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Subbaiah NK, Chaudhari PK, Duggal R, Samrit VD. Effect of print orientation on the dimensional accuracy and cost-effectiveness of rapid-prototyped dental models using a PolyJet photopolymerization printer: An in vitro study. Int Orthod 2024; 22:100902. [PMID: 39178639 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2024.100902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and cost-effectiveness of the dental models 3D printed in vertical and horizontal orientation as compared to the conventional plaster and digital models. METHODS This study involved scanning 50 plaster models using Maestro 3D Desktop Scanner (AGE Solutions, Pisa, Italy). The STL file obtained from the scanner was processed and three-dimensionally (3D) printed in the horizontal and vertical orientation using a PolyJet 3D printer (Objet 30 prime, Stratasys Ltd., Eden Prairie, Minnesota, United States). The accuracy of the rapid-prototyped (3D printed) models was measured from the pre-determined landmarks and was compared among the groups. In addition, determining the cost-effectiveness of the 3D printed models in different orientations was based on the amount of material (resin) utilized during the 3D printing process. ANOVA was used to determine the accuracy of the models. RESULTS There were statistically insignificant differences (P>0.05) among rapid-prototyped models (≤0.06mm) compared to plaster models and digital models for the linear measurements made in all three planes of space. The dental models printed in the horizontal orientation were found to be more cost-effective than those printed in a vertical orientation in terms of the amount of material (resin) utilized and printing time during the 3D printing process. CONCLUSIONS The accuracy of rapid-prototyped models 3D printed in the horizontal and vertical orientations was comparable to the plaster models and digital models for clinical applications. Horizontally printed models were more cost-effective than vertically printed models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen K Subbaiah
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Deformities, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, 110029 New Delhi, India
| | - Prabhat Kumar Chaudhari
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Deformities, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, 110029 New Delhi, India.
| | - Ritu Duggal
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Deformities, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, 110029 New Delhi, India
| | - Vilas D Samrit
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Deformities, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, 110029 New Delhi, India
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Viana G, Virji I, Susarchick L, Allareddy V, Lown S, Gruber M, Lukic H, Megremis S, Atsawasuwan P. Comparison of light transmittance and color changes between polyurethane and copolyester retainer materials after staining and destaining. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:144. [PMID: 38297268 PMCID: PMC10829172 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-03887-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retainers are the only effective approach to prevent orthodontic relapse. The aim of this study was to compare the changes in color and light-transmittance of rough and smooth thermoformed polyurethane and copolymer retainer samples after staining in different solutions and destaining with different approaches. METHODS Four hundred copolyester (Essix® ACE) and 400 polyurethane (Zendura®) samples with different surface textures, smooth and rough, were stained in 4 different solutions (n = 100 per solution) over 28 days. Each of the four groups of 100 stained samples of each material was subdivided into 5 groups of 20 samples and subjected to different destaining solutions. Light transmittance and color changes were evaluated using a spectrometer and a spectrophotometer. Mean differences were compared using a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and posthoc multiple comparison tests at P = 0.05. RESULTS No significant differences in light transmittance were found between both untreated materials. Both materials were stained in a similar fashion and showed no significant differences between two materials after staining. Coffee and tea stained both materials more significantly than wine, but there was a significant difference of changes of color and light transmittance between rough and smooth surfaces during the destaining in coffee- and tea-stained samples of copolyester material. All destaining solutions were effective at removing all stains on the samples. The surface roughness of the material plays a significant role in the ability of the materials to be destained, demonstrating a more significant greater effect on cleaning rough samples for improvements in light-transmittance and greater changes in color. CONCLUSIONS This study concluded that the surface of materials plays a significant role in the material destaining and staining. In addition, the different polymers used for retainer fabrication exhibited different responses during the destaining process depending on types of stains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Viana
