1
|
Li Y, Li Y, Jin S, Li S, Chen K, Bao F. Molecular design of energetic tetrazine-triazole derivatives. J Mol Model 2021; 27:98. [PMID: 33641021 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-021-04714-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen-rich compounds are promising candidates for preparing high energetic density materials (HEDMs) and show the potential in the application of propellants, explosives, and pyrotechnics. Two kinds of typical nitrogen-rich compounds, such as tetrazine and triazole, have attracted the attentions in recent years owing to their high densities, good thermal stabilities, and excellent energetic performances. In this work, four series of innovative energetic compounds based on the conjugates of tetrazine and triazole bearing various substituents (-NH2, -NO2, and -NHNO2) were designed. The optimized structures, crystal densities, heats of formation (HOFs) in gas phase and in condensed phase, detonation properties, bond dissociation energies (BDEs), and impact sensitivity (h50) of these compounds were studied systematically via density functional theory (DFT) method. The detonation velocities of four series of compounds are in the range between 7.03 and 8.59 km s-1 and their detonation pressures are in the range between 20.6 and 33.1 GPa. Results indicated that the linkage of -N=N- bond contributed significantly to HOFs and energy density of the energetic molecules, and 1,2,3-triazole showed better performances than 1,2,4-triazole slightly. As for the same series compounds with different substituents, the compounds with -NHNO2 possessed the highest HOFs (such as A6, B6, C6, D6). In terms of the energetic properties (D and P), four compounds (A7, B7, C7, and D7) exhibited the comparable performance with the widely used hexa-hydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) and in the meanwhile displayed superior thermal stability and sensitivity to RDX, which indicated their potential application in the insensitive energetic materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yanyue Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shaohua Jin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shengfu Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Kun Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Fang Bao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Duan B, Liu N, Lu X, Mo H, Zhang Q, Liu Y, Wang B. Screening for energetic compounds based on 1,3-dinitrohexahydropyrimidine skeleton and 5-various explosopheres: molecular design and computational study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18292. [PMID: 33106564 PMCID: PMC7589465 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75281-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, twelve 1,3-dinitrohexahydropyrimidine-based energetic compounds were designed by introducing various explosopheres into hexahydropyrimidine skeleton. Their geometric and electronic structures, heats of formation (HOFs), energetic performance, thermal stability and impact sensitivity were discussed. It is found that the incorporation of electron-withdrawing groups (-NO2, -NHNO2, -N3, -CH(NO2)2, -CF(NO2)2, -C(NO2)3) improves HOFs of the derivatives and all the substituents contribute to enhancing the densities and detonation properties (D, P) of the title compounds. Therein, the substitution of -C(NO2)3 features the best energetic performance with detonation velocity of 9.40 km s-1 and detonation pressure of 40.20 GPa. An analysis of the bond dissociation energies suggests that N-NO2 bond may be the initial site in the thermal decompositions for most of the derivatives. Besides, -ONO2 and -NF2 derivatives stand out with lower impact sensitivity. Characters with striking detonation properties (D = 8.62 km s-1, P = 35.08 GPa; D = 8.81 km s-1, P = 34.88 GPa), good thermal stability, and acceptable impact sensitivity (characteristic height H50 over 34 cm) lead novel compounds 5,5-difluoramine-1,3-dinitrohexahydropyrimidine (K) and 5-fluoro-1,3,5-trinitrohexahydropyrimidine (L) to be very promising energetic materials. This work provides the theoretical molecular design and a reasonable synthetic route of L for further experimental synthesis and testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binghui Duan
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, 710065, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Liu
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, 710065, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an, 710065, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xianming Lu
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, 710065, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an, 710065, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongchang Mo
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, 710065, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, 710065, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingzhe Liu
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, 710065, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an, 710065, People's Republic of China
| | - Bozhou Wang
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, 710065, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an, 710065, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jeong K, Sung I, Joo HU, Kwon T, Yuk JM, Kwon Y, Kim H. Molecular design of nitro-oxide-substituted cycloalkane derivatives for high-energy-density materials. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
4
|
Zhang X, Gong X. A computational study on new oxidizers as replacements for ammonium perchlorate: tetranitroacetimidic acid and tetranitroacetamide. CAN J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2016-0468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
High energetic materials tetranitroacetimidic acid (TNAA) and tetranitroacetamide (NTNAA) with positive oxygen balance (OB = 30%) are highly potential replacements for ammonium perchlorate (AP). Tautomerization from TNAA to NTNAA is feasible, reflected by the activation energy of 160.2∼170.0 kJ/mol. No transition state appears on the C–NO2 bond breaking, which triggers pyrolysis of two compounds. The C–NO2 bond dissociation energies are 116.1∼167.2 kJ/mol and 120.4∼174.6 kJ/mol for TNAA and NTNAA, respectively. The chemical stabilities of TNAA and NTNAA are higher than that of the insensitive explosive 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene. TNAA and NTNAA possess lower impact sensitivities (h50 ≥ 77.51 cm) than AP does. Detonation properties of the composite explosives containing TNAA or NTNAA are comparable with that of the composite explosives containing AP. The acceptable stabilities, highly positive OB, environmentally friendly decomposition products, and the comparable ability to improve detonation performance of composite explosives show that TNAA and NTNAA are potential replacements for AP as an oxidizer used in composite explosives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Zhang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 451191, P.R. China
