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Srivastava AK, Srivastava S, Kumar V, Ghosh S, Yadav S, Malik R, Roy P, Prasad R. Identification and mechanistic exploration of structural and conformational dynamics of NF-kB inhibitors: rationale insights from in silico and in vitro studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:1485-1505. [PMID: 37054525 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2200490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Increased expression of target genes that code for proinflammatory chemical mediators results from a series of intracellular cascades triggered by activation of dysregulated NF-κB signaling pathway. Dysfunctional NF-kB signaling amplifies and perpetuates autoimmune responses in inflammatory diseases, including psoriasis. This study aimed to identify therapeutically relevant NF-kB inhibitors and elucidate the mechanistic aspects behind NF-kB inhibition. After virtual screening and molecular docking, five hit NF-kB inhibitors opted, and their therapeutic efficacy was examined using cell-based assays in TNF-α stimulated human keratinocyte cells. To investigate the conformational changes of target protein and inhibitor-protein interaction mechanisms, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, binding free energy calculations together with principal component (PC) analysis, dynamics cross-correlation matrix analysis (DCCM), free energy landscape (FEL) analysis and quantum mechanical calculations were carried out. Among identified NF-kB inhibitors, myricetin and hesperidin significantly scavenged intracellular ROS and inhibited NF-kB activation. Analysis of the MD simulation trajectories of ligand-protein complexes revealed that myricetin and hesperidin formed energetically stabilized complexes with the target protein and were able to lock NF-kB in a closed conformation. Myricetin and hesperidin binding to the target protein significantly impacted conformational changes and internal dynamics of amino acid residues in protein domains. Tyr57, Glu60, Lys144 and Asp239 residues majorly contributed to locking the NF-kB in a closed conformation. The combinatorial approach employing in silico tools integrated with cell-based approaches substantiated the binding mechanism and NF-kB active site inhibition by the lead molecule myricetin, which can be explored as a viable antipsoriatic drug candidate associated with dysregulated NF-kB.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Shubham Srivastava
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Viney Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Souvik Ghosh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Siddharth Yadav
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Ruchi Malik
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Partha Roy
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ramasare Prasad
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
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2
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Hassan NH, El-Hawary SS, Emam M, Safwat NA, Rabeh MA, Abdelmohsen UR, Selim NM. Nephthea sp. inhibits biofilm, DNA gyrase, HSP90, and DHFR: in vitro, in silico, and pharmacokinetics studies. Nat Prod Res 2023; 37:3896-3901. [PMID: 36519250 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2156998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This study attempts to identify and assess a novel marine-derived antibiofilm agent. The antibacterial activity of n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and butanol fractions from the crude extract of soft coral Nephthea sp. was evaluated against six microorganisms.Ethyl acetate fraction considered the most effective one against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Candida, investigated potential biofilm inhibition against the tested strains. Seventeen secondary metabolites were identified using (UPLC-Q/TOF-MS) responsible for these biological activities of the active fraction. Additionally, a molecular docking study showed free binding energy of -7.5 kcal/mol; Azamial A had the highest binding affinity for the DNA gyrase enzyme, while Sinularectin had -8.3 and -7.6 kcal/mol for the DHFR and HSP90 enzymes, respectively. Moreover, pharmacokinetics and (ADME) studies for Azamial A and Sinularectin were performed. Finally, results were confirmed by the in vitro enzymatic inhibitory effect of ethyl acetate fraction suggested in the in-silico study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevine H Hassan
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Seham S El-Hawary
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Emam
- Phytochemistry and Plant Systematics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nesreen A Safwat
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Rabeh
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, New Minia, Egypt
| | - Nabil M Selim
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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3
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Evstigneeva SS, Chumakov DS, Tumskiy RS, Khlebtsov BN, Khlebtsov NG. Detection and imaging of bacterial biofilms with glutathione-stabilized gold nanoclusters. Talanta 2023; 264:124773. [PMID: 37320983 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms colonize chronic wounds and surfaces of medical devices, thus making the development of reliable methods for imaging and detection of biofilms crucial. Although fluorescent identification of bacteria is sensitive and non-destructive, the lack of biofilm-specific fluorescent dyes limits the application of this technique to biofilm detection. Here, we demonstrate, for the first time, that fluorescent glutathione-stabilized gold nanoclusters (GSH-AuNCs) without targeting ligands can specifically interact with extracellular matrix components of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial biofilms resulting in fluorescent staining of bacterial biofilms. By contrast, fluorescent bovine serum albumin-stabilized gold nanoclusters and 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid - stabilized gold nanoclusters do not stain the extracellular matrix of biofilms. According to molecular docking studies, GSH-AuNCs show affinity to several targets in extracellular matrix, including amyloid-anchoring proteins, matrix proteins and polysaccharides. Some experimental evidence was obtained for the interaction of GSH-AuNCs with the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) that was isolated from the matrix of Azospirillum baldaniorum biofilms. Based on GSH-AuNCs properties, we propose a new fluorescent method for the measurement of biofilm biomass with a limit of detection 1.7 × 105 CFU/mL. The sensitivity of the method is 10-fold higher than the standard biofilm quantification with the crystal violet assay. There is a good linear relationship between the fluorescence intensity from the biofilms and the number of CFU from the biofilms in the range from 2.6 × 105 to 6.7 × 107 CFU/mL. The developed nanocluster-mediated method of biofilm staining was successfully applied for quantitative detection of biofilm formation on urinary catheter surface. The presented data suggest that fluorescent GSH-AuNCs can be used to diagnose medical device-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Evstigneeva
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Saratov Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IBPPM RAS), 410049 13 Prospekt Entuziastov, Saratov, 410049, Russia.