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Insia Virji
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Laurie Susarchick
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | | | - Sullivan Lown
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Max Gruber
- Dental Materials & Devices Research - American Dental Association, Chicago, IL, 60610, USA
| | - Henry Lukic
- Dental Materials & Devices Research - American Dental Association, Chicago, IL, 60610, USA
| | - Spiro Megremis
- Dental Materials & Devices Research - American Dental Association, Chicago, IL, 60610, USA
| | - Phimon Atsawasuwan
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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Yu JH, Kim JH, Liu J, Mangal U, Ahn HK, Cha JY. Reliability and time-based efficiency of artificial intelligence-based automatic digital model analysis system. Eur J Orthod 2023; 45:712-721. [PMID: 37418746 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjad032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the reliability, reproducibility, and time-based efficiency of automatic digital (AD) and manual digital (MD) model analyses using intraoral scan models. MATERIAL AND METHODS Two examiners analysed 26 intraoral scanner records using MD and AD methods for orthodontic modelling. Tooth size reproducibility was confirmed using a Bland-Altman plot. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was conducted to compare the model analysis parameters (tooth size, sum of 12-teeth, Bolton analysis, arch width, arch perimeter, arch length discrepancy, and overjet/overbite) for each method, including the time taken for model analysis. RESULTS The MD group exhibited a relatively larger spread of 95% agreement limits when compared with AD group. The standard deviations of repeated tooth measurements were 0.15 mm (MD group) and 0.08 mm (AD group). The mean difference values of the 12-tooth (1.80-2.38 mm) and arch perimeter (1.42-3.23 mm) for AD group was significantly (P < 0.001) larger than that for the MD group. The arch width, Bolton, and overjet/overbite were clinically insignificant. The overall mean time required for the measurements was 8.62 min and 0.56 min for the MD and AD groups, respectively. LIMITATIONS Validation results may vary in different clinical cases because our evaluation was limited to mild-to-moderate crowding in the complete dentition. CONCLUSIONS Significant differences were observed between AD and MD groups. The AD method demonstrated reproducible analysis in a considerably reduced timeframe, along with a significant difference in measurements compared to the MD method. Therefore, AD analysis should not be interchanged with MD, and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hun Yu
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
- BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Hoi Kim
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
- BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Utkarsh Mangal
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Kap Ahn
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Artificial Intelligence, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Yul Cha
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
- BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
- Institute for Innovation in Digital Healthcare, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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Wang XM, Meng WY, Wang WN, Huo YF, Xue H. Accuracy and eligibility of Bonwill⁃Hawley arch form established by CBCT image for dental crowding measurement: a comparative study with the conventional brass wire and caliper methods. Clin Oral Investig 2023:10.1007/s00784-023-05020-3. [PMID: 37071219 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05020-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to develop a novel Bonwill⁃Hawley method (Bonwill⁃Hawley arch form based on CBCT image) for the assessment of dental crowding, and to investigate and compare the accuracy and eligibility with the conventional brass wire and caliper methods under different crowding conditions. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty patients with the pair of plaster casts and CBCT data were collected. All the casts were marked and transformed into digital models using iTero scanner, and imported into OrthoCAD software to measure the required space. Using the conventional brass wire (M1) and caliper methods (M2), the available space and dental crowding were measured and calculated basing on digital models, respectively. Correspondingly, the axial planes in the level of dental arches were oriented and captured from the CBCT images to draw the Bonwill⁃Hawley arch forms (M3), which were used to measure and calculate the available space and dental crowding. For each method, intra and inter-examiner reliabilities were evaluated with intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs). Wilcoxon test and Kruskal-Wallis test were performed for statistically analyzing the discrepancy among different groups. RESULTS Both intra- and inter-examiner reliability were generally excellent for all parameters obtained by the three methods, except for the dental crowding measured using M1(ICC: 0.473/0.261). The dental crowding measured using M2 were significantly increased in mild, moderate and severe-crowding groups compared with M1. However, no significant difference was detected between M1 and M3 in severe-crowding group (maxilla, p = 0.108 > 0.05; mandible, p = 0.074 > 0.05). With the deterioration of crowding condition, the discrepancy of dental crowding between M1 and M2, or M1 and M3 were significantly decreased (maxilla, M2-M1, mild VS serve, p = 0.003 < 0.05; maxilla, M3-M1, mild VS serve, p = 0.003 < 0.05; mandible, M2-M1, mild VS serve, p = 0.000 < 0.001; mandible, M3-M1, mild VS serve, p = 0.043 < 0.05). CONCLUSION Dental crowding measured using the novel Bonwill⁃Hawley method was relatively greater than the caliper method, but not exceeding the brass wire method, which wound gradually come close to the brass wire method with the deterioration of crowding condition. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The Bonwill⁃Hawley method basing on CBCT image proved to be a reliable and acceptable choice for orthodontists to analyze the dental crowding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing (NO: 20JR10RA653 - ZDKF20210401), School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, No. 199, Donggang West Road, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, No. 199, Donggang West Road, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wen-Yu Meng
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing (NO: 20JR10RA653 - ZDKF20210401), School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, No. 199, Donggang West Road, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, No. 199, Donggang West Road, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Fei Huo
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing (NO: 20JR10RA653 - ZDKF20210401), School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, No. 199, Donggang West Road, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, No. 199, Donggang West Road, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Xue
- Department of Stomatology, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, No. 242, Guangji Road, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
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Gambardela-Tkacz CM, Alcaraz G, Cotrin P, de Freitas KMS, Moura W, Janson G, Garib D, de Freitas MR. Incisor irregularity and dental arch dimensions changes in subjects with different severity of anterior crowding: a 37-year follow-up. Prog Orthod 2023; 24:10. [PMID: 36935470 PMCID: PMC10025172 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-023-00461-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occlusal stability is one of the goals of orthodontic treatment, and keeping teeth aligned in the long term is a challenge for the orthodontist. This study aimed to compare the long-term incisors irregularity and dental arches dimensions changes in subjects treated with 4 premolar extractions with different pretreatment Little's irregularity index (LII). The knowledge of long-term outcomes is evidence-based information for the prognosis of future treatments. METHODS In total, 41 treated subjects were divided into two groups according to mandibular Little irregularity value at pretreatment (mild or severe). The maxillary and mandibular LII, transversal, and longitudinal widths were assessed at pretreatment, posttreatment, and 37-year posttreatment. Chi-square and independent t tests were used for intergroup comparison. RESULTS The groups presented similar behavior for all stages of maxillary and mandibular arch dimensions changes. Maxillary irregularity was corrected in both groups after treatment, and the alignment was acceptable in the long term. In the mild group, the mandibular incisor irregularity returned to pretreatment values in the long term. The mandibular LII increased in the severe group but did not return to pretreatment values in the long term. CONCLUSIONS The mild crowding group presented proportionally more relapse of mandibular incisor irregularity than the severe crowding group in the long term. Even so, the correction of mild and severe crowding with the extraction of 4 premolars showed satisfactory results in the long term, even with the presence of maturational changes and relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Martins Gambardela-Tkacz
- Department of Orthodontics, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Alameda Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla 9-75, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Alcaraz
- Department of Orthodontics, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Alameda Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla 9-75, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil.
