxicity. CSE extracts were the most cytotoxic and were classified as having a higher degree of reactivity, leading to more significant inhibition of cell growth and destruction of the cell's layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Cardoso
- Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.C.); (C.M.M.); (A.P.); (E.C.)
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.F.B.); (M.L.)
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (A.B.S.R.); (M.M.F.)
| | - Ana Coelho
- Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.C.); (C.M.M.); (A.P.); (E.C.)
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (A.B.S.R.); (M.M.F.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos Miguel Marto
- Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.C.); (C.M.M.); (A.P.); (E.C.)
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.F.B.); (M.L.)
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (A.B.S.R.); (M.M.F.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Cristina Gonçalves
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (A.B.S.R.); (M.M.F.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology (LOH), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Anabela Paula
- Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.C.); (C.M.M.); (A.P.); (E.C.)
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (A.B.S.R.); (M.M.F.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Bela Sarmento Ribeiro
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (A.B.S.R.); (M.M.F.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology (LOH), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Manuel Marques Ferreira
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (A.B.S.R.); (M.M.F.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Endodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Filomena Botelho
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.F.B.); (M.L.)
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (A.B.S.R.); (M.M.F.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Laranjo
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.F.B.); (M.L.)
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (A.B.S.R.); (M.M.F.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Eunice Carrilho
- Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.C.); (C.M.M.); (A.P.); (E.C.)
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (A.B.S.R.); (M.M.F.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
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Guedes FR, Bonvicini JFS, de Souza GL, da Silva WHT, Moura CCG, Paranhos LR, Turrioni AP. Cytotoxicity and dentin composition alterations promoted by different chemomechanical caries removal agents: A preliminary in vitro study. J Clin Exp Dent 2021; 13:e826-e834. [PMID: 34512923 PMCID: PMC8412812 DOI: 10.4317/jced.58208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The use of chemomechanical agents for caries removal has been indicated as a non-invasive treatment option; however, their possible deleterious effects on the dental-pulp complex have been insufficiently studied. This study assessed the direct cytotoxicity of two chemomechanical caries removal agents (Brix 3000™ - BX and Papacarie Duo™ - PD) on pulp cells from deciduous teeth, as well as to assess the morphology and chemical compositions of the dentin surface after the application of these materials. Material and Methods The cells were seeded (50,000 cells/cm²) in a culture medium (DMEM with 10% fetal bovine serum - FBS). After 24 hours, the BX and PD materials were added to 1:20, 1:100, and 1:1000 dilutions. Non-exposed cells were considered as the control group. The viability test (MTT), Trypan Blue assay (TB), and cell morphology (Scanning Electron Microscopy - SEM) were performed after 24 hours of agent application. For the SEM and chemical (energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry - EDS) dentin evaluation, 0.3-mm-thick dentin discs were obtained and divided into control group (no treatment) and surfaces covered with 37% phosphoric acid, BX, or PD. Data were compared by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (p<0.05). Results Decreases in cell viability and numbers of viable cells were observed for both materials, at all dilutions, when compared with the control group (p<0.05). The BX and PD materials did not cause visually perceptible changes, according to SEM, on the surfaces of dentin discs. The EDS analysis did not indicate a statistically significant difference in the levels of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) between the materials and the control group (p>0.05). Conclusions Both materials showed cytotoxicity when in direct contact with the pulp cells from deciduous teeth, and the BX material presented lower cytotoxicity than the PD material. Moreover, both materials did not significantly change the dentin composition. Key words:Cell culture, cytotoxicity, dental pulp, papacarie, primary teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda-Rodrigues Guedes
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriela-Leite de Souza
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luiz-Renato Paranhos
- Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana-Paula Turrioni
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
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Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects of Composite Resins on Cultured Human Gingival Fibroblasts. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14185225. [PMID: 34576450 PMCID: PMC8468467 DOI: 10.3390/ma14185225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of five commercially available dental composite resins (CRs), investigating the effect of their quantifiable bisphenol-A-glycidyl-methacrylate (Bis-GMA) and/or triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) release. Experiments were performed using the method of soaking extracts, which were derived from the immersion of the following CRs in the culture medium: Clearfil-Majesty-ES-2, GrandioSO, and Enamel-plus-HRi (Bis-GMA-based); Enamel-BioFunction and VenusDiamond (Bis-GMA-free). Human Gingival Fibroblasts (hGDFs) were employed as the cellular model to mimic in vitro the oral cavity milieu, where CRs simultaneously release various components. Cell metabolic activity, oxidative stress, and genotoxicity were used as cellular outcomes. Results showed that only VenusDiamond and Enamel-plus-HRi significantly affected the hGDF cell metabolic activity. In accordance with this, although no CR-derived extract induced a significantly detectable oxidative stress, only VenusDiamond and Enamel-plus-HRi induced significant genotoxicity. Our findings showed, for the CRs employed, a cytotoxic and genotoxic potential that did not seem to depend only on the actual Bis-GMA or TEGDMA content. Enamel-BioFunction appeared optimal in terms of cytotoxicity, and similar findings were observed for Clearfil-Majesty-ES-2 despite their different Bis-GMA/TEGDMA release patterns. This suggested that simply excluding one specific monomer from the CR formulation might not steadily turn out as a successful approach for improving their biocompatibility.
