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Li L, Zhai M, Cheng C, Cui S, Wang J, Zhang Z, Liu J, Wei F. Mechanically induced M2 macrophages are involved in bone remodeling of the midpalatal suture during palatal expansion. Prog Orthod 2024; 25:30. [PMID: 39098934 PMCID: PMC11298508 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-024-00529-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Palatal expansion is a common way of treating maxillary transverse deficiency. Under mechanical force, the midpalatal suture is expanded, causing local immune responses. This study aimed to determine whether macrophages participate in bone remodeling of the midpalatal suture during palatal expansion and the effects on bone remodeling. METHODS Palatal expansion model and macrophage depletion model were established. Micro-CT, histological staining, and immunohistochemical staining were used to investigate the changes in the number and phenotype of macrophages during palatal expansion as well as the effects on bone remodeling of the midpalatal suture. Additionally, the effect of mechanically induced M2 macrophages on palatal osteoblasts was also elucidated in vitro. RESULTS The number of macrophages increased significantly and polarized toward M2 phenotype with the increase of the expansion time, which was consistent with the trend of bone remodeling. After macrophage depletion, the function of osteoblasts and bone formation at the midpalatal suture were impaired during palatal expansion. In vitro, conditioned medium derived from M2 macrophages facilitated osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts and decreased the RANKL/OPG ratio. CONCLUSIONS Macrophages through polarizing toward M2 phenotype participated in midpalatal suture bone remodeling during palatal expansion, which may provide a new idea for promoting bone remodeling from the perspective of regulating macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Li
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shandong University, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Shandong, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Mingrui Zhai
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shandong University, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Shandong, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Chen Cheng
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shandong University, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Shandong, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Shuyue Cui
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shandong University, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Shandong, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Jixiao Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shandong University, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Shandong, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Zijie Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shandong University, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Shandong, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Jiani Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shandong University, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Shandong, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Fulan Wei
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shandong University, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Shandong, Jinan, 250012, China.
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Liu Y, Zhong Y, Zheng B, Liu Y. Extracellular vesicles derived from M1 macrophages enhance rat midpalatal suture expansion by promoting initial bone turnover and inflammation. Prog Orthod 2023; 24:34. [PMID: 37661233 PMCID: PMC10475451 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-023-00477-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Midpalatal suture (MPS) expansion can be affected by many factors, and researchers have attempted to regulate the initial inflammatory stage of expansion to optimize clinical outcomes and their underlying mechanisms. This study aimed to investigate the potential effects and mechanisms of M1 macrophage small extracellular vesicles during rat MPS expansion. MATERIALS AND METHODS RAW264.7 cells were induced to M1 or M2 polarization and, small extracellular vesicles were isolated from the polarized macrophages. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (6-7 weeks) were administered 70 ± 5 g expansion force devices for 7 days. Rats with expanders without force served as controls. M1/M2 small extracellular vesicles were injected into the MPS region (50 µg/day) in the M1 and M2 small extracellular vesicle-assisted groups, while 0.9% saline was injected into the expansion-only group. Suture width, bone mass, and morphological changes in the region of interest (ROI) were examined. RESULTS The M1 small extracellular vesicle-assisted group showed a significantly increased MPS suture width in vivo (P < 0.001), and less bone mass was observed in the ROI (P < 0.05). Histological examination showed that the M1 small extracellular vesicle-assisted group exhibited a wider palatal area and obvious fibrous tissue rearrangement. The expression of RANKL and the number of osteoclasts were increased (P < 0.01) in the bony edges, and the p65 protein expression was significantly higher (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS M1 macrophage-derived small extracellular vesicles have a positive effect in MPS expansion and increase p65 protein content and RANKL expression, thus promoting bone turnover. This study may contribute to the clinical application of small extracellular vesicles in the expansion of the palatal suture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110002, China
| | - Yuan Zhong
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110002, China
| | - Bowen Zheng
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110002, China.
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110002, China.
