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E Y, Zhang X, Ma H, Dong F. Long Non-coding RNA Prader Willi/Angelman Region RNA 6 Suppresses Glioma Development by Modulating MicroRNA-106a-5p. Biochem Genet 2024; 62:1365-1378. [PMID: 37610693 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10479-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most frequent intracranial tumors, glioma showed invasive development and poor prognosis. lncRNAs have been illustrated to serve as biomarkers in various cancers. Whether the long non-coding RNA Prader Willi/Angelman region RNA 6 (PWAR6) was involved in glioma development and the underlying mechanism was investigated. PWAR6 in glioma was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction and its clinical significance was assessed with a series of statistical analyses. The biological function of PWAR6 was investigated with the cell counting kit 8 and Transwell assay. The potential underlying mechanism was studied with the luciferase reporter assay. The significant downregulation of PWAR6 was observed in glioma, which showed a close relationship with the major clinicopathological features and poor prognosis of patients. PWAR6 restrained cell growth, migration and invasion of glioma, which was alleviated by the overexpression of microRNA-106a-5p (miR-106a-5p). PWAR6 functioned as a prognostic biomarker and tumor suppressor of glioma through regulating miR-106a-5p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun E
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, No. 2, Section 5, Renmin Street, Guta District, Jinzhou, 121000, Liaoning, China
| | - Xianglin Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, No. 2, Section 5, Renmin Street, Guta District, Jinzhou, 121000, Liaoning, China.
| | - Heji Ma
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, No. 2, Section 5, Renmin Street, Guta District, Jinzhou, 121000, Liaoning, China
| | - Furen Dong
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, No. 2, Section 5, Renmin Street, Guta District, Jinzhou, 121000, Liaoning, China
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2
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Martin HL, Turner AL, Higgins J, Tang AA, Tiede C, Taylor T, Siripanthong S, Adams TL, Manfield IW, Bell SM, Morrison EE, Bond J, Trinh CH, Hurst CD, Knowles MA, Bayliss RW, Tomlinson DC. Affimer-mediated locking of p21-activated kinase 5 in an intermediate activation state results in kinase inhibition. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113184. [PMID: 37776520 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Kinases are important therapeutic targets, and their inhibitors are classified according to their mechanism of action, which range from blocking ATP binding to covalent inhibition. Here, a mechanism of inhibition is highlighted by capturing p21-activated kinase 5 (PAK5) in an intermediate state of activation using an Affimer reagent that binds in the P+1 pocket. PAK5 was identified from a non-hypothesis-driven high-content imaging RNAi screen in urothelial cancer cells. Silencing of PAK5 resulted in reduced cell number, G1/S arrest, and enlargement of cells, suggesting it to be important in urothelial cancer cell line survival and proliferation. Affimer reagents were isolated to identify mechanisms of inhibition. The Affimer PAK5-Af17 recapitulated the phenotype seen with siRNA. Co-crystallization revealed that PAK5-Af17 bound in the P+1 pocket of PAK5, locking the kinase into a partial activation state. This mechanism of inhibition indicates that another class of kinase inhibitors is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Martin
- BioScreening Technology Group, Leeds Institutes of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Amy L Turner
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Julie Higgins
- BioScreening Technology Group, Leeds Institutes of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Anna A Tang
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Christian Tiede
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Thomas Taylor
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Sitthinon Siripanthong
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Thomas L Adams
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Iain W Manfield
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Sandra M Bell
- BioScreening Technology Group, Leeds Institutes of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Ewan E Morrison
- BioScreening Technology Group, Leeds Institutes of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Jacquelyn Bond
- BioScreening Technology Group, Leeds Institutes of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Chi H Trinh
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Carolyn D Hurst
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Margaret A Knowles
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Richard W Bayliss
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Darren C Tomlinson
- BioScreening Technology Group, Leeds Institutes of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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3
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Liu X, Pan YJ, Kang MJ, Jiang X, Guo ZY, Pei DS. PAK5 potentiates slug transactivation of N-cadherin to facilitate metastasis of renal cell carcinoma. Cell Signal 2023; 110:110803. [PMID: 37437827 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is an aggravating cancer with a poor prognosis and a high rate of metastasis. PAK5, a p21-activated kinases, has shown to be overexpressed in a variety of cancers, including RCC. In previous studies, we discovered that PAK5 regulates cell migration and invasion in RCC cell lines. However, the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. In this study, we consolidated that PAK5 confers a pro-metastatic phenotype RCC cells in vitro and exacerbates metastasis in vivo. High PAK5 expression was associated with an advanced TNM stage and a lower overall survival. Furthermore, PAK5 increases the expression level of N-cadherin. In terms of mechanism, PAK5 bound to Slug and phosphorylated it at serine 87. As a result, phosphorylated Slug transactivated N-cadherin, accelerating the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Collectively, Slug is a novel PAK5 substrate, and PAK5-mediated phosphorylation of Slug-S87 increases N-cadherin and the pro-metastatic phenotype of RCC, implying that phosphorylated Slug-S87 could be a therapeutic target in progressive RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Liu
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Yao-Jie Pan
- Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Meng-Jie Kang
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Zhong-Ying Guo
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Huai'an NO.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China.
| | - Dong-Sheng Pei
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China.
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4
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Zeng H, Tong F, Bin Y, Peng L, Gao X, Xia X, Yi X, Dong X. The Predictive Value of PAK7 Mutation for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Therapy in Non-Small Cell Cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:834142. [PMID: 35242138 PMCID: PMC8886445 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.834142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To date, immunotherapy has improved the 5-year survival rate of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) from 4% to 15%. However, only 30%-50% of the NSCLC patients respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) immunotherapy. Therefore, screening patients for potential benefit with precise biomarkers may be of great value. Methods First, an immunotherapy NSCLC cohort was analyzed to identify the gene mutations associated with the prognosis of ICI treatment. Further analyses were conducted using NSCLC cohort in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project to validate the correlations between the specific gene mutations and tumor immunogenicity, antitumor immunity, and alterations in the tumor-related pathways using Cell-type Identification By Estimating Relative Subsets Of RNA Transcripts (CIBERSORT) and Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Results In the immunotherapy NSCLC cohort (n = 266), significantly longer overall survival (OS) rates were observed in the PAK7-mutant type (PAK7-MT) group (n = 13) than the PAK7-wild type (PAK7-WT) group (n = 253) (P = 0.049, HR = 0.43, 95%CI = 0.23-0.79). In the TCGA cohort, PAK7 mutations were correlated with the higher tumor mutation burden (TMB) (14.18 vs. 7.13, P <0.001), increased neoantigen load (NAL) (7.52 vs. 4.30, P <0.001), lower copy number variation (CNV), and higher mutation rate in the DNA damage response (DDR)-related pathways. In addition, PAK7 mutations were also positively correlated with immune-related genes expressions and infiltrating CD8+ T cells (0.079 vs. 0.054, P = 0.005). GSEA results showed that several tumor-related pathways varied in the PAK7-MT group, suggesting the potential mechanisms that regulate the tumor immune-microenvironment. Conclusions This study suggested that the PAK7 mutations might be a potential biomarker to predict the efficacy of immunotherapy for NSCLC patients. Considering the heterogeneity among the patients and other confounding factors, a prospective clinical trial is proposed to further validate the impact of PAK7 mutation on the immunotherapy outcomes in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zeng