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Agha A, Parker S, Parkinson EK, Patel M. Characteristics of experimental resin-modified glass-ionomer cements, containing alternate monomers to HEMA. Dent Mater 2021; 37:1542-1552. [PMID: 34462139 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Resin-modified glass ionomer cements (RMGICs) present several advantages (e.g. fluoride release), but their reported cytotoxicity has been associated with hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) monomer release. Therefore, different monomers were tested for use in RMGICs in order to improve their biocompatibility and reduce monomer release. METHODS Eight experimental liquid compositions were prepared replacing different percentages of HEMA (conventional monomer used in commercial RMGICs) with hydroxypropyl-methacrylate (HPM) and/or tetrahydrofurfuryl-methacrylate (THFM), which are known to have better biocompatibility. Moreover, two commercial materials (Fuji-Plus and RelyX) and two compositions, based on these (home), were included as controls. Monomer release of all materials (commercial, home and experimental) were tested using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods after immersing discs in deionized-water (DW) or ethanol:DW. Cytotoxicity of the materials extracts was tested on normal human oral fibroblast line (NHOF-1) using 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) assay. RESULTS Three experimental materials containing THFM (F3, R3 and R4) showed less or similar monomer release compared to corresponding commercial products. Furthermore, two experimental materials (F3 and F4) showed similar effects on NHOF-1 cells compared to the negative control medium. SIGNIFICANCE The lower monomer release and higher cell viability of some experimental THFM compositions are encouraging. THFM partially replacing HEMA is potentially a suitable alternative for producing biocompatible RMGICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani Agha
- Centre for Oral Bioengineering, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom.
| | - Sandra Parker
- Centre for Oral Bioengineering, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Kenneth Parkinson
- Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, E1 2AT, United Kingdom
| | - Mangala Patel
- Centre for Oral Bioengineering, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
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Platform technologies for regenerative endodontics from multifunctional biomaterials to tooth-on-a-chip strategies. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:4749-4779. [PMID: 34181097 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04013-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this review is to highlight recent progress in the field of biomaterials-mediated dental pulp tissue engineering. Specifically, we aim to underscore the critical design criteria of biomaterial platforms that are advantageous for pulp tissue engineering, discuss models for preclinical evaluation, and present new and innovative multifunctional strategies that hold promise for clinical translation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The current article is a comprehensive overview of recent progress over the last 5 years. In detail, we surveyed the literature in regenerative pulp biology, including novel biologic and biomaterials approaches, and those that combined multiple strategies, towards more clinically relevant models. PubMed searches were performed using the keywords: "regenerative dentistry," "dental pulp regeneration," "regenerative endodontics," and "dental pulp therapy." RESULTS Significant contributions to the field of regenerative dentistry have been made in the last 5 years, as evidenced by a significant body of publications. We chose exemplary studies that we believe are progressive towards clinically translatable solutions. We close this review with an outlook towards the future of pulp regeneration strategies and their clinical translation. CONCLUSIONS Current clinical treatments lack functional and predictable pulp regeneration and are more focused on the treatment of the consequences of pulp exposure, rather than the restoration of healthy dental pulp. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Clinically, there is great demand for bioinspired biomaterial strategies that are safe, efficacious, and easy to use, and clinicians are eager for their clinical translation. In particular, we place emphasis on strategies that combine favorable angiogenesis, mineralization, and functional tissue formation, while limiting immune reaction, risk of microbial infection, and pulp necrosis.
