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Dini N, Taheri M, Shirvani-Farsani Z. The expression analysis of long noncoding RNAs PCAT-1, PCAT-29, and MER11C in bipolar disorder. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:524. [PMID: 39044190 PMCID: PMC11264442 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05974-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcripts with a length of usually more than 200 nucleotides (nt) that have promised functions in varied biological processes. lncRNAs participate in the regulation of differentiation, development, and function of the brain. Thus, their dysregulation might play important roles in the etiology of neurological disorders such as BD. In this study, the expression level of PCAT-1, PCAT-29, and MER11C lncRNAs was evaluated in the blood of BD patients compared to the control group. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 50 BD type I patients and 50 healthy individuals were isolated. The RNAs were extracted and cDNA was synthesized. Then, the expression level of the desired lncRNAs was measured through Real-Time PCR. The expression levels of PCAT-29 and MER11C lncRNAs were significantly lower in BD patients compared to controls. However, the expression level of PCAT-1 was not significantly different between these two sets of samples. According to the ROC curve, PCAT-29 and MER11C had significant diagnostic power for the differentiation of BD patients from controls. Taken together, our results indicate dysregulation of two lncRNAs in patients with BD and the possible roles of these lncRNAs in the neuropathology of bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Dini
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
| | - Zeinab Shirvani-Farsani
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Pokorná M, Černá M, Boussios S, Ovsepian SV, O’Leary VB. lncRNA Biomarkers of Glioblastoma Multiforme. Biomedicines 2024; 12:932. [PMID: 38790894 PMCID: PMC11117901 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12050932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are RNA molecules of 200 nucleotides or more in length that are not translated into proteins. Their expression is tissue-specific, with the vast majority involved in the regulation of cellular processes and functions. Many human diseases, including cancer, have been shown to be associated with deregulated lncRNAs, rendering them potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers for differential diagnosis. The expression of lncRNAs in the nervous system varies in different cell types, implicated in mechanisms of neurons and glia, with effects on the development and functioning of the brain. Reports have also shown a link between changes in lncRNA molecules and the etiopathogenesis of brain neoplasia, including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). GBM is an aggressive variant of brain cancer with an unfavourable prognosis and a median survival of 14-16 months. It is considered a brain-specific disease with the highly invasive malignant cells spreading throughout the neural tissue, impeding the complete resection, and leading to post-surgery recurrences, which are the prime cause of mortality. The early diagnosis of GBM could improve the treatment and extend survival, with the lncRNA profiling of biological fluids promising the detection of neoplastic changes at their initial stages and more effective therapeutic interventions. This review presents a systematic overview of GBM-associated deregulation of lncRNAs with a focus on lncRNA fingerprints in patients' blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markéta Pokorná
- Department of Medical Genetics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, Vinohrady, 10000 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.Č.); (V.B.O.)
| | - Marie Černá
- Department of Medical Genetics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, Vinohrady, 10000 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.Č.); (V.B.O.)
| | - Stergios Boussios
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Gillingham ME7 5NY, UK;
- Faculty of Medicine, Health, and Social Care, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury CT2 7PB, UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK
- Kent Medway Medical School, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7LX, UK
- AELIA Organization, 9th Km Thessaloniki-Thermi, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Saak V. Ovsepian
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich London, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK;
- Faculty of Medicine, Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi 0177, Georgia
| | - Valerie Bríd O’Leary
- Department of Medical Genetics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, Vinohrady, 10000 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.Č.); (V.B.O.)
