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Appoo J, Bunbury N, Jaquemet S, Graham NA. Seabird nutrient subsidies enrich mangrove ecosystems and are exported to nearby coastal habitats. iScience 2024; 27:109404. [PMID: 38510135 PMCID: PMC10952037 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Eutrophication by human-derived nutrient enrichment is a major threat to mangroves, impacting productivity, ecological functions, resilience, and ecosystem services. Natural mangrove nutrient enrichment processes, however, remain largely uninvestigated. Mobile consumers such as seabirds are important vectors of cross-ecosystem nutrient subsidies to islands but how they influence mangrove ecosystems is poorly known. We assessed the contribution, uptake, cycling, and transfer of nutrients from seabird colonies in remote mangrove systems free of human stressors. We found that nutrients from seabird guano enrich mangrove plants, reduce nutrient limitations, enhance mangrove invertebrate food webs, and are exported to nearby coastal habitats through tidal flow. We show that seabird nutrient subsidies in mangroves can be substantial, improving the nutrient status and health of mangroves and adjacent coastal habitats. Conserving mobile consumers, such as seabirds, is therefore vital to preserve and enhance their role in mangrove productivity, resilience, and provision of diverse functions and services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Appoo
- UMR ENTROPIE, Université de La Réunion, 97744 Saint Denis Cedex 9, La Réunion, France
- Seychelles Islands Foundation, Victoria, Mahé, Seychelles
| | - Nancy Bunbury
- Seychelles Islands Foundation, Victoria, Mahé, Seychelles
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Sébastien Jaquemet
- UMR ENTROPIE, Université de La Réunion, 97744 Saint Denis Cedex 9, La Réunion, France
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Lang T, Ke X, Wei J, Hussain M, Li M, Gao C, Jiang M, Wang Y, Fu Y, Wu K, Zhang W, Tam NFY, Zhou H. Dynamics of tannin variations in mangrove leaf litter decomposition and their effects on environmental nitrogen and microbial activity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168150. [PMID: 37918719 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Tannins play vital roles in regulating ecological processes in mangrove forests. However, how tannins affect nitrogen (N) cycling and microbial metabolism in mangrove ecosystems remains largely unexplored. In this study, we hypothesized the types and amounts of tannins released into seawater and sediments during leaf litter decomposition differed among mangrove plant species, thus their effects on N and microbial metabolism also varied. The alterations of tannins, and environmental N and microbial metabolism during leaf litter decomposition of Kandelia obovata, Avicennia marina, and Sonneratia apetala were evaluated by a microcosm-simulated tidal system. Results showed that total polyphenols (TPs) in seawater treated with K. obovata litter were significantly higher than those in A. marina and S. apetala treatments, although the trends of TP changes elicited an initial increase followed by a decrease during decomposition. The dynamic changes in TPs reduced the seawater N concentrations in K. obovata treatment but not in A. marina and S. apetala treatments. The results of microbial metabolism analysis revealed that leaf litter significantly increased microbial metabolic activities and diversities. The types of carbon sources utilized by sediment microorganisms differed among treatments, with the microbes in S. apetala and A. marina litter used more varieties of amino acids, lipids and sugars than those in K. obovata treatment, probably due to the rich amount of hydrolysable tannins (HTs) in the first two species while the last species only contained ondensed tannins (CTs). CTs released from K. obovata leaf litter not only bound nitrogen-containing macromolecular compounds such as amino acids and proteins but also carbohydrates like polysaccharides, which decreased the supply of C and N to sediment microbiota. These results reveal that the release of mangrove tannins during leaf litter decomposition is one of the key factors driving N cycling, and microbial activities and diversities in mangrove wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lang
- MNR Key Laboratory for Geo-Environmental Monitoring of Great Bay Area & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resource and Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, 518060 Shenzhen, China; Greater Bay Area Mangrove Wetland Research & Development Centre, Guangdong Neilingding Futian National Nature Reserve, Shenzhen 518040, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning 530008, China
| | - Xinran Ke
- College of Environment & Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Jian Wei
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Muzammil Hussain
- MNR Key Laboratory for Geo-Environmental Monitoring of Great Bay Area & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resource and Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, 518060 Shenzhen, China; Greater Bay Area Mangrove Wetland Research & Development Centre, Guangdong Neilingding Futian National Nature Reserve, Shenzhen 518040, China
| | - Mingdang Li
- MNR Key Laboratory for Geo-Environmental Monitoring of Great Bay Area & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resource and Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, 518060 Shenzhen, China; Greater Bay Area Mangrove Wetland Research & Development Centre, Guangdong Neilingding Futian National Nature Reserve, Shenzhen 518040, China
| | - Changjun Gao
- Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Mingguo Jiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning 530008, China
| | - Yibing Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning 530008, China
| | - Yijian Fu
- MNR Key Laboratory for Geo-Environmental Monitoring of Great Bay Area & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resource and Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, 518060 Shenzhen, China; Greater Bay Area Mangrove Wetland Research & Development Centre, Guangdong Neilingding Futian National Nature Reserve, Shenzhen 518040, China
| | - Kunhua Wu
- MNR Key Laboratory for Geo-Environmental Monitoring of Great Bay Area & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resource and Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, 518060 Shenzhen, China; Greater Bay Area Mangrove Wetland Research & Development Centre, Guangdong Neilingding Futian National Nature Reserve, Shenzhen 518040, China
| | - Wenyan Zhang
- MNR Key Laboratory for Geo-Environmental Monitoring of Great Bay Area & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resource and Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, 518060 Shenzhen, China; Greater Bay Area Mangrove Wetland Research & Development Centre, Guangdong Neilingding Futian National Nature Reserve, Shenzhen 518040, China
| | - Nora Fung-Yee Tam
- Greater Bay Area Mangrove Wetland Research & Development Centre, Guangdong Neilingding Futian National Nature Reserve, Shenzhen 518040, China; Department of Science, School of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Ho Man Tin, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Haichao Zhou
- MNR Key Laboratory for Geo-Environmental Monitoring of Great Bay Area & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resource and Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, 518060 Shenzhen, China; Greater Bay Area Mangrove Wetland Research & Development Centre, Guangdong Neilingding Futian National Nature Reserve, Shenzhen 518040, China.