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Diemer F, Stark H, Helfgen EH, Enkling N, Probstmeier R, Winter J, Kraus D. In vitro cytotoxicity of different dental resin-cements on human cell lines. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2021; 32:4. [PMID: 33471194 PMCID: PMC7817560 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-020-06471-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Adhesive resin-cements are increasingly used in modern dentistry. Nevertheless, released substances from resin materials have been shown to cause cellular toxic effects. Disc-shaped specimens from 12 different resin cements and one conventional zinc phosphate cement were prepared and used for direct stimulation of five different human cell lines via transwell cell culture system or in an indirect way using conditioned cell culture media. Cytotoxicity was determined using LDH and BCA assays. All tested cements led to a decrease of cell viability but to a distinct extent depending on cell type, luting material, and cytotoxicity assay. In general, cements exhibited a more pronounced cytotoxicity in direct stimulation experiments compared to stimulations using conditioned media. Interestingly, the conventional zinc phosphate cement showed the lowest impact on cell viability. On cellular level, highest cytotoxic effects were detected in osteoblastic cell lines. All resin cements reduced cell viability of human cells with significant differences depending on cell type and cement material. Especially, osteoblastic cells demonstrated a tremendous increase of cytotoxicity after cement exposure. Although the results of this in vitro study cannot be transferred directly to a clinical setting, it shows that eluted substances from resin cements may disturb osteoblastic homeostasis that in turn could lead to conditions favoring peri-implant bone destruction. Thus, the wide use of resin cements in every clinical situation should be scrutinized. A correct use with complete removal of all cement residues and a sufficient polymerization should be given the utmost attention in clinical usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freya Diemer
- Department of Oral Surgery, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Helmut Stark
- Department of Prosthodontics, Preclinical Education and Dental Materials Science, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ernst-Heinrich Helfgen
- Department of Prosthodontics, Preclinical Education and Dental Materials Science, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Norbert Enkling
- Department of Prosthodontics, Preclinical Education and Dental Materials Science, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rainer Probstmeier
- Neuro- and Tumor Cell Biology Group, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jochen Winter
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dominik Kraus
- Department of Prosthodontics, Preclinical Education and Dental Materials Science, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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Qiu YJ, Tang J, Saito T. A novel bio-active adhesive monomer induces odontoblast differentiation: a comparative study. Int Endod J 2021; 53:1413-1429. [PMID: 33460206 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the in vitro effect of the novel adhesive monomer CMET, a calcium salt of 4-methacryloxyethyl trimellitate (4-MET), on the proliferation, mineralization and differentiation of odontoblast-like cells, comparing with 4-MET, calcium hydroxide (CH) and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). METHODOLOGY Rat odontoblast-like MDPC-23 cells were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) supplemented with 5% foetal bovine serum. The powder of four tested materials (CMET, 4-MET, CH and MTA) was first dissolved in distilled water (dH2O) and then was diluted by DMEM to yield final concentrations. Solvent (dH2O) was used as a control. Cell viability was assessed using CCK-8 assay. Real-time RT-PCR was used to quantify the mRNA expression of odontogenic markers, cytokines and integrins. Mineralization inducing capacity was evaluated by alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) activity and alizarin red S staining. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way anova and post hoc Tukey's HSD test, with the significance level at 1%. RESULTS Cell viability was significantly greater in the CMET- (83 to 828 mmol L-1), CH- and MTA-treated (low concentrations) groups than that in the control group (P < 0.01). Higher concentrations of each material decreased the viable cells to different extents (P < 0.01). CMET treatment augmented the expression of several integrin subunits and exhibited the highest mRNA expression levels of odontogenic markers among all groups (P < 0.01). CH and MTA treatment caused significantly greater upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines expression than the other groups (P < 0.01). The calcific deposition of MDPC-23 cells was dose-dependently accelerated by the addition of CMET (P < 0.01); the enhancement of mineralization was also found in the fresh prepared CH and MTA treatments. Besides, CMET showed consistency in mineralization induction after 8 weeks storage. Exposure to SB202190, a specific p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases inhibitor, significantly decreased the ALPase activity as well as the mineral deposition which was enhanced by CMET treatment (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The novel bio-active monomer had the lowest cytotoxicity among all groups and it induced the proliferation, mineralization and differentiation of odontoblast-like cells under appropriate concentrations. This adhesive monomer possesses excellent biocompatibility and hence exhibits great potential in dentine regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Qiu