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3
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Tan J, Sun X, Zhao H, Guan H, Gao S, Zhou P. Double-strand DNA break repair: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e388. [PMID: 37808268 PMCID: PMC10556206 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Double-strand break (DSB), a significant DNA damage brought on by ionizing radiation, acts as an initiating signal in tumor radiotherapy, causing cancer cells death. The two primary pathways for DNA DSB repair in mammalian cells are nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR), which cooperate and compete with one another to achieve effective repair. The DSB repair mechanism depends on numerous regulatory variables. DSB recognition and the recruitment of DNA repair components, for instance, depend on the MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 (MRN) complex and the Ku70/80 heterodimer/DNA-PKcs (DNA-PK) complex, whose control is crucial in determining the DSB repair pathway choice and efficiency of HR and NHEJ. In-depth elucidation on the DSB repair pathway's molecular mechanisms has greatly facilitated for creation of repair proteins or pathways-specific inhibitors to advance precise cancer therapy and boost the effectiveness of cancer radiotherapy. The architectures, roles, molecular processes, and inhibitors of significant target proteins in the DSB repair pathways are reviewed in this article. The strategy and application in cancer therapy are also discussed based on the advancement of inhibitors targeted DSB damage response and repair proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Tan
- Hengyang Medical CollegeUniversity of South ChinaHengyangHunan ProvinceChina
- Department of Radiation BiologyBeijing Key Laboratory for RadiobiologyBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Xingyao Sun
- Hengyang Medical CollegeUniversity of South ChinaHengyangHunan ProvinceChina
- Department of Radiation BiologyBeijing Key Laboratory for RadiobiologyBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Hongling Zhao
- Department of Radiation BiologyBeijing Key Laboratory for RadiobiologyBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Hua Guan
- Department of Radiation BiologyBeijing Key Laboratory for RadiobiologyBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Shanshan Gao
- Department of Radiation BiologyBeijing Key Laboratory for RadiobiologyBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Ping‐Kun Zhou
- Hengyang Medical CollegeUniversity of South ChinaHengyangHunan ProvinceChina
- Department of Radiation BiologyBeijing Key Laboratory for RadiobiologyBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijingChina
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4
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Villa GR, Chiocca EA. The Role of Long Noncoding Ribonucleic Acids in Glioblastoma: What the Neurosurgeon Should Know. Neurosurgery 2023; 92:1104-1111. [PMID: 36880757 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000002449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A significant proportion of the human transcriptome, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play pivotal roles in several aspects of glioblastoma (GBM) pathophysiology including proliferation, invasion, radiation and temozolomide resistance, and immune modulation. The majority of lncRNAs exhibit tissue- and tumor-specific expression, lending them to be attractive targets for therapeutic translation. In recent years, unprecedented progress has been made toward our understanding of lncRNA in GBM. In this review, we discuss the function of lncRNAs, including specific lncRNAs that have critical roles in key aspects of GBM pathophysiology, and potential clinical relevance of lncRNAs for patients with GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genaro Rodriguez Villa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston , Massachusetts , USA
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5
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Zhu C, Jiang J, Feng G, Fan S. The exciting encounter between lncRNAs and radiosensitivity in IR-induced DNA damage events. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:1829-1843. [PMID: 36507968 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07966-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Radiation therapy is a commonly used tool in cancer management due to its ability to destroy malignant tumors. Mechanically, the efficacy of radiotherapy mainly depends on the inherent radiosensitivity of cancer cells and surrounding normal tissues, which mostly accounts for molecular dynamics associated with radiation-induced DNA damage. However, the relationship between radiosensitivity and DNA damage mechanism deserves to be further probed. As the well-established RNA regulators or effectors, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) dominate vital roles in modulating ionizing radiation response by targeting crucial molecular pathways, including DNA damage repair. Recently, emerging evidence has constantly confirmed that overexpression or inhibition of lncRNAs can greatly influence the sensitivity of radiotherapy for many kinds of cancers, by driving a diverse array of DNA damage-associated signaling cascades. In conclusion, this review critically summarizes the recent progress in the molecular mechanism of IR-responsive lncRNAs in the context of radiation-induced DNA damage. The different response of lncRNAs when IR exposure. IR exposure can trigger the changes in expression pattern and subcellular localization of lncRNAs that influences the different radiology processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changchun Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 238 Baidi Road, 300192, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Jin Jiang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 238 Baidi Road, 300192, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Guoxing Feng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 238 Baidi Road, 300192, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Saijun Fan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 238 Baidi Road, 300192, Tianjin, PR China.
