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Parveen N, Mondal P, Vanapalli KR, Das A, Goel S. Phytotoxicity of trihalomethanes and trichloroacetic acid on Vigna radiata and Allium cepa plant models. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:5100-5115. [PMID: 38110686 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31419-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Disinfection by-products (DBPs) are a concern due to their presence in chlorinated wastewater, sewage treatment plant discharge, and surface water, and their potential for environmental toxicity. Despite some attention to their ecotoxicity, little is known about the phytotoxicity of DBPs. This study aimed to evaluate the individual and combined phytotoxicity of four trihalomethanes (THMs: trichloromethane (TCM), bromodichloromethane (BDCM), dibromochloromethane (DBCM), and tribromomethane (TBM) and their mixture (THM4)), and trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) using genotoxic and cytotoxic assays. The analysis included seed germination tests using Vigna radiata and root growth tests, mitosis studies, oxidative stress response, chromosomal aberrations (CA), and DNA laddering using Allium cepa. The results showed a progressive increase in root growth inhibition for both plant species as the concentration of DBPs increased. High concentrations of mixtures of four THMs resulted in significant (p < 0.05) antagonistic interactions. The effective concentration (EC50) value for V. radiata was 5655, 3145, 2690, 1465, 3570, and 725 mg/L for TCM, BDCM, DBCM, TBM, THM4, and TCAA, respectively. For A. cepa, the EC50 for the same contaminants was 700, 400, 350, 250, 450, and 105 mg/L, respectively. DBP cytotoxicity was observed through CAs, including C-metaphase, unseparated anaphase, lagging chromosome, sticky metaphase, and bridging. Mitotic depression (MD) increased with dose, reaching up to 54.4% for TCAA (50-500 mg/L). The electrophoresis assay showed DNA fragmentation and shearing, suggesting genotoxicity for some DBPs. The order of phytotoxicity for the tested DBPs was TCAA > TBM > DBCM > BDCM > THM4 > TCM. These findings underscore the need for further research on the phytotoxicity of DBPs, especially given their common use in agricultural practices such as irrigation and the use of sludge as manure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naseeba Parveen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Mizoram, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796012, India
| | - Papiya Mondal
- School of Bioscience, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Kumar Raja Vanapalli
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India.
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Mizoram, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796012, India.
| | - Abhijit Das
- School of Bioscience, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Sudha Goel
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
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Eskandari H, Ehsanpour AA, Al-Mansour N, Bardania H, Sutherland D, Mohammad-Beigi H. Rosmarinic acid inhibits programmed cell death in Solanum tuberosum L. calli under high salinity. Plant Physiol Biochem 2020; 147:54-65. [PMID: 31841962 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress induced by salinity is a prime cause of cell death when Na+ toxicity becomes unbearable. We explored the effect of rosmarinic acid (RA) on the Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Desiree calli against salt-induced programmed cell death (PCD). We showed that PCD events were triggered in calli under 250 mM NaCl by the loss of plasma membrane integrity as measured by the amount of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the cytoplasm, the degree of DNA degradation resulting from the cleavage of nuclear DNA into oligonucleosomal fragments in apoptotic cells, the presence of TUNEL-positive nuclei (90 ± 0.005%) damage in genomic DNA, and activation of caspase 3-like protease. Callus Formation Medium (CFM) supplemented with RA led to the suppression of salt-induced cell death and a dramatic decrease in the MDA level and frequency of TUNEL-positive nuclei under salinity to 4 ± and 7.3 ± % in the presence of 50 and 350 μM RA, respectively. The application of RA also resulted in an increase in GSH content and maintenance of a high GSH/GSSG ratio. Interestingly, these reductions in PCD were accompanied by inhibiting caspase 3-like protease activities due to RA under salinity. Molecular docking predicted high binding energies of RA for binding to subtilisin-like protease (StSCTc-3), which has caspase-3 like activity in Solanum tuberosum, near the active site. This finding supports the notion of a role for RA in PCD protection in plants, which is consistent with earlier reports in animal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Eskandari
- Department of Biology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran; Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
| | | | - Naemah Al-Mansour
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Kuwait, Kuwait.