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Tong
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yawen Bin
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Peng
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Research and Development Department, GenePlus- Shenzhen Clinical Laboratory, ShenZhen, China
| | - Xuefeng Xia
- Research and Development Department, Geneplus-Beijing Clinical Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Yi
- Research and Development Department, Geneplus-Beijing Clinical Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaorong Dong
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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5
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Zhang X, Wang J, Wang Y, Liu G, Li H, Yu J, Wu R, Liang J, Yu R, Liu X. MELK Inhibition Effectively Suppresses Growth of Glioblastoma and Cancer Stem-Like Cells by Blocking AKT and FOXM1 Pathways. Front Oncol 2021; 10:608082. [PMID: 33520717 PMCID: PMC7842085 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.608082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a devastating disease yet no effective drug treatment has been established to date. Glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs) are insensitive to treatment and may be one of the reasons for the relapse of GBM. Maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase gene (MELK) plays an important role in the malignant proliferation and the maintenance of GSC stemness properties of GBM. However, the therapeutic effect of targeted inhibition of MELK on GBM remains unclear. This study analyzed the effect of a MELK oral inhibitor, OTSSP167, on GBM proliferation and the maintenance of GSC stemness. OTSSP167 significantly inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation, invasion, and migration of GBM. OTSSP167 treatment reduced the expression of cell cycle G2/M phase-related proteins, Cyclin B1 and Cdc2, while up-regulation the expression of p21 and subsequently induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. OTSSP167 effectively prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice and inhibited tumor cell growth in in vivo mouse models. It also reduced protein kinase B (AKT) phosphorylation levels by OTSSP167 treatment, thereby disrupting the proliferation and invasion of GBM cells. Furthermore, OTSSP167 inhibited the proliferation, neurosphere formation and self-renewal capacity of GSCs by reducing forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) phosphorylation and transcriptional activity. Interestingly, the inhibitory effect of OTSSP167 on the proliferation of GSCs was 4-fold more effective than GBM cells. In conclusion, MELK inhibition suppresses the growth of GBM and GSCs by double-blocking AKT and FOXM1 signals. Targeted inhibition of MELK may thus be potentially used as a novel treatment for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,The Graduate School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yifeng Wang
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Guanzheng Liu
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Huan Li
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jiefeng Yu
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Runqiu Wu
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Rutong Yu
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xuejiao Liu
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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6
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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Sang B, Zhu X, Yu R, Zhou X. Human giant larvae-1 promotes migration and invasion of malignant glioma cells by regulating N-cadherin. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:167. [PMID: 33552285 PMCID: PMC7798033 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human giant larvae-1 (Hugl-1) is a human homologue of Drosophila tumor suppressor lethal (2)-giant larvae and has been reported to be involved in the development of human malignancies. Previous studies performed by our group demonstrated that Hugl-1 inhibits glioma cell proliferation in an intracranial model of nude mice. However, the exact molecular mechanisms underlying the participation of Hugl-1 in glioma invasion and migration, and in the depolarizing process remain largely unknown. Utilizing the U251-MG cells with stable expression of Hugl-1, the present study used wound healing, Transwell invasion and western blot assays to explore the role and specific mechanism of Hugl-1 in glioma invasion and migration. The results of the present study demonstrated that overexpression of Hugl-1 decreased cell-cell adhesion and increased cell-cell extracellular matrix adhesion. In addition, overexpression of Hugl-1 promoted pseudopodia formation, glioma cell migration and invasion. The molecular mechanism of action involved the negative regulation of N-cadherin protein levels by Hugl-1. Overexpression or knockdown of N-cadherin partially suppressed or enhanced the effects of Hugl-1 on glioma cell migration and invasion, respectively. Furthermore, Hugl-1 inhibited cell proliferation, while promoting cell migration, which suggests that it may serve a two-sided biological role in cellular processes. Taken together, these results suggest that Hugl-1 promotes the migration and invasion of malignant glioma cells by decreasing N-cadherin expression. Thus, Hugl-1 may be applied in the development of targeted and personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China.,Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China.,Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Ben Sang
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Xianlong Zhu
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Rutong Yu
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Xiuping Zhou
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
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7
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Bao Z, Ji W, Yang Y, Chen Z, Li Z, Wang K, Lu T, Yu Y, Xia W, Lu S. PAK5 promotes the cell stemness ability by phosphorylating SOX2 in lung squamous cell carcinomas. Exp Cell Res 2020; 395:112187. [PMID: 32721391 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidences suggest that the overexpression of p21-activated kinase 5 (PAK5) plays an important role in various tumor progression. However, the role of PAK5 and its downstream target gene(s) in lung squamous cell carcinomas (LUSC) are waiting to be elucidated. TCGA data were utilized to evaluate the expression levels of PAK5 in LUSC. We then explored the role of PAK5 in maintaining the stem-like phenotype of lung squamous cancer cells through RT-PCR, flow cytometry, oncosphere-forming assay. In addition, co-immunoprecipitation, western blotting and immunofluorescence assays were used to determine SOX2 as a novel effector of PAK5. Xenograft models in nude mice were established to explore the roles of PAK5 in lung cancer growth. In this study, we have shown that PAK5 is overexpressed in LUSC tissues. The absence of PAK5 abolishes self-renewal ability of LUSC cells by decreasing the expression and phosphorylation of SOX2 in vitro and in vivo. In xenograft models, knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of PAK5 suppressed the tumor growth and metastasis of lung squamous cancer cells in vivo. Taken together, our findings suggest that the PAK5-mediated SOX2 phosphorylation promoted the cancer stem cell-like phenotype of LUSC cells. PAK5 inhibition may be a promising target in the treatment of SOX2 positive lung squamous cell cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinan Bao
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, West Huaihai Road 241, 20030, Shanghai, China; School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Huashan Road 1954, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenxiang Ji
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, West Huaihai Road 241, 20030, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, West Huaihai Road 241, 20030, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Huashan Road 1954, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziming Li
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, West Huaihai Road 241, 20030, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaixuan Wang
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, West Huaihai Road 241, 20030, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Lu
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, West Huaihai Road 241, 20030, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongfeng Yu
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, West Huaihai Road 241, 20030, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiliang Xia
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Huashan Road 1954, 200030, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shun Lu
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, West Huaihai Road 241, 20030, Shanghai, China.