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Rajabi A, Kayedi M, Rahimi S, Dashti F, Mirazimi SMA, Homayoonfal M, Mahdian SMA, Hamblin MR, Tamtaji OR, Afrasiabi A, Jafari A, Mirzaei H. Non-coding RNAs and glioma: Focus on cancer stem cells. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022; 27:100-123. [PMID: 36321132 PMCID: PMC9593299 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma and gliomas can have a wide range of histopathologic subtypes. These heterogeneous histologic phenotypes originate from tumor cells with the distinct functions of tumorigenesis and self-renewal, called glioma stem cells (GSCs). GSCs are characterized based on multi-layered epigenetic mechanisms, which control the expression of many genes. This epigenetic regulatory mechanism is often based on functional non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). ncRNAs have become increasingly important in the pathogenesis of human cancer and work as oncogenes or tumor suppressors to regulate carcinogenesis and progression. These RNAs by being involved in chromatin remodeling and modification, transcriptional regulation, and alternative splicing of pre-mRNA, as well as mRNA stability and protein translation, play a key role in tumor development and progression. Numerous studies have been performed to try to understand the dysregulation pattern of these ncRNAs in tumors and cancer stem cells (CSCs), which show robust differentiation and self-regeneration capacity. This review provides recent findings on the role of ncRNAs in glioma development and progression, particularly their effects on CSCs, thus accelerating the clinical implementation of ncRNAs as promising tumor biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Rajabi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Kayedi
- Department of Radiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shiva Rahimi
- School of Medicine,Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Dashti
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Ali Mirazimi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mina Homayoonfal
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Amin Mahdian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
| | - Omid Reza Tamtaji
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Afrasiabi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ameneh Jafari
- Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product (ATMP) Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Mukherjee S, Kundu U, Desai D, Pillai PP. Particulate Matters Affecting lncRNA Dysregulation and Glioblastoma Invasiveness: In Silico Applications and Current Insights. J Mol Neurosci 2022; 72:2188-2206. [PMID: 36370303 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-022-02069-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
With a reported rise in global air pollution, more than 50% of the population remains exposed to toxic air pollutants in the form of particulate matters (PMs). PMs, from various sources and of varying sizes, have a significant impact on health as long-time exposure to them has seen a correlation with various health hazards and have also been determined to be carcinogenic. In addition to disrupting known cellular pathways, PMs have also been associated with lncRNA dysregulation-a factor that increases predisposition towards the onset or progression of cancer. lncRNA dysregulation is further seen to mediate glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) progression. The vast array of information regarding cancer types including GBM and its various precursors can easily be obtained via innovative in silico approaches in the form of databases such as GEO and TCGA; however, a need to obtain selective and specific information correlating anthropogenic factors and disease progression-in the case of GBM-can serve as a critical tool to filter down and target specific PMs and lncRNAs responsible for regulating key cancer hallmarks in glioblastoma. The current review article proposes an in silico approach in the form of a database that reviews current updates on correlation of PMs with lncRNA dysregulation leading to GBM progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swagatama Mukherjee
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Zoology, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Uma Kundu
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Zoology, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Dhwani Desai
- Integrated Microbiome Resource, Department of Pharmacology and Marine Microbial Genomics and Biogeochemistry lab, Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifix, Canada
| | - Prakash P Pillai
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390 002, Gujarat, India.
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8
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Genomic and Epigenomic Features of Glioblastoma Multiforme and its Biomarkers. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:4022960. [PMID: 36185622 PMCID: PMC9519330 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4022960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is a serious and life-threatening tumor of central nervous system, characterized by aggressive behavior, poor prognosis, and low survival rate. Despite of the availability of aggressive antitumor therapeutic regimen for glioblastoma (radiotherapy followed by chemotherapeutic dose), recovery rate, and patients' survival ratio is attributed to the lack of selectivity of therapeutic drugs and less advancement in cancer therapeutics over last decade. Moreover, tools employed in conventional diagnosis of glioblastoma are more invasive and painful, making the process excruciating for the patients. These challenges urge for the need of novel biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction purpose with less invasiveness and more patient compliance. This article will explore the genetic biomarkers isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation, MGMT mutations, and EGFR that can be deployed as an analytical tool in diagnosis of disease and prognosis of a therapeutic course. The review also highlights the importance of employing novel microRNAs as prognostic biomarkers. Recent clinical advancements to treat GBM and to prevent relapse of the disease are also discussed in this article in the hope of finding a robust and effective method to treat GBM.
