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Cunningham SD, Lindberg S, Joinson C, Shoham D, Chu H, Newman D, Epperson N, Brubaker L, Low L, Camenga DR, Yvette LaCoursiere D, Meister M, Kenton K, Sutcliffe S, Markland AD, Gahagan S, Coyne-Beasley T, Berry A. Association Between Maternal Depression and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Their Primary School-Age Daughters: A Birth Cohort Study. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs 2024; 51:53-60. [PMID: 38215298 PMCID: PMC10794027 DOI: 10.1097/won.0000000000001039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although maternal depression is associated with adverse outcomes in women and children, its relationship with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in offspring is less well-characterized. We examined the association between prenatal and postpartum maternal depression and LUTS in primary school-age daughters. DESIGN Observational cohort study. SUBJECTS AND SETTING The sample comprised 7148 mother-daughter dyads from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. METHOD Mothers completed questionnaires about depressive symptoms at 18 and 32 weeks' gestation and 21 months postpartum and their children's LUTS (urinary urgency, nocturia, and daytime and nighttime wetting) at 6, 7, and 9 years of age. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between maternal depression and LUTS in daughters. RESULTS Compared to daughters of mothers without depression, those born to mothers with prenatal and postpartum depression had higher odds of LUTS, including urinary urgency (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] range = 1.99-2.50) and nocturia (aOR range = 1.67-1.97) at 6, 7, and 9 years of age. Additionally, daughters born to mothers with prenatal and postpartum depression had higher odds of daytime wetting (aOR range = 1.81-1.99) and nighttime wetting (aOR range = 1.63-1.95) at 6 and 7 years of age. Less consistent associations were observed for depression limited to the prenatal or postpartum periods only. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to maternal depression in the prenatal and postpartum periods was associated with an increased likelihood of LUTS in daughters. This association may be an important opportunity for childhood LUTS prevention. Prevention strategies should reflect an understanding of potential biological and environmental mechanisms through which maternal depression may influence childhood LUTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayna D. Cunningham
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT
| | - Sarah Lindberg
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Carol Joinson
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, England
| | - David Shoham
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN
| | - Haitao Chu
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Diane Newman
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Neill Epperson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO
| | - Linda Brubaker
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Lisa Low
- Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Deepa R. Camenga
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - D. Yvette LaCoursiere
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Melanie Meister
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS
| | - Kimberly Kenton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Siobhan Sutcliffe
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Alayne D. Markland
- Department of Medicine and the Birmingham/Atlanta Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Sheila Gahagan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Tamera Coyne-Beasley
- Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Amanda Berry
- Division of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
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2
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Honarvar F, Arfaie S, Edalati H, Ghasroddashti A, Solgi A, Mashayekhi MS, Mofatteh M, Ren LY, Kwan ATH, Keramatian K. Neuroanatomical predictors of problematic alcohol consumption in adolescents: a systematic review of longitudinal studies. Alcohol Alcohol 2023; 58:455-471. [PMID: 37553844 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agad049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to systematically review the literature on neuroanatomical predictors of future problematic drinking in adolescents. METHODS Using PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review was conducted to evaluate neuroanatomical predictors of problematic alcohol consumption in adolescents. EMBASE, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO databases were searched from inception to 6 January 2023. Studies were included if they were original, had a prospective design, had a sample size of at least 12, had a follow-up period of at least 1 year, had at least one structural neuroimaging scan before 18 with no prior alcohol use, and had alcohol use as the primary outcome. Studies were excluded if they had animals only and were not in English. Risk of bias was conducted using the CASP tool. RESULTS Out of 1412 studies identified, 19 studies met the criteria, consisting of 11 gray matter (n = 4040), 5 white matter (n = 319), and 3 assessing both (n = 3608). Neuroanatomical predictors of future problematic drinking in adolescents were reported to be distributed across various brain regions such as the orbitofrontal cortex and paralimbic regions. However, the findings were largely heterogeneous. CONCLUSIONS This is the first systematic review to map out the existing literature on neuroanatomical predictors of problematic drinking in adolescents. Future research should focus on the aforementioned regions to determine their role in predicting future problematic drinking with more certainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraz Honarvar
- School of Medicine, Queen's University, 80 Barrie Street, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Saman Arfaie