| | - Hassan Bardania
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Duncan Sutherland
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
| | - Hossein Mohammad-Beigi
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
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Harshitha B, Subhada B, Mustafa M, Solanki H, Safiya NAM, Tiwari RVC. DNA Laddering to Evaluate Cytogenetic Damage in Patients with Periodontitis. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2019; 9:486-491. [PMID: 31620382 PMCID: PMC6792315 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_245_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Inflammatory conditions show cytogenetic damage in peripheral blood leukocytes and this can be assessed using various tests. Cytogenetic damage as observed in the peripheral blood cells, is a marker of periodontal disease. DNA laddering is a sensitive assay which evaluates the cytogenetic damage. DNA laddering is a feature that can be observed when DNA fragments, resulting from apoptotic DNA fragmentation, are visualised after separation by gel electrophoresis which results in a characteristic “ladder” pattern. Aim: The aim of the present study is to investigate the cytogenetic damage in different forms of periodontitis in comparison with healthy controls. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 15 systemically healthy subjects with moderate to severe chronic periodontitis (CGP), 15 systemically healthy subjects with generalised aggressive periodontitis(GAP) and 15 systemically healthy control subjects were recruited. Blood samples of the patients were drawn and evaluated for the cytogenetic damage by DNA laddering. Results: Apoptotic DNA fragmentation was observed as a “ladder” pattern at 180-200 BP intervals in both CGP and GAP groups indicating the DNA damage, in contrast with the healthy group where the ladder pattern was not observed suggesting of the healthy DNA. Conclusion: The results indicated that there are cytogenetic damages in both the chronic and aggressive periodontitis groups incontrast to the healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baddam Harshitha
- Department of Periodontics and Implantology, Sri Sai College of Dental Surgery, Vikarabad, Telangana, India
| | - Bopparaju Subhada
- Department of Periodontics and Implantology, Sri Sai College of Dental Surgery, Vikarabad, Telangana, India
| | - Mohammed Mustafa
- Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, AlKharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hemlata Solanki
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Surendera dental college and research institute Sriganganagar, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Rahul Vinay Chandra Tiwari
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sri Sai College of Dental Surgery, Vikarabad, Telangana, India
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Abstract
Caspase-dependent apoptosis, including its distinct cell death subroutine known as anoikis, perform essential roles during organogenesis, as well as in the maintenance and repair of tissues. To this effect, the continuous renewal of the human intestinal/colon epithelium is characterized by the exfoliation by anoikis of differentiated cells, whereas immature/undifferentiated cells may occasionally undergo apoptosis in order to evacuate daughter cells that are damaged or defective. Dysregulated epithelial apoptosis is a significant component of inflammatory bowel diseases. Conversely, the acquisition of a resistance to apoptosis represents one of the hallmarks of cancer initiation and progression, including for colorectal cancer (CRC). Furthermore, the emergence of anoikis resistance constitutes a critical step in cancer progression (including CRC), as well as a limiting one that enables invasion and metastasis.Considering the implications of apoptosis/anoikis dysregulation in gut physiopathology, it therefore becomes incumbent to understand the functional determinants that underlie such dysregulation-all the while having to monitor, assess, or evidence apoptosis and/or anoikis. In this chapter, methodologies that are typically used to assess caspase-dependent apoptosis and anoikis in intestinal/colonic normal and CRC cells, whether in vivo, ex vivo, or in cellulo, are provided.
