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Jaber ST, Hajeer MY, Alkhouli KW, Al-Shamak RM, Darwich KMA, Aljabban O, Alam MK, Kara-Boulad JM. Evaluation of Three-Dimensional Digital Models Formulated From Direct Intra-oral Scanning of Dental Arches in Comparison With Extra-oral Scanning of Poured Dental Models in Terms of Dimensional Accuracy and Reliability. Cureus 2024; 16:e54869. [PMID: 38405645 PMCID: PMC10894623 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study's objective was to assess the dimensional accuracy and reliability of dental digital models prepared by direct intraoral scanning and indirect scanning of the plaster models compared to the plaster models as the gold standard. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study included 20 patients. Nine had a class I malocclusion, seven had a class II malocclusion, and four had a class III malocclusion. Intraoral scanning was done for the upper and lower arches of all the patients enrolled in this study using an intraoral scanner (i700; Medit, Seoul, Korea). The next step was preparing the plaster model for the control group. Addition-silicone impressions were taken for each patient's arches. The impressions were poured according to American Board of Orthodontics (ABO) standards. Finally, the digital models of the indirect scanning group were prepared using a 3D desktop scanner (T710; Medit). In total, 26 measurements were made on the plaster and digital models. Paired t-tests were used to test for significant differences between the studied groups. The reliability of the studied techniques was tested using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Because of the multiple comparisons, the ɑ level was adjusted and set at 0.002. RESULTS No significant differences were found between the intraoral scanning group (20 patients) and the plaster models group (20 patients; P>0.002). The ICCs ranged from 0.814 to 0.993, indicating excellent agreement between the direct digital and traditional plaster models. There were no significant differences between the digital and original plaster models (P>0.002). ICCs ranged from 0.834 to 0.995, indicating excellent agreement between the indirect digital and original plaster models. No significant differences were detected between the direct and indirect digital models (P>0.002). ICCs ranged between 0.813 and 0.999, indicating excellent agreement between direct and indirect digital models. CONCLUSION Both direct and indirect scanning techniques are accurate and reliable for digital model preparation and can be considered an alternative to traditional plaster models used in clinical orthodontics diagnostic applications. The intraoral scanning technique can be considered a valid alternative for indirect scanning of the plaster models to prepare digital working models during the digital design and fabrication of orthodontic appliances such as clear aligners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer T Jaber
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Al-Watanyia Private University, Hama, SYR
| | - Mohammad Y Hajeer
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Damascus, Damascus, SYR
| | - Khaled Walid Alkhouli
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Syrian Private University, Damascus, SYR
| | | | - Khaldoun M A Darwich
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Damascus, Damascus, SYR
| | - Ossama Aljabban
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Damascus, Damascus, SYR
| | | | - Jehad M Kara-Boulad
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Al-Hawash Private University, Homs, SYR
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Elshal NS, Mohammad MH, Tawfik MA, Fouda MAES. Dentoalveolar effects of skeletally anchored extrusion arch in anterior open bite patients: A prospective clinical trial. Dental Press J Orthod 2024; 28:e2323110. [PMID: 38198349 PMCID: PMC10768647 DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.28.6.e2323110.oar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this prospective clinical trial was to explore the dental and soft tissue changes accompanying the use of skeletally anchored nickel-titanium (NiTi) extrusion arch in the correction of anterior open bite (AOB). MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty female patients with a mean age of 16.5 ± 1.5 years and a mean dentoalveolar AOB of 2.38±0.7 mm participated in this study. All patients were treated with an maxillary 0.017×0.025-in NiTi extrusion arch, with the aid of miniscrews inserted between the maxillary second premolars and first molars bilaterally, to act as indirect anchorage. Three-dimensional digital models and lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken just before the insertion of the extrusion arch (T0) and after 10 months (T1). Paired-sample t-tests were used in analyzing the data, to evaluate the changes after treatment (T1-T0). A significance level of p < 0.05 was used. RESULTS AOB was successfully closed in all patients, with a 4.35 ± 0.61 mm increase in the overbite. Maxillary incisors significantly extruded (2.52 ± 1.02 mm) and significantly reclined (5.78 ± 0.77°), with a resultant decrease in the overjet of 1.58 ± 0.5mm. A significant intrusion of maxillary first molars with no change in their inclination was observed. The upper lip showed a significant retraction tendency to the E-plane, and a significant increase in the nasolabial angle was observed. CONCLUSION The skeletally anchored NiTi extrusion arch was an effective technique in treating AOB, with no adverse effects on the molars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noheir Samir Elshal
- Mansoura University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics (Mansoura, Egypt)
| | | | - Marwa Ali Tawfik
- Mansoura University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics (Mansoura, Egypt)
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Souza RXSD, Souza GASD, Colares JP, Ianni TMDS, Magalhães CSD, Guerrero-Vargas JA, Montalvany-Antonucci CC, Macari S. A new way of analyzing tooth movement using universal coordinate system geometry single point superposition in a 3D model. Dental Press J Orthod 2023; 28:e232333. [PMID: 37820226 PMCID: PMC10564451 DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.28.4.e232333.oar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Superposing 3D models is an imminent need. However, current methods rely on marking multiple points on the maxilla and mandible, which could increase point marking and overlapping errors. OBJECTIVE This study aimed at developing a method for superimposing 3D models of the maxillary and mandibular arches with Autodesk Inventor® engineering software, using a single universal coordinate system (UCS) point superposition. METHODS A total of 104 STL (stereolithography) models of the maxillary and mandibular arches exported from My iTero® platform were retrospectively selected, in which T0 and T1 were the initial and refinement periods, respectively (n=26 per group). The X, Y, and Z coordinates associated with a single point in each arch were inserted into the models with SlicerCMF® software for model orientation. The arch models with UCS registration were transferred to Autodesk Inventor® for superimposition and to measure tooth movements performed during Invisalign® treatment. Arch expansion, intrusion and rotation were analyzed by two examiners. The statistics were performed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), Dahlberg's formula, and t-test (p<0.05). RESULTS A reliable method of superimposing 3D digital models using a single UCS point in the maxilla and mandible was developed. ICC showed excellent intra- and inter-examiner correlation (ICC>0.90). A systematic error was not found concerning linear and angular measurements (<1mm and <1.5°, respectively). Digital dental movements could be analyzed, including arch expansion, dental intrusion, and tooth rotation. CONCLUSIONS The developed method was proven reliable and reproducible for superimposing 3D models of the maxillary and mandibular arches by using UCS system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - João Pacheco Colares
