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AlHadidi A, Lam PPY, Hassona Y. Developmental and Acquired Abnormalities of the Teeth. Dent Clin North Am 2024; 68:227-245. [PMID: 38417988 DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
This review aims to present a detailed analysis of the most common developmental and acquired dental abnormalities, including caries, resorptive lesions, and congenital anomalies of teeth number, size, form, and structure. This review highlights how diagnostic imaging can aid in the accurate identification and management of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer AlHadidi
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Radiology, and Medicine, NYU College of Dentistry, 345 East 24th Street, New York, NY 10010, USA; School of Dentistry, The University of Jordan, Queen Rania Street, Amman, Jordan 11942.
| | - Phoebe Pui Ying Lam
- The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong
| | - Yazan Hassona
- School of Dentistry, The University of Jordan, Queen Rania Street, Amman, Jordan 11942; School of Dentistry, Al Ahliyya University
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See L, Zafar S, Fu D, Ha DH, Walsh LJ, Lopez Silva C. Laser fluorescence assessment of dental caries arrest with two silver fluoride agents in patients with special needs- a preliminary report. Lasers Med Sci 2024; 39:96. [PMID: 38556568 PMCID: PMC10982094 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-024-04038-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE While silver diamine fluoride has been used extensively for caries arrest and desensitising, silver fluoride (AgF) at neutral pH may also have value as a minimally invasive dental caries treatment. This study explored the effectiveness of two AgF products (AgF/KI and AgF/SnF2) when used in adult patients with special needs (SN) who had high caries risk and salivary gland hypofunction. METHODS This split-mouth clinical study, over two appointments 3-months apart, compared the impact of a single application of AgF/KI (Riva Star Aqua, SDI) and AgF/SnF2 (Creighton Dental CSDS, Whiteley) on matched carious lesions in the same arch, by clinical visual-tactile (cVT) assessment of caries status and laser fluorescence (LF, DIAGNOdent) evaluation of bacterial load in the lesions, using repeated measures analysis. RESULTS Twelve participants were recruited in the study. A total of 56 teeth (28 pairs) were included. Both AgF products gave a significant decrease in caries activity as measured by cVT (P < 0.0001) and LF (P = 0.0027). There were no statistically significant differences between the two AgF treatments, with response rates for improvements in active lesions of 92% in the AgF/KI arm, and 96% in the AgF/SnF2 arm. There was no effect of tooth type, lesion type, arch type, plaque metabolism and plaque area at the site level on outcomes, nor was there a clustering effect of sites in a patient level analysis. Overall, LF was superior to cVT for detecting lesions that still progressed despite treatment (P = 0.0027). CONCLUSION A single application of AgF/KI or AgF/SnF2 has high predictability (over 90%) for achieving arrest in active caries lesions in adult patients with SN and high caries risk. Clinical assessment should use visual-tactile examination combined with LF readings to detect lesions that are still progressing and that require additional treatments. Future studies should compare these AgF modalities with SDF and explore factors such as time between applications and the need for repeated applications. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered with the Australian Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12621001139864p) on 23/08/2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia See
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, 288 Herston Road, Herston , Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia.