| | - Paula Cotrin
- Department of Orthodontics, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Alameda Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla 9-75, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil
| | | | - Willana Moura
- Department of Orthodontics, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Alameda Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla 9-75, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Janson
- Department of Orthodontics, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Alameda Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla 9-75, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Daniela Garib
- Department of Orthodontics, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Alameda Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla 9-75, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Marcos Roberto de Freitas
- Department of Orthodontics, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Alameda Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla 9-75, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil
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de Freitas BN, Mendonça LM, Cruvinel PB, de Lacerda TJ, Leite FGJ, Oliveira-Santos C, Tirapelli C. Comparison of intraoral scanning and CBCT to generate digital and 3D-printed casts by fused deposition modeling and digital light processing. J Dent 2023; 128:104387. [PMID: 36496106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES to evaluate trueness and precision of digital casts from intraoral scanning (IOS) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT); trueness and precision of 3D-printed casts using digital light processing (DLP) and fused deposition modeling (FDM); the influence of digitizing method in the 3D-printed casts and, to compare STL data after DICOM segmentation and conversion. METHODS a reference cast was digitized with IOS and CBCT, and 3D-printed using FDM and DLP. Linear measurements of occlusocervical (OC), interarch (IEA), and mesiodistal (MD) dimensions were taken on reference, digital and 3D-printed casts. Trueness was observed as the distortion, and precision was observed as the variation of measurements. One and Two-way ANOVA, Student t-test, and Chi-Square were applied to analyze data. RESULTS distortion varied between digital casts for all dimensions; at OC, both showed expanded dimensions with IOS being significantly greater; in turn, CBCT digital casts showed higher distortion at IEA and MD. Dimensions of 3D-printed casts showed a predominance of shrinkage, DLP presented higher distortion compared to FDM for both digitizing methods. Digitizing methods influenced the 3D-printing of casts, especially for DLP. Regarding precision, no statistical difference was found. STL converted from DICOM showed statistical difference in IEA (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS digital casts showed distortion depending on the digitizing method. IOS was better in IEA and MD, and CBCT in OC dimensions. Overall, DLP casts presented higher distortion compared to FDM. The digitizing method influences trueness on 3D-printed casts. File conversion from DICOM to STL per se could change the dimension. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This investigation showed that digital casts from IOS and CBCT as well 3D-printed casts from FDM and DLP can show different trueness. It is clinically relevant as clinicians have various workflows available in Digital Dentistry which involve these digitizing and manufacturing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Neves de Freitas
- University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil, 14040-904
| | - Lucas Moreira Mendonça
- University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil, 14040-904
| | - Pedro Bastos Cruvinel
- University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil, 14040-904
| | - Tito José de Lacerda
- DVI Dentomaxillofacial Radiology Center, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil, 14010-180
| | | | - Christiano Oliveira-Santos
- University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Department of Diagnosis & Oral Health, Louisville, Kentucky, U.S.A, 40202
| | - Camila Tirapelli
- University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil, 14040-904.
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Ferraro JM, Falter J, Lee S, Watanabe K, Wu TH, Kim DG, Ko CC, Tanaka E, Deguchi T. Accuracy of three-dimensional printed models derived from cone-beam computed tomography. Angle Orthod 2022; 92:722-727. [PMID: 35852459 PMCID: PMC9598849 DOI: 10.2319/021122-128.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the accuracy of three-dimensional (3D) printed models fabricated from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of human mandibular dry skulls in comparison with models derived from intraoral scanner (IOS) data. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six human mandibular dry skulls were scanned by IOS and CBCT. Digital models (DMs) constructed from the IOS and CBCT data were fabricated physically using a 3D printer. The width and thickness of individual teeth and intercanine and molar widths were measured using a digital caliper. The accuracy of the DMs was compared between IOS and CBCT. Paired t-tests were used for intergroup comparisons. RESULTS All intraclass correlation coefficient values for the three measurements (mesial-distal, buccal-lingual, width) exceeded 0.9. For the mandibular teeth, there were significant discrepancies in model accuracy between the IOS (average discrepancies of 0.18 ± 0.08 mm and 0.16 ± 0.12 mm for width and thickness, respectively) and CBCT (0.28 ± 0.07 mm for width, 0.37 ± 0.2 mm for thickness; P < .01). Intercanine (P = .38) and molar widths (P = .41) showed no significant difference between groups. CONCLUSIONS There was a statistically significant difference in the accuracy of DMs obtained from CBCT and IOS; however, this did not seem to result in any important clinical difference. CBCT could be routinely used as an orthodontic diagnostic tool and for appliance construction.