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Long Noncoding RNAs and Circular RNAs Regulate AKT and Its Effectors to Control Cell Functions of Cancer Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11192940. [PMID: 36230902 PMCID: PMC9563963 DOI: 10.3390/cells11192940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AKT serine-threonine kinase (AKT) and its effectors are essential for maintaining cell proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, mitochondrial morphogenesis (fission/fusion), ferroptosis, necroptosis, DNA damage response (damage and repair), senescence, and migration of cancer cells. Several lncRNAs and circRNAs also regulate the expression of these functions by numerous pathways. However, the impact on cell functions by lncRNAs and circRNAs regulating AKT and its effectors is poorly understood. This review provides comprehensive information about the relationship of lncRNAs and circRNAs with AKT on the cell functions of cancer cells. the roles of several lncRNAs and circRNAs acting on AKT effectors, such as FOXO, mTORC1/2, S6K1/2, 4EBP1, SREBP, and HIF are explored. To further validate the relationship between AKT, AKT effectors, lncRNAs, and circRNAs, more predicted AKT- and AKT effector-targeting lncRNAs and circRNAs were retrieved from the LncTarD and circBase databases. Consistently, using an in-depth literature survey, these AKT- and AKT effector-targeting database lncRNAs and circRNAs were related to cell functions. Therefore, some lncRNAs and circRNAs can regulate several cell functions through modulating AKT and AKT effectors. This review provides insights into a comprehensive network of AKT and AKT effectors connecting to lncRNAs and circRNAs in the regulation of cancer cell functions.
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Zhang H, Fang C, Feng Z, Xia T, Lu L, Luo M, Chen Y, Liu Y, Li Y. The Role of LncRNAs in the Regulation of Radiotherapy Sensitivity in Cervical Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:896840. [PMID: 35692795 PMCID: PMC9178109 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.896840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the three majors gynecological malignancies, which seriously threatens women’s health and life. Radiotherapy (RT) is one of the most common treatments for cervical cancer, which can reduce local recurrence and prolong survival in patients with cervical cancer. However, the resistance of cancer cells to Radiotherapy are the main cause of treatment failure in patients with cervical cancer. Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) are a group of non-protein-coding RNAs with a length of more than 200 nucleotides, which play an important role in regulating the biological behavior of cervical cancer. Recent studies have shown that LncRNAs play a key role in regulating the sensitivity of radiotherapy for cervical cancer. In this review, we summarize the structure and function of LncRNAs and the molecular mechanism of radiosensitivity in cervical cancer, list the LncRNAs associated with radiosensitivity in cervical cancer, analyze their potential mechanisms, and discuss the potential clinical application of these LncRNAs in regulating radiosensitivity in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guizhou, China
| | - Chunju Fang
- Department of Oncology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhiyu Feng
- Department of Oncology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guizhou, China
| | - Tingting Xia
- Department of Nephrology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guizhou, China
| | - Liang Lu
- Department of Oncology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guizhou, China
| | - Min Luo
- Department of Oncology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guizhou, China
| | - Yanping Chen
- Department of Oncology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guizhou, China
| | - Yuncong Liu
- Department of Oncology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guizhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yuncong Liu, ; Yong Li,
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Oncology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guizhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yuncong Liu, ; Yong Li,
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Zhao N, Zhang J, Zhao Q, Chen C, Wang H. Mechanisms of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Biological Characteristics and Aerobic Glycolysis of Glioma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011197. [PMID: 34681857 PMCID: PMC8541290 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common and aggressive tumor of the central nervous system. The uncontrolled proliferation, cellular heterogeneity, and diffusive capacity of glioma cells contribute to a very poor prognosis of patients with high grade glioma. Compared to normal cells, cancer cells exhibit a higher rate of glucose uptake, which is accompanied with the metabolic switch from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis. The metabolic reprogramming of cancer cell supports excessive cell proliferation, which are frequently mediated by the activation of oncogenes or the perturbations of tumor suppressor genes. Recently, a growing body of evidence has started to reveal that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are implicated in a wide spectrum of biological processes in glioma, including malignant phenotypes and aerobic glycolysis. However, the mechanisms of diverse lncRNAs in the initiation and progression of gliomas remain to be fully unveiled. In this review, we summarized the diverse roles of lncRNAs in shaping the biological features and aerobic glycolysis of glioma. The thorough understanding of lncRNAs in glioma biology provides opportunities for developing diagnostic biomarkers and novel therapeutic strategies targeting gliomas.
