Life-threatening bleeding after tooth extraction due to vascular malformation: a case report and literature review

Uncontrolled bleeding during tooth extraction from an undiagnosed arteriovenous malformation

Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are rare congenital disorders of vascular morphogenesis. These lesions are characterised by high vascular flow with risk of severe bleeding from accidental trauma or surgical manipulation. Although infrequent, potentially life-threatening and fatal oral bleeding has been reported during extraction of tooth associated with AVM. This paper presents a case of uncontrolled bleeding in an adult female patient undergoing mandibular anterior tooth extraction. The bleeding was related to undiagnosed soft tissue AVM in gingivobuccal space. Management of the case with review of previously reported similar cases is presented.

Assessment of routine diet (garlic consumption) as a pre- and postoperative protocol in oral and maxillofacial surgical interventions: An evidence-based literature review

BACKGROUND

It was hypothesized that pathological bleeding (PB) during and/or after oral surgical procedures is higher in systemically healthy patients who have a history of garlic intake compared to controls (patients without a history of garlic consumption).

AIM

The aim of the present review article was to identify studies in which garlic consumption was included as a patient management protocol before and after oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS).

METHODS

A review of pertinent indexed literature was performed. The focused question that was addressed was "Has diet (garlic consumption) been considered as a patient management protocol before and after OMFS?" The inclusion criteria were: (a) studies published in indexed databases, (b) original studies, (c) studies on OMFS, and (d) studies that considered diet (garlic consumption) as a patient management protocol before and after OMFS. Literature review, commentaries, letters to the editor, and studies published in non-indexed resources were excluded. The pattern of the present review was customized to summarize the pertinent information.

RESULTS

The initial search using the terms "oral," maxillofacial," "protocol," and "surgery" yielded 1478 studies. The addition of the term "diet" to this search strategy reduced the number of studies to five. Further filtration of these studies using the terms "garlic" and/or "Allium sativum" showed no studies.

CONCLUSIONS

Garlic intake predisposes patients to PB. However, there are no studies in the indexed literature that have considered the inclusion of garlic consumption in patient management protocols before and after OMFS.