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8
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Wang X, Liu S, Shao Z, Zhang P. Bioinformatic analysis of the potential molecular mechanism of PAK7 expression in glioblastoma. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:1362-1372. [PMID: 32626960 PMCID: PMC7339666 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the potential molecular mechanisms underlying p21 (RAC1)-activated kinase 7 (PAK7) expression in glioblastoma (GBM) and evaluate candidate prognosis biomarkers for GBM. Gene expression data from patients with GBM, including 144 tumor samples and 5 normal brain samples, were downloaded. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) were explored via re-annotation. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including differentially expressed mRNAs and differentially expressed lncRNAs, were investigated and subjected to pathway analysis via gene set enrichment analysis. The miRNA-lncRNA-mRNA interaction [competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA)] network was investigated and survival analysis, including of overall survival (OS), was performed on lncRNAs/mRNAs to reveal prognostic markers for GBM. A total of 954 upregulated and 1,234 downregulated DEGs were investigated between GBM samples and control samples. These DEGs, including PAK7, were mainly enriched in pathways such as axon guidance. ceRNA network analysis revealed several outstanding ceRNA relationships, including miR-185-5p-LINC00599-PAK7. Moreover, paraneoplastic antigen Ma family member 5 (PNMA5) and somatostatin receptor 1 (SSTR1) were the two outstanding prognostic genes associated with OS. PAK7 may participate in the tumorigenesis of GBM by regulating axon guidance, and miR-185-5p may play an important role in GBM progression by sponging LINC00599 to prevent interactions with PAK7. PNMA5 and SSTR1 may serve as novel prognostic markers for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Zhengkai Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Penghai Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, P.R. China
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9
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Yang Q, Zhao Y, Chen Y, Chang Y, Huang A, Xu T, Li G, Wu G. PAK6 promotes cervical cancer progression through activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:2387-2395. [PMID: 32782556 PMCID: PMC7400107 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
p21-activated kinase 6 (PAK6), a member of the serine/threonine kinase family, has been reported to be involved in numerous types of cancers. The present study aimed to investigate the role of PAK6 in cervical cancer. In the present study, PAK6 expression was evaluated in tissue microarrays and cell lines by using immunohistochemistry and western blotting. The mRNA level of PAK6 was evaluated by reverse transcription quantitative PCR. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling-related protein expression was detected by western blotting following short hairpin (sh)RNA-mediated PAK6 knockdown or PAK6 overexpression. Cell proliferation was determined using Cell Countink Kit-8. Migration, invasion and colony formation were further assessed following PAK6 knockdown or overexpression. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and fluorescence colocalization microscopy were used to detect the interaction between PAK6 and GSK3β. The results from tissue microarray revealed that the expression levels of PAK6 in cervical cancer tissues were upregulated. The downregulation of PAK6 expression levels using shRNA not only decreased cell growth and proliferation, but it also inhibited the migration and invasion of HeLa cells. Conversely, the overexpression of PAK6 promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of HeLa cells. In addition, the expression levels of proteins involved in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway were modified in the PAK6 knockdown group, including downregulation of GSK3β phosphorylation and Cyclin D1 protein, and upregulation of β-catenin phosphorylation and E-cadherin. In contrast, following the overexpression of PAK6, the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was activated. Further investigation using fluorescence microscopy and Co-IP assays indicated that PAK6 may interact with GSK3β. In conclusion, the findings of the present study suggested that PAK6 may serve a role in promoting cervical cancer through activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Yingchao Zhao
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Yeshan Chen
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Yu Chang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Ai Huang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Tie Xu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Guiling Li
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Gang Wu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
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10
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Liu G, Lu Y, Li L, Jiang T, Chu S, Hou P, Bai J, Chen M. The kinesin motor protein KIF4A as a potential therapeutic target in renal cell carcinoma. Invest New Drugs 2020; 38:1730-1742. [PMID: 32533288 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-020-00961-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Kinesin family member 4A (KIF4A) is located in the human chromosome band Xq13.1. It has a highly conserved kinesin motor region at its N-terminus, which is followed by a central coiled-coil region and a C-terminus cargo-binding domain that contains a cysteine-rich motif. It is aberrantly expressed in a variety of cancers. Our study aimed to determine the expression of KIF4A in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and to gain new insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms of this disease. Here, we found that KIF4A expression in RCC specimens increased relative to that in normal renal tissues. A significant correlation existed between the expression of KIF4A and the clinicopathologic features of RCC. Elevated KIF4A expression was associated with poor overall survival and disease-free survival. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that KIF4A was an independent prognostic factor for poor survival in human patients with RCC. CCK-8 proliferation assay, cell cycle analysis, and subcutaneous tumor formation analysis in nude mice consistently showed that KIF4A promoted RCC proliferation. Our findings also indicated that KIF4A functions as an accelerator of RCC metastasis as certified through transwell chamber analysis, wound healing assay, and angiogenesis assay. The expression levels of cyclin D1, cyclin E2, matrix metalloproteinase-2, matrix metalloproteinase-9, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, and vascular endothelial growth factor in the KIF4A knockdown group were lower than those in the control group and were consistent with those in classic oncogenic pathways. These findings implied that the expression of KIF4A was significantly related to the tumor incidence, metastasis, and prognosis of patients with RCC. Our work provides new breakthroughs for the diagnosis and treatment of RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihong Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, The second affiliated Hospital of Soohow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215004, China.,Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221002, China
| | - Yachun Lu
- Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221002, China.,Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, 84 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221002, China
| | - Liantao Li
- Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221002, China.,Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, 84 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221002, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221002, China.,Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, 84 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221002, China
| | - Sufang Chu
- Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221002, China.,Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, 84 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221002, China
| | - Pingfu Hou
- Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221002, China.,Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, 84 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221002, China
| | - Jin Bai
- Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221002, China. .,Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, 84 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221002, China.
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, The second affiliated Hospital of Soohow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215004, China.
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11
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Liu X, Yue C, Shi L, Liu G, Cao Q, Shan Q, Wang Y, Chen X, Li H, Wang J, Gao S, Niu M, Yu R. MALT1 is a potential therapeutic target in glioblastoma and plays a crucial role in EGFR-induced NF-κB activation. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:7550-7562. [PMID: 32452133 PMCID: PMC7339184 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant tumour in the adult brain and hard to treat. Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signalling has a crucial role in the tumorigenesis of GBM. EGFR signalling is an important driver of NF-κB activation in GBM; however, the correlation between EGFR and the NF-κB pathway remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of mucosa-associated lymphoma antigen 1 (MALT1) in glioma progression and evaluated the anti-tumour activity and effectiveness of MI-2, a MALT1 inhibitor in a pre-clinical GBM model. We identified a paracaspase MALT1 that is involved in EGFR-induced NF-kB activation in GBM. MALT1 deficiency or inhibition significantly affected the proliferation, survival, migration and invasion of GBM cells both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, MALT1 inhibition caused G1 cell cycle arrest by regulating multiple cell cycle-associated proteins. Mechanistically, MALTI inhibition blocks the degradation of IκBα and prevents the nuclear accumulation of the NF-κB p65 subunit in GBM cells. This study found that MALT1, a key signal transduction cascade, can mediate EGFR-induced NF-kB activation in GBM and may be potentially used as a novel therapeutic target for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Liu
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Chenglong Yue
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Surgical Deparment 9, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lin Shi
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Guanzheng Liu
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qiyu Cao
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Shan
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yifeng Wang
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiangyu Chen
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Huan Li
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Shangfeng Gao
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Mingshan Niu
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Rutong Yu
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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12
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Shan Q, Li S, Cao Q, Yue C, Niu M, Chen X, Shi L, Li H, Gao S, Liang J, Yu R, Liu X. Inhibition of chromosomal region maintenance 1 suppresses the migration and invasion of glioma cells via inactivation of the STAT3/MMP2 signaling pathway. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 24:193-201. [PMID: 32392910 PMCID: PMC7193913 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2020.24.3.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Chromosomal region maintenance 1 (CRM1) is associated with an adverse prognosis in glioma. We previously reported that CRM1 inhibition suppressed glioma cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we investigated the role of CRM1 in the migration and invasion of glioma cells. S109, a novel reversible selective inhibitor of CRM1, was used to treat Human glioma U87 and U251 cells. Cell migration and invasion were evaluated by wound-healing and transwell invasion assays. The results showed that S109 significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of U87 and U251 cells. However, mutation of Cys528 in CRM1 abolished the inhibitory activity of S109 in glioma cells. Furthermore, we found that S109 treatment decreased the expression level and activity of MMP2 and reduced the level of phosphorylated STAT3 but not total STAT3. Therefore, the inhibition of migration and invasion induced by S109 may be associated with the downregulation of MMP2 activity and expression, and inactivation of the STAT3 signaling pathway. These results support our previous conclusion that inhibition of CRM1 is an attractive strategy for the treatment of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Shan
