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Hoekstra PJ, van den Hoofdakker BJ, Rosenau PT, Dietrich A, Leijten P, Groenman AP, Dekkers TJ. We need better long-term intervention programs in mental health care for children and young people with chronic vulnerabilities. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023; 32:1525-1527. [PMID: 37563500 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02281-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pieter J Hoekstra
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Accare Child Study Center, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Barbara J van den Hoofdakker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Accare Child Study Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul T Rosenau
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Accare Child Study Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Dietrich
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Accare Child Study Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Patty Leijten
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annabeth P Groenman
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Accare Child Study Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tycho J Dekkers
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Accare Child Study Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Levvel, Academic Center for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Long-Term Effects of an Oligoantigenic Diet in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) on Core Symptomatology. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235111. [PMID: 36501141 PMCID: PMC9737158 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In the early 1920s, it was discovered that nutrition is associated with what is known today as Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and that certain foods can worsen the symptoms. In previous studies, approximately 60% of the participants experience at least a 40% reduction in ADHD symptoms after an oligoantigenic diet (OD). The purpose of this study was to evaluate ADHD symptoms in children approximately 3.5 years after completing a 4-week oligoantigenic diet. Among 28 participants who completed the 4-week diet, 21 were re-assessed for this study after 3.5 years. The severity of ADHD symptoms was assessed with the ADHD-Rating-Scale-IV (ARS). Of 21 participants, 14 fulfilled the responder criterion, whereas 7 did not. At follow-up, 28% of the participants were taking medication. The mean ARS total score improved significantly from T1: M = 29.62 (SD = 9.80) to T2: M = 15.86 (SD = 8.56) between the time points before and after the diet (d = -1.91). There was also a lower ARS total score at the follow-up T5: M = 16.00 (SD = 10.52) compared to before the diet (d = -1.17). This study shows that individually adjusted nutrition significantly improved the ADHD symptomatology of the participants long-term. This suggests that an oligoantigenic diet with subsequent individual nutritional recommendations could become an additional treatment option for children with ADHD.
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