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Palacios-Delgado J, Acevedo-Ibarra JN. Psychometric Properties of a New Mexican Optimism Scale: Ethnopsychological Approach. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2023; 13:2747-2764. [PMID: 38131889 PMCID: PMC10743040 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe13120190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this paper, a Mexican Optimism Scale was constructed to investigate and estimate psychometric properties (reliability and validity based on the measurement model). The convergent validity and validity criterion were evaluated for a sample of young Mexicans. METHODS The scale was presented to 848 Mexican young people aged between 17 and 30 years from three different regions of Mexico. The scale was reduced to 20 items on the basis of CFA and analyses of internal consistency. RESULTS The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) suggested a three-factor structure of optimism: affective resources, positive vision and hope. The data provided evidence for convergent validity with positive affect, negative affect and coping. Additionally, males scored higher on affective resources and positive vision than females. Finally, the results support the reliability of the instrument. CONCLUSIONS The psychometric properties of the Mexican Optimism Scale proved to be highly acceptable and allow for a novel assessment of optimism from an ethnopsychological perspective. Validity, reliability and invariance were determined, as well as percentiles for the practical use of the scale. This scale may be of crucial importance for future research on optimism and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Palacios-Delgado
- Unidad de Investigación en Neurociencias, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad del Valle de México, Campus Querétaro, Blvd. Juriquilla No. 1000 A Del. Santa Rosa Jáuregui, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Jessica Noemí Acevedo-Ibarra
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad del Valle de México, Campus Cumbres, Calle Av Las Palmas 5500, Cima de Las Cumbres, Monterrey 64610, Mexico
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Mumford EA, Copp J, MacLean K. Childhood Adversity, Emotional Well-Being, Loneliness, and Optimism: a National Study. ADVERSITY AND RESILIENCE SCIENCE 2023; 4:137-149. [PMID: 36466586 PMCID: PMC9684794 DOI: 10.1007/s42844-022-00084-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Optimism and loneliness, which reflect the expected inverse associations with excess morbidity and mortality, are theoretically and empirically associated with early adversities and offer potential avenues for clinical support. The current study first estimates latent classes of adverse childhood experiences and, second, assesses the role of these experiences on later reports of optimism and loneliness in late adolescence and emerging adulthood, and the role of emotional regulation and common mental disorders. Surveys were conducted in a longitudinal household sample of adolescents recruited in 2013 (average age of 20 at wave 6 follow-ups). The analytic sample included 1177 female and male respondents representative of their age group in the USA at baseline. Latent classes were estimated based on 10 indicators of childhood adversity. Respondents were assigned to classes using posterior probabilities of latent class membership, and class membership was used to predict psychological outcomes in multivariable models. Three latent classes of childhood adversity were identified in the current sample, representing low childhood adversity (81.5%), higher probability of family dysfunction with lower levels of interpersonal abuse (13.4%), and high adversity including higher probabilities of parental discord and violence as well as child abuse (5.1%). Both classes of respondents who faced greater childhood adversity were more likely to report greater loneliness and lower optimism in emerging adulthood. Results were attenuated by measures of emotional well-being. Addressing adolescent loneliness and supporting optimistic outlooks in emerging adulthood are two pathways with potential benefits to reduce mental and physical morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Mumford
- NORC at the University of Chicago, 4350 East-West Highway, Suite 800, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA
| | - Jennifer Copp
- Florida State University, 314B Criminology & Criminal Justice Building, 112 S. Copeland Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306-1273 USA
| | - Kai MacLean
- NORC at the University of Chicago, 4350 East-West Highway, Suite 800, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA
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3
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Gooding DC, Moore MN, Pflum MJ, Schmidt NL, Goldsmith H. GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO POSITIVE AFFECT: INSIGHTS FROM ADOLESCENT TWINS. AFFECTIVE SCIENCE 2022; 2:289-300. [PMID: 35330700 PMCID: PMC8939818 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-021-00041-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Disturbances in positive affect and reductions in social reward/interpersonal pleasure are common across a range of clinical disorders and are often related. We examined the relationship between the Anticipatory and Consummatory Interpersonal Pleasure Scale (ACIPS-A), and other measures of positive affect in adolescents in a genetically informative research design. The sample consisted of 177 MZ and 136 same sex DZ twins drawn from a study of adolescent twins (M = 16.4 ± .97 years) who were part of the Wisconsin Twin Project. The self-report questionnaires included the Behavioral Activation Scale (BAS), Psychological Well-Being Scale, revised Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire (EATQR) and the adolescent version of the ACIPS (ACIPS-A). Structural equation modeling