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Shengsheng Li
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Qiyu Cao
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Chenglong Yue
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Mingshan Niu
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cell, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Xiangyu Chen
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Lin Shi
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Huan Li
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Shangfeng Gao
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Rutong Yu
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Xuejiao Liu
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
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13
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Liu X, Tu Y, Wang Y, Zhou D, Chong Y, Shi L, Liu G, Zhang X, Wu S, Li H, Gao S, Niu M, Yu R. Reversible inhibitor of CRM1 sensitizes glioblastoma cells to radiation by blocking the NF-κB signaling pathway. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:97. [PMID: 32256206 PMCID: PMC7106748 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01186-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κΒ) through DNA damage is one of the causes of tumor cell resistance to radiotherapy. Chromosome region 1 (CRM1) regulates tumor cell proliferation, drug resistance, and radiation resistance by regulating the nuclear-cytoplasmic translocation of important tumor suppressor proteins or proto-oncoproteins. A large number of studies have reported that inhibition of CRM1 suppresses the activation of NF-κΒ. Thus, we hypothesize that the reversible CRM1 inhibitor S109 may induce radiosensitivity in glioblastoma (GBM) by regulating the NF-κΒ signaling pathway. METHODS This study utilized the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU), and colony formation assay to evaluate the effect of S109 combined with radiotherapy on the proliferation and survival of GBM cells. The therapeutic efficacy of S109 combined with radiotherapy was evaluated in vivo to explore the therapeutic mechanism of S109-induced GBM radiosensitization. RESULTS We found that S109 combined with radiotherapy significantly inhibited GBM cell proliferation and colony formation. By regulating the levels of multiple cell cycle- and apoptosis-related proteins, the combination therapy induced G1 cell cycle arrest in GBM cells. In vivo studies showed that S109 combined with radiotherapy significantly inhibited the growth of intracranial GBM and prolonged survival. Importantly, we found that S109 combined with radiotherapy promoted the nuclear accumulation of IκΒα, and inhibited phosphorylation of p65 and the transcriptional activation of NF-κΒ. CONCLUSION Our findings provide a new therapeutic regimen for improving GBM radiosensitivity as well as a scientific basis for further clinical trials to evaluate this combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Liu
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Yiming Tu
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Yifeng Wang
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Di Zhou
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Yulong Chong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Suqian Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu China
| | - Lin Shi
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Guanzheng Liu
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Sijin Wu
- College of pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Huan Li
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Shangfeng Gao
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Mingshan Niu
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu China
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Rutong Yu
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu China
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14
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Li YK, Zou J, Ye DM, Zeng Y, Chen CY, Luo GF, Zeng X. Human p21-activated kinase 5 (PAK5) expression and potential mechanisms in relevant cancers: Basic and clinical perspectives for molecular cancer therapeutics. Life Sci 2019; 241:117113. [PMID: 31805288 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
An oncogenic role, p21-activated kinase 5 (PAK5), has proven as a significant mediator for many cellular progression, which is expressed highly in human organs such as lung, liver, kidney, blood vessels endothelial cells and inflammatory cells. PAK5 was primitively detected in the cerebrum and accelerated the filopodia formation in neurocytes. It can reverse the effect of Rho and adjust its activity to mediate maintenance and development of nerve axon by binding with Cdc42-GTP. Moreover, PAK5 has been suggested to mediate protean, multitudinous and inscrutable functions in cancer. Currently, many researches indicated that PAK5 was dysregulated in ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, melanoma, osteosarcoma, renal carcinoma, breast cancer, gastric cancer and so on, which was involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion. This review focuses the latest knowledge on the structure, expression, signalling pathway of PAK5, emphasizing its function in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Kun Li
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Juan Zou
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Dong-Mei Ye
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Ying Zeng
- School of Nursing, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Chang-Ye Chen
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 410011, PR China
| | - Gui-Fang Luo
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 410011, PR China.
| | - Xi Zeng
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China.
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15
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Wang W, Zhang L, Gao W, Zhang D, Zhao Z, Bao Y. miR‑489 promotes apoptosis and inhibits invasiveness of glioma cells by targeting PAK5/RAF1 signaling pathways. Oncol Rep 2019; 42:2390-2401. [PMID: 31638257 PMCID: PMC6859450 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma patients receiving therapy are at a high risk of relapse and rapid progression and, thus, more effective treatments are required. The aim of the present study was to determine the suppressive role of miR-489 as an alternative therapeutic target for preventing glioma progression. The results of the present study demonstrated that patients with relatively lower levels of expression of miR-489 had more favorable clinical outcomes. Furthermore, miR-489 expression was inversely correlated with p21-activated kinase 5 (PAK5) mRNA expression levels in glioma specimens. A dual luciferase reporter assay revealed that miR-489 suppressed PAK5 expression by directly targeting the PAK5 3′-untranslated region. The effects of miR-489 on cell viability were measured using MTT and Cell Counting Kit-8 assays. The results demonstrated that ectopic expression of miR-489 mimic decreased cell viability by interfering with cyclin D1 and c-Myc signaling. Additionally, the effect of miR-489 on apoptosis was determined using Hoechst 33258 staining and flow cytometry. The results demonstrated that miR-489 decreased the activity of RAF1, reduced Bcl-2 and promoted Bax expression, resulting in increased cell apoptosis. Furthermore, the effect of miR-489 mimic on cellular motility was assessed using migration and invasion assays. miR-489 was shown to abolish the PAK5/RAF1/MMP2 pathway, resulting in decreased cell invasion ability. These results indicated that miR-489 may be involved in PAK5-mediated regulation of glioma progression, demonstrating the potential therapeutic benefits of targeting miR-489 in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Luyang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Dongyong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Zilong Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yijun Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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16
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Dong ZQ, Guo ZY, Xie J. The lncRNA EGFR-AS1 is linked to migration, invasion and apoptosis in glioma cells by targeting miR-133b/RACK1. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109292. [PMID: 31545240 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common in situ neoplasms in central nervous system (CNS). However, the pathogenesis of GBM is poorly understood. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in GBM progression. In this study, we attempted to identify the biological role of the EGFR-AS1 in glioma cells and tissues, as well as reveal the molecular mechanism associated. The results indicated that lnc-EGFR-AS1 expression was increased in glioma cells and tissues. EGFR-AS1 knockdown suppressed proliferation, migration and invasion of glioma cells, but induced apoptosis. Additionally, lnc-EGFR-AS1 functioned as a sponge for miR-133b. Promoting lnc-EGFR-AS1 expression significantly reduced miR-133b expression. Furthermore, miR-133b could target the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of RACK1 and reduced its expression levels. What's more, lnc-EGFR-AS1 knockdown reduced RACK1 expression partly through enhancing miR-133b expression. In vivo experiments confirmed the anti-tumorigenesis capability of EGFR-AS1 knockdown. These findings elucidated that EGFR-AS1 accelerated cell proliferation, migration, invasion and prevented apoptosis in glioma cells by regulating miR-133b/RACK1, providing new insights for the diagnosis and molecular therapy of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Zhao-Yu Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yangling Demonstration Zone Hospital, Xianyang 712100, China.
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, People's Hospital of Tongchuan City, Tongchuan 727000, China
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17
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Prognostic significance of PAK family kinases in acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer Gene Ther 2019; 27:30-37. [PMID: 30890765 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-019-0090-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a clonal and heterogeneous disease characterized by a myriad of genetic defects. Genetic abnormalities are powerful prognostic factors. P21-activated kinases (PAKs) are a kind of serine/threonine protein kinases, which is regulator of plenty of oncogenic signaling pathways. The clinical and prognostic value of PAKs in AML is unclear. A total of 155 AML patients with PAK expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas database were enrolled in this study. Eighty-four patients underwent chemotherapy only, 71 also underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). In the chemotherapy-only group, high PAK3 and PAK7 expression were both bound up with poor EFS and OS (all P < 0.05). However, high PAK2 expressers had better EFS and OS (all P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that high PAK7 expression was an adverse independent prognostic factor in patients who received chemotherapy only. PAKs have no influence in EFS and OS in patients who underwent allo-HSCT. In conclusion, high PAK2 expression is a favorable prognostic factor, as to the high expression of PAK3 and PAK7, they are poor prognostic factors, and PAK7 has better prognostic value, but their prognostic effects can be offset by allo-HSCT.