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Gao L, Xu T, Zhang L, Li Y, Yan T, Yu G, Chen F. Midpalatal Suture: Single-Cell RNA-Seq Reveals Intramembrane Ossification and Piezo2 Chondrogenic Mesenchymal Cell Involvement. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223585. [PMID: 36429014 PMCID: PMC9688242 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The midpalatal suture is mainly responsible for the growth and development of the maxillary and resistance to rapid maxillary expansion (RME). It is essential for clinical researchers to explore the intramembrane ossification and to elucidate the underlying mechanism of the maturation and ossification process of the midpalatal suture to help identify the optimum time and force of RME. However, mechanistic studies associated with the midpalatal suture are rare. The aim of this present study is to create an intramembrane osteogenesis model for the midpalatal suture region of mice. Interestingly, we discovered a type of chondrogenic mesenchymal cell expressing Piezo2, which might be related to the detection of mechanical and external stimuli. This result provides a potential molecular and cellular mechanism that explains why the midpalatal suture is not closed until adulthood. We depict a landscape of mesenchymal cells that might play an important role in the intramembrane osteogenesis of the midpalatal suture and provide new perspectives on midpalate suture maturation and ossification, which might lead to further possibilities for clinical operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Gao
- Central Laboratory, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Tiansong Xu
- Central Laboratory, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Liqi Zhang
- Central Laboratory, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuchen Li
- Central Laboratory, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tianxing Yan
- Central Laboratory, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guoxia Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing 100045, China
- Correspondence: (G.Y.); (F.C.)
| | - Feng Chen
- Central Laboratory, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
- Correspondence: (G.Y.); (F.C.)
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Jing D, Chen Z, Men Y, Yi Y, Wang Y, Wang J, Yi J, Wan L, Shen B, Feng JQ, Zhao Z, Zhao H, Li C. Response of Gli1 + Suture Stem Cells to Mechanical Force Upon Suture Expansion. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:1307-1320. [PMID: 35443291 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Normal development of craniofacial sutures is crucial for cranial and facial growth in all three dimensions. These sutures provide a unique niche for suture stem cells (SuSCs), which are indispensable for homeostasis, damage repair, as well as stress balance. Expansion appliances are now routinely used to treat underdevelopment of the skull and maxilla, stimulating the craniofacial sutures through distraction osteogenesis. However, various treatment challenges exist due to a lack of full understanding of the mechanism through which mechanical forces stimulate suture and bone remodeling. To address this issue, we first identified crucial steps in the cycle of suture and bone remodeling based on the established standard suture expansion model. Observed spatiotemporal morphological changes revealed that the remodeling cycle is approximately 3 to 4 weeks, with collagen restoration proceeding more rapidly. Next, we traced the fate of the Gli1+ SuSCs lineage upon application of tensile force in three dimensions. SuSCs were rapidly activated and greatly contributed to bone remodeling within 1 month. Furthermore, we confirmed the presence of Wnt activity within Gli1+ SuSCs based on the high co-expression ratio of Gli1+ cells and Axin2+ cells, which also indicated the homogeneity and heterogeneity of two cell groups. Because Wnt signaling in the sutures is highly upregulated upon tensile force loading, conditional knockout of β-catenin largely restricted the activation of Gli1+ SuSCs and suppressed bone remodeling under physiological and expansion conditions. Thus, we concluded that Gli1+ SuSCs play essential roles in suture and bone remodeling stimulated by mechanical force and that Wnt signaling is crucial to this process. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Jing
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zexi Chen
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China.,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Men
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yating Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuhong Wang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianru Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingyun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Shen
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China.,Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Q Feng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hu Zhao
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Chaoyuan Li
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Rapid maxillary expansion supplementary methods: A scoping review of animal studies. Int Orthod 2022; 20:100614. [PMID: 35153159 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2022.100614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Maxillary constriction is a relatively common condition. Various treatment modalities have been proposed for this condition such as rapid maxillary expansion (RME). Although RME can significantly expand the suture in a relatively short period of time, it has a number of drawbacks, mainly a lengthy retention period. The primary objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of the supplementary methods used in conjunction with RME for new bone formation (NBF) at the midpalatal suture (MPS). Relapse, bone healing, and root resorption were also studied as the secondary outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane library online databases were searched according to the PRISMA-ScR guideline. Animal studies on the effects of non-surgical supplementary methods other than laser therapy on NBF in RME were included and reviewed. RESULT Thirty-eight articles met the inclusion criteria. The supplementary methods were categorized into 6 groups: hormones, chemical agents, drugs, vitamins, proteins, and some other substances, which could not be assigned to any group. All the aforementioned substances enhanced NBF. Drugs such as bisphosphonates also increased bone resorption. The oestrogen hormone was shown to reduce treatment relapse. Lastly, stem cell application accelerated bone healing at the expanded MPS. CONCLUSION Administration of hormones, chemical agents, drugs, vitamins, herbs, and proteins may improve the outcomes of RME, shorten the retention period and consequently, reduce relapse in animals. However, the generalizability of these findings is limited due to the insubstantial number of studies published on each substance.