estimated the relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors to the phenotypic variance in each of the measures. Follow-up bivariate analyses parsed the genetic and environmental contributions to the phenotypic covariances between the ACIPS-A and each of the other measures of positive affect. We found evidence of moderate heritability for the ACIPS-A scale scores. Overall, models specifying additive genetic and unique environmental effects (AE models) were the most parsimonious models for each of the measures. Several of the measures showed moderate positive phenotypic intercorrelations, and all but one of these intercorrelations showed significant partial genetic underpinnings. Moreover, the bivariate biometric analyses indicated that the ACIPS-A also captures unique heritable variation. Thus, the ACIPS-A captures unique heritable contributions to social/interpersonal pleasure, as well as shared genetic variance with other measures of positive affectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane C Gooding
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mollie N Moore
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Madeline J Pflum
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Nicole L Schmidt
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Hill Goldsmith
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
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Weitzer J, Trudel-Fitzgerald C, Okereke OI, Kawachi I, Schernhammer E. Dispositional optimism and depression risk in older women in the Nurses´ Health Study: a prospective cohort study. Eur J Epidemiol 2022; 37:283-294. [PMID: 35034244 PMCID: PMC9110484 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-021-00837-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Dispositional optimism is a potentially modifiable factor and has been associated with multiple physical health outcomes, but its relationship with depression, especially later in life, remains unclear. In the Nurses´ Health Study (n = 33,483), we examined associations between dispositional optimism and depression risk in women aged 57–85 (mean = 69.9, SD = 6.8), with 4,051 cases of incident depression and 10 years of follow-up (2004–2014). We defined depression as either having a physician/clinician-diagnosed depression, or regularly using antidepressants, or the presence of severe depressive symptoms using validated self-reported scales. Age- and multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) across optimism quartiles and for a 1-standard deviation (SD) increment of the optimism score. In sensitivity analyses we explored more restrictive definitions of depression, potential mediators, and moderators. In multivariable-adjusted models, women with greater optimism (top vs. bottom quartile) had a 27% (95%CI = 19–34%) lower risk of depression. Every 1-SD increase in the optimism score was associated with a 15% (95%CI = 12–18%) lower depression risk. When applying a more restrictive definition for clinical depression, the association was considerably attenuated (every 1-SD increase in the optimism score was associated with a 6% (95%CI = 2–10%-) lower depression risk. Stratified analyses by baseline depressive symptoms, age, race, and birth region revealed comparable estimates, while mediators (emotional support, social network size, healthy lifestyle), when combined, explained approximately 10% of the optimism-depression association. As social and behavioral factors only explained a small proportion of the association, future research should investigate other potential pathways, such as coping strategies, that may relate optimism to depression risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Weitzer
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia Trudel-Fitzgerald
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA.,Lee Kum Sheung Center for Health and Happiness, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA.,Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada.,Research Center of Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Olivia I Okereke
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA.,Lee Kum Sheung Center for Health and Happiness, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Eva Schernhammer
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. .,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. .,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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5
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Lee HH, Kubzansky LD, Okuzono SS, Trudel-Fitzgerald C, James P, Koga HK, Kim ES, Glover LM, Sims M, Grodstein F. Optimism and risk of mortality among African-Americans: The Jackson heart study. Prev Med 2022; 154:106899. [PMID: 34863812 PMCID: PMC8754053 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Optimism is associated with reduced mortality risk among Whites, but evidence for this relationship is limited among African-Americans, whose life expectancy is shorter than Whites. This study examined the association between optimism and mortality rate in African-Americans. Data were from African-American women (n = 2652) and men (n = 1444) in the United States from the Jackson Heart Study. Optimism was measured using the Life Orientation Test-Revised at the baseline period (2000-2004), and mortality data were obtained until 2018. Using Cox proportional hazards models, we estimated hazard ratios (HRs) of mortality by optimism level, controlling for sociodemographic factors, depressive symptoms, health conditions, and health behaviors. In secondary analyses, we evaluated potential effect modification by sex, age, income, and education. Higher optimism was related to lower mortality rates (HR = 0.85, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.74, 0.99), controlling for sociodemographic factors and depressive symptoms. After further adjusting for health conditions and health behaviors, associations were slightly attenuated (HR = 0.89; 95%CI = 0.77, 1.02). Stronger associations between optimism and mortality were observed in men, among those with higher income or education, and with age ≤ 55 (all p's for interaction terms <0.06). In summary, optimism was associated with lower mortality rates among African-Americans in the Jackson Heart Study. Effect modification by sociodemographic factors should be further explored in additional research considering optimism and mortality in diverse populations. Positive factors, such as optimism, may provide important health assets that can complement ongoing public health efforts to reduce health disparities, which have traditionally focused primarily on risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold H Lee