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Irving Ludmer Building1033 Pine Avenue West, room 310, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A1, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 3605 Rue de la Montagne, Montréal, Québec H3G 2M1, Canada
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Weill Hall, #3200, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Hanie Edalati
- Institut national de psychiatrie légale Philippe-Pinel, Université de Montréal, 10905 Boulevard Henri-Bourassa E, Montreal, Québec, H1C 1H1, Canada
- Centre for Research on Children and Families, McGill University, Room 155, Suite 100, Tour Est550 Sherbrooke Ouest, Montreal, Québec H3A 1B9, Canada
| | - Arashk Ghasroddashti
- School of Medicine, Queen's University, 80 Barrie Street, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Arad Solgi
- School of Kinesiology & Health Science, York University, Norman Bethune CollegeRoom 3414700 Keele St, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | | | - Mohammad Mofatteh
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Rd, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Lily Yuxi Ren
- Lane Medical Library and Knowledge Management Center, Stanford Medicine, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Dr, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Angela T H Kwan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Roger Guindon Hall, 451 Smyth Rd #2044, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Kamyar Keramatian
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A1, Canada
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3
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Lehtonen L, Lilliesköld S, De Coen K, Toome L, Gimeno A, Caballero S, Tameliene R, Laroche S, Retpap J, Grundt H, Van Hoestenberghe MR, Skene C, Pape B, Axelin A. Parent-infant closeness after preterm birth and depressive symptoms: A longitudinal study. Front Psychol 2022; 13:906531. [PMID: 36237668 PMCID: PMC9551610 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.906531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Preterm birth increases the risk for postpartum depression in both mothers and fathers, calling for strategies to alleviate and prevent depressive symptoms in parents of preterm infants. The aim of this study was to assess the association between early parent-infant closeness and later depressive symptoms among parents of preterm infants. We hypothesized that longer duration of closeness associate with fewer depressive symptoms in both parents. Methods This prospective cohort study included 23 neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) from 15 countries in 2018 to 2020. Each unit recruited families with preterm infants aiming to 30 families. The total duration of parents’ presence in the NICU, and separately parent-infant skin-to-skin contact and holding, were measured using a Closeness Diary up to 14 days. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used at discharge and at 4 months corrected age of the infant. Results The study included 684 mothers and 574 fathers. The median presence was 469 min (Q1 258 and Q3 1,087) per 24 h for the mothers and 259 min (Q1 100 and Q3 540) for the fathers; mean EPDS scores were 9.2 (SD 5.0) and 6.3 (SD 4.4) at discharge and 6.6 (4.7) and 4.3 (4.2) at 4 months, respectively. Parents’ presence and depressive symptoms varied greatly between the units. Parents’ presence as the total measure, or skin-to-skin contact and holding separately, did not associate with depressive symptoms in either mothers or fathers at either time point (adjusted). Conclusion No association was found between the duration of parent-infant closeness in the neonatal unit and parents’ depressive symptoms. The beneficial effects of family-centered care on parents’ depression seem to be mediated by other elements than parent-infant physical closeness. More research is needed to identify the critical elements which are needed to alleviate parents’ depression after NICU stay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liisa Lehtonen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,*Correspondence: Liisa Lehtonen,
| | - Siri Lilliesköld
- Department of Neonatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden,Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kris De Coen
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Liis Toome
- Department of Neonatal and Infant Medicine, Tallinn Children’s Hospital, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Ana Gimeno
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, La Fe Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sylvia Caballero
- Department of Neonatology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rasa Tameliene
- Department of Neonatology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Sabine Laroche
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium,University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Hege Grundt
- Department of Paediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Caryl Skene
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Bernd Pape
- Turku Clinical Research Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland,School of Technology and Innovations, University of Vaasa, Vaasa, Finland
| | - Anna Axelin
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
