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Abdel-Hady EE, Hafez SHM, Mohamed HFM, Elsharkawy MRM. Characterization and application of LDH with chitosan composites investigated by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy and surface texture for the adsorption of methyl orange. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16501. [PMID: 39019938 PMCID: PMC11255248 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65889-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
With a rapid increase in industrial growth around the world, the demand for an entirely novel category of nanoparticles and technologies for wastewater treatment has become a key concern for environmental protection. Recently, hybrids of layered double hydroxides (LDH), particularly those containing LDH, have gained attention as potential nanoscale adsorbents for water treatment. Recent research has shown that LDH-containing composites are interesting versatile materials with the ability to be used in energy storage, photocatalysis, nanocomposites, and water treatment. In the current work, LDH-containing composites were utilized as adsorbents for the purpose of purifying water. The adsorbents investigated are Zn-Co-Fe/LDH/Chitosan-in situ sample preparation (LDH/CS1) and Zn-Co-Fe/LDH/Chitosan-ex situ sample preparation (LDH/CS2). Furthermore, LDH/CS1 and LDH/CS2 were investigated for wastewater treatment from methyl orange dye (MO) with various adsorption conditions. When the initial MO concentration was 20 mg/L and the amount of adsorbent was 0.1 g, the removal efficiency reached 72.8 and 91.7% for LDH/CS1 and LDH/CS2, respectively. The MO's maximum adsorption capabilities are 160.78 and 165.89 mg/g for LDH/CS1 and LDH/CS2, respectively, which is much greater than that of comparable commercial adsorbents. MO adsorption onto LDH/CS1 and LDH/CS2 was best characterized by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The equilibrium adsorption data was followed by the Freundlich and Langmuir models. The adsorption is favorable as evidenced by the equilibrium parameter RL values for MO adsorption onto LDH/CS1 and LDH/CS2, which were 0.227 and 0.144, respectively. Using the free volume distribution method and the positron annihilation lifetime technique, the nanostructure of the materials was examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E Abdel-Hady
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, P.O. Box 61519, Minia, Egypt
| | - Sarah H M Hafez
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, P.O. Box 61519, Minia, Egypt
- Physics Department, Higher Institute of Engineering Automotive Technology and Energy in New Heliopolis, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hamdy F M Mohamed
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, P.O. Box 61519, Minia, Egypt
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2
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Zeng L, Lu X, Yuan C, Yuan W, Chen K, Guo J, Zhang X, Wang J, Liao Q, Wei Z. Self-Enhancement of Perfluorinated Sulfonic Acid Proton Exchange Membrane with Its Own Nanofibers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2305711. [PMID: 38342600 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
High-performance proton exchange membrane (PEM) is crucial for the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Herein, a novel "self-enhanced" PEM is fabricated for the first time, which is composed of perfluorinated sulfonic acid (PFSA) resin and its own nanofibers as reinforcement. With this strategy, the interfacial compatibility issue of conventional fiber-reinforced membranes is fully addressed and up to 80 wt% loading of PFSA nanofibers can be incorporated. Furthermore, on account of chain orientation within the PFSA nanofiber, single fiber exhibits super-high conductivity of 1.45 S cm-1, leading to state-of-the-art proton conductivity (1.1 S cm-1) of the as-prepared "self-enhanced" PEM so far, which is an order of magnitude increase compared with the bulk PFSA membrane (0.29 S cm-1). It surpasses any commercial PEM including the popular GORE-SELECT and Nafion HP membranes and is the only PEM with conductivity at 100 S cm-1 level. In addition, the mechanical strength and swelling ratio of membranes are both substantially improved simultaneously. Based on the high-performance "self-enhanced" PEM, high peak power densities of up to 3.6 W cm-2 and 1.7 W cm-2 are achieved in H2-O2 and H2-Air fuel cells, respectively. This strategy can be applied in any polymeric electrolyte membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingping Zeng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Caili Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Wei Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Ke Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Jingying Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxi Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Jianchuan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Liao