- Division of Clinical Cariology and Endodontology, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - J Tang
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - T Saito
- Division of Clinical Cariology and Endodontology, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan
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Şişmanoğlu S, Demirci M, Schweikl H, Ozen-Eroglu G, Cetin-Aktas E, Kuruca S, Tuncer S, Tekce N. Cytotoxic effects of different self-adhesive resin cements: Cell viability and induction of apoptosis. J Adv Prosthodont 2020; 12:89-99. [PMID: 32377322 PMCID: PMC7183849 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2020.12.2.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The effects of four different self-adhesive resin cement materials on cell viability and apoptosis after direct and indirect exposure were evaluated using different cell culture techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS Self-adhesive cements were applied to NIH/3T3 mouse fibroblasts by the extract test method, cell culture inserts, and dentin barrier test method. After exposure periods of 24 h and 72 h, the cytotoxicity of these self-adhesive materials was evaluated using the MTT assay (viability) and the Annexin-V-FITC/PI staining (apoptosis). RESULTS The lowest cell viability was found in cells exposed to BeautiCem SA for 24 h in the extract test method. Cell viability was reduced to 70.6% compared to negative controls. After the 72 h exposure period, viability rate of cell cultures exposed to BeautiCem SA decreased more than 2- fold (29.5%) while cells exposed to RelyX U200 showed the highest viability rate of 71.4%. In the dentin barrier test method, BeautiCem SA induced the highest number of cells in apoptosis after a 24 h exposure (4.1%). Panavia SA Cement Plus was the material that caused the lowest number of cells in apoptosis (1.5%). CONCLUSION The used self-adhesive cements have showed different cytotoxic effects based on the evaluation method. As exposure time increased, the materials showed more cytotoxic and apoptotic effects. BeautiCem SA caused significantly more severe cytotoxic and apoptotic effects than other cements tested. Moreover, cements other than BeautiCem SA have caused necrotic cell death rather than apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soner Şişmanoğlu
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Altınbaş University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Demirci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Helmut Schweikl
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Regensburg Medical Centre, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gunes Ozen-Eroglu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esin Cetin-Aktas
- Department of Immunology, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serap Kuruca
- Department of Physiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Safa Tuncer
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Tekce
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Oguz EI, Hasanreisoglu U, Uctasli S, Özcan M, Kiyan M. Effect of various polymerization protocols on the cytotoxicity of conventional and self-adhesive resin-based luting cements. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 24:1161-1170. [PMID: 31327082 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-02980-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the cytotoxicity of resin-based luting cements on fibroblast cells using different polymerization protocols. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two conventional dual-polymerized (RelyX ARC, VariolinkN) and two self-adhesive resin cements (RelyX Unicem, Multilink Speed) specimens were polymerized using four different polymerization protocols: (a) photo-polymerization with direct light application, (b) photo-polymerization over ceramic and (c) resin nano-ceramic discs and (d) auto-polymerization. The specimens were then assigned to four groups to test cytotoxicity at 0, 1, 2 and 7 preincubation days (n = 5). MTT test was performed using NIH/3T3 fibroblast cells. Data were analysed using three- and one-way ANOVA. Multiple comparisons were made using Bonferroni post hoc test (p < 0.05). RESULTS The highest cytotoxic values were recorded at day 2 for conventional resin cements and at day 0 for self-adhesive resin cements. Self-adhesive resin cements showed the most cytotoxic effect at the second day, while conventional resin cements presented immediate cytotoxicity. Auto-polymerized resin specimens and especially Multilink Speed demonstrated the most cytotoxic effect regardless of the preincubation time. Cytotoxicity of cements tested reached the lowest level at day 7. Interposition of ceramic or nano-ceramic restorative material did not significantly affect the cytotoxicity of tested luting cements (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Cytotoxicity of dual-polymerized resin cements was material-dependent and decreased gradually up to 7 days. Photo-polymerization plays an important role in reducing the cytotoxic effects. CLINICAL RELEVANCE When luting ceramic or resin nano-ceramic restorations of which thickness does not exceed 2 mm, the level of cytotoxicity with the tested materials is not significant. Luting of restorative materials that do not allow for light transmission such as metal-fused porcelain, clinicians should be cautious in the use of dual-polymerized conventional resin cements as only auto-polymerization of resin cements takes place under such materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Irem Oguz
