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Pinto TG, Takeshita WM, Renno ACM, Cury PR, Dos Santos JJ, Ribeiro DA. Is micronucleus assay a useful marker in gingiva, tongue, and palate for evaluating cytogenetic damage induced by chemical, physical, and biological agents in vivo? A systematic review with meta-analysis. J Appl Toxicol 2024. [PMID: 38951124 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
The present systematic review (SR) aims to evaluate manuscripts in order to help further elucidate the following question: is the micronucleus assay (MA) also a useful marker in gingiva, tongue, and palate for evaluating cytogenetic damage in vivo? A search was performed through the electronic databases PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science, all studies published up to December 2023. The comparisons were defined as standardized mean difference (SMD), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were established. Full manuscripts from 34 studies were carefully selected and reviewed in this setting. Our results demonstrate that the MA may be a useful biomarker of gingival tissue damage in vivo, and this tissue could be a useful alternative to the buccal mucosa. The meta-analysis analyzing the different sites regardless of the deleterious factor studied, the buccal mucosa (SMD = 0.69, 95% CI, - 0.49 to 1.88, p = 0.25) and gingiva (SMD = 0.31, 95% CI, - 0.11 to 0.72, p = 0.15), showed similar results and different outcome for the tongue (SMD = 1.19, 95% CI, 0.47 to 1.91, p = 0.001). In summary, our conclusion suggests that the MA can be a useful marker for detecting DNA damage in gingiva in vivo and that this tissue could be effective site for smearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Guedes Pinto
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Wilton Mitsunari Takeshita
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Muniz Renno
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Patricia Ramos Cury
- Dentistry and Health Postgraduate Program, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Jean Junes Dos Santos
- Dentistry and Health Postgraduate Program, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Daniel Araki Ribeiro
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil
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Hashim N, Babiker R, Mohammed R, Rehman MM, Chaitanya NC, Gobara B. NLRP3 Inflammasome in Autoinflammatory Diseases and Periodontitis Advance in the Management. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2024; 16:S1110-S1119. [PMID: 38882867 PMCID: PMC11174327 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1118_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory chemicals are released by the immune system in response to any perceived danger, including irritants and pathogenic organisms. The caspase activation and the response of inflammation are governed by inflammasomes, which are sensors and transmitters of the innate immune system. They have always been linked to swelling and pain. Research has mainly concentrated on the NOD-like protein transmitter 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. Interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-18 are pro-inflammatory cytokines that are activated by the NOD-like antibody protein receptor 3 (NLRP3), which controls innate immune responses. The NLRP3 inflammasome has been associated with gum disease and other autoimmune inflammatory diseases in several studies. Scientists' discovery of IL-1's central role in the pathophysiology of numerous autoimmune disorders has increased public awareness of these conditions. The first disease to be connected with aberrant inflammasome activation was the autoinflammatory cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS). Targeted therapeutics against IL-1 have been delayed in development because their underlying reasons are poorly understood. The NLRP3 inflammasome has recently been related to higher production and activation in periodontitis. Multiple periodontal cell types are controlled by the NLRP3 inflammasome. To promote osteoclast genesis, the NLRP3 inflammasome either increases receptor-activator of nuclear factor kappa beta ligand (RANKL) synthesis or decreases osteoclast-promoting gene (OPG) levels. By boosting cytokines that promote inflammation in the periodontal ligament fibroblasts and triggering apoptosis in osteoblasts, the NLRP3 inflammasome regulates immune cell activity. These findings support further investigation into the NLRP3 inflammasome as a therapeutic target for the medical treatment of periodontitis. This article provides a short overview of the NLRP3 inflammatory proteins and discusses their role in the onset of autoinflammatory disorders (AIDs) and periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Hashim
- RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras al-Khaimah, UAE
| | - Rasha Babiker
- RAK College of Medical Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras-al-Khaimah, UAE
| | - Riham Mohammed
- RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras al-Khaimah, UAE
| | | | - Nallan Csk Chaitanya
- RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras al-Khaimah, UAE
| | - Bakri Gobara
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