- Department of Social & Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Laura D Kubzansky
- Department of Social & Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Lee Kum Sheung Center for Health and Happiness, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sakurako S Okuzono
- Department of Social & Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Claudia Trudel-Fitzgerald
- Department of Social & Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Lee Kum Sheung Center for Health and Happiness, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter James
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hayami K Koga
- Department of Social & Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric S Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - LáShauntá M Glover
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mario Sims
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
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de Vries LP, van Beijsterveldt TCEM, Maes H, Colodro-Conde L, Bartels M. Genetic Influences on the Covariance and Genetic Correlations in a Bivariate Twin Model: An Application to Well-Being. Behav Genet 2021; 51:191-203. [PMID: 33582898 PMCID: PMC8093176 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-021-10046-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The distinction between genetic influences on the covariance (or bivariate heritability) and genetic correlations in bivariate twin models is often not well-understood or only one is reported while the results show distinctive information about the relation between traits. We applied bivariate twin models in a large sample of adolescent twins, to disentangle the association between well-being (WB) and four complex traits (optimism, anxious-depressed symptoms (AD), aggressive behaviour (AGG), and educational achievement (EA)). Optimism and AD showed respectively a strong positive and negative phenotypic correlation with WB, the negative correlation of WB and AGG is lower and the correlation with EA is nearly zero. All four traits showed a large genetic contribution to the covariance with well-being. The genetic correlations of well-being with optimism and AD are strong and smaller for AGG and EA. We used the results of the models to explain what information is retrieved based on the bivariate heritability versus the genetic correlations and the (clinical) implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianne P de Vries
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Toos C E M van Beijsterveldt
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hermine Maes
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Lucía Colodro-Conde
- Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QL, Australia
| | - Meike Bartels
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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7
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Weitzer J, Papantoniou K, Lázaro-Sebastià C, Seidel S, Klösch G, Schernhammer E. The contribution of dispositional optimism to understanding insomnia symptomatology: Findings from a cross-sectional population study in Austria. J Sleep Res 2020; 30:e13132. [PMID: 32638455 PMCID: PMC7900944 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Attitudes and expectations of people towards their lives are essential to future health outcomes. Growing evidence has linked dispositional optimism to beneficial health outcomes, such as exceptional longevity, healthy aging and better sleep quality. We describe the association between dispositional optimism and chronic insomnia, considering potential mediators, in the Austrian Sleep Survey (N = 1,004), a population‐based cross‐sectional study conducted in 2017. Optimism was measured using the validated Life Orientation Test‐Revised, and four different definitions were used to assess chronic insomnia. Three definitions were based on the criteria of chronic insomnia according to the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (3rd edn). Age‐ and multivariable‐adjusted logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Among Austrians who were more optimistic, chronic insomnia risk was lower compared with those less optimistic (middle versus bottom tertile of optimism score: OR = 0.39, 95% CI, 0.22–0.70; and top versus bottom tertile: OR = 0.28, 95% CI, 0.14–0.54; p‐trend < .001). Results were similar for all four definitions of insomnia, and differed slightly between men and women. Happiness, depression and health status confounded the association, whereas lifestyle did not. Promoting dispositional optimism could represent a simple and accessible strategy to improve sleep quality and lower insomnia risk, with downstream beneficial health effects. Further research is needed to clarify the prevention potential of interventions targeting this mental trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Weitzer
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kyriaki Papantoniou
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Stefan Seidel
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Institute for Sleep-Wake-Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Klösch