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry (Belo Horizonte/MG, Brazil)
| | - Tânia Mara de Souza Ianni
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry (Belo Horizonte/MG, Brazil)
| | - Cláudia Silami de Magalhães
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry (Belo Horizonte/MG, Brazil)
| | - José Alejandro Guerrero-Vargas
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry (Belo Horizonte/MG, Brazil)
- Universidad ECCI, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering (Bogotá, Colombia)
| | | | - Soraia Macari
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry (Belo Horizonte/MG, Brazil)
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Pasini M, Carli E, Giambastiani F, Giuca MR, Tripodi D. Three-Dimensional Analysis of Upper and Lower Arches Using Digital Technology: Measurement of the Index of Bolton and Correspondence between Arch Shapesand Orthodontic Arches. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:188. [PMID: 37623284 PMCID: PMC10453238 DOI: 10.3390/dj11080188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Thanks to the great development of digital technology, viaCAD (computer-aided design) and CAM (computer-aided manufacturing) systems, digital models canbe used as an aid for orthodontic planning decision-making processes as there are numerous studies in the literature that support the validity ofthe digital model measurements of anterior teeth and the total coefficient of Bolton analysis. The aim of the present study isto compare the average length value of the current upper and lower arches with that of a hypothetical nickel-titanium wire and to confirm the reliability and accuracy of digitally taken measurements of the anterior and total Bolton coefficients.In this retrospective study, dental casts of 138 Caucasian adolescent patients were scanned with an extraoral scanner, and Ortho3Shape software was adopted for the following dental cast measurements: actual and ideal lengths of the lower arches and anterior and total Bolton coefficients.In the present study, we found that the mean value of the anterior coefficients of the Bolton index was compatible with those of previous studies, confirming the reliability of digital measurements.Therefore, digital CAD/CAM models may be a viable alternative to plaster models, as they can facilitate model preservation and recovery. For future studies, it would be better to use intraoral scanners (IOSs) to ensure greater accuracy, since they only require one step and allow obtaining better results for the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pasini
- Unit of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.P.); (E.C.); (M.R.G.)
| | - Elisabetta Carli
- Unit of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.P.); (E.C.); (M.R.G.)
| | - Federico Giambastiani
- Unit of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.P.); (E.C.); (M.R.G.)
| | - Maria Rita Giuca
- Unit of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.P.); (E.C.); (M.R.G.)
| | - Domenico Tripodi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Dental School, University “G. D’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66013 Chieti, Italy;
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Laganà G, Paoloni V, Pavoni C, Palmacci D, Malara A. Tridimensional Changes in Mandibular Arch after Rapid Maxillary Expansion Therapy: A Clinical Study. Children (Basel) 2023; 10:children10050775. [PMID: 37238323 DOI: 10.3390/children10050775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Aim: The upper jaw transverse deficit is certainly one of the most common clinical issues in the orthodontic field. It can be due to skeletal or dental factors, and its etiology may be both genetic and environmental. Rapid maxillary expanders (RMEs) are certainly the most effective appliance for upper transverse deficiency correction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes that occurred in the mandibular arch during treatment with RMEs in growing subjects by analyzing tridimensional lower digital casts. Materials and Methods: The study group (SG) consisted of 20 subjects (10 M, 10 F; mean age 9.4 ± 2.8 years old) randomly selected at the Department of Orthodontics at the University of Rome, "Tor Vergata". The inclusion criteria were negative posterior transverse interarch discrepancy ≥ 4 mm, mixed dentition phase with first permanent molars erupted, and prepubertal skeletal maturation stage (CS1-2), evaluated on a lateral radiograph through the Cervical Vertebral Maturation method. The SG was compared to an untreated control group (CG) of 20 subjects (10 M, 10 F, mean age 8.7 ± 2.3 years old) enrolled with the same inclusion criteria. The SG was treated by using RMEs. Dental casts of the lower arch were taken at two different times (T0-T1 = 6 months). All the dental casts were scanned with an OrthoXscan (Dentaurum 6mmbh E Co., Ispringen, Germany) and twenty points on the mandibular arch were digitized using Viewbox software. A Student t-test was used to compare the means of the quantitative variables associated with the effect of the device over time T0 and T1. Results: The results show a statistically significant increase (p < 0.05) in the intercanine and the intermolar diameters between the times T0 and T1 when compared to the CG. Conclusions: Rapid maxillary orthopedic expansion may achieve an increase in mandibular intercanine and intermolar diameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Laganà
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
- UniCamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Via S. Alessandro, 8, 00131 Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Paoloni
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Pavoni
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
- UniCamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Via S. Alessandro, 8, 00131 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniel Palmacci
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Malara