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Abdel Aziz RL, Abdel-Wahab A, Abo El-Ela FI, Hassan NEHY, El-Nahass ES, Ibrahim MA, Khalil ATAY. Dose- dependent ameliorative effects of quercetin and l-Carnitine against atrazine- induced reproductive toxicity in adult male Albino rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 102:855-864. [PMID: 29710542 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.03.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the protective effects of co-administration of Quercetin (QT) or l-Carnitine (LC) against the oxidative stress induced by Atrazine (ATZ) in the reproductive system of intact male Albino rats. 36 rats were divided equally into 6 groups. Rats in the control negative "CNT" group received 1.5 ml distilled water for 21 days. All rats in the other groups received ATZ (120 mg/kg bw) through gavage. Groups 3 and 4 were co-administered with either low or high dose of QT (10 "ATZLQT" and 50 "ATZHQT" mg/kg bw, respectively). Groups 5 and 6 were co-administered with either low or high dose of LC (200 "ATZLLC" and 400 "ATZHLC" mg/kg bw, respectively). At the end of the experiment, animals were sacrificed and all samples were collected. ATZ significantly increased serum level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreased total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Also, ATZ increased significantly the sperm cell abnormalities and reduced both testicular IgA and serum testosterone levels. Testicular DNA laddering % and CYP17A1 mRNA expression were significantly reduced in ATZ group. Interestingly, co-administration with low dose QT or different doses of LC succeeded to counteract the negative toxic effects of ATZ on serum oxidative stress indicators, serum testosterone levels, testicular IgA level and improved testicular CYP17A1 mRNA expression. In conclusion, QT in low dose and LC in both low and high doses exerted a significant protective action against the reproductive toxicity of ATZ, while higher dose of QT failed induce immune-stimulant effect against ATZ in adult male Albino rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabie L Abdel Aziz
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Abdel-Wahab
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt.
| | - Fatma I Abo El-Ela
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt.
| | - Nour El-Houda Y Hassan
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
| | - El-Shaymaa El-Nahass
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
| | - Marwa A Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Abdel-Tawab A Y Khalil
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
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Hübner D, Kaluđerović MR, Gómez-Ruiz S, Kaluđerović GN. Anionic chlorido(triphenyl)tin(IV) bearing N-phthaloylglycinato or 1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylato 1,2-anhydride ligands: potential cytotoxic and apoptosis-inducing agents against several types of cancer. Chem Biol Drug Des 2016; 89:628-633. [PMID: 27748051 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Two ionic triphenyltin(IV) chloride carboxylate compounds of the formula [NHEt3 ][Ph3 SnCl(L)] [LH = N-phthaloylglycine (P-GlyH), 1; 1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylic 1,2-anhydride (BTCH), 2] were tested for the in vitro activity against 518A2 (melanoma), FaDu (head and neck carcinoma), HT-29 (colon cancer), MCF-7 (breast carcinoma), and SW1736 (thyroid cancer) cell lines. The ammonium salts of the carboxylic acids are found to be not active, while anionic [Ph3 SnCl(L)]- exhibited high cytotoxicity in nM range, both higher activity and selectivity than cisplatin. Compounds 1 and 2 are inducing apoptosis, which was proved with the morphological and biochemical features such as membrane blebbing, translocation of phosphatidylserine, and DNA fragmentation. Thus, accumulation of cells in sub-G1 phase is observed. Both anionic organotin(IV) compounds showed potent cytotoxic and apoptotic properties against five cancer cell lines of various histogenetic origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Hübner
- Institute of Virology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Milena R Kaluđerović
- Department of Oral, Maxillary, Facial and Reconstructive Plastic Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Santiago Gómez-Ruiz
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, E.S.C.E.T., Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Goran N Kaluđerović
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