| | - Sobia Zafar
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, 288 Herston Road, Herston , Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - David Fu
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, 288 Herston Road, Herston , Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Diep H Ha
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, 288 Herston Road, Herston , Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Laurence J Walsh
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, 288 Herston Road, Herston , Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Claudia Lopez Silva
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, 288 Herston Road, Herston , Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
- Oral Health Services, Metro North Oral Health Center, Queensland Health, Brisbane, Australia
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Feng Q, Zhou J, Zhang G, Mei H, Su C, Jiang C, Zhang M, Jiang F, Liao G, Li J. Evaluation of optimal anterior-posterior position of upper incisors through ANS point: a retrospective study on a Chinese sample. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:5947-5955. [PMID: 37599319 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05208-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was designed to determine the optimal anterior-posterior (AP) position of upper incisors through Anterior Nasal Spine (ANS) point. MATERIALS AND METHODS Lateral cephalometric radiographic images of 690 patients were collected and divided into a derivation group and a validation group, and the former were subdivided into a proper AP position (PAP) group and an improper AP position (iPAP) group. The distance from facia-axis (FA) point of upper incisors to the line perpendicular to Frankfort horizontal (FH) plane through ANS (FA-ANS) was measured, and the relationship between FA-ANS and several cephalometric indices were studied through Pearson correlation analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for different clinical indices were analyzed to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of optimal AP position of upper incisors. RESULTS The average value of FA-ANS in PAP group was 0.57±1.99, which was significantly different from FA-ANS in iPAP group. Cephalometric indices such as U1-NA, U1-SN, AB-NPo, UL-TVL, Wits, and ANB were found to be correlated with FA-ANS. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves represented a greater diagnostic efficiency of FA-ANS compared with other clinical indices. CONCLUSIONS ANS point, as a stable skeletal landmark, could be used to access an optimal AP position of upper incisors, providing aids to clinical diagnosis and treatment goal determination for clinical practice. CLINICAL RELEVANCE A new index FA-ANS, together with other traditional indices, could help determine the optimal position of upper incisors and provide a personalized therapeutic plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchen Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiawei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Guanning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongxiang Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Chongying Su
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Chen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Fulin Jiang
- Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Gongjie Liao
- Department of Stomatology, Suining Municipal Hospital of TCM, Suining, Sichuan, China
| | - Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Three Visual-Diagnostic Methods for the Detection of Enamel Cracks: An In Vitro Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12030973. [PMID: 36769621 PMCID: PMC9917518 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12030973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Tooth fractures are a common cause of tooth loss, frequently starting as enamel cracks. However, methods for the detection of enamel cracks are poorly investigated. The aim of the study was the validation of three clinical methods for the detection of enamel cracks: dental operating microscope (DOM), near-infrared transillumination (NIR), and fiber-optic transillumination (FOTI), with hard-tissue slices serving as controls. A total of 89 extracted teeth, set up as diagnostic models, were investigated, and the maximum crack depth was scored by two examiners. The actual crack depth was determined microscopically (25×) using horizontal sections. The accuracy of each method was analyzed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Across all tooth surfaces, the area under the curve (AUC) amounted to 0.57 (DOM), 0.70 (FOTI), and 0.67 (NIR). For crack detection on vestibular/oral surfaces, the AUC was 0.61 (DOM), 0.78 (FOTI), and 0.74 (NIR); for proximal surfaces, it was 0.59 (DOM), 0.65 (FOTI), and 0.67 (NIR). However, the actual crack depth was underestimated with each method (p < 0.001). Under in vitro conditions, FOTI and NIR are suitable for detection of enamel cracks, especially on vestibular and oral tooth surfaces. However, an exact estimation of crack depth is not possible. Therefore, FOTI and NIR seem to be helpful for the clinical detection of enamel cracks.
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Kreher D, Schmalz G, Haak R, Ziebolz D. Laser fluorescence is a predictor of lesion depth in non-cavitated root carious lesions - an in vitro study. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 41:103243. [PMID: 36565731 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This in vitro study was designed to compare the assessment of carious root surfaces using laser fluorescence or visual assessment and µCT. METHODS A total of 107 extracted human teeth were included in the study. For the subsequent assessment, a clinical evaluation according to Ekstrand and Nyvad criteria, laser fluorescence measurements (DIAGNOdent-Pen©), and µCT imaging (Bruker Skyscan 1172) of the included root surfaces were performed. For cavitated lesions, the surface was reconstructed on µCT. Target parameters were: clinical appearance, laser fluorescence reading (0-99), and lesion depth in µm (µCT). The statistical analysis included chi² and Spearman-Rho tests. RESULTS Laser fluorescence values were significantly higher (p < 0.01) in leathery non-cavitated (median [IQR]: 73.50 [48.00]) and cavitated (88.50 [29.00]) surfaces than in hard intact surfaces (7.00 [35.00]). In addition, laser fluorescence values showed a significant correlation with lesion depth for non-cavitated surfaces (0.750; p < 0.01). Further statistically significant correlations were not detectable. Regression analysis showed that the laser fluorescence values increased with increasing demineralization depth (β: 0.648, CI95: 0.631-1.053; p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Laser fluorescence measured by DIAGNOdent© is a predictor for the depth of demineralization in carious root caries lesions with intact surfaces. Considering the limitations of this in vitro study, laser fluorescence is suitable for assessing the depth extent of (non-cavitated) root caries lesions and is a tool for clinical diagnosing and assessing the course of lesion development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Kreher
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 12, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Gerhard Schmalz
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 12, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Rainer Haak
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 12, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Dirk Ziebolz
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 12, Leipzig 04103, Germany.
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