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Thomas AA, Jain RK. Influence of Operator Experience on Scanning Time and Accuracy with Two Different Intraoral Scanners - A Prospective Clinical Trial. Turk J Orthod 2023; 36:10-14. [PMID: 36960781 PMCID: PMC10140657 DOI: 10.4274/turkjorthod.2022.2021.0220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Objective Operator experience and scanner type may influence the time taken and obtained accuracy of intraoral scanning. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of operator experience on the scanning time and correlate the accuracy of the scans taken with two different intraoral scanners (TRIOS 3, 3Shape and i500, Medit). Methods In this trial, a total of 20 subjects who required intraoral scanning for orthodontic treatment were included. Intraoral scanning was done with two different scanners, TRIOS 3 and i500. One operator each with high (group 1), medium (group 2) and low (group 3) levels of experience performed intra-oral scanning with two different intraoral scanners. A One-Way ANOVA test was performed to assess the intergroup difference in scanning time and Kendall's tau's correlation test to determine the correlation between the experience of the operator and accuracy among the three groups using the two scanners. Also Independent samples t-test were performed to assess the intragroup differences in scanning time with two different scanners. Results The scanning time was influenced by the type of intraoral scanner and operator experience (p<0.05). No significant correlation between operator experience and scanning accuracy in the three groups was noted (p>0.05). Statistically significant intragroup differences in scanning time between the two scanners were noted (p<0.05). Conclusion Less experienced operators took more time to scan a subject. Accuracy of scanning among three groups using two scanners was not influenced by the experience of the operator. Scanning with i500 IOS took more time than TRIOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Anna Thomas
- Clinic of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ravindra Kumar Jain
- Clinic of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Tamil Nadu, India
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Adobes Martin M, Lipani E, Bernes Martinez L, Alvarado Lorenzo A, Aiuto R, Garcovich D. Reliability of Tooth Width Measurements Delivered by the Clin-Check Pro 6.0 Software on Digital Casts: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19063581. [PMID: 35329271 PMCID: PMC8950071 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy and reliability of tooth width measurements and Bolton Indices delivered by the Clin-Check Pro 6.0 software (Align Technology, San José, CA, USA). Fifty-four plaster casts were selected and measured with a manual calliper by a trained and calibrated observer. The data gathered were compared with those delivered by the software on the corresponding fifty-four virtual casts. The method reliability of the software was assessed by comparing the measurements performed by the software on 201 pairs of clin-checks corresponding to two consecutive treatment phases. Accuracy and reliability were statistically assessed using a mixed model. The software tends to provide larger widths compared with the manual method. Statistically significant differences were found in 23 teeth. At a global level, the mean difference between the methods was −0.19 mm, with a Dahlberg error of 0.24 mm and an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.98. The Bolton Indices delivered by the two methods had a moderate correlation (ICC = 0.59; 0.69). The within method reliability of the software was extremely high. Tooth width measurements delivered by the software, despite the positive bias, can be considered accurate and clinically acceptable for all teeth except molars. The Bolton Indices made available by the software are not accurate and clinically acceptable, especially in the case of mandibular excess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milagros Adobes Martin
- Department of Dentistry, Universidad Europea de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (E.L.); (L.B.M.); (D.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Erica Lipani
- Department of Dentistry, Universidad Europea de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (E.L.); (L.B.M.); (D.G.)
| | - Laura Bernes Martinez
- Department of Dentistry, Universidad Europea de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (E.L.); (L.B.M.); (D.G.)
| | | | - Riccardo Aiuto
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental Science, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Daniele Garcovich
- Department of Dentistry, Universidad Europea de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (E.L.); (L.B.M.); (D.G.)
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Al-Mashraqi AA, Alhammadi MS, Gadi AA, Altharawi RA, Zamim KAH, Halboub E. Accuracy and reproducibility of permanent dentitions and dental arch measurements: comparing three different digital models with a plaster study cast. Int J Comput Dent 2021; 24:353-362. [PMID: 34931771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
AIM The objective of the present study was to assess the accuracy and reproducibility of permanent dentition and dental arch measurements of three digital scanners compared with the gold standard, a physical plaster cast. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, the following records of 30 patients were used: 1) orthodontic physical plaster study cast (PPSC); 2) digitally scanned physical model (DSPM), 3) direct intraoral model scanned with a Trios color scanner; and 4) direct 3D CBCT digital model. The following 3D measurements were obtained: mesiodistal tooth dimensions; total tooth materials; dental arch perimeters; total arch lengths; and intermolar, interpremolar, and intercanine widths. The measurements on the three digital models were contrasted with those on the PPSC. Differences were tested using a dependent t test for intragroup comparisons. A P value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Intraclass correlation coefficient was used to assess intra- and interexaminer reliability. RESULTS Except for the mesiodistal dimensions of the mandibular left central incisors (P < 0.001) and the mandibular intercanine width (P = 0.041), no statistically significant differences were found between the measurements made directly on the PPSC and those on the three digital models. The mean discrepancies between the methods ranged from as low as 0.003 mm to as high as 0.67 mm for the total tooth materials, and as low as 0.01 mm to as high as 0.37 mm for the total arch length. For the transverse dimension, the mean discrepancies ranged from as low as 0.3 mm for the maxillary intercanine width to as high as 0.5 mm for the mandibular intercanine width. However, these significant differences were not considered clinically significant. CONCLUSIONS The DSPM, Trios color scanner digital model, and direct 3D CBCT digital model appear to be adequate, reliable, and time-saving alternatives to the PPSC when analyzed using a digital caliper.