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Institute for Sleep-Wake-Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Schernhammer
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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An Embodied Neurocomputational Framework for Organically Integrating Biopsychosocial Processes: An Application to the Role of Social Support in Health and Disease. Psychosom Med 2020; 81:125-145. [PMID: 30520766 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Two distinct perspectives-typically referred to as the biopsychosocial and biomedical models-currently guide clinical practice. Although the role of psychosocial factors in contributing to physical and mental health outcomes is widely recognized, the biomedical model remains dominant. This is due in part to (a) the largely nonmechanistic focus of biopsychosocial research and (b) the lack of specificity it currently offers in guiding clinicians to focus on social, psychological, and/or biological factors in individual cases. In this article, our objective is to provide an evidence-based and theoretically sophisticated mechanistic model capable of organically integrating biopsychosocial processes. METHODS To construct this model, we provide a narrative review of recent advances in embodied cognition and predictive processing within computational neuroscience, which offer mechanisms for understanding individual differences in social perceptions, visceral responses, health-related behaviors, and their interactions. We also review current evidence for bidirectional influences between social support and health as a detailed illustration of the novel conceptual resources offered by our model. RESULTS When integrated, these advances highlight multiple mechanistic causal pathways between psychosocial and biological variables. CONCLUSIONS By highlighting these pathways, the resulting model has important implications motivating a more psychologically sophisticated, person-specific approach to future research and clinical application in the biopsychosocial domain. It also highlights the potential for quantitative computational modeling and the design of novel interventions. Finally, it should aid in guiding future research in a manner capable of addressing the current criticisms/limitations of the biopsychosocial model and may therefore represent an important step in bridging the gap between it and the biomedical perspective.
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Machado L, de Oliveira IR, Peregrino A, Cantilino A. Common mental disorders and subjective well-being: Emotional training among medical students based on positive psychology. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211926. [PMID: 30731006 PMCID: PMC6366695 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The prevalence of common mental disorders among medical students is globally high. However, medical students tend to seek less professional help to treat their mental health issues. Hence, ways have been devised to reduce emotional stress in this population. Objective The current study uses positive psychology techniques to increase subjective well-being (SWB) in order to reduce symptons of common mental disorders (CMD) in medical students (MS). Methods The study comprised two groups: intervention group (n = 37) and control group (n = 32). Throughout seven weeks, the intervention group had meetings focused on emotions, mental health of medical students, gratitude, appreciation, optimism, resilience, qualities and virtues. The control group attended conventional medical psychology classes (psychosomatic aspects in clinical illness, for example). Results The intervention group presented average increase by 2.85 points in the positive emotions scale; average increase by 2.53 points in the satisfaction-with-life scale; and average decrease by 1.79 points in the SRQ-20 scale, when it was compared to the control group. The intervention effect size was moderate. Conclusion Use of techniques to increase SWB may reduce CMD in MS, even if these techniques do not diminish negative emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Machado
- Postgraduate program in neuropsychiatry and behavioral sciences, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Antonio Peregrino
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Amaury Cantilino
- Postgraduate program in neuropsychiatry and behavioral sciences, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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CARVALHO RG, FERNANDES E, CÂMARA J, GONÇALVES JA, ROSÁRIO J, FREITAS S, CARVALHO S. Relações de amizade e autoconceito na adolescência: um estudo exploratório em contexto escolar. ESTUDOS DE PSICOLOGIA (CAMPINAS) 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-02752017000300006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo No presente estudo, analisou-se a relação entre a qualidade das relações de amizade e as autoperceções dos adolescentes, expressas no seu autoconceito. A amostra foi constituída por 65 estudantes portugueses, com idades compreendidas entre os 12 e os 16 anos (M = 14). Os instrumentos foram o Questionário de Qualidade da Amizade e a versão portuguesa do Perfil de Autoperceção da Escala de Autoconceito para Adolescentes. Através de análises correlacionais, verificou-se uma relação entre a qualidade das relações de amizade e o autoconceito, sendo a dimensão companheirismo e recreação preditora do autoconceito global. Verificou-se, ainda, a ausência de um efeito de gênero na qualidade reportada das relações de amizade. Pelo contrário, ocorreu um efeito moderado do gênero no autoconceito, nomeadamente nas dimensões competência escolar, competência atlética, aparência física e autoestima, com o gênero masculino apresentando resultados médios superiores. Os resultados foram discutidos tendo em conta a importância das relações sociais para o desenvolvimento na adolescência.
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