1
|
Binmadi NO, Mohamed YA. Impact of worst pattern of invasion on prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Int Med Res 2023; 51:3000605231206260. [PMID: 37871621 PMCID: PMC10594968 DOI: 10.1177/03000605231206260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The relationship between the worst pattern of invasion (WPOI) and the prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains controversial. This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to determine the impact of the WPOI on the prognosis of OSCC. METHODS Studies from six databases were assessed for quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and data were analyzed using Stata software. RESULTS Eighteen studies involving 3954 patients showed that patients with a WPOI of 4 to 5 had significantly worse overall survival, disease-specific survival, and disease-free survival than patients with a WPOI of 1 to 3. Significant associations of the WPOI with locoregional recurrence and mortality were found. CONCLUSION A higher WPOI was significantly associated with a worse prognosis of OSCC across various outcomes. Incorporating the WPOI into standard histopathological assessments may guide personalized treatments and improve outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nada O. Binmadi
- Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Dentistry, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yassmin A. Mohamed
- Oral Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Khartoum
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Identification of Biological Functions and Prognostic Value of NNMT in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12101487. [PMID: 36291696 PMCID: PMC9599733 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) is a metabolic enzyme that catalyzes the methylation of nicotinamide (NAM) to generate 1-methyl nicotinamide (MNAM). Although previous studies have shown that NNMT is frequently dysregulated to promote the onset and progression of many malignancies, its expression profile, prognostic value and function in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are still unknown. METHODS We used untargeted metabolomics based on mass spectrometry to analyze potential metabolite differences between tumors and matched adjacent normal tissues in 40 OSCC patients. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to analyze the NNMT expression profile in OSCC, and the diagnostic and prognostic values of NNMT were evaluated. Next, qPCR and Western blot were used to compare the expression of NNMT in five OSCC cell lines. Stable transfected cell lines were constructed, and functional experiments were carried out to elucidate the effects of NNMT on the proliferation and migration of OSCC cells. Finally, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data to investigate the potential functional mechanisms of NNMT in OSCC. RESULTS We found that the nicotinamide metabolic pathway was abnormally activated in OSCC tumor tissues compared with normal tissues. NNMT was expressed ubiquitously in tumor cells (TCs) and fibroblast-like cells (FLCs) but was absent in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). OSCC patients with highly expressed NNMT in TCs had higher risk of lymph node metastasis and showed a worse pattern of invasion (POI). Moreover, patients with highly expressed NNMT were also susceptible to postoperative recurrence. Highly expressed NNMT can independently predict shorter disease-free survival and recurrence-free survival. Functionally, we demonstrated that the ectopic expression of NNMT promoted OSCC tumor cell proliferation and migration in vitro. Conversely, silencing exerted significantly opposite effects in vitro. In addition, GSEA showed that highly expressed NNMT was mainly enriched in the epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) pathway, which displayed a significant positive correlation with the six classic EMT markers. CONCLUSIONS Our study uncovered that NNMT may be a critical regulator of EMT in OSCC and may serve as a prognostic biomarker for OSCC patients. These findings might provide novel insights for future research in NNMT-targeted OSCC metastasis and recurrence therapy.
Collapse
|
3
|
Evaluation of Expression Of ADAM 10 as a Predictor of Lymph Node Metastasis in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma-An Immunohistochemical Study. Head Neck Pathol 2022; 16:1055-1062. [PMID: 35771404 PMCID: PMC9729510 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-022-01466-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymph node metastasis (LNM) is a well-known prognostic factor in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma(OSCC). A biological marker that predicts the Lymph Node Metastasis (LNM) in OSCC cases is the need of the hour. A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinases (ADAMs), a family of proteins that exhibit a metalloproteinase domain play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of tumor growth and metastasis. This study aims to evaluate whether ADAM 10 can be used as a predictor of lymph node metastasis in OSCC using immunohistochemistry. METHOD A total of 90 samples that were categorized into 3 groups were included in the present study. Group I consisted of 30 samples of the normal oral mucosa, and Group II consisted of 30 samples of OSCC without lymph node metastasis. Group III consisted of 30 samples of OSCC with lymph node metastasis. Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma was used as external positive control. Immunohistochemical expression of ADAM10 in their corresponding stained sections was assessed and staining intensity was calculated. RESULTS ADAM10 immunoreactivity was considered positive when located in cytoplasm or membrane or both. This method is similar to that used by Bamane et al. for OSCC cases. The mean value of the Staining Index score "AxB" was highest in Group III (7.90), followed by Group II (3.13) and least in Group I (0.27). These values were statistically significant. CONCLUSION Considering the findings of a higher percentage of ADAM10 positive cells, higher staining intensity, and higher staining index, the overexpression of ADAM10 can be used as an independent marker for OSCC patients to predict the lymph node metastasis.