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Ufuk Hasanreisoglu
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sadullah Uctasli
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mutlu Özcan
- Dental Materials Unit, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, Clinic for Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics and Dental Materials Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mehmet Kiyan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Alvarez MMP, Carvalho RGD, Barbosa SCDA, Polassi MR, Nascimento FD, D'Alpino PHP, Tersariol ILDS. Oxidative stress induced by self-adhesive resin cements affects gene expression, cellular proliferation and mineralization potential of the MDPC-23 odontoblast-like cells. Dent Mater 2019; 35:606-616. [PMID: 30808560 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clinical issues have been raised about problems related to cytotoxic effects caused when applying self-adhesive cement. It was hypothesized that byproducts eluted from self-adhesive cements modulate oxidative stress response, the gene expression of signaling pathways of inflammatory process/transcriptional activators, and the expression and activity of interstitial collagenases, and modify the phenotypic characteristics of cellular proliferation and mineral deposition in odontoblastic-like cells. METHODS Cements (MaxCem Elite [MAX] and RelyX U200 [U200)]) were mixed, dispensed into moulds, and photoactivated according to the manufacturers' instructions. Immortalized rat odontoblast-like cells (MDPC-23) were cultured and exposed to polymerized specimens of cements for 4 h. Reactive oxidative specimen production and quantification of gene expression were evaluated. Cell proliferation assay and alizarin red staining were also performed to evaluate the disturbance induced by the cements on cellular proliferation and mineralization. RESULTS Despite their cytotoxic effects, both self-adhesive cements influenced the metabolism in the odontoblast cells on different scales. MAX induced significantly higher oxidative stress in odontoblast cells than U200. Gene expression varied as a function of exposure to self-adhesive cements; MAX induced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, whereas U200 downregulated, virtually depleted TNF-α expression, also inducing overexpression of the transcriptional factor Runx2. Overexpression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and thioredoxin reductase 1 (TRXR1) occurred after exposure to both cements, antioxidant genes that are downstream of Keap1-Nrf2-ARE system. MAX significantly induced the overexpression of collagenase MMP-1, and U200 induced the expression of gelatinase MMP-2. MAX significantly inhibited cell proliferation whereas U200 significantly activated cell proliferation. Alizarin red staining revealed significantly decreased mineral deposition especially when exposed to MAX. SIGNIFICANCE These results support the hypothesis that byproducts of different self-adhesive cements play important roles in the highly orchestrated process which ultimately affect the cellular proliferation and the mineral deposition in odontoblastic-like cells, possibly delaying the reparative dentin formation after cementation of indirect restorations, especially on recently exposed dentin preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mackeler Ramos Polassi
- Biotechnology and Innovation in Health Program, Universidade Anhanguera de São Paulo (UNIAN-SP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fábio Dupart Nascimento
- Interdisciplinary Center of Biochemistry Investigation, University of Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, SP, Brazil.
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Daood U, Yiu C. Transdentinal cytotoxicity and macrophage phenotype of a novel quaternary ammonium silane cavity disinfectant. Dent Mater 2019; 35:206-216. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Cytotoxicity of Self-Adhesive Resin Cements on Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2018:7823467. [PMID: 30627569 PMCID: PMC6304575 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7823467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential cytotoxicity of self-adhesive resin cements with or without light irradiation on human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPDLFs) in vitro. Three self-adhesive resin cements (RelyX U200, Maxcem Elite and Multilink Speed) were cured with light or not. Cured cements were stored at 37°C for 24 h in water or Dulbecco's modified eagle medium (DMEM) medium. Their chromatographic analysis of water-based extract solution was made and then the DMEM-based extract solution was diluted in complete DMEM {1:5, 1:10, 1:20, 1:40, 1:80 (v/v)} for evaluating cell relative growth rate and cell apoptosis/necrosis rate of HPDLFs. The data was analyzed by one-way ANOVA and independent T test. Regardless of light irradiation, cell relative growth rate increased, and the apoptosis/necrosis rate of each resin cement decreased with the increase of gradient dilution. Regardless of gradient dilution, the cell relative growth rate and apoptosis/necrosis rate of RelyX U200 and Maxcem Elite with light irradiation were higher than those without light irradiation. Besides, without light irradiation, Multilink Speed showed higher cell relative growth rate and lower apoptosis/necrosis rate than other cements. Light irradiation and composition difference of self-adhesive resin cements could affect their cytotoxicity on HPDLFs.
