1
|
Kunimatsu R, Asakawa Y, Nakatani A, Sakata S, Tanimoto K. Orthodontic Treatment of a Patient With Non-Syndromic Oligodontia and a Skeletal Class Ⅲ Relationship: A Case Report and Six Years' Follow-Up. Cureus 2024; 16:e62563. [PMID: 39027803 PMCID: PMC11256973 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.62563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Partial edentulism, characterized by the congenital absence of six or more permanent teeth (oligodontia), excluding the third molars, manifests with variable maxillofacial skeletal morphologies and occlusions, depending on the site and number of missing teeth, complicating treatment planning for occlusion and gain of function. Herein, we describe the case of a patient with seven non-syndromic congenitally missing permanent teeth (four in the maxillary and three in the mandibular dentition, excluding the third molars), who underwent orthodontic treatment, restorative procedures, and long-term follow-up for six years. The patient was an 18-year-old man presenting with a chief complaint of congenital absence of some permanent teeth and dental malalignment on the first visit. The mandibular right central incisor, bilateral mandibular second premolars, bilateral maxillary lateral incisors, and bilateral maxillary canines were congenitally absent, while the deciduous maxillary lateral incisors, maxillary canines, and mandibular second molars were over-retained bilaterally. Since the persisting deciduous teeth were remarkably well preserved, the patient was willing to retain them as far as possible; thus, we chose orthodontic and restorative treatment to preserve the deciduous teeth. Occlusion was established after the initiation of dynamic orthodontic treatment; restorative treatment with resin-based materials was performed for the bilateral maxillary deciduous incisors, bilateral maxillary deciduous canines, and bilateral mandibular second primary molars after bracket removal, and the retention phase of orthodontic treatment was initiated. At present, six years after establishing retention, the patient exhibits a good occlusal relationship. It is difficult to achieve complete space closure using orthodontic treatment alone in cases with six or more congenitally missing permanent teeth. In addition to considerations for age, esthetic issues due to missing permanent teeth, and maxillofacial skeletal morphology, it is necessary to preserve the deciduous teeth as much as possible and ensure multidisciplinary medical cooperation, including the transition to prosthodontic treatment during long-term follow-up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Kunimatsu
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Development Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, JPN
| | - Yuki Asakawa
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Development Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, JPN
| | - Ayaka Nakatani
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Development Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, JPN
| | - Shuzo Sakata
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Development Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, JPN
| | - Kotaro Tanimoto
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Development Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, JPN
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lone IM, Zohud O, Midlej K, Awadi O, Masarwa S, Krohn S, Kirschneck C, Proff P, Watted N, Iraqi FA. Narrating the Genetic Landscape of Human Class I Occlusion: A Perspective-Infused Review. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1465. [PMID: 37888076 PMCID: PMC10608728 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13101465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This review examines a prevalent condition with multifaceted etiology encompassing genetic, environmental, and oral behavioral factors. It stands as a significant ailment impacting oral functionality, aesthetics, and quality of life. Longitudinal studies indicate that malocclusion in primary dentition may progress to permanent malocclusion. Recognizing and managing malocclusion in primary dentition is gaining prominence. The World Health Organization ranks malocclusions as the third most widespread oral health issue globally. Angle's classification system is widely used to categorize malocclusions, with Class I occlusion considered the norm. However, its prevalence varies across populations due to genetic and examination disparities. Genetic factors, including variants in genes like MSX1, PAX9, and AXIN2, have been associated with an increased risk of Class I occlusion. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of clinical strategies for managing Class I occlusion and consolidate genetic insights from both human and murine populations. Additionally, genomic relationships among craniofacial genes will be assessed in individuals with Class I occlusion, along with a murine model, shedding light on phenotype-genotype associations of clinical relevance. The prevalence of Class I occlusion, its impact, and treatment approaches will be discussed, emphasizing the importance of early intervention. Additionally, the role of RNA alterations in skeletal Class I occlusion will be explored, focusing on variations in expression or structure that influence craniofacial development. Mouse models will be highlighted as crucial tools for investigating mandible size and prognathism and conducting QTL analysis to gain deeper genetic insights. This review amalgamates cellular, molecular, and clinical trait data to unravel correlations between malocclusion and Class I phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iqbal M. Lone
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; (I.M.L.); (O.Z.); (K.M.)
| | - Osayd Zohud
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; (I.M.L.); (O.Z.); (K.M.)
| | - Kareem Midlej
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; (I.M.L.); (O.Z.); (K.M.)