Collapse
|
4
|
Pu Y, Ding L, Wang Y, Wang Y, Chen S, Huang X, He Z, Ni Y, Hu Q. Biopsy pattern of invasion type to determine the surgical approach in early-stage oral squamous cell carcinoma. Virchows Arch 2021; 479:109-119. [PMID: 33438091 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-020-03008-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Depth of invasion (DOI) and pattern of invasion (POI) indicate tumor invasiveness of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, preoperative DOI evaluation is challenging, and the correlations between DOI and POI are unknown. We aimed to assess DOI and worst pattern of invasion (WPOI) in early-stage OSCC, and evaluate the preoperative predictive ability of biopsy pattern of invasion (BPOI) for WPOI and DOI. This retrospective study included n = 444 OSCC patients with pT1-2N0M0. The prognostic value of DOI, WPOI, and BPOI and the predictive prognostic option for WPOI and DOI by BPOI were assessed. WPOI (1-3 vs 4-5), but not BPOI, predicted the lowest survival rate and highest DOI. To evaluate the difference between WPOI and BPOI, we conducted a POI type-matching analysis of patients with BPOI1-4 and WPOI1-5. Based on each WPOI type, the false-prediction rates (FPR) of BPOI types 1 (n = 23), 2 (n = 89), 3 (n = 252), and 4 (n = 80) were 52.17%, 52.81%, 36.90%, and 0%, respectively. BPOI4 perfectly predict WPOI 4-5. As the false-predicted BPOI 1-2 was almost WPOI2-3 (79.7%), regardless of the existed FPR, patients with BPOI1-2 have longer survival and lower DOI than those with BPOI 4. However, this phenomenon was not observed in BPOI3, because all false-predicted BPOI3 were WPOI4-5 with a high DOI. We provide an alternative predictive prognostic option for WPOI and DOI by evaluating BPOI during OSCC surgical planning, with the recommendation of conservative treatment in patients with BPOI 1-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Pu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Central Laboratory, Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Liang Ding
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Central Laboratory, Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yujia Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Central Laboratory, Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Central Laboratory, Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Central Laboratory, Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xiaofeng Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Central Laboratory, Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Zhifeng He
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Central Laboratory, Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yanhong Ni
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Central Laboratory, Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008, China. .,Central Laboratory, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qingang Hu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Central Laboratory, Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Are Ski and SnoN Involved in the Tumorigenesis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Through Smad4? Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2019; 27:626-630. [DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
6
|
Lu Z, Ding L, Ding H, Hao F, Pu Y, Wang Y, Chen S, Yang Y, Zhao X, Huang X, Zhang L, Wang Z, Hu Q, Ni Y. Tumor cell-derived TGF-β at tumor center independently predicts recurrence and poor survival in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med 2019; 48:696-704. [PMID: 31141218 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) exerts its versatile function (oncogenic or tumor suppressive role) during the carcinogenesis in tumor microenvironment-dependent manner. Considering the tumor heterogeneity, spatial and temporal distribution of TGF-β in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remained to be elucidated. METHODS Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections derived from 73 patients with OSCC were immunostained, revealing expression patterns of TGF-β, both at the regions of tumor center (TC) and invasive tumor front (ITF). RESULTS The TGF-β levels on tumor cells, fibroblast-like cells (FLCs), and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were comparable and showed to be cell-type-independent manner. Although TC regions harbored less positive staining of TGF-β than ITF in tumor cells (TGF-βTumor cell ) (89.0% vs 98.3%; P = 0.037), FLCs (TGF-βFLC ) (86.3% vs 96.6%; P = 0.043), and TILs (TGF-βTIL ) (83.6% vs 94.8%; P = 0.044), respectively, TGF-β at TC regions, not at ITF, correlated to poor clinical outcomes. At TC regions, patients with high TGF-βTumor cell had high recurrence rate, and patients with high TGF-βTIL showed inferior worst pattern of invasion. Of note, high TGF-βTumor cell at TC predicted shorter overall survival time, recurrence-free survival, and disease-free survival in patients with OSCC, whereas high TGF-βTIL had no association with survival time. Cox regression analyses indicated that tumor cell-derived TGF-β at TC was an independent risk factor for survival outcome in patients with OSCC. CONCLUSIONS Tumor cell-derived TGF-β at TC regions, but not at ITF, could be a promising predictor for disease recurrence and poor prognosis of patients with OSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanyi Lu
