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Fang CW, Yang CY, Chau HC, Tsai MC. Exploring the Impacts of Age at Menarche on Cognitive Aging in Late Adulthood: Evidence from a Mendelian Randomization Study on the Taiwanese Population. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2024; 53:143-152. [PMID: 38560983 DOI: 10.1159/000538620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The potential influence of age at menarche (AM) on cognitive aging remains inadequate, partly because of the difficulties presented by multiple confounders. To address this issue, Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was used to explore the causal impacts of AM on cognitive aging. METHODS Using the publicly accessible Taiwan Biobank, we identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly associated with AM as instrumental variables to estimate the effects of instruments on cognitive function assessed with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). We employed several MR methods, including two-stage least squares, inverse variance weighting (IVW), MR-Egger, weighted median, weighted mode, and constrained maximum likelihood (cML) MR methods, to ensure the stability and reliability of the results. RESULTS MR analyses indicated no significant causal relationship between genetically determined AMs and total and subdomain MMSE scores, except the G5 subdomain (βIVW = 0.156, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.005, 0.307; βcML = 0.161, 95% CI: 0.014, 0.309). However, in a leave-one-out sensitivity analysis, we found a significant relationship between AM and cognitive aging after eliminating rs157863 and rs6758290, thus demonstrating the potential pleiotropic effects of these two SNPs. After these two SNPs were eliminated, we found a significant causal relationship between AM and overall MMSE scores (βIVW = 0.425, 95% CI: 0.011, 0.839), though. CONCLUSION Evidence from the present MR study did not fully support a causal relationship between AM and cognitive function decline in later life. Potential pleiotropic effects of the genes underlying these two traits are worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Wen Fang
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yi Yang
- Department of Statistics, College of Management, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hephaes Chuen Chau
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Che Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Genomic Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Humanities and Social Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Shaheen MY, Basudan AM, Alzawawi AS, Al-Ahmari F, Aldulaijan HA, Alshibani N, Shaheen RS, Al-Kattan R. Correlation between whole salivary prostaglandin E 2 and hemoglobin A1c levels among type-2 diabetic and non-diabetic patients with periodontal inflammation. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:266. [PMID: 38395886 PMCID: PMC10885382 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04032-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is hypothesized that whole salivary prostaglandin E2 (PgE2) levels are higher in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (type-2 DM) than non-diabetic individuals with periodontal inflammation; and that whole salivary expression of PgE2 is correlated with hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) levels. The aim of the present study was to compare whole salivary PgE2 levels among patients with type-2 DM and non-diabetic individuals with periodontal inflammation. METHODS Sociodemographic data, duration since the diagnosis and management of type-2 DM, most recent hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c level), and any familial history of DM was retrieved from patient's healthcare records. Participants were divided into four groups: Group-1: type-2 diabetics with periodontal inflammation; Group-2: type-2 diabetics without periodontal inflammation; Group-3: non-diabetics with periodontal inflammation; and Group-4: non-diabetics without periodontal inflammation. Plaque and gingival indices (PI and GI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL) and marginal bone loss (MBL) were measured. Unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected and PgE2 levels were measured. Group-comparisons were done and P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS One-hundred-sixty individuals were included. Mean HbA1c levels were higher in Group-1 than groups 2 (P < 0.05), 3 (P < 0.05) and 4 (P < 0.05). The PI (P < 0.05), GI (P < 0.05) and PD (P < 0.05) were higher in Group-1 than groups 2 and 4. The CAL was higher in Group-1 than groups 2 (P < 0.05) and 3 (P < 0.05). The PD (P < 0.05), PI (P < 0.05) and GI (P < 0.05) were higher in Group-3 than Group-4. The MBL was higher in Group-1 than groups 2 (P < 0.05), 3 (P < 0.05) and 4 (P < 0.05). The PgE2 levels were higher in Group-1 than groups 2 (P < 0.05), 3 (P < 0.05) and 4 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Hyperglycemia in patients with type-2 DM is associated with increased expression of whole salivary PgE2 levels and worsened periodontal inflammation compared with individuals with well-controlled type-2 DM and non-diabetic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Y Shaheen
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11545, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Amani M Basudan
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer S Alzawawi
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatemah Al-Ahmari
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hajer A Aldulaijan
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf Alshibani
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rakan Saifuddin Shaheen
- Periodontics Division, Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Medicine and Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Al-Kattan
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11545, Saudi Arabia