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Serikova OV, Shumilovich BR, Filippova ZA, Kalaev VN, Kalaeva EA, Larina AV. Nuclear aberrations in the gingival epithelium of patients with chronic periodontitis. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2023; 27:374-380. [PMID: 37593557 PMCID: PMC10431217 DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_18_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Context Periodontitis characterized by mild symptoms in the early stages, which makes diagnostics problematic. The gingival epithelium can be used for micronucleus assay since gums are the area affected by the disease. Aims The aim of the study was to study the frequency of occurrence and the range of nuclear anomalies in gingival epithelium of healthy people and people with periodontitis. Settings and Design Scrapings of the gingival epithelium were made next to the central incisors (1.1) and molar teeth (1.7) in control and experimental groups (ten healthy males 35-50 years old and 10 males with periodontitis). Materials and Methods The preparations were stained by Romanowsky-Giemsa. The frequency of nuclear aberrations (‰), the accumulation index, and the repair index were determined. Statistical Analysis Used The differences in the medians of nuclear aberrations were determined using Wilcoxon and the Van-der-Waerden tests. The pathology proportions were compared using the Z-test. To determine the predictors of periodontitis, receiver operator characteristic analysis was used. For multiple comparisons, the Bonferroni correction was used. Results In the experimental group, the range of nuclear aberrations was wider, the ratio of karyolysis in the unaffected area was higher, than that in control; perinuclear vacuoles were fewer and macronuclei were more in the affected area. The frequency of cells with micronuclei over 1.33‰ in the affected area is the periodontitis marker. Conclusions Gingival epithelium can be used in micronucleus assay. Micronucleus test revealed a wider range of nuclear aberrations in the cells of the gingival epithelium and a higher frequency of occurrence of micronuclei in patients with periodontal disease compared to healthy subjects. Therefore, cytological signs of the inflammation appear earlier than the clinical ones and are verified more clearly. The markers of apoptosis and destruction of nuclei, and low repair index indicate normal elimination of damaged cells. An increased accumulation index in people with periodontitis may indicate the risk of malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Vasil’evna Serikova
- Department of Dentistry of the Institute of Further Professional Education, Voronezh State Medical University Named after N. N. Burdenko, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Bogdan Romanovich Shumilovich
- Department of Dentistry of the Institute of Further Professional Education, Voronezh State Medical University Named after N. N. Burdenko, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Zoya Alexandrovna Filippova
- Department of Dentistry of the Institute of Further Professional Education, Voronezh State Medical University Named after N. N. Burdenko, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Vladislav Nikolaevich Kalaev
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Medical and Biological Faculty, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Elena Anatol’evna Kalaeva
- Department of Biophysics and Biotechnology, Medical and Biological Faculty, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Anna Viktorovna Larina
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Medical and Biological Faculty, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia
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Alkan B, Koroglu-Aydin P. The effects of smoking on genotoxic and histopathologic damage in exfoliated oral epithelial cells and the periodontium: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33140. [PMID: 36827003 PMCID: PMC11309656 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Smoking negatively affects the prognosis of periodontal disease by impairing tissue healing. While micronucleus is the most popular parameter for demonstrating DNA damage, inflammatory cell and vascular densities are the most evaluated parameters for determining histopathologic changes in the periodontium. This study aimed to study the effects of periodontitis and cigarette smoking on genotoxic changes in exfoliated oral epithelial cells and histopathologic changes in periodontal tissue. A cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2018 and July 2019 at a dental university hospital in Turkey, and registered as NCT05484765. Eighty systemically healthy subjects were divided into four groups according to periodontal status and smoking habits: 20 smokers with generalized periodontitis (SGP), 20 nonsmokers with generalized periodontitis (NGP), 20 smokers with healthy periodontium (SHP), and 20 nonsmokers with healthy periodontium (NHP). For each study participant, full-mouth clinical periodontal parameters (CPPs) were measured, smear samples were taken from buccal and gingival mucosa, and periodontal tissue was biopsied from the maxillary molars. Cytogenetic and histopathologic assays (primary and secondary outcomes) were conducted using Feulgen reaction and hematoxylin-eosin staining, respectively. The mean CPPs of healthy periodontium groups were lower than generalized periodontitis groups. No significant differences were found between other groups regarding CPPs. Buccal micronuclei counts in groups decreased with the highest to lowest counts occurring in the order SGP > SHP > NGP > NHP. Gingival micronuclei counts in groups decreased from SGP > SHP > NGP = NHP. The most intense inflammatory cell and vascular densities occurred in SGP and NGP groups, respectively; and the mildest values were in healthy periodontium groups. Histopathological damage score decreased significantly by group in order SGP > NGP > SHP > NHP. The synergy arising from the combination of smoking and periodontitis exposures exacerbates genotoxic and histopathologic damage in oral cells and the periodontium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begum Alkan