| | - Obaida Awadi
- Center for Dentistry Research and Aesthetics, Jatt 45911, Israel; (O.A.); (S.M.); (N.W.)
| | - Samir Masarwa
- Center for Dentistry Research and Aesthetics, Jatt 45911, Israel; (O.A.); (S.M.); (N.W.)
| | - Sebastian Krohn
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (S.K.); (C.K.); (P.P.)
| | - Christian Kirschneck
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (S.K.); (C.K.); (P.P.)
| | - Peter Proff
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (S.K.); (C.K.); (P.P.)
| | - Nezar Watted
- Center for Dentistry Research and Aesthetics, Jatt 45911, Israel; (O.A.); (S.M.); (N.W.)
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Arab America University, Jenin 919000, Palestine
- Gathering for Prosperity Initiative, Jatt 45911, Israel
| | - Fuad A. Iraqi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; (I.M.L.); (O.Z.); (K.M.)
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (S.K.); (C.K.); (P.P.)
- Gathering for Prosperity Initiative, Jatt 45911, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ren J, Gan S, Zheng S, Li M, An Y, Yuan S, Gu X, Zhang L, Hou Y, Du Q, Zhang G, Shen W. Genotype-phenotype pattern analysis of pathogenic PAX9 variants in Chinese Han families with non-syndromic oligodontia. Front Genet 2023; 14:1142776. [PMID: 37056289 PMCID: PMC10086135 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1142776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Non-syndromic oligodontia is characterized by the absence of six or more permanent teeth, excluding third molars, and can have aesthetic, masticatory, and psychological consequences. Previous studies have shown that PAX9 is associated with autosomal dominant forms of oligodontia but the precise molecular mechanisms are still unknown.Methods: Whole-exome and Sanger sequencing were performed on a cohort of approximately 28 probands with NSO, for mutation analysis. Bioinformatic analysis was performed on the potential variants. Immunofluorescence assay, western blotting, and qPCR were used to explore the preliminary functional impact of the variant PAX9 proteins. We reviewed PAX9-related NSO articles in PubMed to analyze the genotype-phenotype correlations.Results: We identified three novel PAX9 variants in Chinese Han families: c.152G>T (p.Gly51Val), c.239delC (p.Thr82Profs*3), and c.409C>T (q.Gln137Ter). In addition, two previously reported missense variants were identified: c.140G>C (p.Arg47Pro) and c.146C>T (p.Ser49Leu) (reference sequence NM_006194.4). Structural modeling revealed that all missense variants were located in the highly conserved paired domain. The other variants led to premature termination of the protein, causing structural impairment of the PAX9 protein. Immunofluorescence assay showed abnormal subcellular localizations of the missense variants (R47P, S49L, and G51V). In human dental pulp stem cells, western blotting and qPCR showed decreased expression of PAX9 variants (c.140G>C, p.R47P, and c.152G>T, p.G51V) compared with the wild-type group at both the transcription and translation levels. A review of published papers identified 64 PAX9 variants related to NSO and found that the most dominant feature was the high incidence of missing upper second molars, first molars, second premolars, and lower second molars.Conclusion: Three novel PAX9 variants were identified in Chinese Han families with NSO. These results extend the variant spectrum of PAX9 and provide a foundation for genetic diagnosis and counseling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiabao Ren
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Sifang Gan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | | | - Meikang Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yilin An
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shuo Yuan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiuge Gu
- Department of Orthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yan Hou
- Department of Orthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qingqing Du
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Guozhong Zhang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenjing Shen
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Wenjing Shen,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
ElNaghy R, Daabous AT, Hasanin M, Tanha N, Ancona N, Al-Qawasmi R. Genetics of three-dimensional tooth inclination and angulation in orthodontic patients with Class I Occlusion: A cross-sectional study. Int Orthod 2023; 21:100713. [PMID: 36495779 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2022.100713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This cross-sectional study aimed to utilize quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to investigate the influence of genetic variance over teeth inclination and angulation in orthodontic patients with Class I occlusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS DNA was extracted from adolescent patients seeking orthodontic treatment in a single institution (from July 2018 to April 2020), who had CBCTs taken as part of initial standardized records. Patients had permanent dentition, Class I skeletal and dental classifications, with normal vertical and transverse skeletal dimensions, normal incisors inclination, no to mild crowding or spacing. qPCR was performed using genetic markers for candidate genes EPB41, TGFβ3, GHR and PAX9. Three-dimensional teeth inclinations (TI) and angulations (TA) were evaluated using Invivo6 software and correlated with genotypes. Reliability of TI and TA was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Mixed models and multiple linear regression analyses were used to assess the association between each