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Agreement of the Discrepancy Index Obtained Using Digital and Manual Techniques—A Comparative Study. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12126105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The discrepancy index evaluates the complexity of the initial orthodontic diagnosis. The objective is to compare whether there is a difference in the final discrepancy index score of the American Board of Orthodontics (ABO) when obtained using digital and manual techniques. Fifty-six initial orthodontic records in a digital and physical format were included (28 each) in 2022 at the Center for Research and Advanced Studies in Dentistry. For the digital measurements, iTero and TRIOS 3 intraoral scanners were used, along with Insignia software and cephalometric tracing with Dolphin Imaging software. Manual measurements were obtained in dental casts using the ruler indicated for the previously mentioned discrepancy index, in addition to conventional cephalometric tracing. Student’s t-test did not show statistically significant differences between the digital and manual techniques, with final discrepancy index scores of 24.61 (13.34) and 24.86 (14.14), respectively (p = 0.769). Cohen’s kappa index showed very good agreement between both categorical measurements (kappa value = 1.00, p = 0.001). The Bland–Altman method demonstrated a good agreement between continuous measurements obtained by both techniques with a bias of 0.2500 (superior limit of agreement =9.0092988, inferior limit of agreement = −8.5092988). Excellent agreement was observed in obtaining the discrepancy index through digital technique (Intraoral scanning and digital records) and manual technique (conventional records).
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Mao Z, Jia YF, Zhang YF, Xu J, Wu ZN, Mao F, Zhang Y, Hu M. Evaluation of the impact of reference tooth morphology and alignment on model measurement accuracy. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:670. [PMID: 35845517 PMCID: PMC9279757 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-2497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background The development of personalized and high-precision dental treatment is inseparable from the accurate measurement and analysis of the model. Compared with traditional plaster models, digital models allow dentists to obtain richer and more detailed inspection results. However, the measurement of digital models in clinical practice usually ignores the influence of the overall three-dimensional (3D) structure of teeth and tooth arrangement on the measurement results. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of calibrated tooth axis and tooth arrangement on tooth width and arch length. Methods A total of 110 digital models from 80 participants were used to measure teeth width and dental arch length using the following methods: Method A, simple positioning of the proximal and distal of teeth; Method B: calibration of the clinical crown axis; and Method C: calibration of the overall 3D axis of the teeth. The Measurand model included pre- and post-orthodontic models of the same patients to assess the impact of tooth alignment on outcomes. Results In the aligned dentition, whether the tooth axis was calibrated had no effect on the measurement results. On unaligned dentitions, calibrating the pinion allowed for more accurate measurements, with Method C the closest to the true size. Furthermore, the arrangement of teeth affected the measurement, but there was no continuous linear correlation with arch length discrepancy (ALD). Conclusions Clinicians should choose appropriate measurement methods according to actual needs when performing model measurement, and should pay attention to the influence of tooth axis, tooth shape, and arrangement on the measurement results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Mao
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yi-Fan Jia
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yi-Fan Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhi-Na Wu
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Feng Mao
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Adobes Martin M, Lipani E, Bernes Martinez L, Alvarado Lorenzo A, Aiuto R, Garcovich D. Reliability of Tooth Width Measurements Delivered by the Clin-Check Pro 6.0 Software on Digital Casts: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063581. [PMID: 35329271 PMCID: PMC8950071 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy and reliability of tooth width measurements and Bolton Indices delivered by the Clin-Check Pro 6.0 software (Align Technology, San José, CA, USA). Fifty-four plaster casts were selected and measured with a manual calliper by a trained and calibrated observer. The data gathered were compared with those delivered by the software on the corresponding fifty-four virtual casts. The method reliability of the software was assessed by comparing the measurements performed by the software on 201 pairs of clin-checks corresponding to two consecutive treatment phases. Accuracy and reliability were statistically assessed using a mixed model. The software tends to provide larger widths compared with the manual method. Statistically significant differences were found in 23 teeth. At a global level, the mean difference between the methods was −0.19 mm, with a Dahlberg error of 0.24 mm and an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.98. The Bolton Indices delivered by the two methods had a moderate correlation (ICC = 0.59; 0.69). The within method reliability of the software was extremely high. Tooth width measurements delivered by the software, despite the positive bias, can be considered accurate and clinically acceptable for all teeth except molars. The Bolton Indices made available by the software are not accurate and clinically acceptable, especially in the case of mandibular excess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milagros Adobes Martin
- Department of Dentistry, Universidad Europea de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (E.L.); (L.B.M.); (D.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Erica Lipani
- Department of Dentistry, Universidad Europea de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (E.L.); (L.B.M.); (D.G.)