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Ding
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haoyue Ding
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengyao Hao
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yumei Pu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yujia Wang
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingxing Zhao
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingang Hu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanhong Ni
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
de Morais EF, Santos HBDP, Cavalcante IL, Rabenhorst SHB, Dos Santos JN, Galvão HC, Freitas RDA. Twist and E-cadherin deregulation might predict poor prognosis in lower lip squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2018; 127:318-329. [PMID: 30598410 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of Twist and E-cadherin in lower lip squamous cell carcinoma (LLSCC) and their association with clinicopathologic parameters. STUDY DESIGN Fifty-nine cases of LLSCC were analyzed by applying immunohistochemistry techniques in a semiquantitative manner. The systems proposed by Bryne etal., Brandwein-Gensler etal., and Almangush etal. were applied for analysis of the histopathologic malignancy grading system. RESULTS Higher E-cadherin expression (general and membrane) was observed in cases presenting with disease-free survival after 5years of follow-up (P < .05). Higher Twist expression was observed in lesions classified as being in advanced stages, displaying recurrence, and having a high degree of malignancy. A significant negative correlation was detected between cytoplasmic Twist expression and membrane E-cadherin expression (P = .028). A statistically significant relationship was detected between high total Twist expression in tumors classified as high risk by Brandwein-Gensler etal., and no significant difference was observed among total, membrane, and cytoplasmic E-cadherin expressions in LLSCC cases and the 3 applied grading systems (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study suggest the potential involvement of Twist and E-cadherin in the modulation of events related to worse prognoses in LLSCC cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Everton Freitas de Morais
- PhD Student, Postgraduate Program in Oral Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Hellen Bandeira de Pontes Santos
- PhD Student, Postgraduate Program in Oral Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Israel Leal Cavalcante
- PhD Student, Postgraduate Program in Oral Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Silvia Helena Barem Rabenhorst
- Professor, Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Jean Nunes Dos Santos
- Professor, Postgraduate Program in Oral Pathology, Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Hébel Cavalcanti Galvão
- Professor, Postgraduate Program in Oral Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Roseana de Almeida Freitas
- Professor, Postgraduate Program in Oral Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Etemad-Moghadam S, Alaeddini M. Pattern of invasion in squamous cell carcinomas of the lower lip and oral cavity. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2017; 7:167-170. [PMID: 29123994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A number of factors may be responsible for the differences in the biologic behaviors of oral and lower lip squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). Immunohistochemical invasion profiles have been used to detect invasion patterns like epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) and collective-cell-invasion (CCI), which have not been investigated in lower lip neoplasms. The aim of the present study was to compare the invasive phenotypes of SCCs of the lower lip and oral cavity. Method A total of 44 OSCCs and 37 lower lip SCCs were immunostained with E-Cadherin, N-Cadherin, and podoplanin. Based on their expression patterns, tumors were allocated to EMT, CCI or non-EMT/non-CCI categories. Results None of the oral SCCs showed EMT; while 5 lower lip SCCs demonstrated this phenotype. CCI was observed in 12 oral SCCs and 4 lower lip SCCs. The third group included 32 and 28 cases of oral and lower lip tumors, respectively. A significant difference in invasive phenotype was found between the two locations (P = 0.009). Conclusion Oral cavity and lip tumors differ in various aspects and according to our results; the pattern of invasion may be added to these features. Between the two major invasion patterns, EMT was more prevalent in lip tumors while CCI was observed more commonly in oral neoplasms. The significance of the different expression patterns of the non-EMT/non-CCI category requires further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahroo Etemad-Moghadam
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojgan Alaeddini
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|