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Zidong Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
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Khalaf M, Saeed AM, Ali AI, Kamoun EA, Fahmy A. Polyelectrolyte membranes based on phosphorylated-PVA/cellulose acetate for direct methanol fuel cell applications: synthesis, instrumental characterization, and performance testing. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13011. [PMID: 37563208 PMCID: PMC10415303 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40035-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Designing and synthesis of cost-effective and improved methanol permeable and proton conductive membranes are the main challenges for preparation of polymeric electrolyte membrane (PEM). Herein, a cost-effective PEM membrane based on phosphorylated polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-grafted-cellulose acetate (CA) was prepared by a solution-casting technique. Water and methanol uptakes of phosphorylated PVA/CA membranes were characterized as function with the molar ratio of CA. Additionally, structure and morphology of phosphorylated PVA/CA (Ph-PVA/CA) membranes were verified by FT-IR analysis, SEM investigation. Furthermore, ion exchange capacity (IEC), proton conductivity and methanol permeation of Ph-PVA/CA membranes were examined based on the concentration of OPA basically. The results manifested a perceptible improvement in proton conductivity from 0.035 to 0.05 S/cm at 25 and 70 °C, respectively using 600 μL of OPA, and IEC of 2.1 meq/g using 400 μL of OPA at ambient temperature. On the other hand, methanol permeability (P = 1.08 × 10-10 cm2/s) was lower than Nafion 117 admirably. The optimum OPA concentration was 200 μL according to conductivity measurements (at 10% PVA, 150 μL GA, and CA 7%). Finally, prepared Ph-PVA/CA membranes exhibited enhancement in critical natures such as proton conductivity and IEC combined with its low-cost materials, which make them excellent candidate as PEM for DMFCs application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Khalaf
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Saeed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed I Ali
- Basic Science Department, Faculty of Technology and Education, Helwan University, Saray-El Qoupa, El Sawah Street, Cairo, 11281, Egypt
| | - Elbadawy A Kamoun
- Polymeric Materials Research Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg Al-Arab, 21934, Alexandria, Egypt
- Nanotechnology Research Center (NTRC), The British University in Egypt (BUE), El-Sherouk City, Cairo, 11837, Egypt
| | - Alaa Fahmy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Chen QG, Lee MT. Anion Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cells Based on Quaternized Polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-polystyrene Triblock Copolymers with Spacer-Sidechain Design. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14142860. [PMID: 35890636 PMCID: PMC9317406 DOI: 10.3390/polym14142860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This work studied the polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-polystyrene (SEBS) triblock copolymers functionalized by butyl quaternary ammonium (C4Q) groups and alkyl side chains of different chain lengths (Cn, n = 0 to 24). The hydrated membrane morphology was modeled by dissipative particle dynamics simulation at hydration levels from 10 to 30. A hydroxide model was devised to characterize the diffusivity of anions under the coarse-grained framework. In general, the ionomers with alkyl side chains provided ion conductivity of a similar level at a lower ion exchange capacity. All hydrated SEBS–C4Q–Cn ionomers showed clear phase separation of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic domains, featuring 18.6 mS/cm to 36.8 mS/cm ion conductivity. The hydrophilic channels expanded as the water content increased, forming more effective ion conductive pathways. Introducing excess alkyl side chains enhanced the nano-segregation, leading to more ordered structures and longer correlation lengths of the aqueous phase. The membrane morphology was controlled by the length of alkyl side-chains as well as their tethering positions. Ionomers with functionalized side chains tethered on the same block resulted in well-connective water networks and higher conductivities. The detailed structural analysis provides synthesis guidelines to fabricate anion exchange membranes with improved performances.