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18
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Tome-Garcia J, Erfani P, Nudelman G, Tsankov AM, Katsyv I, Tejero R, Bin Zhang, Walsh M, Friedel RH, Zaslavsky E, Tsankova NM. Analysis of chromatin accessibility uncovers TEAD1 as a regulator of migration in human glioblastoma. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4020. [PMID: 30275445 PMCID: PMC6167382 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06258-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The intrinsic drivers of migration in glioblastoma (GBM) are poorly understood. To better capture the native molecular imprint of GBM and its developmental context, here we isolate human stem cell populations from GBM (GSC) and germinal matrix tissues and map their chromatin accessibility via ATAC-seq. We uncover two distinct regulatory GSC signatures, a developmentally shared/proliferative and a tumor-specific/migratory one in which TEAD1/4 motifs are uniquely overrepresented. Using ChIP-PCR, we validate TEAD1 trans occupancy at accessibility sites within AQP4, EGFR, and CDH4. To further characterize TEAD’s functional role in GBM, we knockout TEAD1 or TEAD4 in patient-derived GBM lines using CRISPR-Cas9. TEAD1 ablation robustly diminishes migration, both in vitro and in vivo, and alters migratory and EMT transcriptome signatures with consistent downregulation of its target AQP4. TEAD1 overexpression restores AQP4 expression, and both TEAD1 and AQP4 overexpression rescue migratory deficits in TEAD1-knockout cells, implicating a direct regulatory role for TEAD1–AQP4 in GBM migration. The intrinsic drivers of glioblastoma (GBM) migration are still poorly understood. Here the authors purify GBM stem cells (GSCs) from patients and profile chromatin accessibility in these cells, identifying TEAD1 as a regulator of migration in human glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Tome-Garcia
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Department of Neuroscience and The Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Parsa Erfani
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Department of Neuroscience and The Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - German Nudelman
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | | | - Igor Katsyv
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Rut Tejero
- Department of Neuroscience and The Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Martin Walsh
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Center for RNA Biology and Medicine, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Roland H Friedel
- Department of Neuroscience and The Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Elena Zaslavsky
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Nadejda M Tsankova
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience and The Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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PAK5 Induces EMT and Promotes Cell Migration and Invasion by Activating the PI3K/AKT Pathway in Ovarian Cancer. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2018; 2018:8073124. [PMID: 30245957 PMCID: PMC6139229 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8073124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic cancer and currently ranks fifth in causing cancer-related deaths among women. P21cdc42/rac1-activated kinase 5 (PAK5) is a newly identified protein that has been indicated to have oncogenic potential. The present study investigated the expression level of PAK5 in clinical ovarian cancer and the functional roles of PAK5 in ovarian cancer progression. It was initially found that PAK5 was highly expressed in ovarian cancer tissues, particularly in patients with distant metastasis. Higher expression of PAK5 predicted poor survival fates in patients with ovarian cancer (p = 0.008). Knockdown of PAK5 in SKOV3 cells caused epithelial cell phenotypes, whereas overexpression of PAK5 led to remarkable mesenchymal cell phenotypes in A2780 cells. When PAK5 was depleted from SKOV3 cells, cells exhibited impaired wound recovery abilities. Cell migration and invasion abilities were also significantly inhibited. On the contrary, when PAK5 was overexpressed in A2780 cells, the wound recovery ability was enhanced by 68%. Cell migration and invasion abilities were consistently increased to approximately 2-fold. After knockdown of PAK5, the phosphorylation levels of PI3K p85 at Tyr458 and its downstream AKT at Ser473 were both decreased. The total protein of PI3K and AKT as well as the phosphorylation level of AKT at Thr308 remained unaffected. These data suggested that PI3K induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and promoted cell migration and invasion by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway in ovarian cancer. The oncogenic potential of PAK5 in ovarian cancer might suggest that any therapeutic strategies targeting PAK5 had the promising value for ovarian cancer treatment.
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20
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Huo FC, Pan YJ, Li TT, Mou J, Pei DS. PAK5 promotes the migration and invasion of cervical cancer cells by phosphorylating SATB1. Cell Death Differ 2018; 26:994-1006. [PMID: 30082769 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0178-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
p21-activated kinase 5 (PAK5) is involved in several oncogenic signaling pathways and its amplification or overexpression has been found in various types of cancer; however, the pathophysiologic role of PAK5 in cervical cancer (CC) remains elusive. This study aims to elucidate the effects of PAK5 on CC metastasis and its specific regulation mechanism. We performed western blotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis and found that the expression levels of PAK5 were significantly upregulated in CC cells and tissues. In addition, statistical analysis via IHC showed that increased PAK5 significantly correlated with CC progression. Mn2+-Phos-tag SDS-PAGE, western blotting, immunofluorescence and dual luciferase reporter assays were utilized to determine the involvement of SATB1 in PAK5-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We found that PAK5-mediated special AT-rich binding protein-1 (SATB1) phosphorylation on Ser47 initiated EMT cascade and promoted migration and invasion of CC cells. Furthermore, overexpression of PAK5 induced lung metastasis of CC cells in xenograft modes. Taken together, we conclude that PAK5 is a novel prognostic indicator and plays an important role in the CC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Chun Huo
- Department of pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China
| | - Yao-Jie Pan
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Yancheng Hospital of Medicine School of Southeast University, Yancheng, 224001, China
| | - Tong-Tong Li
- Department of pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Jie Mou
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China.
| | - Dong-Sheng Pei
- Department of pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China.
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21
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Dali R, Verginelli F, Pramatarova A, Sladek R, Stifani S. Characterization of a FOXG1:TLE1 transcriptional network in glioblastoma-initiating cells. Mol Oncol 2018; 12:775-787. [PMID: 29316219 PMCID: PMC5983107 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and deadly malignant brain cancer of glial cell origin, with a median patient survival of less than 20 months. Transcription factors FOXG1 and TLE1 promote GBM propagation by supporting maintenance of brain tumour-initiating cells (BTICs) with stem-like properties. Here, we characterize FOXG1 and TLE1 target genes in GBM patient-derived BTICs using ChIP-Seq and RNA-Seq approaches. These studies identify 150 direct FOXG1 targets, several of which are also TLE1 targets, involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, chemotaxis and angiogenesis. Negative regulators of NOTCH signalling, including CHAC1, are among the transcriptional repression targets of FOXG1:TLE1 complexes, suggesting a crosstalk between FOXG1:TLE1 and NOTCH-mediated pathways in GBM. These results provide previously unavailable insight into the transcriptional programs underlying the tumour-promoting functions of FOXG1:TLE1 in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rola Dali
- Department of Neurology and NeurosurgeryMontreal Neurological InstituteMcGill UniversityMontrealCanada
- McGill Center for BioinformaticsMcGill UniversityMontrealCanada
| | - Federica Verginelli
- Department of Neurology and NeurosurgeryMontreal Neurological InstituteMcGill UniversityMontrealCanada
- Present address:
Laboratory of Cancer Stem Cell ResearchCandiolo Cancer InstituteFPO‐IRCCSCandioloItaly
| | - Albena Pramatarova
- Departments of Human Genetics and MedicineMcGill UniversityMontrealCanada
| | - Robert Sladek
- Departments of Human Genetics and MedicineMcGill UniversityMontrealCanada
| | - Stefano Stifani
- Department of Neurology and NeurosurgeryMontreal Neurological InstituteMcGill UniversityMontrealCanada
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22
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Zhang BL, Guo TW, Gao LL, Ji GQ, Gu XH, Shao YQ, Yao RQ, Gao DS. Egr-1 and RNA POL II facilitate glioma cell GDNF transcription induced by histone hyperacetylation in promoter II. Oncotarget 2018; 8:45105-45116. [PMID: 28187447 PMCID: PMC5542170 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The specific mechanisms for epigenetic regulation of gene transcription remain to be elucidated. We previously demonstrated that hyperacetylation of histone H3K9 in promoter II of glioma cells promotes high transcription of the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) gene. This hyperacetylation significantly enhanced Egr-1 binding and increased the recruitment of RNA polymerase II (RNA POL II) to that region (P < 0.05). Egr-1 expression was abnormally increased in C6 glioma cells. Further overexpression of Egr-1 significantly increased Egr-1 binding to GDNF promoter II, while increasing RNA POL II recruitment, thus increasing GDNF transcription (P < 0.01). When the acetylation of H3K9 in the Egr-1 binding site was significantly reduced by the histone acetyltransferase (HAT) inhibitor curcumin, binding of Egr-1 to GDNF promoter II, RNA POL II recruitment, and GDNF mRNA expression were significantly downregulated (P < 0.01). Moreover, curcumin attenuated the effects of Egr-1 overexpression on Egr-1 binding, RNA POL II recruitment, and GDNF transcription (P < 0.01). Egr-1 and RNA POL II co-existed in the nucleus of C6 glioma cells, with overlapping regions, but they were not bound to each other. In conclusion, highly expressed Egr-1 may be involved in the recruitment of RNA POL II in GDNF promoter II in a non-binding manner, and thereby involved in regulating GDNF transcription in high-grade glioma cells. This regulation is dependent on histone hyperacetylation in GDNF promoter II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Le Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting-Wen Guo