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Effect of matrix metalloproteinase 8 inhibitor and chlorhexidine on the cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and cytokine level of MDPC-23. Dent Mater 2018; 34:e301-e308. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.08.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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In-vitro transdentinal diffusion of monomers from adhesives. J Dent 2018; 75:91-97. [PMID: 29864446 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2018.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Biocompatibility of adhesives is important since adhesives may be applied on dentin near the pulp. Accurate knowledge of the quantity of monomers reaching the pulp is important to determine potential side effects. The aim of this study was to assess the transdentinal diffusion of residual monomers from dental adhesive systems using an in-vitro pulp chamber model. METHODS Dentin disks with a thickness of 300 μm were produced from human third molars. These disks were fixed between two open glass tubes, representing an in-vitro pulp chamber. The etch-and-rinse adhesive OptiBond FL and the self-etch adhesive Clearfil SE Bond were applied to the dentin side of the disks, while on in the pulpal side, the glass tube was filled with 600 μl water. The transdentinal diffusion of different monomers was quantified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS The monomers HEMA, CQ, BisGMA, GPDM, 10-MDP and UDMA eluted from the dental materials and were able to diffuse through the dentin disks to a certain extent. Compounds with a lower molecular weight (uncured group: HEMA 7850 nmol and CQ 78.2 nmol) were more likely to elute and diffuse compared to monomers with a higher molecular weight (uncured group: BisGMA 0.42 nmol). When the adhesives were left uncured, diffusion was up to 10 times higher compared to the cured conditions. CONCLUSIONS This in-vitro research resulted in the quantification of various monomers able to diffuse through dentin and therefore contributes to a more detailed understanding about the potential exposure of the dental pulp to monomers from dental adhesives. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Biocompatibility of adhesives is important since adhesives may be applied on dentin near the pulp, where tubular density and diameter are greatest.
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Collado-González M, Pecci-Lloret MR, Tomás-Catalá CJ, García-Bernal D, Oñate-Sánchez RE, Llena C, Forner L, Rosa V, Rodríguez-Lozano FJ. Thermo-setting glass ionomer cements promote variable biological responses of human dental pulp stem cells. Dent Mater 2018; 34:932-943. [PMID: 29650250 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the in vitro cytotoxicity of Equia Forte (GC, Tokyo, Japan) and Ionostar Molar (Voco, Cuxhaven, Germany) on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). METHODS hDPSCs isolated from third molars were exposed to several dilutions of Equia Forte and Ionostar Molar eluates (1/1, 1/2 and 1/4). These eluates were obtained by storing material samples in respective cell culture medium for 24h (n=40). hDPSCs in basal growth culture medium were the control. Cell viability and cell migration assays were performed using the MTT and wound-healing assays, respectively. Also, induction of apoptosis and changes in cell phenotype were evaluated by flow cytometry. Changes in cell morphology were analysed by immunocytofluorescence staining. To evaluate cell attachment to the different materials, hDPSCs were directly seeded onto the material surfaces and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The chemical composition of the materials was determined by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and eluates were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Statistical analysis was performed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Student's t-test (α<0.05). RESULTS Undiluted Equia Forte extracts led to a similar cell proliferation rates than the control group from 72h onwards. There were no significance differences between Equia Forte and Ionostar Molar in terms of cell apoptosis and phenotype. However, in presence of Equia extracts the migration capacity of hDPSCs was higher than in presence of Ionostar Molar (p<0.05). Also, SEM studies showed a higher degree of cell attachment when Equia Forte extracts were used. Finally, EDX analysis pointed to different weight percentages of C, O and Ca ions in glass ionomer cements, while other elements such as La, Al, Si, W, Mo and F were also detected. SIGNIFICANCE In summary, Equia Forte promoted better biological responses in hDPSCs than Ionostar Molar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Collado-González
- Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Arrixaca, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Christopher J Tomás-Catalá
- Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Arrixaca, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain; School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - David García-Bernal
- Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Arrixaca, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Carmen Llena