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Fajardo CM, Cerda A, Bortolin RH, de Oliveira R, Stefani TIM, Dos Santos MA, Braga AA, Dorea EL, Bernik MMS, Bastos GM, Sampaio MF, Damasceno NRT, Verlengia R, de Oliveira MRM, Hirata MH, Hirata RDC. Influence of polymorphisms in IRS1, IRS2, MC3R, and MC4R on metabolic and inflammatory status and food intake in Brazilian adults: An exploratory pilot study. Nutr Res 2023; 119:21-32. [PMID: 37716291 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2023.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Polymorphisms in genes of leptin-melanocortin and insulin pathways have been associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes. We hypothesized that polymorphisms in IRS1, IRS2, MC3R, and MC4R influence metabolic and inflammatory markers and food intake composition in Brazilian subjects. This exploratory pilot study included 358 adult subjects. Clinical, anthropometric, and laboratory data were obtained through interview and access to medical records. The variants IRS1 rs2943634 A˃C, IRS2 rs1865434 C>T, MC3R rs3746619 C>A, and MC4R rs17782313 T>C were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Food intake composition was assessed in a group of subjects with obesity (n = 84) before and after a short-term nutritional counseling program (9 weeks). MC4R rs17782313 was associated with increased risk of obesity (P = .034). Multivariate linear regression analysis adjusted by covariates indicated associations of IRS2 rs1865434 with reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and resistin, MC3R rs3746619 with high glycated hemoglobin, and IRS1 rs2943634 and MC4R rs17782313 with increased high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (P < .05). Energy intake and carbohydrate and total fat intakes were reduced after the diet-oriented program (P < .05). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed associations of IRS2 rs1865434 with high basal fiber intake, IRS1 rs2943634 with low postprogram carbohydrate intake, and MC4R rs17782313 with low postprogram total fat and saturated fatty acid intakes (P < .05). Although significant associations did not survive correction for multiple comparisons using the Benjamini-Hochberg method in this exploratory study, polymorphisms in IRS1, IRS2, MC3R, and MC4R influence metabolic and inflammatory status in Brazilian adults. IRS1 and MC4R variants may influence carbohydrate, total fat, and saturated fatty acid intakes in response to a diet-oriented program in subjects with obesity.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Humans
- Pilot Projects
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Brazil
- Obesity/genetics
- Obesity/metabolism
- Eating
- Carbohydrates
- Fatty Acids
- Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4/genetics
- Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4/metabolism
- Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins/genetics
- Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins/metabolism
- Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 3/genetics
- Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 3/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Moreno Fajardo
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Alvaro Cerda
- Department of Basic Sciences, Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine, CEMT-BIOREN, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4810296, Chile
| | - Raul Hernandes Bortolin
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Raquel de Oliveira
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Tamires Invencioni Moraes Stefani
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Marina Aparecida Dos Santos
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Aécio Assunção Braga
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Egídio Lima Dorea
- Medical Clinic Division, University Hospital, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | | | - Gisele Medeiros Bastos
- Laboratory of Molecular Research in Cardiology, Institute of Cardiology Dante Pazzanese, Sao Paulo 04012-909, Brazil; Hospital Beneficiencia Portuguesa de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01323-001, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Ferraz Sampaio
- Hospital Beneficiencia Portuguesa de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01323-001, Brazil; Medical Clinic Division, Institute of Cardiology Dante Pazzanese, Sao Paulo 04012-909, Brazil
| | | | - Rozangela Verlengia
- Research Laboratory in Human Performance, Methodist University of Piracicaba, Piracicaba 13400-901, Brazil
| | | | - Mario Hiroyuki Hirata
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Rosario Dominguez Crespo Hirata
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil.
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Cirelli T, Nicchio IG, Bussaneli DG, Silva BR, Nepomuceno R, Orrico SRP, Cirelli JA, Theodoro LH, Barros SP, Scarel-Caminaga RM. Evidence Linking PPARG Genetic Variants with Periodontitis and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Brazilian Population. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076760. [PMID: 37047733 PMCID: PMC10095581 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) gene encodes a transcription factor involved in the regulation of complex metabolic and inflammatory diseases. We investigated whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes of the PPARG gene could contribute with susceptibility to develop periodontitis alone or together with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Moreover, we evaluated the gene-phenotype association by assessing the subjects' biochemical and periodontal parameters, and the expression of PPARG and other immune response-related genes. We examined 345 subjects with a healthy periodontium and without T2DM, 349 subjects with moderate or severe periodontitis but without T2DM, and 202 subjects with moderate or severe periodontitis and T2DM. PPARG SNPs rs12495364, rs1801282, rs1373640, and rs1151999 were investigated. Multiple logistic regressions adjusted for age, sex, and smoking status showed that individuals carrying rs1151999-GG had a 64% lower chance of developing periodontitis together with T2DM. The CCGT haplotype increased the risk of developing periodontitis together with T2DM. The rs1151999-GG and rs12495364-TC were associated with reduced risk of obesity, periodontitis, elevated triglycerides, and elevated glycated hemoglobin, but there was no association with gene expression. Polymorphisms of the PPARG gene were associated with developing periodontitis together with T2DM, and with obesity, lipid, glycemic, and periodontal characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamiris Cirelli
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University Center-UNIFAE, São João da Boa Vista 13870-377, SP, Brazil
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara 14801-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Ingra G Nicchio
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara 14801-903, SP, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara 14801-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Diego G Bussaneli
- Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara 14801-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Bárbara R Silva
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara 14801-903, SP, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara 14801-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Nepomuceno