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Le-Le Gao
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guang-Quan Ji
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-He Gu
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu-Qi Shao
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui-Qin Yao
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dian-Shuai Gao
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
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23
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Li K, Xu X, He Y, Tian Y, Pan W, Xu L, Ma Y, Gao Y, Gao J, Qi Y, Wei L, Zhang J. P21-activated kinase 7 (PAK7) interacts with and activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in breast cancer. J Cancer 2018; 9:1821-1835. [PMID: 29805709 PMCID: PMC5968771 DOI: 10.7150/jca.24934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is the highest incidence of tumor in women, which seriously threaten women's health. The occurrence and progression of breast cancer is linked to inactivation or downregulation of tumor suppressors, and activation or upregulation of oncogenes. However, the mechanism of PAK7 involving in the occurrence and progression of breast cancer is not yet fully understood. Methods: PAK7 expression was analyzed by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry and correlated with clinicopatholgical parameters in breast cancer tissue microarray. The effects of PAK7 on breast cancer cells were detected by CCK-8 assay, colon formation assay, wound healing and transwell assays, and flow cytometry. The relationship between PAK7 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was determined by western blotting, TOP/FOP flash, co-Immunoprecipitation and co-localization assays. Results: PAK7 expression was significantly increased in breast cancer tissues and positively correlated with pathological differentiation and TNM stage of breast cancer. Overexpression of PAK7 could significantly promote proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells, and inhibit apoptosis. In contrast, PAK7 knockdown significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells and promoted apoptosis. In addition, PAK7 could activate Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in breast cancer cells. Further study found that PAK7 could directly bind to GSK3β and β-catenin, and regulate β-catenin degradation by phosphorylating GSK3β. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that PAK7, as an oncogene, involved in breast cancer progression by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, suggesting that the potential applicability of PAK7 as a target for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaolong Xu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Yanqi He
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Yihao Tian
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Wenting Pan
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Liu Xu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Yanbin Ma
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Jingbo Gao
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Yuwen Qi
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Lei Wei
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Jingwei Zhang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China
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24
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Han K, Zhou Y, Tseng KF, Hu H, Li K, Wang Y, Gan Z, Lin S, Sun Y, Min D. PAK5 overexpression is associated with lung metastasis in osteosarcoma. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:2202-2210. [PMID: 29434926 PMCID: PMC5777019 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
p21-activated kinases (PAKs) are multifunctional effectors of Rho GTPases, which are associated with cytoskeletal organization, cellular morphogenesis, migration and survival. PAKs are overactive in a number of tumor tissues and have attracted attention as a potential target for cancer therapy. In the present study, PAK5 levels were analyzed in primary osteosarcoma (OS) samples (n=65) using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) methods. In the primary OS tissue, increased PAK5 expression (IHC score >2, n=37) was associated with significantly decreased overall survival (P=0.036) compared with decreased PAK5 expression (IHC score ≤2, n=28). PAK5 expression was identified to be significantly associated with metastasis (P=0.010). The lung is the most common metastasis site for OS. In addition, the level of PAK5 in lung metastasis tissue (n=13) was detected using RT-qPCR and IHC methods. PAK5 expression was increased in lung metastasis tissue compared with in primary OS samples. PAK5 was silenced using short hairpin RNA in OS cell lines. Wound healing, migration and nude mice model assay results consistently demonstrated that PAK5 knockdown was able to significantly inhibit OS migration. In PAK5-knockdown cells, the alteration in the expression of a number of metastasis-associated factors, including epithelial cadherin, vimentin, fibronectin and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), was analyzed. Only MMP2 expression was decreased significantly (P<0.05). The expression level of MMP2 was analyzed in primary OS tissue and lung metastasis tissue using RT-qPCR and IHC methods. Expression of MMP2 was identified to be associated with expression of PAK5. The results of the present study suggest that PAK5 promotes OS cell migration and that PAK5 expression may be used to predict lung metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Han
- Oncology Department, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Oncology Department, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Kuo-Fu Tseng
- Biophysics Department of Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA
| | - Haiyan Hu
- Oncology Department, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Kunpeng Li
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, P.R. China
| | - Yaling Wang
- Oncology Department, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Zhihua Gan
- Oncology Department, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Shuchen Lin
- Oncology Department, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Yongning Sun
- Oncology Department, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Daliu Min
- Oncology Department, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
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25
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Chen DG, Zhu B, Lv SQ, Zhu H, Tang J, Huang C, Li Q, Zhou P, Wang DL, Li GH. Inhibition of EGR1 inhibits glioma proliferation by targeting CCND1 promoter. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2017; 36:186. [PMID: 29246166 PMCID: PMC5732438 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-017-0656-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Gliomas are the most common primary tumors in central nervous system. The prognosis of the patients with glioma is poor regardless of the development of therapeutic strategies. Its aggressive behavior mainly depends on the potent ability of proliferation. The transcription factor EGR1 (early growth response 1) is a member of a zinc finger transcription factor family which plays an essential role in cell growth and proliferation. Methods EGR1 expression levels in 39 glioma tissues and 10 normal brain tissues were tested by RT-qPCR and Western-blotting. The effects of EGR1 on U251 cells, U251 stem-like cells (GSCs), and U87 cells proliferation were assessed using in vitro and in vivo cell proliferation assays. The specific binding between EGR1 and CCND1 promoter was confirmed by CHIP assay. EGF was used to improve EGR1 expression in this assay. Results EGR1 expression levels in human gliomas are decreased compared with normal brain tissues, however, the patients with low EGR1 expression level showed significantly enhanced patient survival in all glioma patients. EGR1 silencing inhibited proliferation and induced G1 phase arrest in glioma cells. EGR1 contributed to proliferation by directly raising CCND1. Meanwhile, EGR1 overexpression induced by EGF was able to promote the proliferation of glioma cells. Conclusions Our results show that stable knockdown EGR1 would inhibit glioma proliferation. The results suggest EGR1 showing lower expression in cancer tissues compared with normal tissues maybe still play an important role in tumor proliferation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-017-0656-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian-Gang Chen
- Institute for Cancer Research in People's Liberation Army, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Institute for Cancer Research in People's Liberation Army, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Sheng-Qing Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Hongfan Zhu
- Institute for Cancer Research in People's Liberation Army, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Jinliang Tang
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Changlin Huang
- Institute for Cancer Research in People's Liberation Army, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Qingrui Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Pu Zhou
- Institute for Cancer Research in People's Liberation Army, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Dong-Lin Wang
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Chongqing City, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Guang-Hui Li
- Institute for Cancer Research in People's Liberation Army, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
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26
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MiR-106a-5p inhibits the cell migration and invasion of renal cell carcinoma through targeting PAK5. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e3155. [PMID: 29072688 PMCID: PMC5680926 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNA-106a-5p (MiR-106a-5p), a small non-coding RNA, has been reported to be downregulated in astrocytoma, osteosarcoma and colorectal cancer. However, the expression levels and biological function in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have not been studied yet. In this study, we found that the miR-106a-5p was significantly downregulated in RCC tissues and cell lines, and that overexpression of miR-106a-5p led to decreased cell metastasis ability in a xenograft model. Inhibition of miR-106a-5p in RCC cell lines altered the cell migration, invasion and wound healing abilities. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that miR-106a-5p directly bound to the 3'-UTR of the PAK5 mRNA and mediated a decrease in the protein expression of PAK5. We further proved that PAK5 protein levels were negatively correlated with the miR-106a-5p expression in both patient samples and xenograft model. In epigenetics, methylation specific PCR experiments indicated that the upstream gene promoter of miR-106a-5p was hypermethylated in RCC, which might be responsible for its downregulation. Our findings suggested that miR-106a-5p might be a potential gene therapy target for the treatment of RCC metastasis.
