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Salih SAM, Basheer HA, de Julián-Ortiz JV, Mohammad-Salim HA. Unveiling the Stereoselectivity and Regioselectivity of the [3+2] Cycloaddition Reaction between N-methyl-C-4-methylphenyl-nitrone and 2-Propynamide from a MEDT Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24109102. [PMID: 37240445 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
[3+2] cycloaddition reactions play a crucial role in synthesizing complex organic molecules and have significant applications in drug discovery and materials science. In this study, the [3+2] cycloaddition (32CA) reactions of N-methyl-C-4-methyl phenyl-nitrone 1 and 2-propynamide 2, which have not been extensively studied before, were investigated using molecular electron density theory (MEDT) at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory. According to an electron localization function (ELF) study, N-methyl-C-4-methyl phenyl-nitrone 1 is a zwitterionic species with no pseudoradical or carbenoid centers. Conceptual density functional theory (CDFT) indices were used to predict the global electronic flux from the strong nucleophilic N-methyl-C-4-methyl phenylnitrone 1 to the electrophilic 2-propynamide 2 functions. The 32CA reactions proceeded through two pairs of stereo- and regioisomeric reaction pathways to generate four different products: 3, 4, 5, and 6. The reaction pathways were irreversible owing to their exothermic characters: -136.48, -130.08, -130.99, and -140.81 kJ mol-1, respectively. The enthalpy of the 32CA reaction leading to the formation of cycloadduct 6 was lower compared with the other path owing to a slight increase in its polar character, observed through the global electron density transfer (GEDT) during the transition states and along the reaction path. A bonding evolution theory (BET) analysis showed that these 32CA reactions proceed through the coupling of pseudoradical centers, and the formation of new C-C and C-O covalent bonds did not begin in the transition states.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Huda A Basheer
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Zakho, Duhok 42001, Iraq
| | - Jesus Vicente de Julián-Ortiz
- Molecular Topology and Drug Design Research Unit, Department of Physical Chemistry, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Valencia, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Haydar A Mohammad-Salim
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Zakho, Duhok 42001, Iraq
- Molecular Topology and Drug Design Research Unit, Department of Physical Chemistry, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Valencia, 46100 Valencia, Spain
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Kula K, Łapczuk A, Sadowski M, Kras J, Zawadzińska K, Demchuk OM, Gaurav GK, Wróblewska A, Jasiński R. On the Question of the Formation of Nitro-Functionalized 2,4-Pyrazole Analogs on the Basis of Nitrylimine Molecular Systems and 3,3,3-Trichloro-1-Nitroprop-1-Ene. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238409. [PMID: 36500503 PMCID: PMC9739753 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Experimental and theoretical studies on the reaction between (E)-3,3,3-trichloro-1-nitroprop-1-ene and N-(4-bromophenyl)-C-arylnitrylimine were performed. It was found that the title process unexpectedly led to 1-(4-bromophenyl)-3-phenyl-5-nitropyrazole instead of the expected Δ2-pyrazoline molecular system. This was the result of a unique CHCl3 elimination process. The observed mechanism of transformation was explained in the framework of the molecular electron density theory (MEDT). The theoretical results showed that both of the possible channels of [3 + 2] cycloaddition were favorable from a kinetic point of view, due to which the creation of 1-(4-bromophenyl)-3-aryl-4-tricholomethyl-5-nitro-Δ2-pyrazoline was more probable. On the other hand, according to the experimental data, the presented reactions occurred with full regioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kula
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Krakow, Poland
- Correspondence: (K.K.); (A.Ł.); (R.J.)
| | - Agnieszka Łapczuk
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Krakow, Poland
- Correspondence: (K.K.); (A.Ł.); (R.J.)
| | - Mikołaj Sadowski
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jowita Kras
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Krakow, Poland
| | - Karolina Zawadzińska
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Krakow, Poland
| | - Oleg M. Demchuk
- Faculty of Medicine, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynow 1J, 20-708 Lublin, Poland
| | - Gajendra Kumar Gaurav
- Sustainable Process Integration Laboratory—SPIL, NETME Centre, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology—VUT Brno, Technická 2896/2, 616-69 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Aneta Wróblewska
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Radomir Jasiński
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Krakow, Poland
- Correspondence: (K.K.); (A.Ł.); (R.J.)
