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Seiffge-Krenke I, Sattel H. How personality factors, coping with identity-stress, and parental rearing styles contribute to the expression of somatic complaints in emerging adults in seven countries. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1257403. [PMID: 38812485 PMCID: PMC11135468 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1257403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Somatic complaints are frequently named by emerging adults in many countries, but psychological factors contributing to the high level of these often medically unexplained symptoms have received little attention. This study examines the influence of shared risk factors on somatic complaints in a culturally diverse sample. Methods and measures In a cross-cultural survey study of 2,113 emerging adults (mean age = 22.0 yrs.; SD = 2.04) from seven countries (France, Germany, Turkey, Greece, Peru, Pakistan, and Poland) personality variables, parental rearing styles, coping abilities as well as identity-related stress were assessed. In a second step we successively entered these variables in hierarchical linear mixed models, controlling for country and gender effects and their respective interaction, in order to determine their impact on the level of somatic complaints across countries. Results All these dimensions varied extensively between all countries, with females reporting higher levels of somatic complaints than men in several countries. Despite this variation, our findings demonstrate a general and stable influence of neuroticism, openness, parental rearing styles, coping abilities and identity-related stress on somatic complaints across countries. Conclusion Findings support the use of a general intervention model that includes appropriate coping strategies for emotion regulation, but also encourages support seeking for age-specific problems in dealing with identity stress during the transition to adulthood. In addition, this intervention model should be adjusted for a specific culture and gender.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heribert Sattel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Technical University Munich, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Munich, -Germany
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Alkan F, Sapmaz SY, Kardelen C, Bircan O, Bilac O, Kandemir H, Coskun S. Should pediatric cardiologists refer all patients with unexplained chest pain to a psychiatrist? Cardiol Young 2023:1-7. [PMID: 38149344 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951123004195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between unexplained chest pain in children with parents' mental problems, parental attitudes, family functionality, and the child's mental problems. MATERIAL AND METHOD A total of 433 children (between 11 and 18 years of age) applied to the Pediatric Cardiology Outpatient Clinic due to chest pain in the last year. A clinical interview was conducted by a child psychiatrist with 43 patients and 33 controls included in the study due to unexplained chest pain. RESULTS Family history of physical illness was significantly higher in the chest pain group. When evaluated in terms of psychosocial risk factors, life events causing difficulties, derangement in the family, loss of a close person, and exposure to violence were statistically significantly higher in the group with chest pain. Mental disorders were observed in 67.4% of the children in the chest pain group as a result of the clinical interview. The total score of the DSM-5 somatic symptoms scale, which evaluates other somatic complaints in the chest pain group, was also significantly higher. When the family functions of both groups were evaluated, communication, emotional response, behaviour control, and general functions sub-dimensions were statistically significantly higher in families in the chest pain group. CONCLUSION We recommend that psychiatric evaluation be included in diagnostic research to prevent unnecessary medical diagnostic procedures in children describing unexplained chest pain, as well as to prevent the potential for diagnosing mental disorders in both children and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatos Alkan
- Division of Pediatrics Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Sermin Yalın Sapmaz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Cansın Kardelen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Onur Bircan
- Division of Pediatrics Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Oznur Bilac
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Hasan Kandemir
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Senol Coskun
- Division of Pediatrics Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
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Grigorian K, Östberg V, Raninen J, Låftman SB. Parenting Practices and Psychosomatic Complaints Among Swedish Adolescents. Int J Public Health 2023; 68:1606580. [PMID: 38179321 PMCID: PMC10766014 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2023.1606580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Parent-adolescent relationships play a crucial role in youth development. This study examines the associations between parenting practices (parental support, knowledge, and rule-setting) and psychosomatic complaints across middle and late adolescence. Methods: The study utilised data from a Swedish national cohort (n = 3,678). Participants completed self-report questionnaires in 2017 (∼15-16 years) and again in 2019 (∼17-18 years). Results: Parental support exhibited the strongest and most consistent inverse cross-sectional associations with psychosomatic complaints during both middle and late adolescence. Furthermore, increases in parental support and parental knowledge were associated with decreases in adolescent psychosomatic complaints. However, parental support and knowledge at age 15-16 were not prospectively associated with psychosomatic complaints at age 17-18. Conclusion: These findings underscore the importance of ongoing parental engagement, particularly in terms of providing constant support, throughout middle and late adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Grigorian
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Viveca Östberg
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Raninen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (KI), Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sara Brolin Låftman
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Lawrence TI, Hong JS, Sopchak KS, Voisin DR. The association between exposure to community violence and somatic symptoms through bullying victimization among African American adolescents in Chicago: A developmental trauma approach. J Clin Psychol 2023; 79:1280-1292. [PMID: 36649603 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The developmental trauma theory suggests that traumatic events impede the ability of individuals to form interpersonal relationships, impair cognition, affect, and increase the vulnerability of adolescents to develop psychopathology. However, few studies have examined the applicability of this theory among African American adolescents who were exposed to community violence and adverse outcomes, including bullying victimization and somatic symptoms. AIMS Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to first test the association between exposure to community violence and somatic symptoms. Then, we explored whether bullying victimization mediated the relationship between exposure to community violence and somatic symptoms while controlling for gender differences and substance use (n = 622). RESULTS Results suggest that exposure to community violence is positively associated with somatic symptoms. Moreover, the association between exposure to community violence and somatic symptoms was mediated by bullying victimization. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION These results were consistent with the developmental trauma theory, such that trauma could increase the vulnerability for future victimization, thus, leading to somatic symptoms. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy I Lawrence