single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) with tooth inclination (TI) and with tooth angulation (TA). The results were evaluated at the significance level of P<0.05. RESULTS Twenty four adolescent patients with mean age of 13.4±2.4 years were included in the study. ICC showed adequate intra-examiner reliability for TI and TA (0.806<r<0.988, P<0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis showed a significant association between TI and homozygous-T polymorphism for PAX9 (P=0.028) and homozygous-G polymorphism for GHR (P=0.028). Also, a significant association between TA and homozygous-A polymorphism for EPB41 (P=0.019) and homozygous-G polymorphism for GHR (P=0.001) was evident. CONCLUSIONS Autosomal recessive patterns of inheritance for PAX9 and GHR with TI and for EPB41 and GHR with TA were shown. This study offers insight toward the hierarchical nature of epigenetic interactions between heredity and the environment in determining the three-dimensional positions of teeth in orthodontic patients with Class I occlusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahma ElNaghy
- School of Dentistry, University of Detroit Mercy, Department of Graduate Orthodontics, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
| | - Andrew Thomas Daabous
- School of Dentistry, University of Detroit Mercy, Department of Graduate Orthodontics, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Majd Hasanin
- School of Dentistry, University of Detroit Mercy, Department of Graduate Orthodontics, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Nazanin Tanha
- School of Dentistry, University of Detroit Mercy, Department of Graduate Orthodontics, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Nicholas Ancona
- School of Dentistry, University of Detroit Mercy, Department of Graduate Orthodontics, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Riyad Al-Qawasmi
- School of Dentistry, University of Detroit Mercy, Department of Graduate Orthodontics, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang H, Gong X, Xu X, Wang X, Sun Y. Tooth number abnormality: from bench to bedside. Int J Oral Sci 2023; 15:5. [PMID: 36604408 PMCID: PMC9816303 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-022-00208-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tooth number abnormality is one of the most common dental developmental diseases, which includes both tooth agenesis and supernumerary teeth. Tooth development is regulated by numerous developmental signals, such as the well-known Wnt, BMP, FGF, Shh and Eda pathways, which mediate the ongoing complex interactions between epithelium and mesenchyme. Abnormal expression of these crutial signalling during this process may eventually lead to the development of anomalies in tooth number; however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In this review, we summarized the major process of tooth development, the latest progress of mechanism studies and newly reported clinical investigations of tooth number abnormality. In addition, potential treatment approaches for tooth number abnormality based on developmental biology are also discussed. This review not only provides a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of tooth number abnormality in clinical practice but also facilitates the translation of basic research to the clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Implantology, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuyan Gong
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Implantology, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqiao Xu
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Implantology, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaogang Wang
- grid.64939.310000 0000 9999 1211Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Sun
- Department of Implantology, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
REN J, ZHAO Y, YUAN Y, ZHANG J, DING Y, LI M, AN Y, CHEN W, ZHANG L, LIU B, ZHENG S, SHEN W. Novel PAX9 compound heterozygous variants in a Chinese family with non-syndromic oligodontia and genotype-phenotype analysis of PAX9 variants. J Appl Oral Sci 2023; 31:e20220403. [PMID: 36995881 PMCID: PMC10065762 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2022-0403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies have reported that >91.9% of non-syndromic tooth agenesis cases are caused by seven pathogenic genes. To report novel heterozygous PAX9 variants in a Chinese family with non-syndromic oligodontia and summarize the reported genotype-phenotype relationship of PAX9 variants. METHODOLOGY We recruited 28 patients with non-syndromic oligodontia who were admitted to the Hospital of Stomatology Hebei Medical University (China) from 2018 to 2021. Peripheral blood was collected from the probands and their core family members for whole-exome sequencing (WES) and variants were verified by Sanger sequencing. Bioinformatics tools were used to predict the pathogenicity of the variants. SWISS-MODEL homology modeling was used to analyze the three-dimensional structural changes of variant proteins. We also analyzed the genotype-phenotype relationships of PAX9 variants. RESULTS We identified novel compound heterozygous PAX9 variants (reference sequence NM_001372076.1) in a Chinese family with non-syndromic oligodontia: a new missense variant c.1010C>A (p.T337K) in exon 4 and a new frameshift variant c.330_331insGT (p.D113Afs*9) in exon 2, which was identified as the pathogenic variant in this family. This discovery expands the known variant spectrum of PAX9; then, we summarized the phenotypes of non-syndromic oligodontia with PAX9 variants. CONCLUSION We found that PAX9 variants commonly lead to loss of the second molars.