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Fernandes F, Krishnan RV, Patni V, Vaid N. Accuracy of three different customized lingual orthodontic appliance systems in achieving predicted results on maxillary anterior teeth: A Retrospective Cohort Study. J Orthod Sci 2021; 10:15. [PMID: 34568211 PMCID: PMC8423157 DOI: 10.4103/jos.jos_45_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To comparatively evaluate the ability of three different customized lingual appliance systems in achieving predicted results with respect to the mesiodistal crown tip, labiolingual crown inclination, in–out position of Maxillary permanent anterior teeth, and Maxillary arch form. METHODS: Three commercial houses: Incognito, iLingual 3D, and Lingual matrix were analysed in this study. The final sample size consisted of 42 cases. Fourteen digital prediction and posttreatment models of the maxillary arch were provided by three orthodontic offices each using a different system. Discrepancies between the prediction and posttreatment model in mesiodistal tip, labiolingual inclination, in–out position of anterior teeth, and arch form were analyzed. RESULTS: Incognito displayed the highest accuracy in all parameters except for in–out positioning. Lingual Matrix showed greater precision in achieving planned mesiodistal positions than labiolingual inclination while it was just the opposite for iLingual 3D. All three systems proved to be clinically reliable in achieving the predicted in–out positions of permanent Maxillary anterior teeth. CONCLUSION: These systems were considerably accurate in achieving planned treatment goals with minute deviations from the predicted value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floyd Fernandes
- Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Private Practice, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ravindranath V Krishnan
- Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, MGM Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vivek Patni
- Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, MGM Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nikhilesh Vaid
- MDS Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Professor, European University, Dubai
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Antonio P, Costantino B, Silvia C, Marina M, Paolo P, Alessio V, Pasquale R. Arothron: An R package for geometric morphometric methods and virtual anthropology applications. Am J Phys Anthropol 2021; 176:144-151. [PMID: 34117635 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The statistical analysis of fossil remains is essential to understand the evolution of the genus Homo. Unfortunately, the human fossil record is straight away scarce and plagued with severe loss of information caused by taphonomic processes. The recently developed field of Virtual Anthropology helps to ameliorate this situation by using digital techniques to restore damaged and incomplete fossils. MATERIALS AND METHODS We present the package Arothron, an R software suite meant to process and analyze digital models of skeletal elements. Arothron includes tools to digitally extract virtual cavities such as cranial endocasts, to statistically align disarticulated or broken bony elements, and to visualize local variations between surface meshes and landmark configurations. RESULTS We describe the main functionalities of Arothron and illustrate their usage through reproducible case studies. We describe a tool for segmentation of skeletal cavities by showing its application on a malleus bone, a Neanderthal tooth, and a modern human cranium, reproducing their shape and calculating their volume. We illustrate how to digitally align a disarticulated model of a modern human cranium, and how to combine piecemeal shape information on individual specimens into one. In addition, we present useful visualization tools by comparing the morphological differences between the right hemisphere of the Neanderthal and the modern human brain. CONCLUSIONS The Arothron R package is designed to study digital models of fossil specimens. By using Arothron, scientists can handle digital models with ease, investigate the inner morphology of 3D skeletal models, gain a full representation of the original shapes of damaged specimens, and compare shapes across specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Profico Antonio
- PalaeoHub, Department of Archaeology, Hull York Medical School University of York, Heslington, United Kingdom
| | - Buzi Costantino
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy.,DFG Center for Advanced Studies "Words, Bones, Genes, Tools", Universität Tübingen, Rümelinstraße, 23, 72070, Tübingen
| | - Castiglione Silvia
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e delle Risorse, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Melchionna Marina
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e delle Risorse, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Piras Paolo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Strutturale e Geotecnica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via Eudossiana, 18, Rome, 00184, Italy
| | | | - Raia Pasquale
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e delle Risorse, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Sigvardsson J, Nilsson S, Ransjö M, Westerlund A. Digital Quantification of Occlusal Contacts: A Methodological Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:5297. [PMID: 34065755 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the reliability of digital occlusal contacts quantification and the validity of digital occlusal contacts quantification with traditional methods used for occlusal contact determination. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Thirty participants, all of whom were students at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg in Gothenburg, Sweden, were included in the study. Three different methods were used to evaluate occlusal contacts: (I) a digital examination of the patients' casts, using the Ortho 3D Models (O3DM) software and measuring the total occlusal contact area in square millimeters (DE); (II) an examination involving the measurement of the total number of occlusal contacts on stone casts mounted in an articulator (AE); and (III) a clinical examination with the measurement of the total number of occlusal contacts with 8 μm-thick articulating foil (CE). RESULTS The repeated digital measurements (same casts scanned multiple times) showed a significant correlation of 0.85 (p < 0.01), which shows a diagnostic consistency. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between the results obtained with the DE method and the AE of 0.41 (p < 0.05), and between those acquired with the AE method and the CE of 0.37 (p < 0.05). However, no significant correlation was found between the DE method and the CE method with a correlation coefficient of 0.10 (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Digital casts can be used for quantification of the total occlusal contact area (in mm2) owing to the high reliability of repeated measurements and the strong validity of the method compared to traditionally employed stone cast measurements.
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Gera A, Gera S, Dalstra M, Cattaneo PM, Cornelis MA. Validity and Reproducibility of the Peer Assessment Rating Index Scored on Digital Models Using a Software Compared with Traditional Manual Scoring. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10081646. [PMID: 33924334 PMCID: PMC8070578 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10081646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the validity and reproducibility of digital scoring of the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) index and its components using a software, compared with conventional manual scoring on printed model equivalents. The PAR index was scored on 15 cases at pre- and post-treatment stages by two operators using two methods: first, digitally, on direct digital models using Ortho Analyzer software; and second, manually, on printed model equivalents using a digital caliper. All measurements were repeated at a one-week interval. Paired sample t-tests were used to compare PAR scores and its components between both methods and raters. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) were used to compute intra- and inter-rater reproducibility. The error of the method was calculated. The agreement between both methods was analyzed using Bland-Altman plots. There were no significant differences in the mean PAR scores between both methods and both raters. ICC for intra- and inter-rater reproducibility was excellent (≥0.95). All error-of-the-method values were smaller than the associated minimum standard deviation. Bland-Altman plots confirmed the validity of the measurements. PAR scoring on digital models showed excellent validity and reproducibility compared with manual scoring on printed model equivalents by means of a digital caliper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa Gera
- Section of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, C 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (A.G.); (S.G.); (M.D.)