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12
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Mutlu M, Tekin C, Ak Aksoy S, Taskapilioglu MO, Kaya S, Balcin RN, Ocak PE, Kocaeli H, Bekar A, Tolunay S, Tunca B. Long non-coding RNAs as a predictive markers of group 3 medulloblastomas. Neurol Res 2021; 44:232-241. [PMID: 34533098 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2021.1975223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
ObjectiveThe appropriate treatments for the different molecular subgroups of medulloblastomas are challenging to determine. Hence, this study aimed to examine the expression profiles of long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) to determine a marker that may be important for treatment selection in these subgroups.MethodsChanges in the expression of LncRNAs in the tissues of patients with medulloblastoma, which are classified into four subgroups according to their clinical characteristics and gene expression profiles, were examined via reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Moreover, there association with patient prognosis was evaluated.ResultsThe expression levels of MALAT1 and SNGH16 were significantly higher in patients with group 3 medulloblastoma than in those with other subtypes. Patients with high expression levels of MALAT1 and SNGH16 had a relatively shorter overall survival than those with low expression levels.ConclusionsPatients with group 3 medulloblastoma have a high MALAT1 level, which is associated with poor prognosis. Therefore, MALAT1 can be a new therapeutic target in medulloblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melis Mutlu
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Cagla Tekin
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Secil Ak Aksoy
- Inegol Vocation School, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | | | - Seckin Kaya
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Rabia Nur Balcin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Pınar Eser Ocak
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Hasan Kocaeli
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Bekar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Sahsine Tolunay
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Berrin Tunca
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
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13
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Wilson C, Kanhere A. 8q24.21 Locus: A Paradigm to Link Non-Coding RNAs, Genome Polymorphisms and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1094. [PMID: 33499210 PMCID: PMC7865353 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of the human genome is comprised of non-protein-coding genes, but the relevance of non-coding RNAs in complex diseases has yet to be fully elucidated. One class of non-coding RNAs is long non-coding RNAs or lncRNAs, many of which have been identified to play a range of roles in transcription and translation. While the clinical importance of the majority of lncRNAs have yet to be identified, it is puzzling that a large number of disease-associated genetic variations are seen in lncRNA genes. The 8q24.21 locus is rich in lncRNAs and very few protein-coding genes are located in this region. Interestingly, the 8q24.21 region is also a hot spot for genetic variants associated with an increased risk of cancer. Research focusing on the lncRNAs in this area of the genome has indicated clinical relevance of lncRNAs in different cancers. In this review, we summarise the lncRNAs in the 8q24.21 region with respect to their role in cancer and discuss the potential impact of cancer-associated genetic polymorphisms on the function of lncRNAs in initiation and progression of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aditi Kanhere
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK;
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Liu SY, Zhao ZY, Qiao Z, Li SM, Zhang WN. LncRNA PCAT1 Interacts with DKC1 to Regulate Proliferation, Invasion and Apoptosis in NSCLC Cells via the VEGF/AKT/Bcl2/Caspase9 Pathway. Cell Transplant 2021; 30:963689720986071. [PMID: 33461333 PMCID: PMC7818005 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720986071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are increasingly recognized as indispensable
components of the regulatory network in the progression of various cancers,
including nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The lncRNA prostate cancer
associated transcript 1 (PCAT1) has been involved in tumorigenesis of multiple
malignant solid tumors, but it is largely unknown that what is the role of
lncRNA-PCAT1 and how it functions in the progression of lung cancer. Herein, we
observed that lncRNA PCAT1 expression was upregulated in both human NSCLC
tissues and cell lines, which was determined by qualitative polymerase chain
reaction analysis. Then, gain-and loss-of-function manipulations were performed
in A549 cells by transfection with a specific short interfering RNA against
PCAT1 or a pcDNA-PCAT1 expression vector. The results showed that PCAT1 not only
promoted NSCLC cell proliferation and invasion but also inhibited cell
apoptosis. Bioinformatics and expression correlation analyses revealed that
there was a potential interaction between PCAT1 and the dyskerin pseudouridine
synthase 1 (DKC1) protein, an RNA-binding protein. Then, RNA pull-down assays
with biotinylated probes and transcripts both confirmed that PCAT1 directly