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Baurand PE, Capelli N, Scheifler R, de Vaufleury A. An assessment of the embryotoxicity of cadmium in the terrestrial mollusk Cantareus aspersus: from bioaccumulation to impacts at different levels of biological organization. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2014; 110:89-94. [PMID: 25199587 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to determine various parameters that allow the evaluation of the toxicity of chemicals to embryos of the ubiquitous land snail Cantareus aspersus. For this purpose, we investigated morphological and physiological endpoints in control embryos and in embryos exposed to a solution of 6mg Cd/L (CdCl2) in a liquid phase bioassay: size at days 3, 6 and 10, heart rate at 7 days, delay in hatching, states of development of non-hatched eggs after 17 days and the fresh mass of newly hatched embryos. The kinetics of Cd accumulation in eggs and DNA fragmentation were also measured. The first detectable sign of adverse effects appeared after 7 days of development, when the heart rate decreased in Cd-exposed embryos compared with the control. After 10 days of exposure, Cd-exposed hatchlings exhibited a lower fresh mass than control individuals. The majority (75 percent) of non-hatched embryos at 17 days was dead and presented signs of disaggregation or malformations. The hatching of Cd-exposed eggs was delayed 4 days, and DNA fragmentation was later detected after 20 days of Cd exposure. The measurement of Cd in the eggs showed that concentrations are relatively stable during the exposure period from 3 days (20-27µg Cd/g DW) to the end of exposure. The present study completes the range of endpoints that can be used to study the effects of contaminants and provides new parameters that are readily measured throughout the embryonic development of a terrestrial mollusk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Emmanuel Baurand
- Chrono-Environment, UMR 6249 University of Franche-Comté/CNRS, 16 route de Gray, 25030 Besançon cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Capelli
- Chrono-Environment, UMR 6249 University of Franche-Comté/CNRS, 16 route de Gray, 25030 Besançon cedex, France
| | - Renaud Scheifler
- Chrono-Environment, UMR 6249 University of Franche-Comté/CNRS, 16 route de Gray, 25030 Besançon cedex, France
| | - Annette de Vaufleury
- Chrono-Environment, UMR 6249 University of Franche-Comté/CNRS, 16 route de Gray, 25030 Besançon cedex, France; Department of Health Safety Environment, avenue des Rives du Lac, BP179, 70003 Vesoul cedex, France.
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Wagstaff C, Malcolm P, Rafiq A, Leverentz M, Griffiths G, Thomas B, Stead A, Rogers H. Programmed cell death (PCD) processes begin extremely early in Alstroemeria petal senescence. New Phytol 2003; 160:49-59. [PMID: 33873526 DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00853.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
• In the Liliaceous species Alstroemeria, petal senescence is characterized by wilting and inrolling, terminating in abscission 8-10 d after flower opening. • In many species, flower development and senescence involves programmed cell death (PCD). PCD in Alstroemeria petals was investigated by light (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (to study nuclear degradation and cellular integrity), DNA laddering and the expression programme of the DAD-1 gene. • TEM showed nuclear and cellular degradation commenced before the flowers were fully open and that epidermal cells remained intact whilst the mesophyll cells degenerated completely. DNA laddering increased throughout petal development. Expression of the ALSDAD-1 partial cDNA was shown to be downregulated after flower opening. • We conclude that some PCD processes are started extremely early and proceed throughout flower opening and senescence, whereas others occur more rapidly between stages 4-6 (i.e. postanthesis). The spatial distribution of PCD across the petals is discussed. Several molecular and physiological markers of PCD are present during Alstroemeria petal senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Wagstaff
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Main Building, Cardiff University, PO Box 915, Cardiff CF10 3TL, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Patricia Malcolm
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Arfhan Rafiq
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Main Building, Cardiff University, PO Box 915, Cardiff CF10 3TL, UK
| | - Mike Leverentz
- Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Horticulture Research International, Wellesbourne CV35 9EF, UK
| | - Gareth Griffiths
- Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Horticulture Research International, Wellesbourne CV35 9EF, UK
| | - Brian Thomas
- Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Horticulture Research International, Wellesbourne CV35 9EF, UK
| | - Anthony Stead
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Hilary Rogers
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Main Building, Cardiff University, PO Box 915, Cardiff CF10 3TL, UK
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