| | - Shadi Gera
- Section of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, C 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (A.G.); (S.G.); (M.D.)
| | - Michel Dalstra
- Section of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, C 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (A.G.); (S.G.); (M.D.)
| | - Paolo M. Cattaneo
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia;
| | - Marie A. Cornelis
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia;
- Correspondence:
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Xia Y, Ma C, Chen J, Witter DJ, Zhang Q, Creugers NHJ. Mandibular residual ridge morphology in relation to complete dentures and implant overdentures-Part I: Predictors for perceived conventional denture stability. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2021; 23:131-139. [PMID: 33592676 DOI: 10.1111/cid.12976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is lack of reliable predictors for success of conventional complete denture (CCD) therapy, which in turn might affect the effectiveness of subsequent implant-retained overdenture (IOD) therapy. PURPOSE To investigate relationships between digitally obtained geometrical mandibular residual ridge measures and perceived CCD-stability. MATERIALS AND METHODS 30 CCD wearing patients (67.9 ± 7.0 years) for whom a new set of CCDs was advised, were treated with new CCDs. Digitalized mandibular gypsum models were measured using the Geomagic Studio 2013 software. Data were obtained for (1) height, width, and cross-section surface area of the residual ridge at different locations (midline, premolar, and anterior edge of retromolar pad) and (2) denture base surface area. Scatter plots and multivariate regression analyses were used to investigate associations between the geometric data and denture base surface area, and correlated with denture stability scores (Spearman rank test). RESULTS Scatter plots showed that best model fit for denture base surface area was mean ridge height (R2 = 0.906). Multivariate regression showed that height at premolar location (p = 0.001) had largest effect on denture base surface area (R2 = 0.796). Ridge morphology variables, except width at midline location, were significantly correlated with CCD-stability (p-values <0.05). CCD-stability was significantly correlated with denture base surface area (p ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSION Residual ridge height at premolar location was most predictive for denture base surface area and perceived CCD-stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuning Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chufan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Air Force Medical Center, Fourth Military Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jihua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dick J Witter
- Department of Oral Function and Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dental Science, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Oral Function and Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dental Science, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nico H J Creugers
- Department of Oral Function and Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dental Science, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Murugesan A, Sivakumar A. Comparison of accuracy of mesiodistal tooth measurements made in conventional study models and digital models obtained from intraoral scan and desktop scan of study models. J Orthod 2020; 47:149-155. [PMID: 32195636 DOI: 10.1177/1465312520910755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the measured values obtained from the plaster model, digital models created by scanning the plaster models and direct intraoral scanning with the values obtained from direct intraoral measurements. DESIGN This was a prospective clinical study. SETTING The study was conducted in Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Tamil Nadu, India. PARTICIPANTS Ten patients before the start of orthodontic treatment were selected for the study. METHODS A computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD-CAM) system is an advanced technology that is being adopted in the field of orthodontics for diagnosis, treatment planning and documentation of patient records. Mesiodistal tooth width measurements of first premolars, canines, lateral incisors and central incisors, and transverse width measurement from mesial pit of right first premolar to mesial pit of left first premolar in both maxilla and mandible were obtained from direct intraoral measurement (gold standard), study model obtained from alginate impression, intraoral scanned image, and desktop scanned image of the study model. Descriptive statistics and ANOVA was performed to find the difference in mean among the groups. RESULTS A P value > 0.05 was obtained in ANOVA indicating that there is no statistically significant difference in the measurements obtained by either of the methods. CONCLUSION Conventional stone models and digital models obtained from intraoral scan and desktop scanning of plaster models are clinically reliable as the variations in measurements obtained from these methods were clinically negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arathi Murugesan
- Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Arvind Sivakumar
- Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
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Al-Rimawi A, Shaheen E, Albdour EA, Shujaat S, Politis C, Jacobs R. Trueness of cone beam computed tomography versus intra-oral scanner derived three-dimensional digital models: An ex vivo study. Clin Oral Implants Res 2019; 30:498-504. [PMID: 30977212 DOI: 10.1111/clr.13434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the trueness of 3D digital models derived from CBCT and IOS and to evaluate their accuracy for implementation in oral implant rehabilitation. MATERIALS AND METHODS A dry human mandible with a full set of intact teeth was included in the study. The mandible was scanned using Trios IOS and four different CBCT machines with various protocols for generation of 3D digital models. A µCT was utilized to scan each tooth individually. Following registration and segmentation, the trueness evaluation of 3D digital models was carried out by part comparison analysis and color-coded mapping of the superimposed teeth surfaces. RESULTS The four CBCT-derived 3D digital models with different protocols had better trueness than Trios IOS. NewTom VGi evo (110 KV), ProMax 3D (90 kV), 3D Accuitomo 170 (90 kV), Green 21 (110 kV), and Green 21 (90 kV) showed significantly better trueness than IOS. However, 3D Accuitomo 170 and ProMax 3D CBCT devices with 70 kV protocol showed better trueness without any significant difference with IOS. CONCLUSION CBCT-derived 3D digital models showed better trueness when compared with IOS. When CBCT data are available for preoperative planning for oral implant rehabilitation, it may preclude the need for IOS for obtaining 3D study models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Al-Rimawi
- OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leuven and Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Dentistry, Royal Medical Services, Jordanian Armed Forces, Amman, Jordan
| | - Eman Shaheen
- OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leuven and Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Emad A Albdour
- OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leuven and Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Dentistry, Royal Medical Services, Jordanian Armed Forces, Amman, Jordan
| | - Sohaib Shujaat
- OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leuven and Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Constantinus Politis
- OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leuven and Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Reinhilde Jacobs
- OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leuven and Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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16
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Ke XP, Wang CW, Sun HQ, Yang Y, Luo XY, Liu TS. A quantitative research on clinical parameters of gingival contour for anterior teeth esthetic analysis and design. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2018; 30:532-537. [PMID: 30375155 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To provide reference for computer-aided esthetic analysis and design of the maxillary anterior teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS Intraoral scanner was used to obtain the maxillary three-dimensional digital models of subjects with healthy periodontal tissue. In SpaceClaim, the occlusal plane was established as the horizontal reference plane to measure the positional relation between the gingival zenith (GZ) of the maxillary anterior teeth, the angle formed between the gingival line and the maxillary midline (GLA), the distance between the GZ of the lateral incisor and gingival line (LID), and the distance between the GZ and the vertical bisected middle surface along the long axis of the clinical crown (VBMS). RESULTS The GLA was 92.7 ± 3.2°. The GZ of the canine, lateral incisor, and left central incisor were located to the GZ of the right central incisor coronally at 0.68 ± 0.91, 0.65 ± 0.66 mm, and apically at 0.12 ± 0.42 mm, respectively. The LID was 0.65 ± 0.92 mm. The GZ of the canine, lateral incisor, and central incisor were located distally to the VBMS at 0.00 ± 0.06, 0.27 ± 0.19, and 0.73 ± 0.21 mm, respectively. CONCLUSION The GZ at different tooth position are in different heights. The direction and degree of the GZ deviation from the VBMS are also related to tooth position. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The clinical parameters of the gingival contour obtained in this research can be used for patients with unsound contour of periodontal soft tissue to do the anterior teeth esthetic analysis. Besides, it can also be used to determine the proper position between the GZs of the maxillary anterior teeth in anterior teeth esthetic design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Ping Ke
- College of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Cun-Wei Wang
- College of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hui-Qiang Sun
- College of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Jinan, Shandong province, China
| | - Yun Yang
- College of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xia-Yan Luo
- College of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ting-Song Liu
- College of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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McCrory E, McGuinness NJ, Ulhaq A. Reproducibility of the index of orthognathic functional treatment need scores derived from plaster study casts and their three-dimensional digital equivalents: a pilot study. J Orthod 2018. [PMID: 29514564 DOI: 10.1080/14653125.2018.1444540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the reproducibility of Index of Orthognathic Functional Treatment Need (IOFTN) scores derived from plaster casts and their three-dimensional (3D) digital equivalents. DESIGN Pilot study, prospective analytical. SETTING UK hospital orthodontic department. PARTICIPANTS Thirty casts and their digital equivalents, representing the pre-treatment malocclusions of patients requiring orthodontic-orthognathic surgical treatment, were scored by four clinicians using IOFTN. METHODS Casts were scanned using a 3Shape digital scanner and 3D models produced using OrthoAnalyzerTM (3Shape Ltd, Copenhagen, Denmark). Examiners independently determined the IOFTN scores for the casts and digital models, to test their inter- and intra-operator reliability using weighted Kappa scores. RESULTS Intra-operator agreement with IOFTN major categories (1-5: treatment need) was very good for plaster casts (0.83-0.98) and good-very good for digital models (0.78-0.83). Inter-operator agreement was moderate-very good for casts (0.58-0.82) and good-very good for digital models (0.65-0.92). Intra-operator agreement with IOFTN sub-categories (1-14: feature of malocclusion) was good-very good for casts (0.70-0.97) and digital models (0.80-0.94). Inter-operator agreement was moderate-good for casts (0.53-0.77); and moderate-very good for the digital models (0.58-0.90). CONCLUSIONS Digital models are an acceptable alternative to plaster casts for examining the malocclusion of patients requiring combined orthodontic-orthognathic surgical treatment and determining treatment need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma McCrory
- a Department of Orthodontics , Edinburgh Dental Institute , Edinburgh , EH3 9HA , UK
| | - Niall Jp McGuinness
- a Department of Orthodontics , Edinburgh Dental Institute , Edinburgh , EH3 9HA , UK
| | - Aman Ulhaq
- a Department of Orthodontics , Edinburgh Dental Institute , Edinburgh , EH3 9HA , UK
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18
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Saadeh M, Ghafari JG, Haddad RV, Ayoub F. Association among geometric configurations of palatal rugae. J Forensic Odontostomatol 2017; 35:33-41. [PMID: 29381483 PMCID: PMC6035754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The associations between the length and morphological shape-related characteristics of palatal rugae have not been fully explored. OBJECTIVE We aimed to assess the possible association among various geometric configurations of the palatal rugae in an adult population. MATERIALS AND METHODS The maxillary dental casts of 217 non-growing subjects (95 males, 122 females, mean age 25.5±7.6 years) were scanned (laser scanning system Perceptron ScanWorks® V5) and digitized for linear measurements. The casts were also surveyed for visual categorization into curved, wavy, straight and other topographical forms, along with spatial direction of the rugae and the presence of unification. The rugae were categorized as primary, secondary, and fragmentary based on their lengths (> 5mm, 2-3mm, < 2mm, respectively). Chi square and one-way ANOVA and post-hoc tests were used to compare the palatal rugae groupings. RESULTS Primary and backward-directed rugae prevailed in the total sample (84.7% and 49.3%, respectively). Wavy form was dominant among primary lengths, while straight form was associated with the shorter secondary and fragmentary groups (p=0.0042). Absence of unification was the norm (88.8%). CONCLUSIONS Associations of length and shape characteristics among palatal rugae combine wavy patterns with increased length, and straight forms with shorter folds. These features contribute to the definition of ruga individuality in combination rather than separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Saadeh
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Joseph G. Ghafari
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Ramzi V. Haddad
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Fouad Ayoub
- Department of Forensic Odontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
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Abstract