bounds with DKC1 that could also promote NSCLC cell proliferation and invasion
and inhibit cell apoptosis. Moreover, the effects of PCAT1 and DKC1 on NSCLC
functions are synergistic. Furthermore, PCAT1 and DKC1 activated the vascular
endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/protein kinase B (AKT)/Bcl-2/caspase9 pathway
in NSCLC cells, and inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor, AKT, or
Bcl-2 could eliminate the effect of PCAT1/DKC1 co-overexpression on NSCLC cell
behaviors. In conclusion, lncRNA PCAT1 interacts with DKC1 to regulate
proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis in NSCLC cells via the
VEGF/AKT/Bcl-2/caspase9 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yuan Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Yu Zhao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Qiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Shao-Min Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Ning Zhang
- Department of Surgical Chest and Oncology, the Hospital of Xidian Group, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, P. R. China
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15
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Shen C, Yang C, Xia B, You M. Long non-coding RNAs: Emerging regulators for chemo/immunotherapy resistance in cancer stem cells. Cancer Lett 2020; 500:244-252. [PMID: 33242560 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small subpopulation of tumor cells critical for tumor development. Their unique abilities, such as self-renewal, have resulted in tumor resistance to various cancer treatments, including traditional chemotherapy and latest immunotherapy. CSCs-targeting therapy is a promising treatment to overcome the therapeutic resistances to different tumors. However, despite their significance, the regulatory mechanism generating therapy-resistant CSCs is still obscure. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key regulators in various biological processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. Recent studies have revealed that lncRNAs play an important role in the therapeutic resistance of CSCs. Here we summarize the latest studies on the regulatory role of lncRNAs in sustaining the stemness of CSCs, and discuss the associated mechanisms behind these behavior changes in CSCs-related chemo- and immune-resistance. Future research implications are also discussed, shedding light on the potential CSCs-targeted strategies to break through the resistance of current therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongyang Shen
- Basic Medicine School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Anhui, 230038, China
| | - Chuan Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Bing Xia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310002, China
| | - Mingliang You
- Hangzhou Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310002, China.
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16
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Ge X, Gu Y, Li D, Jiang M, Zhao S, Li Z, Liu S. Knockdown of lncRNA PCAT1 Enhances Radiosensitivity of Cervical Cancer by Regulating miR-128/GOLM1 Axis. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:10373-10385. [PMID: 33116617 PMCID: PMC7568621 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s263728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth most common cancer with high death rate in females. The study aims to detect the mechanism of long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) PCAT1 on radiosensitivity of CC. Methods The expression of PCAT1, miR-128 and GOLM1 in CC tissues and cells was measured by qRT-PCR. Different doses of X-ray were used for radiation treatment of CC cells and 6 Gy was chosen to perform the following experiments. The proliferation, migration and invasion of CC cells were measured by MTT assay, wound healing assay and transwell assay, respectively. The target relationships among PCAT1, miR-128 and GOLM1 were predicted by StarBase and TargetScan and verified by luciferase reporter assay. The protein level of GOLM1 was determined by Western blot. The xenograft tumor model was constructed in nude mice to verify the effect of PCAT1 on radiosensitivity of CC in vivo. Results The PCAT1 expression was upregulated in CC tissues and cells. PCAT1 silencing enhances radiosensitivity of CC cells on proliferation, migration and invasion. MiR-128 was the target of PCAT1 and was negatively regulated by PCAT1. Upregulation of miR-128 enhances radiosensitivity of CC cells on proliferation, migration and invasion. GOLM1 was a target of miR-128 and was negatively regulated by miR-128. Upregulation of GOLM1 and downregulation of miR-128 both reversed the enhanced effect of PCAT1 knockdown on radiosensitivity of CC cells, which partly promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of CC cells. Conclusion Silencing of PCAT1 enhanced radiosensitivity of CC via targeting miR-128/GOLM1, which provided a new idea for treating CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingping Ge
- Department of Radiotherapy, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai City, Shandong Province 264000, People's Republic ofChina
| | - Yongfei Gu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai City, Shandong Province 264000, People's Republic ofChina
| | - Dianzu Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai City, Shandong Province 264000, People's Republic ofChina
| | - Maozhu Jiang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai City, Shandong Province 264000, People's Republic ofChina