Collapse
|
7
|
Histological findings of regional odontodysplasia in maxillary right region in two cases. PEDIATRIC DENTAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdj.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
8
|
Regional Odontodysplasia: A Systematic Review of Case Reports. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031683. [PMID: 35162705 PMCID: PMC8835375 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Regional odontodysplasia is a rare developmental disorder characterised by hypoplasia and hypomineralisation of enamel and dentin. Our systematic review aimed to organise the knowledge on localisation, symptomatology and treatment methods in patients with regional odontodysplasia based on case reports published in the databases PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. Case reports were described in 28 different countries, considering 180 patients (including 91 females). Regional odontodysplasia occurs mainly in both deciduous and permanent dentition (66.1%). The affected teeth were observed more frequently in the maxilla (70.0%), especially on the left side (45.6%). The most common reported symptoms were ghost teeth, poorly developed buds, yellowish-brown colour of crowns and delayed eruption of permanent teeth in affected quadrants. The most popular treatment method was surgical treatment (78.6%) with subsequent prosthetic therapy (34.6%). Based on the review of cases, pathognomonic clinical and radiological signs can be found, however, it is difficult to reach a consensus on the choice of treatment method.
Collapse
|
9
|
Developmental Defects of the Teeth and Their Hard Tissues. Pediatr Dent 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-78003-6_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
10
|
Sun K, Yu M, Yeh I, Zhang L, Liu H, Cai T, Feng H, Liu Y, Han D. Functional study of novel PAX9 variants: The paired domain and non-syndromic oligodontia. Oral Dis 2020; 27:1468-1477. [PMID: 33078491 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate pathogenic variants of the paired box 9 (PAX9) gene in patients with non-syndromic oligodontia, and the functional impact of these variants. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Whole exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing were utilized to detect gene variants in a cohort of 80 patients diagnosed with non-syndromic oligodontia. Bioinformatic and conformational analyses, fluorescence microscopy and luciferase reporter assay were employed to explore the functional impact. RESULTS We identified three novel variants in the PAX9, including two frameshift variants (c.211_212insA; p.I71Nfs*246 and c.236_237insAC; p.T80Lfs*6), and one missense variant (c.229C > G; p.R77G). Familial co-segregation verified an autosomal-dominant inheritance pattern. Conformational analyses revealed that the variants resided in the paired domain, and could cause corresponding structural impairment of the PAX9 protein. Fluorescence microscopy showed abnormal subcellular localizations of frameshift variants, and luciferase assay showed impaired downstream transactivation activities of the bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) gene in all variants. CONCLUSIONS Our findings broaden the spectrum of PAX9 variants in patients with non-syndromic oligodontia and support that paired domain structural impairment and the dominant-negative effect are likely the underlying mechanisms of PAX9-related non-syndromic oligodontia. Our findings will facilitate genetic diagnosis and counselling, and help lay the foundation for precise oral health therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Sun
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Iting Yeh
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Liutao Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Haochen Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Cai
- Experimental Medicine Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Laboratory of Biochemistry and Genetics, NIDDK/NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hailan Feng
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Han
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yang L, Liang J, Yue H, Bian Z. Two novel mutations in MSX1 causing oligodontia. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227287. [PMID: 31914153 PMCID: PMC6948825 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Tooth agenesis is one of the most common developmental anomalies in humans and can affect dental occlusion and speech pronunciation. Research has identified an association between mutations in MSX1, PAX9, EDA, AXIN2, WNT10A, WNT10B and LRP6 and human tooth agenesis. Two unrelated individuals with non-syndromic tooth agenesis and their families were enrolled in this study. Using Sanger sequencing of the candidate genes, we identified two novel mutations: a missense mutation c.572 T>C and a frameshift mutation c.590_594 dup TGTCC, which were both detected in the homeodomain of MSX1. After identifying the mutations, structural modeling and bioinformatics analysis were used to predict the resulting conformational changes in the MSX1 homeodomain. Combined with 3D-structural analysis of other MSX1 mutations, we propose that there is a correlation between the observed phenotypes and alterations in hydrogen bond formation, thereby potentially affecting protein binding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Le Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jia Liang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Haitang Yue
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhuan Bian
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|