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N-[2-(4-Acetyl-1-Piperazinyl)Phenyl]-2-(3-Methylphenoxy)Acetamide (NAPMA) Inhibits Osteoclast Differentiation and Protects against Ovariectomy-Induced Osteoporosis. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204855. [PMID: 33096734 PMCID: PMC7587973 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts are large, multinucleated cells responsible for bone resorption and are induced in response to the regulatory activity of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL). Excessive osteoclast activity causes pathological bone loss and destruction. Many studies have investigated molecules that specifically inhibit osteoclast activity by blocking RANKL signaling or bone resorption. In recent years, we screened compounds from commercial libraries to identify molecules capable of inhibiting RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation. Consequently, we reported some compounds that are effective at attenuating osteoclast activity. In this study, we found that N-[2-(4-acetyl-1-piperazinyl)phenyl]-2-(3-methylphenoxy)acetamide (NAPMA) significantly inhibited the formation of multinucleated tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive cells from bone marrow-derived macrophages in a dose-dependent manner, without cytotoxic effects. NAPMA downregulated the expression of osteoclast-specific markers, such as c-Fos, NFATc1, DC-STAMP, cathepsin K, and MMP-9, at the transcript and protein levels. Accordingly, bone resorption and actin ring formation were decreased in response to NAPMA treatment. Furthermore, we demonstrated the protective effect of NAPMA against ovariectomy-induced bone loss using micro-CT and histological analysis. Collectively, the results showed that NAPMA inhibited osteoclast differentiation and attenuated bone resorption. It is thus a potential drug candidate for the treatment of osteoporosis and other bone diseases associated with excessive bone resorption.
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Sun J, Eleniste PP, Utreja A, Turkkahraman H, Liu SSY, Bruzzaniti A. Pyk2 deficiency enhances bone mass during midpalatal suture expansion. Orthod Craniofac Res 2020; 23:501-508. [PMID: 32562339 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if Pyk2 deficiency increases midpalatal suture bone mass and preserves sutural integrity after maxillary expansion. SETTING AND SAMPLE Thirty-six male Pyk2 knockout (KO) and control (WT) mice at 6 weeks of age. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice received nickel-titanium spring expanders delivering 0 g (no intervention control), 10 or 20 g force for 14 days. High-resolution micro-CT was used to determine bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV), sutural width and intermolar width. Effects on osteoclasts, chondrocytes and suture morphology were determined by histomorphometry. RESULTS Pyk2-KO controls (0 g) had 7% higher BV/TV compared with WT controls. Expanded Pyk2-KO maxillae also exhibited 12% (10 g) and 18% (20 g) higher BV/TV than WT mice. Although bone loss following expansion occurred in both genotypes, BV/TV was decreased to a greater extent in WT maxillae (-10% at 10g; -22% at 20 g) compared with Pyk2-KO maxillae (-11% only at 20 g). Expanded WT maxillae also showed a greater increase in sutural width, intermolar width and fibrous connective tissue width compared with expanded Pyk2-KO maxillae. Moreover, osteoclast number was increased 77% (10 g) and 132% (20 g) in expanded WT maxillae, but remained unchanged in expanded Pyk2-KO, compared to their respective controls. Cartilage area and chondrocyte number were increased to the same extent in expanded WT and Pyk2-KO sutures. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that midpalatal suture expansion increases osteoclast formation in WT but not Pyk2-KO mice, leading to higher BV/TV in expanded Pyk2-KO maxillae. These studies suggest Pyk2-targeted strategies may be beneficial to increase bone density and preserve sutural integrity during maxillary expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sun
- Department of Prosthodontics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Pierre P Eleniste
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Achint Utreja
- Department of Orthodontics and Oral Facial Genetics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Hakan Turkkahraman
- Department of Orthodontics and Oral Facial Genetics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sean Shih-Yao Liu