| | - D S Chumakov
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Saratov Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IBPPM RAS), 410049 13 Prospekt Entuziastov, Saratov, 410049, Russia
| | - R S Tumskiy
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Saratov Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IBPPM RAS), 410049 13 Prospekt Entuziastov, Saratov, 410049, Russia
| | - B N Khlebtsov
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Saratov Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IBPPM RAS), 410049 13 Prospekt Entuziastov, Saratov, 410049, Russia; Institute of Physics, Saratov State University, 410012, Saratov, Russia
| | - N G Khlebtsov
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Saratov Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IBPPM RAS), 410049 13 Prospekt Entuziastov, Saratov, 410049, Russia; Institute of Physics, Saratov State University, 410012, Saratov, Russia
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4
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Roske Y, Lindemann F, Diehl A, Cremer N, Higman VA, Schlegel B, Leidert M, Driller K, Turgay K, Schmieder P, Heinemann U, Oschkinat H. TapA acts as specific chaperone in TasA filament formation by strand complementation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2217070120. [PMID: 37068239 PMCID: PMC10151520 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2217070120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Studying mechanisms of bacterial biofilm generation is of vital importance to understanding bacterial cell-cell communication, multicellular cohabitation principles, and the higher resilience of microorganisms in a biofilm against antibiotics. Biofilms of the nonpathogenic, gram-positive soil bacterium Bacillus subtilis serve as a model system with biotechnological potential toward plant protection. Its major extracellular matrix protein components are TasA and TapA. The nature of TasA filaments has been of debate, and several forms, amyloidic and non-Thioflavin T-stainable have been observed. Here, we present the three-dimensional structure of TapA and uncover the mechanism of TapA-supported growth of nonamyloidic TasA filaments. By analytical ultracentrifugation and NMR, we demonstrate TapA-dependent acceleration of filament formation from solutions of folded TasA. Solid-state NMR revealed intercalation of the N-terminal TasA peptide segment into subsequent protomers to form a filament composed of β-sandwich subunits. The secondary structure around the intercalated N-terminal strand β0 is conserved between filamentous TasA and the Fim and Pap proteins, which form bacterial type I pili, demonstrating such construction principles in a gram-positive organism. Analogous to the chaperones of the chaperone-usher pathway, the role of TapA is in donating its N terminus to serve for TasA folding into an Ig domain-similar filament structure by donor-strand complementation. According to NMR and since the V-set Ig fold of TapA is already complete, its participation within a filament beyond initiation is unlikely. Intriguingly, the most conserved residues in TasA-like proteins (camelysines) of Bacillaceae are located within the protomer interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvette Roske
- Structural Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Lindemann
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, 13125Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Diehl
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, 13125Berlin, Germany
| | - Nils Cremer
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, 13125Berlin, Germany
| | - Victoria A. Higman
- Department for Molecular and Cell Biology, Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, LeicesterLE1 7HB, United Kingdom
| | - Brigitte Schlegel
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, 13125Berlin, Germany
| | - Martina Leidert
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, 13125Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristina Driller
- Max Planck Unit for the Science of Pathogens, 10117Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Microbiology, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30419Hannover, Germany
| | - Kürşad Turgay
- Max Planck Unit for the Science of Pathogens, 10117Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Microbiology, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30419Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Schmieder
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, 13125Berlin, Germany
| | - Udo Heinemann
- Structural Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195Berlin, Germany
| | - Hartmut Oschkinat
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, 13125Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195Berlin, Germany
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5
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Bremer E, Calteau A, Danchin A, Harwood C, Helmann JD, Médigue C, Palsson BO, Sekowska A, Vallenet D, Zuniga A, Zuniga C. A model industrial workhorse:
Bacillus subtilis