| | - Shuliang Zhao
- Department of Radiotherapy, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai City, Shandong Province 264000, People's Republic ofChina
| | - Zhengliang Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai City, Shandong Province 264000, People's Republic ofChina
| | - Shuliang Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai City, Shandong Province 264001, People's Republic of China
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17
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Stackhouse CT, Gillespie GY, Willey CD. Exploring the Roles of lncRNAs in GBM Pathophysiology and Their Therapeutic Potential. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112369. [PMID: 33126510 PMCID: PMC7692132 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) remains the most devastating primary central nervous system malignancy with a median survival of around 15 months. The past decades of research have not yielded significant advancements in the treatment of GBM. In that same time, a novel class of molecules, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), has been found to play a multitude of roles in cancer and normal biology. The increased accessibility of next generation sequencing technologies and the advent of lncRNA-specific microarrays have facilitated the study of lncRNA etiology. Molecular and computational methods can be applied to predict lncRNA function. LncRNAs can serve as molecular decoys, scaffolds, super-enhancers, or repressors. These molecules can serve as phenotypic switches for GBM cells at the expression and/or epigenetic levels. LncRNAs can affect stemness/differentiation, proliferation, invasion, survival, DNA damage response, and chromatin dynamics. Aberrant expression of these transcripts may facilitate therapy resistance, leading to tumor recurrence. LncRNAs could serve as novel theragnostic or prognostic biomarkers in GBM and other cancers. RNA-based therapeutics may also be employed to target lncRNAs as a novel route of treatment for primary or recurrent GBM. In this review, we explore the roles of lncRNAs in GBM pathophysiology and posit their novel therapeutic potential for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian T. Stackhouse
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (C.T.S.); (G.Y.G.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - G. Yancey Gillespie
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (C.T.S.); (G.Y.G.)
| | - Christopher D. Willey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- Correspondence:
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18
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High-Throughput Sequencing-Based Identification of Serum Exosomal Differential miRNAs in High-Grade Glioma and Intracranial Lymphoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:2102645. [PMID: 33083454 PMCID: PMC7563063 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2102645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Objective At present, no effective noninvasive method is currently available for the differential diagnosis of high-grade glioma and intracranial lymphoma. In the present study, we aimed to screen microRNA (miRNA) markers in serum exosomes for differential diagnosis of high-grade glioma and intracranial lymphoma using high-throughput sequencing technology. Methods Patients with intracranial lymphoma or high-grade glioma and healthy controls were included in this study (training cohort (n = 10) and validation cohort: intracranial lymphoma (n = 10), high-grade glioma (n = 32), and healthy controls (n = 20)). After RNA was extracted from serum exosomes, the high-throughput sequencing was used to determine the expression profiles of serum exosomal miRNAs and screen the differentially expressed miRNAs. RT-qPCR was used to verify the expressions of the selected miRNAs. The differences of miRNA expressions between groups were assessed by the Kruskal-Wallis test. The diagnostic value was analyzed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results High-throughput sequencing demonstrated that 170 miRNAs, including 109 upregulated ones and 61 downregulated ones, were differentially expressed in serum exosomes between the patients with intracranial lymphoma and high-grade glioma. Compared with the healthy controls, the number of differential serum exosomal miRNAs in the high-grade glioma group and intracranial lymphoma group was 130 and 173, respectively. RT-qPCR proved that both miR-766-5p and miR-376b-5p were significantly downregulated in high-grade glioma and intracranial lymphoma patients compared with the healthy controls (all p < 0.001), and the expression of serum exosomal miR-766-5p in the intracranial lymphoma group was lower compared with the high-grade glioma group (p < 0.05). The areas under ROC curve (AUCs) of serum exosomal miR-766-5p and miR-376b-5p for the diagnosis of glioma were 0.8883 (p < 0.001) and 0.7688 (p = 0.001), respectively, and they were 0.9271 (p < 0.001) and 0.8542 (p < 0.001), respectively, for the diagnosis of intracranial lymphoma. Moreover, the AUC value of serum exosomal miR-766-5p for the differential diagnosis of glioma and intracranial lymphoma was 0.7201 (p = 0.026). Conclusions miR-766-5p and miR-376b-5p in serum exosomes might be used as auxiliary diagnostic indicators for high-grade glioma and intracranial lymphoma, and miR-766-5p might be used as a differential diagnostic marker for both diseases.