| | - Laura Bernes Martinez
- Department of Dentistry, Universidad Europea de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (E.L.); (L.B.M.); (D.G.)
| | | | - Riccardo Aiuto
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental Science, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Daniele Garcovich
- Department of Dentistry, Universidad Europea de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (E.L.); (L.B.M.); (D.G.)
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Lo Giudice A, Ronsivalle V, Rustico L, Aboulazm K, Isola G, Palazzo G. Evaluation of the accuracy of orthodontic models prototyped with entry-level LCD-based 3D printers: a study using surface-based superimposition and deviation analysis. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:303-312. [PMID: 34100158 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-03999-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of dental models prototyped via entry-level liquid crystal display (LCD) 3D printers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Identical prototyped models were generated from a master digital file testing two entry-level LCD-based 3D printers and using one professional-grade 3D printer as gold standard (GS), with 50-µm and 100-µm layer thickness. Each 3D-printed model was scanned, and a specific 3D technology was used to perform surface-based superimposition and deviation analysis to evaluate trueness and precision. The distances between surface points of two superimposed models were converted to root mean square (RMS) and statistically analyzed. RESULTS The RMS values detected were significantly higher in dental models prototyped with entry-level compared to the SLA printer (p < 0.001), in terms of trueness (50 µm: GS 0.075 mm, LCD1 0.192 mm, LCD2 0.179 mm; 100 µm: GS 0.066 mm, LCD1 0.209 mm, LCD2 0.199 mm) and precision (50 µm: GS 0.028 mm, LCD1 0.075 mm, LCD2 0.085 mm; 100 µm: GS 0.039 mm, LCD1 0.096 mm, LCD2 0.101 mm). No significant differences were found between the values of RMS of both entry-level 3D printers (p > 0.05). Layer thickness did not affect either the trueness or precision of the 3D-printed models (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Entry-level LCD-based 3D printers are not as accurate as professional-grade 3D printer, but still close to orthodontics clinical threshold values. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Clinicians should evaluate the intended application of 3D-printed orthodontic models before using entry-level 3D printers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Lo Giudice
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Unit of Orthodontics, University of Catania, Policlinico Universitario "Vittorio Emanuele, " Via Santa Sofia 78 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Ronsivalle
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Unit of Orthodontics, University of Catania, Policlinico Universitario "Vittorio Emanuele, " Via Santa Sofia 78 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Rustico
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Unit of Orthodontics, University of Catania, Policlinico Universitario "Vittorio Emanuele, " Via Santa Sofia 78 95123, Catania, Italy.
| | - Kaled Aboulazm
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Pharos University, Canal El Mahmoudia Street, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Gaetano Isola
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Unit of Orthodontics, University of Catania, Policlinico Universitario "Vittorio Emanuele, " Via Santa Sofia 78 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Palazzo
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Unit of Orthodontics, University of Catania, Policlinico Universitario "Vittorio Emanuele, " Via Santa Sofia 78 95123, Catania, Italy
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Akyalcin S, Rutkowski P, Arrigo M, Trotman CA, Kasper FK. Evaluation of current additive manufacturing systems for orthodontic 3-dimensional printing. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2021; 160:594-602. [PMID: 34579820 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2020.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective of this research was to evaluate and compare linear and surface accuracy of dental models fabricated using 3 different vat photopolymerization printing units: digital light synthesis (M2 Printer; Carbon, Redwood City, Calif), digital light processing (Juell 3D Flash OC; Park Dental Research, New York, NY), and stereolithography apparatus (Form 2; Formlabs Inc, Somerville, Mass), and a material jetting printing unit: PolyJet (Objet Eden 260VS; Stratasys, Eden Prairie, Minn). METHODS Maxillary and mandibular dental arches of 20 patients with the American Board of Orthodontics Discrepancy Index scores ranging between 10 and 30 were scanned using an intraoral scanner. Stereolithographic files of each patient were printed via the 3-dimensional (3D) printers and were digitized again using a 3D desktop scanner to enable comparisons with the original scan data. One-sample t test and linear regression analyses were performed. To further graphically examine the accuracy between the different methods, Bland-Altman plots were computed. The level of significance was set at P <0.05. RESULTS Bland-Altman analysis showed no fixed bias of one approach vs the other, and random errors were detected in all linear accuracy comparisons. When a 0.25 mm tolerance level was deemed acceptable for any positive or negative surface changes, only the models manufactured from digital light processing and PolyJet units showed more than 97% match with the original scans. CONCLUSION The surface area of 3D printed models did not yield an utterly identical match to the original scan data and was affected by the type of printer. The clinical relevance of the differences observed on the 3D printed dental model surfaces requires application-specific judgments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sercan Akyalcin
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Mass.