strain 168 and its genome after a quarter of a century. Microb Biotechnol 2023; 16:1203-1231. [PMID: 37002859 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The vast majority of genomic sequences are automatically annotated using various software programs. The accuracy of these annotations depends heavily on the very few manual annotation efforts that combine verified experimental data with genomic sequences from model organisms. Here, we summarize the updated functional annotation of Bacillus subtilis strain 168, a quarter century after its genome sequence was first made public. Since the last such effort 5 years ago, 1168 genetic functions have been updated, allowing the construction of a new metabolic model of this organism of environmental and industrial interest. The emphasis in this review is on new metabolic insights, the role of metals in metabolism and macromolecule biosynthesis, functions involved in biofilm formation, features controlling cell growth, and finally, protein agents that allow class discrimination, thus allowing maintenance management, and accuracy of all cell processes. New 'genomic objects' and an extensive updated literature review have been included for the sequence, now available at the International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration (INSDC: AccNum AL009126.4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Erhard Bremer
- Department of Biology, Laboratory for Microbiology and Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO) Philipps‐University Marburg Marburg Germany
| | - Alexandra Calteau
- LABGeM, Génomique Métabolique, CEA, Genoscope, Institut de Biologie François Jacob Université d'Évry, Université Paris‐Saclay, CNRS Évry France
| | - Antoine Danchin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li KaShing Faculty of Medicine Hong Kong University Pokfulam SAR Hong Kong China
| | - Colin Harwood
- Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Biosciences Institute Newcastle University Baddiley Clark Building Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - John D. Helmann
- Department of Microbiology Cornell University Ithaca New York USA
| | - Claudine Médigue
- LABGeM, Génomique Métabolique, CEA, Genoscope, Institut de Biologie François Jacob Université d'Évry, Université Paris‐Saclay, CNRS Évry France
| | - Bernhard O. Palsson
- Department of Bioengineering University of California San Diego La Jolla USA
| | | | - David Vallenet
- LABGeM, Génomique Métabolique, CEA, Genoscope, Institut de Biologie François Jacob Université d'Évry, Université Paris‐Saclay, CNRS Évry France
| | - Abril Zuniga
- Department of Biology San Diego State University San Diego California USA
| | - Cristal Zuniga
- Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics Graduate Program San Diego State University San Diego California USA
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6
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Kantiwal U, Pandey J. Efficient Inhibition of Bacterial Biofilm Through Interference of Protein-Protein Interaction of Master Regulator Proteins: a Proof of Concept Study with SinR- SinI Complex of Bacillus subtilis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:1947-1967. [PMID: 36401726 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04231-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Biofilm-associated microbial growth is a major cause of environmental, industrial, and public health concern. Therefore, there is a pressing need to discover and develop efficient antibiofilm strategies. Regulatory proteins vital for biofilm formation might be ideal targets for developing novel antibiofilm therapeutics. Their activities often depend on protein-protein interactions. Therefore, such targets present unique opportunities and challenges to drug discovery. In Bacillus subtilis, a model organism for studying biofilms, SinR acts as the master regulator of the biofilm formation cascade. Under favourable growth conditions, it represses the epsA-O and tapA-sipW-tasA operons, which encode for essential structural components of biofilms. Under unfavourable growth conditions, SinI, an agonist protein, inactivates SinR by forming a heterotrimeric complex. This results in derepression of epsA-O and tapA-sipW-tasA operons and leads to the phenotypic switch from planktonic to biofilm-associated form. We hypothesized that inhibiting SinR-SinI interaction might warrant repression of epsA-O and tapA-sipW-tasA operons and inhibit biofilm formation. To evaluate this hypothesis, we carried out a drug repurposing study for identifying potential inhibitors of SinI. Cefoperazone and itraconazole were identified as potential inhibitors with virtual screening. The stability of their interaction with SinI was assessed in extended MD performed over 100 ns. Both cefoperazone and itraconazole showed stable interaction. In in vitro studies, cefoperazone hindered the interaction of purified recombinant SinI and SinR. In the whole cell-based biofilm inhibition assays also cefoperazone was found to efficiently inhibited biofilm formation. These results provide proof of concept for targeting protein-protein interaction of master regulators as potential target for discovery and development of antibiofilm therapeutics. We propose that similar drug repurposing studies targeting key regulators of biofilm formation cascade could be an efficient approach for discovering novel anti-biofilm therapeutics against priority pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usha Kantiwal
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, NH-8, Kishangarh, Ajmer, 305817, Rajasthan, India
| | - Janmejay Pandey
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, NH-8, Kishangarh, Ajmer, 305817, Rajasthan, India.