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Jun S Hong
- School of Social Work, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Social Welfare, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kelly S Sopchak
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Dexter R Voisin
- Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Salmon M, Sibeoni J, Harf A, Moro MR, Ludot-Grégoire M. Systematic review on somatization in a transcultural context among teenagers and young adults: Focus on the nosography blur. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:897002. [PMID: 35958663 PMCID: PMC9358691 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.897002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Somatic complaints are a frequent cause for consultation in primary care. In a transcultural context, somatic complaints are typically associated with psychological distress. A recent review about somatic symptom disorders in adolescence showed some nosographic heterogeneity and outlined various etiological hypotheses (traumatic, environmental, or neurologic), separate from the cross-cultural considerations. Migrants' children encounter specific problems involving cultural mixing-issues of filiation (familial transmission) and affiliation (belonging to a group). This paper aims to provide a systematic review of somatization in transcultural contexts among teenagers and young adults, aged 13 to 24, over the past decade. Methods This review adheres to the quality criteria set forth by the PRISMA guidelines (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). Two authors queried three English databases (Medline, PsycInfo, WebOfScience) about somatization in transcultural contexts (migrant or non-Western population) among teenagers (13-18), young adults (19-24), or both. The methodological process comprised articles selection, data extraction, and then the analysis of emerging themes. Setting selection criteria to limit the transcultural field was difficult. Results The study analyzed 68 articles. We present a descriptive analysis of the results, centered on three main themes. First, the literature highlights a nosographic muddle reflected in the combination of anxious and depressive symptoms together with the highly variable symptomatology. Second, discrimination issues were prevalent among the migrant population. Lastly, the literature review points out possibilities for improving a care pathway and reducing the diagnostic delay induced by migrants' hesitancy about Western care and the recurrent use of inappropriate diagnostic criteria. Conclusion This review discusses the links between the nosographic muddle described here and the diagnostic delays these patients experience and raises concerns about rigid diagnostic compartmentalization. The work of the psychiatrist Frantz Fanon is here useful to understand externalized symptoms resulting from physical and psychological confinement. Discrimination issues raise questions about the cultural counter-transference health professionals experience in dealing with young migrants. Defining healthcare professionals' representations about somatic complaints in a transcultural context might be a fruitful path to explore in future research. Protocol PROSPERO registration number CRD42021294132. Available from: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021294132.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Salmon
- APHP, Hôpital Cochin, Maison de Solenn, Paris, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Jordan Sibeoni
- Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'Adolescent, Centre Hospitalier d'Argenteuil, Argenteuil, France
- ECSTRRA Team, UMR-1153, Inserm, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Harf
- APHP, Hôpital Cochin, Maison de Solenn, Paris, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, Team DevPsy, Villejuif, France
| | - Marie Rose Moro
- APHP, Hôpital Cochin, Maison de Solenn, Paris, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, Team DevPsy, Villejuif, France
- Université de Paris, PCPP, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Maude Ludot-Grégoire
- APHP, Hôpital Cochin, Maison de Solenn, Paris, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, Team DevPsy, Villejuif, France
- Université de Paris, PCPP, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Parent chronic illness may increase somatic symptomology risk in children. The current study examines this association in relation to a variety of chronic illnesses and also considers possible related parental and adolescent background factors. METHODS Secondary analyses used longitudinal data from the University of North Carolina National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. Interviews were used to assess demographics, adolescent somatic symptoms, living situation, and parental illness and general physical health. Somatic symptoms in adolescents with no ill parents (n = 2302 adolescents; Mage = 15.3) were compared with adolescents with ill mothers (n = 2336; Mage = 15.3), ill fathers (n = 1304; Mage = 15.3), or two ill parents (n = 3768; Mage = 15.3) using Poisson regression models. We also examined the role of living status, adolescent sex, and parent general physical health on somatic symptom outcomes. RESULTS Elevated somatic symptoms were observed in adolescents with ill mothers (mean ratio [MR] = 1.15, p = .015) and with both parents ill (MR = 1.10, p < .001). Among adolescents with ill parents, females had more symptoms than males (ill mother: MR = 1.12, p < .001; ill father: MR = 1.23, p < .001; and both parents ill: MR = 1.23, p < .001). Poorer maternal physical health also increased somatic symptom risk (MR = 1.12, p = .02). Longitudinally, adolescents with ill mothers (MR = 1.14, p < .001), ill fathers (MR = 1.13, p < .001), or both parents ill (MR = 1.16, p < .001) had increased somatic symptom risk. Wave I somatic symptoms also increased future risk: ill mother (MR = 1.19, p < .001), ill father (MR = 1.22, p < .001), or both parents ill (MR = 1.20, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS The results highlight that having an ill parent is a risk factor for adolescent somatic symptoms. In addition, other factors such as adolescent sex play an additional role in adolescent somatic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey C. Elliott
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas at Austin
| | - Lindsay M. Stager
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Dustin Long
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Burel R. Goodin
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Aaron D. Fobian
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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