- Department of Stomatology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Leopoldo Forner
- Department of Stomatology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vinicius Rosa
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Francisco J Rodríguez-Lozano
- Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Arrixaca, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain; School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
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Pacifici A, Laino L, Gargari M, Guzzo F, Velandia Luz A, Polimeni A, Pacifici L. Decellularized Hydrogels in Bone Tissue Engineering: A Topical Review. Int J Med Sci 2018; 15:492-497. [PMID: 29559838 PMCID: PMC5859772 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.22789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, autograft and allograft techniques represent the main solution to improve bone repair. Unfortunately, autograft technique is expensive, invasive and subject to infections and hematoma, frequently affecting both donor sites and surgical sites. A recent advance in tissue engineering is the fabrication of cell-laden hydrogels with custom-made geometry, depending on the clinical case. The use of ECM (Extra-Cellular Matrix)-derived Hydrogels from bone tissue is the new opportunity to obtain good results in bone regeneration. Several micro-engineering techniques and approaches are available to fabricate different cell gradients and zonal structures in hydrogels design, in combination with the advancement in biomaterials selection. In this review, we analyse the stereolithografy, the Bio-patterning, the 3D bioprinting and 3D assembly, the Laser-Induced Forward Transfer Bioprinting (LIFT), the Micro-extrusion bioprinting, the promising Electrospinning technology, the Microfluidics and the Micromolding. Several mechanical properties are taken into account for bone regeneration scaffolds. However, each typology of scaffold presents some advantages and some concerns. The research on biomaterials is the most promising for bone tissue engineering: the new biomimetic materials will allow us to obtain optimal results in the next clinical application of basic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pacifici
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences La Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Laino
- Multidisciplinary department of surgical and dental specialties. University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli
| | - Marco Gargari
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Guzzo
- Department of Dentistry "Fra G.B. Orsenigo", Ospedale San Pietro FBF, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Velandia Luz
- AgEstimation Project, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Macerata, Macerata, Italy
| | - Antonella Polimeni
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Luciano Pacifici
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
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D'Alpino PHP, Moura GEDDD, Barbosa SCDA, Marques LDA, Eberlin MN, Nascimento FD, Tersariol ILDS. Differential cytotoxic effects on odontoblastic cells induced by self-adhesive resin cements as a function of the activation protocol. Dent Mater 2017; 33:1402-1415. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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TUMSCITZ DB, LAXE LAC, PASCOAL ACRF, HIRATA JUNIOR R, LINS RX. Cytotoxicity of three light-cured resin cements on 3T3 fibroblasts. REVISTA DE ODONTOLOGIA DA UNESP 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-2577.16316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Introduction Light-cured resin cements are the first choice for the cementation of laminate veneers. Ideally, they should be biocompatible and offer minimum risks to patients. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate, in vitro, the cytotoxicity of three resin cements: Variolink II, Ivoclar Vivadent (C1), Allcem Veneer, FGM (C2), and Rely X Veneer, 3M ESPE (C3). Material and method Twenty four samples of each of the cements were fabricated in a standardized metal mold, light activated, and transferred to a 96-well cell plate with culture of fibroblasts. After 24, 48, and 72h of incubation, cytotoxicity was assessed and cell viability was calculated by the methyl-thiazol-tetrazolium (MTT) colorimetric assay. Absorbance was measured at 570 nm using a microplate spectrophotometer. Result The following results were found: Variolink II presented viability of 72.24% (SD 6.80) after 24h, 83.92% (SD 5.26) after 48h, and 92.77% (SD 5.59) after 72h; Allcem Veneer exhibited viability of 70.46% (SD 12.91) after 24h, 85.03% (SD 21.4) after 48h, and 70.46% (SD 12.91) after 72h; Rely X Veneer showed viability of 5.06% (SD 0.88) after 24h, 5.84% (SD 1.18) after 48h, and 6.99% (SD 1.34) after 72h. Conclusion Under these testing conditions, Rely X Veneer presented significantly higher cytotoxicity compared with those of the other light-cured resin cements assessed.
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Cytotoxicity of GuttaFlow Bioseal, GuttaFlow2, MTA Fillapex, and AH Plus on Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells. J Endod 2017; 43:816-822. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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