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7
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Tiwari NP, Pandey JP, Pandey DM. Protein-protein docking and molecular dynamics studies of sericin and cocoonase of silkworm: an insight for cocoon softening. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:1193-1205. [PMID: 34939532 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.2017352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cocoonase is known to digest the sericin protein that encapsulates the silkworm cocoon's fibroin protein. Silk fibroin and sericin are two types of proteins that make up silk, and accounts for around 20-30% of the overall cocoon weight. The aim of the study was to see the protein-protein interaction (PPI) and molecular dynamic study of sericin, cocoonase and protein-protein docked complex of silkworm by computational approaches. Here motif analysis, phylogenetic analysis, principal component analysis, root-mean-square deviation (RMSD), root mean square fluctuation, radius of gyration, structural and functional study of cocoonase and sericin as well as molecular docking study were carried out. The 33 amino acid residues of cocoonase shows interaction with 38 aa residues of sericin involving 4 disulphide bonds, 22 hydrogen bonds and 319 non-bonded contacts. The confirmational stability and flexibility of both the proteins as well as protein-protein complex were achieved at 70 ns of MD simulation study. RMSD-based data indicated that cocoonase is more stable than sericin and complex, and complex has a greater fluctuation with more compact (higher Rg) value than cocoonase and sericin, inferring higher conformational stability and flexibility of protein-protein complex than cocoonase and sericin. This study provides a new dimension for PPI study by computational approaches.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dev Mani Pandey
- Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
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Verma N, Srivastava S, Malik R, Goyal P, Pandey J. Inhibition and disintegration of Bacillus subtilis biofilm with small molecule inhibitors identified through virtual screening for targeting TasA (28-261), the major protein component of ECM. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 41:2431-2447. [PMID: 35098894 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2033135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Microbial biofilms have been recognized for a vital role in antibiotic resistance and chronic microbial infections for 2-3 decades; still, there are no 'anti-biofilm drugs' available for human applications. There is an urgent need to develop novel 'anti-biofilms' therapeutics to manage biofilm-associated infectious diseases. Several reports have suggested that targeting molecules involved in quorum sensing or biofilm-specific transcription may inhibit biofilm formation. However, the possibility of targeting other vital components of microbial biofilms, especially the extracellular matrix (ECM) components, has remained largely unexplored. Here we report targeting TasA(28-261), the major proteinaceous component of Bacillus subtilis ECM with two small molecule inhibitors (lovastatin and simvastatin) identified through virtual screening and drug repurposing, resulted in complete inhibition of biofilm. In molecular docking and dynamics simulation studies, lovastatin was observed to make stable interactions with TasA(28-261), whereas the simvastatin - TasA(28-261) interactions were relatively less stable. However, in subsequent in vitro studies, both lovastatin and simvastatin successfully inhibited B. subtilis biofilm formation at MIC values of < 10 µg/ml. Besides, these potential inhibitors also caused the disintegration of pre-formed biofilms. Results presented here provide 'proof of concept' for the hypothesis that targeting the extracellular matrix's vital component(s) could be one of the most efficient approaches for inhibiting microbial biofilms and disintegrating the pre-formed biofilms. We propose that a similar approach targeting ECM-associated proteins with FDA-approved drugs could be implemented to develop novel anti-biofilm therapeutic strategies against biofilm-forming chronic microbial pathogens.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Verma
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shubham Srivastava
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Central University fo Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ruchi Malik
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Central University fo Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Pankaj Goyal
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Janmejay Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
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9
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Multifunctional Amyloids in the Biology of Gram-Positive Bacteria. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8122020. [PMID: 33348645 PMCID: PMC7766987 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8122020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Since they were discovered, amyloids have proven to be versatile proteins able to participate in a variety of cellular functions across all kingdoms of life. This multitask trait seems to reside in their ability to coexist as monomers, aggregates or fibrillar entities, with morphological and biochemical peculiarities. It is precisely this common molecular behaviour that allows amyloids to cross react with one another, triggering heterologous aggregation. In bacteria, many of these functional amyloids are devoted to the assembly of biofilms by organizing the matrix scaffold that keeps cells together. However, consistent with their notion of multifunctional proteins, functional amyloids participate in other biological roles within the same organisms, and emerging unprecedented functions are being discovered. In this review, we focus on functional amyloids reported in gram-positive bacteria, which are diverse in their assembly mechanisms and remarkably specific in their biological functions that they perform. Finally, we consider cross-seeding between functional amyloids as an emerging theme in interspecies interactions that contributes to the diversification of bacterial biology.
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