- Private Practice of Periodontology, Istanbul, Turkey (formerly Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey)
| | - Pinar Koroglu-Aydin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Halic University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Gutiérrez-Sevilla JE, Cárdenas-Bedoya J, Escoto-Delgadillo M, Zúñiga-González GM, Pérez-Ríos AM, Gómez-Meda BC, González-Enríquez GV, Figarola-Centurión I, Chavarría-Avila E, Torres-Mendoza BM. Genomic instability in people living with HIV. Mutat Res 2021; 865:503336. [PMID: 33865542 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2021.503336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The increased life expectancy of people living with HIV (PLWH) receiving antiretroviral treatment (ART) has transformed HIV infection into a chronic disease. However, patients may be at risk of accelerated aging and the accumulation of cellular damage, which may trigger the development of cancer. We evaluated genomic instability in HIV-positive individuals with different viral loads receiving antiretroviral treatment (ART) and in HIV ART-naïve individuals. We included 67 participants divided into four groups: group 1 (n = 24) HIV patients receiving reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (tenofovir/ emtricitabine/ efavirenz and abacavir/ lamivudine/ efavirenz), group 2 (n = 22) HIV patients receiving protease inhibitors combined with other antiretroviral drugs (tenofovir/ emtricitabine with ritonavir/ atazanavir or lopinavir/ ritonavir, and darunavir/ ritonavir/ raltegravir), group 3 (n = 13) HIV ART-naïve patients, and group 4 (n = 8) healthy individuals (controls). Nuclear abnormalities in buccal mucosal samples (micronuclei, binucleated cells, nuclear buds, karyorrhexis, karyolysis, and pyknosis) were quantified. Simultaneously, blood samples were taken to quantify CD4+, CD8+, and HIV viral load. There was a significant age difference between HIV ART-naïve patients and receiving ART groups. Infection time was longer in HIV patients with ART than in ART-naïve patients. There were no differences in sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, or number of micronucleated cells between the study groups. We found higher frequencies of binucleated cells and nuclear buds in HIV patients, HIV ART-naïve, and HIV ART patients compared to the control group. We found a positive correlation between nuclear buds and CD4/CD8 ratio in the HIV ART-naïve group. In conclusion, PLWH showed increased genomic instability. The CD4/CD8 ratio affects the numbers of nuclear buds and binucleated cells. These findings are pertinent to mechanisms of damage and possible strategies to mitigate carcinogenesis in PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ernesto Gutiérrez-Sevilla
- Laboratorio de Inmunodeficiencias y Retrovirus Humanos, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Mexico; Laboratorio de Mutagénesis, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Mexico; Maestría en Microbiología Médica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Jhonathan Cárdenas-Bedoya
- Laboratorio de Inmunodeficiencias y Retrovirus Humanos, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Mexico; Departamento de Disciplinas Filosófico, Metodológicas e Instrumentales, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Martha Escoto-Delgadillo
- Laboratorio de Inmunodeficiencias y Retrovirus Humanos, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Mexico; Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Moisés Zúñiga-González
- Laboratorio de Mutagénesis, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Alma Minerva Pérez-Ríos
- Servicio de Infectología, Hospital General Regional 110, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Belinda Claudia Gómez-Meda
- Instituto de Genética Humana "Dr. Enrique Corona Rivera", Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Gracia Viviana González-Enríquez
- Departamento de Disciplinas Filosófico, Metodológicas e Instrumentales, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Izchel Figarola-Centurión
- Laboratorio de Inmunodeficiencias y Retrovirus Humanos, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Mexico; Doctorado en Genética Humana, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Efraín Chavarría-Avila
- Departamento de Disciplinas Filosófico, Metodológicas e Instrumentales, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Blanca Miriam Torres-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Inmunodeficiencias y Retrovirus Humanos, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Mexico; Departamento de Disciplinas Filosófico, Metodológicas e Instrumentales, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico.