| | - Phillip Rutkowski
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Mass
| | - Michael Arrigo
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Mass
| | - Carroll Ann Trotman
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Mass
| | - F Kurtis Kasper
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Tex
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Reliability and accuracy of automatic segmentation of mandibular 3D models on linear measurements. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:6335-6346. [PMID: 33954849 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-03934-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluate if automatic segmentation of mandibular three-dimensional (3D) models is reliable and accurate. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eight dry mandibles with eight silica markers were scanned in the i-CAT Classic device (Imaging Sciences International). Automatic segmentation was performed using nine standard preset thresholds in the Dolphin software (Dolphin Imaging & Management Solutions). Three observers individually made twice eight linear measurements on the mandibular 3D models. Another observer made physical measurements, twice as well, on the dry mandibles. Reliability and accuracy were evaluated with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), Dahlberg's formula, Bland-Altman analyses, and changing bias with regression analyses. RESULTS Inter-observer and intra-observer ICCs and Dahlberg's error were ≥ 0.75 and ≤ 1.0 mm, respectively, for all measurements. Inter-observer agreement between mandibular 3D models and physical measurements ranged from -0.37 to 0.91 mm. CONCLUSIONS Linear measurements made on mandibular 3D models obtained using standard preset thresholds are reliable and accurate. However, additional studies are necessary to confirm this hypothesis for clinical applications. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Since the 3D models are useful for diagnostics and surgical planning, it is necessary to determinate whether the linear measurements made on 3D models obtained by automatic segmentation are sufficiently reliable and accurate.
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Banjar A, Chen YW, Kostagianni A, Finkelman M, Papathanasiou A, Chochlidakis K, Papaspyridakos P. Accuracy of 3D Printed Implant Casts Versus Stone Casts: A Comparative Study in the Anterior Maxilla. J Prosthodont 2021; 30:783-788. [PMID: 33474754 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To conduct an in vitro comparison of the amount of three-dimensional (3D) deviation of 3D printed casts generated from digital implant impressions with an intraoral scanner (IOS) to stone casts made of conventional impressions. MATERIAL AND METHODS A maxillary master cast with partially edentulous anterior area was fabricated with two internal connection implants (Regular CrossFit, Straumann). Stone casts (n = 10) that served as a control were fabricated with the splinted open-tray impression technique. Twenty digital impressions were made using a white light IOS (TRIOS, 3shape) and the Standard Tesselation Language (STL) files obtained were saved. Based on the STL files, a digital light processing (DLP) and a stereolithographic (SLA) 3D printer (Varseo S and Form 2) were used to print casts (n = 10 from each 3D printer). The master cast and all casts generated from each group were digitized using the same IOS. The STL files obtained were superimposed on the master cast STL file (reference) to evaluate the amount of 3D deviation with inspection software using the root mean square value (RMS). The independent-samples Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn's test with Bonferroni correction (for post hoc comparisons) were used for statistical analyses. RESULTS The Varseo S group had the lowest median RMS value [77.5 µm (IQR = 91.4-135.4)], followed closely by the Conventional group [77.7 µm (IQR = 61.5-93.4)]. The Form 2 had the highest mean value [98.8 µm (IQR = 57.6-87.9)]. The independent-samples Kruskal-Wallis test revealed a significant difference between the groups (p = 0.018). Post hoc testing revealed a significant difference between Varseo S and Form 2 (p = 0.009). CONCLUSION The casts generated from the Varseo S 3D printer had better 3D accuracy than did those from the Form 2 3D printer. Both the Varseo S group and the conventional stone casts groups had similar 3D accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Banjar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Prosthodontics, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Yo-Wei Chen
