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Huai Z, Yang H, Sun Z. Binding thermodynamics and interaction patterns of human purine nucleoside phosphorylase-inhibitor complexes from extensive free energy calculations. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2021; 35:643-656. [PMID: 33759016 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-021-00382-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human purine nucleoside phosphorylase (hPNP) plays a significant role in the catabolism of deoxyguanosine. The trimeric protein is an important target in the treatment of T-cell cancers and autoimmune disorders. Experimental studies on the inhibition of the hPNP observe that the first ligand bound to one of three subunits effectively inhibits the protein, while the binding of more ligands to the subsequent sites shows negative cooperativities. In this work, we performed extensive end-point and alchemical free energy calculations to determine the binding thermodynamics of the trimeric protein-ligand system. 13 Immucillin inhibitors with experimental results are under calculation. Two widely accepted charge schemes for small molecules including AM1-BCC and RESP are adopted for ligands. The results of RESP are in better agreement with the experimental reference. Further investigations of the interaction networks in the protein-ligand complexes reveal that several residues play significant roles in stabilizing the complex structure. The most commonly observed ones include PHE200, GLU201, MET219, and ASN243. The conformations of the protein in different protein-ligand complexes are observed to be similar. We expect these insights to aid the development of potent drugs targeting hPNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Huai
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Huaiyu Yang
- College of Engineering, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Zhaoxi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
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Holanda RJ, Deves C, Moreira-Dill LS, Guimarães CL, Marttinelli LKB, Fernandes CFC, Medeiros PSM, Pereira SS, Honda ER, Stábeli RG, Santos DS, Soares AM, Pereira da Silva LH. Plasmodium falciparum purine nucleoside phosphorylase as a model in the search for new inhibitors by high throughput screening. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:1832-1841. [PMID: 33075341 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown that inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase (PfPNP) blocks the purine salvage pathway in vitro and in vivo. In this study, PfPNP was evaluated as a model in the search for new inhibitors using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Its expression, purification, oligomeric state, kinetic constants, calorimetric parameters and kinetic mechanisms were obtained. PfPNP was immobilized on a CM5 sensor chip and sensorgrams were produced through binding the enzyme to the substrate MESG and interactions between molecules contained in 10 fractions of natural extracts. The oligomeric state showed that recombinant PfPNP is a hexamer. The true steady-state kinetic parameters for the substrate inosine were: KM 17 μM, kcat 1.2 s-1, VMax 2.2 U/mg and kcat/KM 7 × 10-4; for MESG they were: KM 131 μM, kcat 2.4 s-1, VMax 4.4 U/mg and kcat/KM 1.8 × 10-4. The thermodynamic parameters for the substrate Phosphate were: ΔG - 5.8 cal mol-1, ΔH - 6.5 cal mol-1 and ΔS - 2.25 cal mol-1/degree. The ITC results demonstrated that the binding of phosphate to free PfPNP led to a significant change in heat and association constants and thermodynamic parameters. A sequential ordered mechanism was proposed as the kinetic mechanism. Three plant extracts contained molecules capable of interacting with PfPNP, showing different levels of affinity. The identification of plant extract fractions containing molecules that interact with recombinant PfPNP using SRP validates this target as a model in the search for new inhibitors. In this study, we showed for the first time the true steady-state kinetic parameters for reactions catalyzed by PfPNP and a model using PfPNP as a target for High-throughput Screening for new inhibitors through SPR. This knowledge will allow for the development of more efficient research methods in the search for new drugs against malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudson J Holanda
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas, UFAM, campus Humaitá, Amazonas, Brazil; Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Proteínas e Compostos Bioativos da Amazônia Ocidental, LABIOPROT, Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde, CEBio, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Fiocruz Rondônia e Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil.
| | - Candida Deves
- Centro de Pesquisa em Biologia Molecular e Funcional, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Leandro S Moreira-Dill
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Proteínas e Compostos Bioativos da Amazônia Ocidental, LABIOPROT, Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde, CEBio, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Fiocruz Rondônia e Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
| | - Cesar L Guimarães
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Proteínas e Compostos Bioativos da Amazônia Ocidental, LABIOPROT, Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde, CEBio, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Fiocruz Rondônia e Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
| | - Leonardo K B Marttinelli
- Centro de Pesquisa em Biologia Molecular e Funcional, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carla F C Fernandes
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Proteínas e Compostos Bioativos da Amazônia Ocidental, LABIOPROT, Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde, CEBio, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Fiocruz Rondônia e Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil; Laboratório de Engenharia de Anticorpos, Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil; Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Fiocruz Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Patrícia S M Medeiros
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Proteínas e Compostos Bioativos da Amazônia Ocidental, LABIOPROT, Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde, CEBio, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Fiocruz Rondônia e Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
| | - Soraya S Pereira
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Proteínas e Compostos Bioativos da Amazônia Ocidental, LABIOPROT, Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde, CEBio, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Fiocruz Rondônia e Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil; Laboratório de Engenharia de Anticorpos, Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
| | - Eduardo R Honda
- Instituto de Pesquisa em Patologias Tropicais de Rondônia, IPEPATRO e Laboratório Central, LACEN, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo G Stábeli
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Proteínas e Compostos Bioativos da Amazônia Ocidental, LABIOPROT, Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde, CEBio, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Fiocruz Rondônia e Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil; Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Plataforma Bi-institucional de Medicina Translacional, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diógenes S Santos
- Centro de Pesquisa em Biologia Molecular e Funcional, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Andreimar M Soares
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Proteínas e Compostos Bioativos da Amazônia Ocidental, LABIOPROT, Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde, CEBio, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Fiocruz Rondônia e Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil; Centro Universitário São Lucas, UniSL, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Epidemiologia da Amazônia Ocidental, INCT-EpiAmO, Brazil.
| | - Luiz H Pereira da Silva
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Proteínas e Compostos Bioativos da Amazônia Ocidental, LABIOPROT, Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde, CEBio, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Fiocruz Rondônia e Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
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