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Awad S, Abdel‐Hady EE, Mohamed HFM, Elsharkawy YS, Gomaa MM. Evaluation of transport mechanism and nanostructure of nonperfluorinated
PVA
/
sPTA
proton exchange membrane for fuel cell application. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Somia Awad
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science Minia University Minia Egypt
- Physics Department, Al‐Qunfudah University College Umm Al‐Qura University Mecca Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Mahmoud M. Gomaa
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science Minia University Minia Egypt
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Simons P, Schenk SA, Gysel MA, Olbrich LF, Rupp JLM. A Ceramic-Electrolyte Glucose Fuel Cell for Implantable Electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2109075. [PMID: 35384081 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202109075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Next-generation implantable devices such as sensors, drug-delivery systems, and electroceuticals require efficient, reliable, and highly miniaturized power sources. Existing power sources such as the Li-I2 pacemaker battery exhibit limited scale-down potential without sacrificing capacity, and therefore, alternatives are needed to power miniaturized implants. This work shows that ceramic electrolytes can be used in potentially implantable glucose fuel cells with unprecedented miniaturization. Specifically, a ceramic glucose fuel cell-based on the proton-conducting electrolyte ceria-that is composed of a freestanding membrane of thickness below 400 nm and fully integrated into silicon for easy integration into bioelectronics is demonstrated. In contrast to polymeric membranes, all materials used are highly temperature stable, making thermal sterilization for implantation trivial. A peak power density of 43 µW cm-2 , and an unusually high statistical verification of successful fabrication and electrochemical function across 150 devices for open-circuit voltage and 12 devices for power density, enabled by a specifically designed testing apparatus and protocol, is demonstrated. The findings demonstrate that ceramic-based micro-glucose-fuel-cells constitute the smallest potentially implantable power sources to date and are viable options to power the next generation of highly miniaturized implantable medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Simons
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Steven A Schenk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, EPFL, Station 9, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Marco A Gysel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, Leonhardstrasse 21, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Lorenz F Olbrich
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1-5, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer L M Rupp
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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Elsharkawy MRM, Mohamed HFM, Hassanien MHM, Gomaa MM. Humidity effect on the transport properties of per‐fluorinated sulfonic acid/
PTFE
proton exchange membranes: Positron annihilation study. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hamdy F. M. Mohamed
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science Minia University Minia Egypt
- Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT) of the Arab Republic of Egypt Cairo Egypt
| | - Mohamed H. M. Hassanien
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science Minia University Minia Egypt
- Basic Science Department, Faculty of Engineering Nahda University New Beni Suef Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M. Gomaa
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science Minia University Minia Egypt
- Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT) of the Arab Republic of Egypt Cairo Egypt
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8
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The electric field effect on the nanostructure, transport, mechanical, and thermal properties of polymer electrolyte membrane. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02563-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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9
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Kludský M, Dendisová M, Hrdlička Z, Jeništová A, Hovorka Š, Vopička O. Nafion modified with simple bases and amino acid derivatives: Survey of physical properties and search for effective pervaporation membranes. POLYM ENG SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Kludský
- Department of Physical Chemistry University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague Prague Czechia
| | - Marcela Dendisová
- Department of Physical Chemistry University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague Prague Czechia
| | - Zdeněk Hrdlička
- Department of Polymers University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague Prague Czechia
| | - Adéla Jeništová
- Department of Physical Chemistry University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague Prague Czechia
| | - Štěpán Hovorka
- Department of Physical Chemistry University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague Prague Czechia
| | - Ondřej Vopička
- Department of Physical Chemistry University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague Prague Czechia
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Hmamm MFM, Zedan IT, Mohamed HFM, Hanafy TA, Bekheet AE. Study of the nanostructure of free volume and ionic conductivity of polyvinyl alcohol doped with
NaI. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. F. M. Hmamm
- Renewable Energy Science & Engineering Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Science Beni‐Suef University Beni‐Suef Egypt
| | - I. T. Zedan
- Renewable Energy Science & Engineering Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Science Beni‐Suef University Beni‐Suef Egypt
| | - Hamdy F. M. Mohamed
- Renewable Energy Science & Engineering Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Science Beni‐Suef University Beni‐Suef Egypt
- Physics Department Faculty of Science, Minia University Minia Egypt
| | - T. A. Hanafy
- Physics Department Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk Tabuk Saudi Arabia
- Physics Department Faculty of Science, Fayoum University Fayoum Egypt
| | - A. E. Bekheet
- Physics Department Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt
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11
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Impact of ultraviolet radiation on the performance of polymer electrolyte membrane. J Solid State Electrochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-020-04611-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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12
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Improved properties of sulfonated octaphenyl polyhedral silsequioxane cross-link with highly sulfonated polyphenylsulfone as proton exchange membrane. J Solid State Electrochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-020-04594-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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