- Department of Prosthodontics, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA
| | | | - Matthew Finkelman
- Department of Public Health and Community Service, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA
| | | | - Konstantinos Chochlidakis
- Department of Prosthodontics, University of Rochester Eastman Institute for Oral Health, Rochester, NY
| | - Panos Papaspyridakos
- Department of Prosthodontics, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA.,Department of Prosthodontics, University of Rochester Eastman Institute for Oral Health, Rochester, NY
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Johansson C, Dibes J, Rodriguez LEL, Papia E. Accuracy of 3D printed polymers intended for models and surgical guides printed with two different 3D printers. Dent Mater J 2020; 40:339-347. [PMID: 33100299 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2020-039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the accuracy: trueness and precision of photopolymers used for dental models and surgical guides printed with two different digital light processing (DLP) printers. Forty specimens of four materials; E-dentstone®, E-shell®, NextDent™ Model, NextDent™ SG, and two designs; models A and B (n=5), were manufactured (DDDP, EvoDent). Trueness was evaluated by comparing values for 26 parameters with the CAD models' reference values and precision through standard deviation. The trueness and precision were higher for linear than for angle parameters. X- and Y-axes showed higher trueness than Z-axis and model B higher trueness than model A. The conclusions are; the accuracy is dependent on the design of the object. The linear precision appears to be high. The highest trueness was observed for a surgical guide polymer (NextDent™ SG). The definition of clinically relevant accuracy and acceptable production tolerance should be evaluated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Johansson
- Department of Materials Science and Technology/Futurum Innovation, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University
| | - Jasmin Dibes
- Department of Materials Science and Technology/Futurum Innovation, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University
| | | | - Evaggelia Papia
- Department of Materials Science and Technology/Futurum Innovation, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University
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Murugesan A, Sivakumar A. Comparison of accuracy of mesiodistal tooth measurements made in conventional study models and digital models obtained from intraoral scan and desktop scan of study models. J Orthod 2020; 47:149-155. [PMID: 32195636 DOI: 10.1177/1465312520910755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the measured values obtained from the plaster model, digital models created by scanning the plaster models and direct intraoral scanning with the values obtained from direct intraoral measurements. DESIGN This was a prospective clinical study. SETTING The study was conducted in Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Tamil Nadu, India. PARTICIPANTS Ten patients before the start of orthodontic treatment were selected for the study. METHODS A computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD-CAM) system is an advanced technology that is being adopted in the field of orthodontics for diagnosis, treatment planning and documentation of patient records. Mesiodistal tooth width measurements of first premolars, canines, lateral incisors and central incisors, and transverse width measurement from mesial pit of right first premolar to mesial pit of left first premolar in both maxilla and mandible were obtained from direct intraoral measurement (gold standard), study model obtained from alginate impression, intraoral scanned image, and desktop scanned image of the study model. Descriptive statistics and ANOVA was performed to find the difference in mean among the groups. RESULTS A P value > 0.05 was obtained in ANOVA indicating that there is no statistically significant difference in the measurements obtained by either of the methods. CONCLUSION Conventional stone models and digital models obtained from intraoral scan and desktop scanning of plaster models are clinically reliable as the variations in measurements obtained from these methods were clinically negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arathi Murugesan
- Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Arvind Sivakumar
- Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
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