Background: While there is literature suggesting that the palatal rugae could be used for human identification, most of these studies use two-dimensional (2D) approach. Aim: The aims of this study were to evaluate palatal ruga patterns using three-dimensional (3D) digital models; compare the most clinically relevant digital model conversion techniques for identification of the palatal rugae; develop a protocol for overlay registration; determine changes in palatal ruga individual patterns through time; and investigate the efficiency and accuracy of 3D matching processes between different individuals’ patterns. Material and Methods: Five cross sections in the anteroposterior dimension and four cross sections in the transverse dimension were computed which generated 18 2D variables. In addition, 13 3D variables were defined: The posterior point of incisive papilla (IP), and the most medial and lateral end points of the palatal rugae (R1MR, R1ML, R1LR, R1LL, R2MR, R2ML, R2LR, R2LL, R3MR, R3ML, R3LR, and R3LL). The deviation magnitude for each variable was statistically analyzed in this study. Five different data sets with the same 31 landmarks were evaluated in this study. Results: The results demonstrated that 2D images and linear measurements in the anteroposterior and transverse dimensions were not sufficient for comparing different digital model conversion techniques using the palatal rugae. 3D digital models proved to be a highly effective tool in evaluating different palatal ruga patterns. The 3D landmarks showed no statistically significant mean differences over time or as a result of orthodontic treatment. No statistically significant mean differences were found between different digital model conversion techniques, that is, between OrthoCAD™ and Ortho Insight 3D™, and between Ortho Insight 3D™ and the iTero® scans, when using 12 3D palatal rugae landmarks for comparison. Conclusion: Although 12 palatal 3D landmarks could be used for human identification, certain landmarks were especially important in the matching process and were arranged by strength and importance. Proposed values for 3D palatal landmarks were introduced that could be useful in biometrics and forensic odontology for the verification of human identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia D Taneva
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Andrew Johnson
- Computer Science, College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Grace Viana
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Carla A Evans
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Kumar AA, Phillip A, Kumar S, Rawat A, Priya S, Kumaran V. Digital model as an alternative to plaster model in assessment of space analysis. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2015; 7:S465-9. [PMID: 26538899 PMCID: PMC4606641 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.163506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Digital three-dimensional models are widely used for orthodontic diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to appraise the accuracy of digital models obtained from computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) for tooth-width measurements and the Bolton analysis. Materials and Methods: Digital models (CAD/CAM, CBCT) and plaster model were made for each of 50 subjects. Tooth-width measurements on the digital models (CAD/CAM, CBCT) were compared with those on the corresponding plaster models. The anterior and overall Bolton ratios were calculated for each participant and for each method. The paired t-test was applied to determine the validity. Results: Tooth-width measurements, anterior, and overall Bolton ratio of digital models of CAD/CAM and CBCT did not differ significantly from those on the plaster models. Conclusion: Hence, both CBCT and CAD/CAM are trustable and promising technique that can replace plaster models due to its overwhelming advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Anand Kumar
- Department of Orthodontics, JKK Nattraja Dental College, Komarapalayam, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abraham Phillip
- Department of Orthodontics, JKK Nattraja Dental College, Komarapalayam, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sathesh Kumar
- Department of Orthodontics, JKK Nattraja Dental College, Komarapalayam, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anuradha Rawat
- Department of Orthodontics, JKK Nattraja Dental College, Komarapalayam, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sakthi Priya
- Department of Orthodontics, JKK Nattraja Dental College, Komarapalayam, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V Kumaran
- Department of Orthodontics, JKK Nattraja Dental College, Komarapalayam, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
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Abstract
Dental morphology and patterns of tooth replacement in representatives of the clade Pliosauridae (Reptilia, Sauropterygia) are evaluated in detail. The jaws of one basal (Thalassiodracon hawkinsii) and two derived species (Pliosaurus carpenteri, Pliosaurus kevani) were visualized by μCT scans, and the ontogenetic patterns, or 'movement paths', of replacement teeth could be mapped. Other specimens (Peloneustes philarchus and Pliosaurus westbuyensis) with well-preserved jaws containing functional and replacement teeth in situ were also examined directly, and waves of tooth replacement could be inferred from the degree of in situ tooth development and the fusion between functional and replacement alveoli. The analysis revealed symmetrical tooth eruption over the medial axis throughout the length of the jaw in the basal pliosaurid Thalassiodracon. By contrast, symmetrical tooth eruption patterns occur only along the anterior sections of the jaws of derived pliosaurids. In Pliosaurus, replacement schedules differ in the anterior and posterior portions of the jaws and appear to correlate with differences in tooth morphology and symmetrical replacement. The anterior teeth exhibit longer replacement cycle periods and symmetrical replacement, while shorter cycle periods and asymmetry are seen posteriorly. A longer period suggests slower replacement and is characteristic of large, specialized caniniform teeth in the longer snouted Late Jurassic taxa. Smaller posterior teeth have a shorter period and therefore a faster replacement cycle. The transition from long to short replacement period over the length of the jaw is thought to account for the loss of symmetry. This differentiation could relate to differential tooth function and a type of heterodonty. We therefore propose a new model of pliosaurid tooth replacement patterns and present it in a phylogenetic context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judyth Sassoon
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Wills Memorial Building, Queen’s Road, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK
| | - Davide Foffa
- School of GeoSciences, Grant Institute, University of Edinburgh, The King’s Buildings, James Hutton Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FE, UK
| | - Ryan Marek
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, University of Liverpool, Duncan Building, Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