- Department of Orthodontics and Oral Facial Genetics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Angela Bruzzaniti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Ahn SH, Chen Z, Lee J, Lee SW, Min SH, Kim ND, Lee TH. Inhibitory Effects of 2N1HIA (2-(3-(2-Fluoro-4-Methoxyphenyl)-6-Oxo-1(6H)-Pyridazinyl)- N-1H-Indol-5-Ylacetamide) on Osteoclast Differentiation via Suppressing Cathepsin K Expression. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123139. [PMID: 30501117 PMCID: PMC6321589 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts are large multinucleated cells which are induced by the regulation of the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL), which is important in bone resorption. Excessive osteoclast differentiation can cause pathologic bone loss and destruction. Numerous studies have targeted molecules inhibiting RANKL signaling or bone resorption activity. In this study, 11 compounds from commercial libraries were examined for their effect on RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation. Of these compounds, only 2-(3-(2-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)-6-oxo-1(6H)-pyridazinyl)-N-1H-indol-5-ylacetamide (2N1HIA) caused a significant decrease in multinucleated tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive cell formation in a dose-dependent manner, without inducing cytotoxicity. The 2N1HIA compound neither affected the expression of osteoclast-specific gene markers such as TRAF6, NFATc1, RANK, OC-STAMP, and DC-STAMP, nor the RANKL signaling pathways, including p38, ERK, JNK, and NF-κB. However, 2N1HIA exhibited a significant impact on the expression levels of CD47 and cathepsin K, the early fusion marker and critical protease for bone resorption, respectively. The activity of matrix metalloprotease-9 (MMP-9) decreased due to 2N1HIA treatment. Accordingly, bone resorption activity and actin ring formation decreased in the presence of 2N1HIA. Taken together, 2N1HIA acts as an inhibitor of osteoclast differentiation by attenuating bone resorption activity and may serve as a potential candidate in preventing and/or treating osteoporosis, or other bone diseases associated with excessive bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Hee Ahn
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
| | - Zhihao Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine (BK21plus), Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
| | - Jinkyung Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine (BK21plus), Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
| | - Seok-Woo Lee
- Department of Dental Education and Periodontology, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
| | - Sang Hyun Min
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Korea.
| | - Nam Doo Kim
- NDBio Therapeutics Inc., S24 Floor, Songdogwahak-ro 32, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21984, Korea.
| | - Tae-Hoon Lee
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
- Department of Molecular Medicine (BK21plus), Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
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Zhang J, Xu S, Zhang Y, Zou S, Li X. Effects of equibiaxial mechanical stretch on extracellular matrix-related gene expression in human calvarial osteoblasts. Eur J Oral Sci 2018; 127:10-18. [PMID: 30474904 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical stretch commonly promotes craniofacial suture remodeling during interceptive orthodontics. The mechanical responses of osteoblasts in craniofacial sutures play a role in suture remodeling. Moreover, the extracellular matrix (ECM) produced by osteoblasts is crucial for the transduction of mechanical signals that promote cell differentiation. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of mechanical stretch on cell viability and ECM-related gene-expression changes in human osteoblasts. Human calvarial osteoblasts (HCObs) were subjected to 2% deformation. Caspase activity, MTT, and cell viability assays were used to estimate osteoblast apoptosis, proliferation, and viability, respectively. Real-time RT-PCR (RT2 -PCR) arrays were used to assess expression of cytoskeletal-, apoptosis-, osteogenesis-, and ECM-related genes. We found that mechanical stretch significantly increased osteoblast viability and cell proliferation, and decreased the activities of caspases 3 and 7. Moreover, the expression of 18 genes related to osteoblast differentiation, apoptosis, and ECM remodeling changed by more than two-fold in a time-dependent manner. Therefore, mechanical stretch promotes HCOb viability and alters expression of genes that are closely related to suture remodeling under mechanical stretch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuhao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanggen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shujuan Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaobing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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