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Kącka-Zych A, Jasiński R. Mechanistic aspects of the synthesis of seven-membered internal nitronates via stepwise [4 + 3] cycloaddition involving conjugated nitroalkenes: Molecular Electron Density Theory computational study. J Comput Chem 2022; 43:1221-1228. [PMID: 35535613 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The density functional theory computational study indicates the possibility of the synthesis of seven-membered internal nitronates via cycloaddition reactions involving Z-C-aryl-N-methylnitrones and E-2-aryl-1-cyano-1-nitroethenes. The detailed exploration of the reaction paths indicates a polar, stepwise reaction mechanism through the zwitterionic intermediate. Using bonding evolution theory (BET), we have deciphered the molecular mechanism of the [4 + 3] cycloaddition reaction between E-2-phenyl-1-cyano-1-nitroethene and Z-C-phenyl-N-methylnitrone. The BET study has revealed that the formation of two CO single bonds takes place in the same way, through the depopulation of NC and CC bonding regions and monosynaptic basins, respectively. The first O1C7 single bond was formed in the sixth phase, while the second C3O4 bond was formed in the last ninth phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kącka-Zych
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Cracow, Poland
| | - Radomir Jasiński
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Cracow, Poland
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Mlostoń G, Kula K, Jasiński R. A DFT Study on the Molecular Mechanism of Additions of Electrophilic and Nucleophilic Carbenes to Non-Enolizable Cycloaliphatic Thioketones. Molecules 2021; 26:5562. [PMID: 34577032 PMCID: PMC8466156 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms of addition of dihalocarbenes and dimethoxycarbene to thioketones derived from 2,2,4,4-tetrmethylcyclobutane-1,3-dione were examined on the basis of the DFT wb97xd/6-311g(d,p)(PCM) calculations. Obtained results demonstrated that the examined processes exhibit polar nature and in the case of electrophilic dichloro-, and dibromocarbenes are initiated by the attack of carbene species onto the sulfur atom of the C=S group. Remarkably, reactions involving more electrophilic carbenes (dichloro-, and dibromocarbene) proceeds via stepwise mechanism involving thiocarbonyl ylide as a transient intermediate. In contrast, analogous reactions with nucleophilic dimethoxycarbene occur via a single step reaction, which can be considered as the [2 + 1] cycloaddition reaction initiated by the attack onto the C=S bond. A computational study showed that difluorocarbene tends to react as a nucleophilic species and resembles rather dimethoxycarbene and not typical dihalocarbene species. Significantly higher reactivity of the thioketone unit in comparison to the ketone group, both present in 3-thioxo-2,2,4,4-tetramthylcyclobutanone molecule, was rationalized in the light of DFT computational study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Mlostoń
- Department of Organic and Applied Chemistry, University of Łódź, Tamka 12, PL-91-403 Łódź, Poland
| | - Karolina Kula
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, PL-31-155 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Radomir Jasiński
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, PL-31-155 Krakow, Poland;
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A molecular electron density theory study of the [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of nitronic ester with methyl acrylate. Theor Chem Acc 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-021-02789-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Acharjee N, Mohammad‐Salim HA, Chakraborty M, Rao MP, Ganesh M. Unveiling the high regioselectivity and stereoselectivity within the synthesis of spirooxindolenitropyrrolidine: A molecular electron density theory perspective. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mrinmoy Chakraborty
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Dr. B. C. Roy Engineering College Durgapur India
| | - Madhuri P. Rao
- Department of Chemistry B.M.S College of Engineering Bengaluru India
| | - Madhu Ganesh
- Department of Chemistry B.M.S College of Engineering Bengaluru India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Hyderabad India
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Insights into the mechanism and regioselectivity of the [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions of cyclic nitrone to nitrile functions with a molecular electron density theory perspective. Theor Chem Acc 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-020-02703-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Abbiche K, Acharjee N, Salah M, Hilali M, Laknifli A, Komiha N, Marakchi K. Unveiling the mechanism and selectivity of [3+2] cycloaddition reactions of benzonitrile oxide to ethyl trans-cinnamate, ethyl crotonate and trans-2-penten-1-ol through DFT analysis. J Mol Model 2020; 26:279. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-020-04547-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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