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19
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Huang RX, Zhou PK. DNA damage response signaling pathways and targets for radiotherapy sensitization in cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:60. [PMID: 32355263 PMCID: PMC7192953 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-0150-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 480] [Impact Index Per Article: 120.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the most common countermeasures for treating a wide range of tumors. However, the radioresistance of cancer cells is still a major limitation for radiotherapy applications. Efforts are continuously ongoing to explore sensitizing targets and develop radiosensitizers for improving the outcomes of radiotherapy. DNA double-strand breaks are the most lethal lesions induced by ionizing radiation and can trigger a series of cellular DNA damage responses (DDRs), including those helping cells recover from radiation injuries, such as the activation of DNA damage sensing and early transduction pathways, cell cycle arrest, and DNA repair. Obviously, these protective DDRs confer tumor radioresistance. Targeting DDR signaling pathways has become an attractive strategy for overcoming tumor radioresistance, and some important advances and breakthroughs have already been achieved in recent years. On the basis of comprehensively reviewing the DDR signal pathways, we provide an update on the novel and promising druggable targets emerging from DDR pathways that can be exploited for radiosensitization. We further discuss recent advances identified from preclinical studies, current clinical trials, and clinical application of chemical inhibitors targeting key DDR proteins, including DNA-PKcs (DNA-dependent protein kinase, catalytic subunit), ATM/ATR (ataxia-telangiectasia mutated and Rad3-related), the MRN (MRE11-RAD50-NBS1) complex, the PARP (poly[ADP-ribose] polymerase) family, MDC1, Wee1, LIG4 (ligase IV), CDK1, BRCA1 (BRCA1 C terminal), CHK1, and HIF-1 (hypoxia-inducible factor-1). Challenges for ionizing radiation-induced signal transduction and targeted therapy are also discussed based on recent achievements in the biological field of radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Xue Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping-Kun Zhou
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, AMMS, 100850, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Dashti S, Taheri M. PCAT1: An oncogenic lncRNA in diverse cancers and a putative therapeutic target. Exp Mol Pathol 2020; 114:104429. [PMID: 32220602 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2020.104429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The critical roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the regulation of diverse biological functions has potentiated them as cancer biomarkers. Among these transcripts is the prostate cancer associated transcript 1 (PCAT1) which has been initially shown to exert oncogenic roles in prostate cancer. Further studies revealed its similar roles in various kinds of human malignancies including both solid tumors and hematological malignancies. Animal studies have shown that down-regulation of this lncRNA can attenuate tumor growth in a wide array of cancers including prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, squamous cell carcinoma lung cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. Studies aimed at identification of diagnostic value of this lncRNA in human cancers reported various values ranging from 0.66 to 0.89 in diverse cancers with the best value reported in multiple myeloma. This lncRNA has a number of putative functional genomic variants such as rs1902432, rs2632159, rs1026411, rs710886, rs16901904 and rs710886 which can modify expression or function of PCAT1 thus altering the risk of human cancers. Based on aberrant expression of PCAT1 in malignancies of diverse origins, this lncRNA can be regarded as a therapeutic target in a vast array of cancers. Thus, modalities for efficient reduction of its expression would be beneficial for several patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center(Ghafouri-Fard et al., 2020b), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Dashti
- Genomic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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