| | - Xuedong Gong
- Department of Chemistry, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Al Abdel Hamid AAG, Kanan S, Tahat ZA. DFT analysis of substituent effects on electron-donating efficacy of pyridine. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-014-1783-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
6
|
Li YX, Chen SS, Ren FD. Theoretical insights into the structures and mechanical properties of HMX/NQ cocrystal explosives and their complexes, and the influence of molecular ratios on their bonding energies. J Mol Model 2015; 21:245. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-015-2790-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
7
|
Chen PY, Zhang L, Zhu SG, Cheng GB. Intermolecular interactions, thermodynamic properties, crystal structure, and detonation performance of CL-20/TEX cocrystal explosive. CAN J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2014-0433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory calculation was performed to investigate the intermolecular interactions, thermodynamic properties, crystal structure, and detonation performance of CL-20 (2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane)/TEX (4,10-dinitro-2,6,8,12-tetraoxa-4,10-diaza-tetracyclododecane) cocrystal explosive. The results of natural bond orbital (NBO) and atoms in molecules analysis show that unconventional CH···O type hydrogen bonds and dispersion force are the main driving forces for the cocrystal formation. Monte Carlo simulation was employed to predict the crystal structure of the CL-20/TEX cocrystal. The cocrystal is most likely to crystallize in a monoclinic system (space group C2/C), with cell parameters a = 40.62 Å, b = 7.35 Å, c = 41.36 Å, and β = 157.38°. Based on crystal density, chemical energy, and heat of formations, detonation performance was calculated using Kamlet–Jacobs formulas. Detonation velocity and pressure of the CL-20/TEX cocrystal are higher than those of TEX but a litter lower than those of CL-20. Bond dissociation energy analysis shows that the cocrystal is thermal stable and meets the requirement of high energy density materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Yuan Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shun-Guan Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guang-Bin Cheng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
A simple, fast and convenient new method for predicting the stability of nitro compounds. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2015; 29:471-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s10822-015-9837-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
9
|
|
10
|
Theoretical studies on the stability, detonation performance and possibility of synthesis of the nitro derivatives of epoxyethane. J Mol Model 2014; 20:2327. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-014-2327-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
11
|
Wu Q, Yang C, Pan Y, Xiang F, Liu Z, Zhu W, Xiao H. First-principles study of the structural transformation, electronic structure, and optical properties of crystalline 2,6-diamino-3,5-dinitropyrazine-1-oxide under high pressure. J Mol Model 2013; 19:5159-70. [PMID: 24105300 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-013-1995-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Periodic first-principles calculations have been performed to study the effect of high pressure on the geometric, electronic, and absorption properties of 2,6-diamino-3,5-dinitropyrazine-1-oxide (LLM-105) under hydrostatic pressures of 0-50 GPa. Obvious irregular changes in lattice constants, unit-cell angles, bond lengths, bond angles, and band gaps showed that crystalline LLM-105 undergoes four structural transformations at 8, 17, 25, and 42 GPa, respectively. The intramolecular H-bonds were strong at pressures of 0-41 GPa but weakened in the range 42-50 GPa. The lengths of the intermolecular H-bonds (<1.47 Å) indicated that these H-bonds have covalent character and tend to induce the formation of a new twelve-membered ring. Analysis of the DOS showed that the interactions between electrons, especially the valence electrons, strengthen under the influence of pressure. The p states play a very important role in chemical reactions of LLM-105. The absorption spectrum of LLM-105 displayed more bands--as well as stronger bands--in the fundamental absorption region when the pressure was high rather than low. A new absorption peak due to O-H stretching appeared at 18.3 eV above 40 GPa, indicating that covalent O-H bonds and a new twelve-membered ring are present in LLM-105.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- Institute for Computation in Molecular and Materials Science and Department of Chemistry, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lin H, Zhu SG, Li HZ, Peng XH. Structure and detonation performance of a novel HMX/LLM-105 cocrystal explosive. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- He Lin
- School of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University of Science and Technology; Nanjing 210094 Jiangsu China
| | - Shun-Guan Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University of Science and Technology; Nanjing 210094 Jiangsu China
| | - Hong-Zhen Li
- Institute of Chemical Materials; Chinese Academic of Engineering Physics; Mianyang 621900 Sichuan China
| | - Xin-Hua Peng
- School of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University of Science and Technology; Nanjing 210094 Jiangsu China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
DFT studies on 7-nitrotetrazolo [1,5]furazano[4,5-b]pyridine 1-oxide: crystal structure, detonation properties, sensitivity and effect of hydrostatic compression. Struct Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-013-0279-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
14
|
Lin H, Chen PY, Zhu SG, Zhang L, Peng XH, Li K, Li HZ. Theoretical studies on the thermodynamic properties, densities, detonation properties, and pyrolysis mechanisms of trinitromethyl-substituted aminotetrazole compounds. J Mol Model 2013; 19:2413-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-013-1783-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|