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Roetner J, Petry J, Niekamp J, Maschke J, Goecke TW, Fasching PA, Beckmann MW, Kornhuber J, Kratz O, Moll GH, Eichler A. [Maternal depression and child development: A prospective analysis of consequences, risk and protective factors]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDER-UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2022; 50:382-394. [PMID: 35321586 DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Maternal depression and child development: A prospective analysis of consequences, risk and protective factors Abstract. Objective: Maternal stress, specifically maternal mental health problems, are considered risk factors for child development. The literature suggests that prenatal depressive symptoms as well as depressive symptoms are a widespread phenomenon during the further development of the child and have repeatedly been shown to have adverse effects on child mental health outcomes. The present study examined the longitudinal relationships between maternal depression (prenatal, postnatal, during childhood and adolescence) and child mental health from childhood to adolescence. Possible risk and protective factors were also considered. Method: N = 112 mothers were assessed for depressive symptoms via a questionnaire at four different timepoints (prenatal, T1; postnatal, T2; during childhood, T3; during adolescence, T4). Children's externalizing and internalizing symptoms (50.9 % girls) were assessed by their mothers both during childhood (M = 7.68, SD = 0.76 years) and during adolescence (M = 13.23, SD = 0.27 years). We evaluated the relationships between maternal depressive symptoms and children's externalizing/internalizing symptoms using multiple regression models and analyzed possible risk and protective factors using moderation analysis. Results: Externalizing/Internalizing symptoms were not directly associated with maternal depressive symptoms, while associations between such symptoms and maladaptive behavior were found in adolescents. The socioeconomic status of families showed a different risk profile for prenatal and postnatal depressive symptoms. The IQ of the children proved to be a risk factor for internalizing symptoms. Conclusions: Maternal depressive symptoms at any time during child development - in combination with further risk factors - have an impact on child mental health. The early identification of maternal symptoms followed by interventions to differentiate between prenatal and postnatal depression - especially in the context of socioeconomic status - are highly relevant for child development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Roetner
- Kinder- und Jugendabteilung für Psychische Gesundheit, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen
| | - Janna Petry
- Kinder- und Jugendabteilung für Psychische Gesundheit, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen
| | - Julia Niekamp
- Kinder- und Jugendabteilung für Psychische Gesundheit, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen
| | - Janina Maschke
- Kinder- und Jugendabteilung für Psychische Gesundheit, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen
| | - Tamme W Goecke
- Frauenklinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen.,Klinik für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe, Ro-Med Klinikum Rosenheim, Rosenheim
| | - Peter A Fasching
- Frauenklinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen
| | - Matthias W Beckmann
- Frauenklinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Psychiatrische und Psychotherapeutische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen
| | - Oliver Kratz
- Kinder- und Jugendabteilung für Psychische Gesundheit, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen
| | - Gunther H Moll
- Kinder- und Jugendabteilung für Psychische Gesundheit, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen
| | - Anna Eichler
- Kinder- und Jugendabteilung für Psychische Gesundheit, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen
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- Kinder- und Jugendabteilung für Psychische Gesundheit, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen
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5
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Sieverson C, Olhaberry M, Duarte J, Morán-Kneer J, Costa S, León MJ, Valenzuela S, Leyton F, Honorato C, Muzard A. Beyond the outcomes: generic change indicators in a video-feedback intervention with a depressed mother and her baby: a single case study. RESEARCH IN PSYCHOTHERAPY (MILANO) 2022; 25:584. [PMID: 35373962 PMCID: PMC9153750 DOI: 10.4081/ripppo.2022.584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Child and dyadic psychotherapy have been scarcely investigated from the psychotherapy process research perspective. Thus, content and mechanisms related to therapeutic change have been overlooked by research. This study aimed at testing the applicability of the generic change indicators (GCI) model to identify moments of change in the parent during dyadic interventions, as well as to explore, describe and illustrate the therapeutic process through a brief mentalization-informed intervention with a depressive mother and her baby, using video-feedback as its main strategy, which has ample evidence about its effectiveness. We conducted a single case qualitative study using the GCI model. The mother's ongoing change was determined by identifying episodes of change (EC) and moments of change (MC). Each MC was then labelled with one of the 19 GCIs. GCIs were observed from the intervention's start. GCI's hierarchical levels were increasing over the intervention, in association with the video-feedback situation. Our findings suggest that the GCI model is feasible to observe and understand dyadic interventions, contributing to the growing body of evidence supporting psychotherapists' training and supervision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Sieverson
- Milenium Institute for depression and Personality Research (MIDAP), Macul, Santiago.
| | - Marcia Olhaberry
- Psychology Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Macul, Santiago.
| | - Javiera Duarte
- Psychology Faculty, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago Centro, Santiago.
| | | | - Stefanella Costa
- Psychology Faculty, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago Centro, Santiago.
| | - M José León
- Milenium Institute for depression and Personality Research (MIDAP), Macul, Santiago.
| | - Sofía Valenzuela
- Milenium Institute for depression and Personality Research (MIDAP), Macul, Santiago.
| | - Fanny Leyton
- Child Inpatient Unit, Psychiatric Hospital del Salvador, Valparaíso.
| | - Carolina Honorato
- Milenium Institute for depression and Personality Research (MIDAP), Macul, Santiago.
| | - Antonia Muzard
- Psychology Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Macul, Santiago.