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Kašparová M, Procházka A, Grajciarová L, Yadollahi M, Vyšata O, Dostálová T. Evaluation of dental morphometrics during the orthodontic treatment. Biomed Eng Online 2014; 13:68. [PMID: 24893983 PMCID: PMC4058703 DOI: 10.1186/1475-925x-13-68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnostic orthodontic and prosthetic procedures commence with an initial examination, during which a number of individual findings on occlusion or malocclusion are clarified. Nowadays we try to replace standard plaster casts by scanned objects and digital models. METHOD Geometrically calibrated images aid in the comparison of several different steps of the treatment and show the variation of selected features belonging to individual biomedical objects. The methods used are based on geometric morphometrics, making a new approach to the evaluation of the variability of features. The study presents two different methods of measurement and shows their accuracy and reliability. RESULTS The experimental part of the present paper is devoted to the analysis of the dental arch objects of 24 patients before and after the treatment using the distances between the canines and premolars as the features important for diagnostic purposes. Our work proved the advantage of measuring digitalized orthodontic models over manual measuring of plaster casts, with statistically significant results and accuracy sufficient for dental practice. CONCLUSION A new method of computer imaging and measurements of a dental stone cast provides information with the precision required for orthodontic treatment. The results obtained point to the reduction in the variance of the distances between the premolars and canines during the treatment, with a regression coefficient RC=0.7 and confidence intervals close enough for dental practice. The ratio of these distances pointed to the nearly constant value of this measure close to 0.84 for the given set of 24 individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdaléna Kašparová
- Department of Paediatric Stomatology, The Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, V Úvalu 84, 150 06 Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Procházka
- Department of Computing and Control Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology in Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Grajciarová
- Department of Computing and Control Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology in Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Mohammadreza Yadollahi
- Department of Computing and Control Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology in Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Oldřich Vyšata
- Department of Neurology, Charles University, Sokolská 581, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Tat’jana Dostálová
- Department of Paediatric Stomatology, The Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, V Úvalu 84, 150 06 Prague 5, Czech Republic
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Shastry S, Park JH. Evaluation of the use of digital study models in postgraduate orthodontic programs in the United States and Canada. Angle Orthod 2014; 84:62-7. [PMID: 23742197 PMCID: PMC8683047 DOI: 10.2319/030813-197.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the extent, experience, and trends associated with digital model use, as well as the advantages of using a particular study model type (digital or plaster) in postgraduate orthodontic programs in the United States and Canada. MATERIALS AND METHODS An electronic survey consisting of 14 questions was sent to 72 program directors or chairpersons of accredited orthodontic postgraduate programs in the United States and Canada. RESULTS Fifty-one responded for a 71% response rate. Sixty-five percent of the schools use plaster study models compared with 35% that use digital models. The most common advantages of plaster models were a three-dimensional feel and the ability for them to be mounted on an articulator. The most common advantages of digital models were the ease of storage and retrieval, and the residents' exposure to new technology. About one third of the plaster model users reported that they wanted to switch to digital models in the future, with 12% planning to do so within 1 year. CONCLUSIONS Based on our study, 35% of accredited orthodontic postgraduate programs in the United States and Canada are using digital study models in most cases treated in their programs, and the trend is for increased digital model use in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Shastry
- Shruti Shastry, Postgraduate Orthodontic Resident, Arizona School of Dentistry & Oral Health, AT Still University, Mesa, Ariz
| | - Jae Hyun Park
- Jae Hyun Park, Associate Professor and Chair, Postgraduate Orthodontic Program, Arizona School of Dentistry & Oral Health, AT Still University, Mesa, Ariz and Adjunct Professor, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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Grauer D, Cevidanes LH, Tyndall D, Styner MA, Flood PM, Proffit WR. REGISTRATION OF ORTHODONTIC DIGITAL MODELS. Craniofac Growth Ser 2011; 48:377-391. [PMID: 26549917 PMCID: PMC4636130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Current methods to assess outcomes and change in orthodontics are comparison of photographs, cephalometric measurements and superimpositions, and comparisons/measurements on dental casts. Digital models are a relatively new records modality in orthodontics. They offer numerous advantages in terms of storage space, spatial registration and superimposition. The purpose of this chapter is to determine the reproducibility of: 1) establishing occlusion of independently scanned digital models; and 2) registering digital models obtained after treatment on their homologous digital model setups produced before treatment. Reliability of both procedures was assessed with two random samples of five patient's models. In both experiments, three replicate positionings of the models per patient were created and variability in position was evaluated by the maximum surface difference between replicates, and the standard deviation of the surface distances between replicates respectively. Based on the data obtained, we concluded that it is reliable to register independently scanned models to a scanned surface of the models in occlusion. Surface-to-surface registration of final orthodontic digital models to planned setup models also is reproducible.
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Kau CH, Littlefield J, Rainy N, Nguyen JT, Creed B. Evaluation of CBCT digital models and traditional models using the Little's Index. Angle Orthod 2010; 80:435-439. [PMID: 20050733 PMCID: PMC8985722 DOI: 10.2319/083109-491.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2009] [Accepted: 10/01/2009] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if measurements obtained from digital models from cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were comparable to the traditional method of digital study models by impressions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Digital models of 30 subjects were used. InVivoDental (Anatomage, San Jose, Calif) software was used to analyze CBCT scans taken by a Galileos cone beam scanner (Sirona, Charlotte, NC) with a field of view of 15 x 15 x 15 cm(3) and a voxel resolution of 0.125 mm. OrthoCAD (Cadent, Fairview, NJ) software was used to analyze impression scans of patients at different stages of orthodontic treatment. Impressions were taken using alginate and were mailed to OrthoCAD for digital conversion. The scans were then electronically returned in digital format for analysis. RESULTS The maxillary mean scores for the Little's Index were 9.65 mm for digital models and 8.87 mm for InVivoDental models, respectively. The mandibular mean scores for the Little's Index were 6.41 mm for digital models and 6.27 mm for InVivoDental models, respectively. The mean overjet measurements were 3.32 mm for digital models and 3.52 mm for InVivoDental models, respectively. The overbite measurements were 2.29 mm for digital models and 2.26 mm for InVivoDental models, respectively. The paired t-test showed no statistical significance between the differences in all measurements. CONCLUSIONS CBCT digital models are as accurate as OrthoCAD digital models in making linear measurements for overjet, overbite, and crowding measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung How Kau
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 77030, USA.
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