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27
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Zhang YC, Huo FC, Wei LL, Gong CC, Pan YJ, Mou J, Pei DS. PAK5-mediated phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of NF-κB-p65 promotes breast cancer cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2017; 36:146. [PMID: 29041983 PMCID: PMC5645986 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-017-0610-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Abnormal proliferation is significantly associated with the promotion of malignant tumor. Growing evidence suggest that the signal pathways of p21cdc42/rac1-activated kinase 5 (PAK5) have been found in various tumor progression, however, the role of PAK5 in breast cancer remains largely unclear. Methods We evaluated PAK5 and p65 staining in breast cancer tissues (BCTs) and paired non-cancerous tissues (NTs) using tissue microarray (TMA) technology. The functions of PAK5 were studied in vitro and in vivo. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and flow cytometry were performed to determine proliferation of breast cancer cells. Phosphorylation assay and co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) were employed to identify the regulation mechanism of p65 by PAK5. The activation of Cyclin D1 promoter was measured with luciferase reporter assay. Xenograft models in nude mice were established to explore the roles of PAK5 in breast cancer growth. Results In this study, we show that PAK5 is highly expressed in breast cancer tissues and the increased PAK5 is significantly associated with breast cancer progression. Overexpression of PAK5 promotes the proliferation and cell-cycle progression by increasing the expression of Cyclin D1 in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that PAK5 can promote the phosphorylation and the nuclear translocation of p65 subunit of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB). Furthermore, p65 can directly bind to the promoter of Cyclin D1 and mediate an increase in its protein expression. Conclusions Taken together, our findings suggest that PAK5 may serve as a potential prognosis marker and therapeutic target for human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chun Zhang
- Department of pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China.,Department of Interventional Radiology, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong Province, China
| | - Fu-Chun Huo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China
| | - Lu-Lu Wei
- Department of pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China
| | - Chan-Chan Gong
- Department of pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China
| | - Yao-Jie Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China
| | - Jie Mou
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China.
| | - Dong-Sheng Pei
- Department of pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China.
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28
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Thillai K, Lam H, Sarker D, Wells CM. Deciphering the link between PI3K and PAK: An opportunity to target key pathways in pancreatic cancer? Oncotarget 2017; 8:14173-14191. [PMID: 27845911 PMCID: PMC5355171 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of personalised therapies has ushered in a new and exciting era of cancer treatment for a variety of solid malignancies. Yet pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has failed to benefit from this paradigm shift, remaining notoriously refractory to targeted therapies. Chemotherapy is the cornerstone of management but can offer only modest survival benefits of a few months with 5-year survival rates rarely exceeding 3%. Despite these disappointing statistics, significant strides have been made towards understanding the complex biology of pancreatic cancer, with deep genomic sequencing identifying novel genetic aberrations and key signalling pathways. The PI3K-PDK1-AKT pathway has received great attention due to its prominence in carcinogenesis. However, efforts to target several components of this network have resulted in only a handful of drugs demonstrating any survival benefit in solid tumors; despite promising pre-clinical results. p-21 activated kinase 4 (PAK4) is a gene that is recurrently amplified or overexpressed in PDAC and both PAK4 and related family member PAK1, have been linked to aberrant RAS activity, a common feature in pancreatic cancer. As regulators of PI3K, PAKs have been highlighted as a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target. In this review, we discuss the biology of pancreatic cancer and the close interaction between PAKs and the PI3K pathway. We also suggest proposals for future research that may see the development of effective targeted therapies that could finally improve outcomes for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiruthikah Thillai
- Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Medical Oncology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hoyin Lam
- Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Debashis Sarker
- Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Medical Oncology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claire M Wells
- Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Yano H, Shinoda J, Iwama T. Clinical Utility of Positron Emission Tomography in Patients with Malignant Glioma. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2017; 57:312-320. [PMID: 28458384 PMCID: PMC5566704 DOI: 10.2176/nmc.ra.2016-0312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is being increasingly utilized for the management of brain tumors. Herein, we primarily review our previous studies on the use of PET in glioma that utilize three types of tracers: 11C-methionine (MET), 11C-choline, and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose. These studies included aspects such as tumor behavior, diagnosis, grade of malignancy, spread and invasion, viability, and genetic deletions; moreover, they also evaluated PET as a tool for planning radiation therapy (RT) and determining its outcome. MET-PET in particular is considered to be the most informative for diagnosis and therapeutic decision-making for glioma patients; it is therefore considered crucial for brain tumor therapy. MET-PET is expected to be widely used for brain tumor patients going forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirohito Yano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Jun Shinoda
- Chubu Medical Center for Prolonged Traumatic Brain Dysfunction, Department of Neurosurgery, Kizawa Memorial Hospital
| | - Toru Iwama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine
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30
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Yano H, Nakayama N, Ohe N, Miwa K, Shinoda J, Iwama T. Pathological analysis of the surgical margins of resected glioblastomas excised using photodynamic visualization with both 5-aminolevulinic acid and fluorescein sodium. J Neurooncol 2017; 133:389-397. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-017-2445-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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CRNDE affects the malignant biological characteristics of human glioma stem cells by negatively regulating miR-186. Oncotarget 2016; 6:25339-55. [PMID: 26231038 PMCID: PMC4694835 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The long non-coding RNA Colorectal neoplasia differentially expressed (CRNDE) is a novel gene that activated early in colorectal neoplasia, but it is also up-regulated in many other solid tumors. Herein, the function and underlying mechanism of CRNDE in regulating glioma stem cells (GSCs) were investigated. We found that CRNDE expression was up-regulated while miR-186 expression was down-regulated in GSCs. Overexpression of CRNDE could promote the cellular proliferation, migration, invasion and inhibit the apoptosis in GSCs. Overexpression of miR-186 exerted functions of inhibiting the proliferation, migration and invasion of GSCs and promoting apoptosis. And CRNDE decreased the expression levels of XIAP and PAK7 by binding to miR-186 and negatively regulating it. In addition, miR-186 binded to XIAP and PAK7 3′UTR region, and decrease the expression of them, thus regulating the expression levels of downstream target proteins such as caspase 3, BAD, cyclin D1 and MARK2. The in vivo effect of CRNDE and miR-186 showed that the tumor formation rate was minimum in tumor-bearing nude mice with the knockdown of CRNDE and the overexpression of miR-186. In conclusion, CRNDE played an oncogenic role of GSCs through the negative regulation of miR-186. Both CRNDE and miR-186 could be regarded as potential targets in the glioma therapy.
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32
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Shao YG, Ning K, Li F. Group II p21-activated kinases as therapeutic targets in gastrointestinal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:1224-1235. [PMID: 26811660 PMCID: PMC4716033 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i3.1224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
P21-activated kinases (PAKs) are central players in various oncogenic signaling pathways. The six PAK family members are classified into group I (PAK1-3) and group II (PAK4-6). Focus is currently shifting from group I PAKs to group II PAKs. Group II PAKs play important roles in many fundamental cellular processes, some of which have particular significance in the development and progression of cancer. Because of their important functions, group II PAKs have become popular potential drug target candidates. However, few group II PAKs inhibitors have been reported, and most do not exhibit satisfactory kinase selectivity and “drug-like” properties. Isoform- and kinase-selective PAK inhibitors remain to be developed. This review describes the biological activities of group II PAKs, the importance of group II PAKs in the development and progression of gastrointestinal cancer, and small-molecule inhibitors of group II PAKs for the treatment of cancer.