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Oh J, Ahn S. Predictors of Antenatal Depression in Pregnant Couples. Clin Nurs Res 2021; 31:881-890. [PMID: 34961355 DOI: 10.1177/10547738211065238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Pregnant women and their partners are at an increased risk of antenatal depression. Therefore, this cross-sectional study of data from 116 couples investigated predictors of maternal and paternal antenatal depression using sociodemographic data, women's risk factors for depression during the antenatal period, women's perceived stress, and antenatal depression in the other partner. Pregnant women had higher depression scores (7.4 ± 4.7) and a higher frequency of being at high risk for depression (25.9%) than their spouses (4.6 ± 3.5, 9.5%). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the statistically significant predictors of antenatal depression in pregnant women were perceived stress (β = .45, p < .001) and antenatal depression risk factors (β = .30, p = .002) and in spouses, women's antenatal depression risk factors (β = .29, p = .013). The present findings suggest that nurses should intervene to mitigate the risk of maternal antenatal depression and perceived stress to prevent depression in pregnant couples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Oh
- Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukhee Ahn
- Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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7
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Kallapiran K, Jayanthini V. Emotional Problems in Children of Mothers who had Depression: A Cross-Sectional Study. Indian J Psychol Med 2021; 43:410-415. [PMID: 34584306 PMCID: PMC8450739 DOI: 10.1177/0253717621991210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a highly prevalent mental disorder. Maternal depression can adversely impact perinatal outcomes and child development, and can increase mental disorders for children and adolescents. Understanding the impact could lead to opportunities for early intervention and prevention. METHODS We selected 29 mothers attending a tertiary care setting for mental health, who had remitted following a depressive episode, and 35 control mothers. They rated their children's behavior on the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) and temperament measurement schedule (TMS). Using a cross-sectional design, we compared the scores on behavior and temperamental characteristics between the two groups. We also studied if the severity of depression correlated with increased behavioral difficulties and evaluated if there were any differences based on gender or age. RESULTS Our results suggest no significant difference in behavior and temperament between the two groups. There was a trend for the children of mothers who had depression to have poor emotionality, higher rhythmicity on TMS, and higher peer relatedness based on SDQ scores. There was no correlation between the severity of depression in the mother and the severity of behavior problems. CONCLUSION The lack of significant differences between the two groups could be related to less severe forms of depression, the remission of depression in the mother, the presence of other supportive family members, or elevated problems in the control arm. Further research in this area with a longitudinal design, including mothers with ongoing symptoms and longer-term follow-up, studying the bidirectional influence, is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - V Jayanthini
- Institute of Child Health, Egmore, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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8
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Nakamura Y, Takahashi N, Yamauchi A, Morikawa M, Okada T, Ozaki N. Perceived Social Support Partially Mediates the Impact of Temperament and Character on Postpartum Depression. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:816342. [PMID: 35140639 PMCID: PMC8818688 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.816342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Temperament and character of pregnant women, especially harm avoidance (HA) and self-directedness (SD) have been identified as risk factors for postpartum depression, in addition to poor social support. However, the relationship between these personality traits and social support for depressive symptoms after delivery has not been examined. METHODS Data were extracted from a prospective cohort survey on pregnant women conducted in Nagoya, Japan that included the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), the Social Support Questionnaire (J-SSQ), and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) at approximately week 25 and 1 month postpartum. A mediation analysis using structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test if social support in pregnancy is a mediator between personality traits and postpartum depressive symptoms. RESULTS Thousand five hundred and fifty-nine women were included in the analysis. Both harm avoidance and SD were significantly associated with depressive symptoms (total effect: β [SE], 0.298 [0.041], P < 0.001 for harm avoidance; total effect: β [SE], -0.265 [0.067], P < 0.001 for SD). Mediation analysis showed that the effect of harm avoidance on depressive symptoms was partially mediated by low social support (direct effect: β [SE], 0.193 [0.004], P < 0.001; indirect effect: β [SE], 0.082 [0.034], P = 0.015). Self-directedness on depressive symptoms was not found to be mediated by low social support. CONCLUSION Results indicate that poor social support worsens depressive symptoms in women with high HA during pregnancy. Limitations include a possible selection bias due to the limited target facilities; most variables being evaluated based on self-report questionnaires, and different number of samples available for analysis between harm avoidance and SD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukako Nakamura
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nagahide Takahashi
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Aya Yamauchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Psychiatry/Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mako Morikawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Okada
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Developmental Disorders, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Norio Ozaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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