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Shee F, Pralhad S, Natarajan S, Manaktala N, Arun S, Marathe A. Cellular and Biochemical Changes in Different Categories of Periodontitis: A Patient-based Study. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2020; 10:341-349. [PMID: 32802782 PMCID: PMC7402257 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_42_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to study the effects of periodontitis, diabetes mellitus (DM), and tobacco smoking and chewing habits (TBSCH) on the oxidative stress biomarker levels, namely malondialdehyde (MDA), and the mucosal genotoxic nuclear damage in the marginal gingival cells of subjects. Furthermore, the correlation of the biomarkers, MDA, and nuclear changes in the form of micronucleation (Mn) and binucleation (Bn) was investigated. Materials and Methods: Forty study participants were divided into five subject categories, which were established based on the presence of periodontitis, DM, and TBSCH. Whole saliva and marginal gingival smears collected from subjects were used to determine MDA levels and nuclear changes, respectively. A full-mouth assessment of periodontal pocket depth, clinical attachment loss, and bleeding on probing was performed for each subject to determine periodontal status. Results: MDA and Mn levels between control group and subjects with only periodontitis (MDA: P < 0.9990; Mn: P < 0.8200) showed no significant difference, whereas levels among subjects with DM, TBSCH, and periodontitis, and all other categories were statistically significant (MDA: P < 0.001). DM and/or TBSCH superimposed on periodontitis cause an exponential increase in biomarker levels. Furthermore, MDA and Mn showed poor correlation (r = 0.162; P = 0.318). Periodontitis alone did not significantly increase oxidative stress levels compared to healthy controls, whereas DM and TBSCH resulted in augmented oxidative stress levels, implying that increased stress produced by DM and TBSCH aggravates or exaggerates periodontal inflammation. Conclusion: Poor correlation between MDA and Mn indicated that the mechanisms involved in their production are independent of each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Shee
- Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Swati Pralhad
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Srikant Natarajan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Nidhi Manaktala
- Department of Oral Pathology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - S Arun
- Department of Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Aradhana Marathe
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
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Harshitha B, Subhada B, Mustafa M, Solanki H, Safiya NAM, Tiwari RVC. DNA Laddering to Evaluate Cytogenetic Damage in Patients with Periodontitis. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2019; 9:486-491. [PMID: 31620382 PMCID: PMC6792315 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_245_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Inflammatory conditions show cytogenetic damage in peripheral blood leukocytes and this can be assessed using various tests. Cytogenetic damage as observed in the peripheral blood cells, is a marker of periodontal disease. DNA laddering is a sensitive assay which evaluates the cytogenetic damage. DNA laddering is a feature that can be observed when DNA fragments, resulting from apoptotic DNA fragmentation, are visualised after separation by gel electrophoresis which results in a characteristic “ladder” pattern. Aim: The aim of the present study is to investigate the cytogenetic damage in different forms of periodontitis in comparison with healthy controls. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 15 systemically healthy subjects with moderate to severe chronic periodontitis (CGP), 15 systemically healthy subjects with generalised aggressive periodontitis(GAP) and 15 systemically healthy control subjects were recruited. Blood samples of the patients were drawn and evaluated for the cytogenetic damage by DNA laddering. Results: Apoptotic DNA fragmentation was observed as a “ladder” pattern at 180-200 BP intervals in both CGP and GAP groups indicating the DNA damage, in contrast with the healthy group where the ladder pattern was not observed suggesting of the healthy DNA. Conclusion: The results indicated that there are cytogenetic damages in both the chronic and aggressive periodontitis groups incontrast to the healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baddam Harshitha
- Department of Periodontics and Implantology, Sri Sai College of Dental Surgery, Vikarabad, Telangana, India
| | - Bopparaju Subhada
- Department of Periodontics and Implantology, Sri Sai College of Dental Surgery, Vikarabad, Telangana, India
| | - Mohammed Mustafa
- Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, AlKharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hemlata Solanki
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Surendera dental college and research institute Sriganganagar, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Rahul Vinay Chandra Tiwari
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sri Sai College of Dental Surgery, Vikarabad, Telangana, India
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