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Topological robustness analysis of protein interaction networks reveals key targets for overcoming chemotherapy resistance in glioma. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16830. [PMID: 26582089 PMCID: PMC4652178 DOI: 10.1038/srep16830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological networks display high robustness against random failures but are vulnerable to targeted attacks on central nodes. Thus, network topology analysis represents a powerful tool for investigating network susceptibility against targeted node removal. Here, we built protein interaction networks associated with chemoresistance to temozolomide, an alkylating agent used in glioma therapy, and analyzed their modular structure and robustness against intentional attack. These networks showed functional modules related to DNA repair, immunity, apoptosis, cell stress, proliferation and migration. Subsequently, network vulnerability was assessed by means of centrality-based attacks based on the removal of node fractions in descending orders of degree, betweenness, or the product of degree and betweenness. This analysis revealed that removing nodes with high degree and high betweenness was more effective in altering networks' robustness parameters, suggesting that their corresponding proteins may be particularly relevant to target temozolomide resistance. In silico data was used for validation and confirmed that central nodes are more relevant for altering proliferation rates in temozolomide-resistant glioma cell lines and for predicting survival in glioma patients. Altogether, these results demonstrate how the analysis of network vulnerability to topological attack facilitates target prioritization for overcoming cancer chemoresistance.
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Denis M, Tadesse MG. Evaluation of hierarchical models for integrative genomic analyses. Bioinformatics 2015; 32:738-46. [PMID: 26545823 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btv653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Advances in high-throughput technologies have led to the acquisition of various types of -omic data on the same biological samples. Each data type gives independent and complementary information that can explain the biological mechanisms of interest. While several studies performing independent analyses of each dataset have led to significant results, a better understanding of complex biological mechanisms requires an integrative analysis of different sources of data. RESULTS Flexible modeling approaches, based on penalized likelihood methods and expectation-maximization (EM) algorithms, are studied and tested under various biological relationship scenarios between the different molecular features and their effects on a clinical outcome. The models are applied to genomic datasets from two cancer types in the Cancer Genome Atlas project: glioblastoma multiforme and ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma. The integrative models lead to improved model fit and predictive performance. They also provide a better understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying patients' survival. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION Source code implementing the integrative models is freely available at https://github.com/mgt000/IntegrativeAnalysis along with example datasets and sample R script applying the models to these data. The TCGA datasets used for analysis are publicly available at https://tcga-data.nci.nih.gov/tcga/tcgaDownload.jsp CONTACT marie.denis@cirad.fr or mgt26@georgetown.edu SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Denis
- UMR AGAP, CIRAD, Montpellier, France, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA and
| | - Mahlet G Tadesse
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
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Retraction: ‘p53-induced Rap2B positively regulates migration in cells exposed to glucose deprivation’ by D.-S. Pei, J.-H. Di, W.-Q. Du and J.-N. Zheng. Mol Carcinog 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.22357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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36
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Zhai J, Qu S, Li X, Zhong J, Chen X, Qu Z, Wu D. miR-129 suppresses tumor cell growth and invasion by targeting PAK5 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 464:161-7. [PMID: 26116538 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.06.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that microRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in regulating HCC development and progression; however, the mechanisms by which their specific functions and mechanisms remained to be further explored. miR-129 has been reported in gastric cancers, lung cancer and colon cancer. In this study, we disclosed a new tumor suppresser function of miR-129 in HCC. We also found the downregulation of miR-129 occurred in nearly 3/4 of the tumors examined (56/76) compared with adjacent nontumorous tissues, which was more importantly, correlated to the advanced stage and vascular invasion. We then demonstrated that miR-129 overexpression attenuated HCC cells proliferation and invasion, inducing apoptosis in vitro. Moreover, we used miR-129 antagonist and found that anti-miR-129 promoted HCC cells malignant phenotypes. Mechanistically, our further investigations revealed that miR-129 suppressed cell proliferation and invasion by targeting the 3'-untranslated region of PAK5, as well as miR-129 silencing up-regulated PAK5 expression. Moreover, miR-129 expression was inversely correlated with PAK5 expression in 76 cases of HCC samples. RNA interference of PAK5 attenuated anti-miR-129 mediated cell proliferation and invasion in HCC cells. Taken together, these results demonstrated that miR-129 suppressed tumorigenesis and progression by directly targeting PAK5, defining miR-129 as a potential treatment target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhai
- Department II of Interventional Radiology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Shuping Qu
- Department II of Special Medical Care, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- Department II of Interventional Radiology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jiaming Zhong
- Department II of Interventional Radiology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiaoxia Chen
- Department II of Interventional Radiology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zengqiang Qu
- Department II of Interventional Radiology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Dong Wu
- Department II of Special Medical Care, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China.
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Gu X, Wang C, Wang X, Ma G, Li Y, Cui L, Chen Y, Zhao B, Li K. Efficient inhibition of human glioma development by RNA interference-mediated silencing of PAK5. Int J Biol Sci 2015; 11:230-7. [PMID: 25632266 PMCID: PMC4308408 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.9193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common type of primary intracranial tumor and is highly lethal due to its pathogenetic location, high invasiveness, and poor prognosis. Even combined surgery and chemoradiotherapy do not effectively rescue glioma patients. Molecular target therapy is considered a safe and promising therapy for glioma. The identification of a novel, effective target protein in gliomas is of great interest. We found that PAK5 was highly expressed in the tumor tissues of glioma patients and human glioma cell lines. We then used a lentivirus-delivered short hairpin RNA to stably silence PAK5 expression in glioma cells and explore its influence. The results showed that the inhibition of PAK5 reduced cell viability and delayed the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase in the glioma cells with PAK5 high expression. In addition, silencing PAK5 expression in U87 cells weakened their colony formation ability and in vivo tumorigenesis ability. Further studies demonstrated that PAK5 inhibition led to an increase in cleaved caspase 3 and a decrease in β-catenin. In conclusion, our results suggest that the inhibition of PAK5 by RNA interference might efficiently suppress tumor development of glioma cells with PAK5 high expression. This finding provides a novel, promising therapeutic target for glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Gu
- 1. Institute of Neurology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China. ; 2. Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Ce Wang
- 3. Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- 3. Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Guoda Ma
- 1. Institute of Neurology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - You Li
- 2. Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Lili Cui
- 1. Institute of Neurology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yanyan Chen
- 2. Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- 2. Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Keshen Li
- 1. Institute of Neurology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China. ; 2. Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
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p21-Activated kinase 5 affects cisplatin-induced apoptosis and proliferation in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:3685-91. [PMID: 25560489 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-3007-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
p21-Activated kinase 5 (PAK5) is the last identified member of the PAK family. The PAKs are highly conserved serine/threonine and effector proteins for Cdc42 and Rac and are essential in regulating cell motility and survival. Previous studies have demonstrated that PAK5 played a pivotal role in apoptosis, proliferation, cancer migration, and invasion. However, the biological function of PAK5 in hepatocellular carcinoma, as well as its underlying mechanism, still remains to be fully elucidated. In the present study, we demonstrated that PAK5 markedly inhibited cisplatin-induced apoptosis and promoted cell proliferation in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Moreover, our results showed that overexpression of PAK5 contributed to cell cycle regulation. In order to elucidate the underlying mechanism of PAK5 on cisplatin-induced apoptosis and cell cycle regulation, we also examined the protein expressions of chk2 and p-chk2. In summary, our study investigated the role of PAK5 in cisplatin-induced cellular processes and provided evidence of its underlying mechanism.
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