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara 14801-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvana R P Orrico
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara 14801-903, SP, Brazil
- Advanced Research Center in Medicine, Union of the Colleges of the Great Lakes-UNILAGO, São José do Rio Preto 15030-070, SP, Brazil
| | - Joni A Cirelli
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara 14801-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Letícia H Theodoro
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araçatuba, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araçatuba 16015-050, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvana P Barros
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill-UNC, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Raquel M Scarel-Caminaga
- Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara 14801-903, SP, Brazil
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The Bidirectional Relationship between Periodontal Disease and Diabetes Mellitus-A Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13040681. [PMID: 36832168 PMCID: PMC9954907 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13040681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by the presence of a bacterial biofilm known as dental plaque. This biofilm affects the supporting apparatus of the teeth, especially the periodontal ligaments and the bone surrounding the teeth. Periodontal disease and diabetes seem to be interrelated and in a bidirectional relationship, and have been increasingly studied in recent decades. For example, diabetes mellitus has a detrimental effect on periodontal disease, increasing its prevalence, extent, and severity. In turn, periodontitis negatively affects glycemic control and the course of diabetes. This review aims to present the most recently discovered factors that contribute to the pathogenesis, therapy, and prophylaxis of these two diseases. Specifically, the article focuses on microvascular complications, oral microbiota, pro- and anti-inflammatory factors in diabetes, and periodontal disease. As presented in this review, these two diseases require specific/ complementary therapeutic solutions when they occur in association, with new clinical trials and epidemiological research being necessary for better control of this interdependent pathogenic topic.
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Ren Y, Zhu W, Shi J, Shao A, Cheng Y, Liu Y. Association between KCNJ11 E23K polymorphism and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: A global meta-analysis. J Diabetes Complications 2022; 36:108170. [PMID: 35305868 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2022.108170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Potassium inwardly rectifying channel, subfamily J member 11(KCNJ11) is considered to be a potential susceptible gene of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and the association between KCNJ11 E23K polymorphism and T2DM risk is still controversial worldwide. This meta-analysis was performed to assess the association more accurately between KCNJ11 E23K polymorphism and T2DM risk. METHODS The up-to-data meta-analysis was conducted based on studies selected from eight databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Scopus, Embase, CNKI, WanFang, and Vip). Five gene models were included in our study: allele model (K-allele vs. E-allele), heterozygous model (EK vs. EE), homozygous model (KK vs. EE), dominant genetic model (EK + KK vs. EE), and recessive genetic model (EK + EE vs. KK). Association strength was evaluated by odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI), publication bias was evaluated by Begg's funnel plot and Egger's test, sensitivity analysis and trial sequential analysis (TSA) were used to evaluate the stability of the results. RESULTS According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 31 eligible articles were finally selected in our meta-analysis, including 8754 T2DM cases and 7587 controls. We found that allelic model (OR = 1.25, 95%CI: 1.15-1.35, P < 0.01), heterozygous model (OR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.18-1.44, P < 0.01), homozygous model (OR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.24-1.76, P < 0.01), and dominant genetic model (OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.22-1.50, P < 0.01) were significantly associated with increased risk of T2DM, but recessive genetic model (OR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.67-0.91, P < 0.01) was considered as a protective factor for T2DM. No significant evidence of publication bias was found. CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis confirms the association between KCNJ11 E23K polymorphism and the risk of T2DM, highlighting that gene-gene interaction and gene-environment interaction should be investigated in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxuan Ren
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Wenfei Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jikang Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Aiyu Shao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yi Cheng
- The Cardiovascular Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Yawen Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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Artificial intelligence perspective in the future of endocrine diseases. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2022; 21:971-978. [PMID: 35673469 PMCID: PMC9167325 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-021-00949-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) shows promising results in the diagnosis, prediction, and management of diseases. The move from handwritten medical notes to electronic health records and a huge number of digital data commenced in the era of big data in medicine. AI can improve physician performance and help better clinical decision making which is called augmented intelligence. The methods applied in the research of AI and endocrinology include machine learning, artificial neural networks, and natural language processing. Current research in AI technology is making major efforts to improve decision support systems for patient use. One of the best-known applications of AI in endocrinology was seen in diabetes management, which includes prediction, diagnosis of diabetes complications (measuring microalbuminuria, retinopathy), and glycemic control. AI-related technologies are being found to assist in the diagnosis of other endocrine diseases such as thyroid cancer and osteoporosis. This review attempts to provide insight for the development of prospective for AI with a focus on endocrinology.
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