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Hamylton S, Kelleway J, Rogers K, McLean R, Tynan ZN, Repina O. Mangrove expansion on the low wooded islands of the Great Barrier Reef. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20231183. [PMID: 37909075 PMCID: PMC10618860 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.1183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mangrove forests are the dominant vegetation growing on low wooded islands, which occur in the Caribbean, Indian and Pacific Oceans. In the northern Great Barrier Reef, we map remarkable, undocumented mangrove forest extension on 10 low wooded islands in the Howick Group that collectively equates to an area of 667 000 m2 (66.7 ha). We combine extensive field survey with canopy height models derived from RPA imagery and allometric scaling to quantify above ground biomass in both old (pre-1973) and new (post-1973) forest areas. Forest expansion added approximately 10 233 tonnes of new biomass since the early 1970s. We suggest that such substantial expansion of mangrove forest has occurred within a short time span in response to changing environmental controls. These may include sea-level rise, sediment transport and deposition, cyclone impact and the development of associated reef flat sedimentary landforms including unconsolidated and lithified shingle ridges, which influence reef flat hydrodynamics. Our observations highlight the globally dynamic response of mangrove distribution and forest structure to environmental change and provide timely new estimates from understudied reef island settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Hamylton
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong Faculty of Science Medicine and Health, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Jeff Kelleway
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong Faculty of Science Medicine and Health, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Kerrylee Rogers
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong Faculty of Science Medicine and Health, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Roger McLean
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Zachary Nagel Tynan
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong Faculty of Science Medicine and Health, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Oxana Repina
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong Faculty of Science Medicine and Health, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
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Thomson T, Fusi M, Bennett-Smith MF, Prinz N, Aylagas E, Carvalho S, Lovelock CE, Jones BH, Ellis JI. Contrasting Effects of Local Environmental and Biogeographic Factors on the Composition and Structure of Bacterial Communities in Arid Monospecific Mangrove Soils. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0090321. [PMID: 34985338 PMCID: PMC8729789 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00903-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mangrove forests are important biotic sinks of atmospheric CO2 and play an integral role in nutrient-cycling and decontamination of coastal waters, thereby mitigating climatic and anthropogenic stressors. These services are primarily regulated by the activity of the soil microbiome. To understand how environmental changes may affect this vital part of the ecosystem, it is key to understand the patterns that drive microbial community assembly in mangrove forest soils. High-throughput amplicon sequencing (16S rRNA) was applied on samples from arid Avicennia marina forests across different spatial scales from local to regional. Alongside conventional analyses of community ecology, microbial co-occurrence networks were assessed to investigate differences in composition and structure of the bacterial community. The bacterial community composition varied more strongly along an intertidal gradient within each mangrove forest, than between forests in different geographic regions (Australia/Saudi Arabia). In contrast, co-occurrence networks differed primarily between geographic regions, illustrating that the structure of the bacterial community is not necessarily linked to its composition. The local diversity in mangrove forest soils may have important implications for the quantification of biogeochemical processes and is important to consider when planning restoration activities. IMPORTANCE Mangrove ecosystems are increasingly being recognized for their potential to sequester atmospheric carbon, thereby mitigating the effects of anthropogenically driven greenhouse gas emissions. The bacterial community in the soils plays an important role in the breakdown and recycling of carbon and other nutrients. To assess and predict changes in carbon storage, it is important to understand how the bacterial community is shaped by its environment. Here, we compared the bacterial communities of mangrove forests on different spatial scales, from local within-forest to biogeographic comparisons. The bacterial community composition differed more between distinct intertidal zones of the same forest than between forests in distant geographic regions. The calculated network structure of theoretically interacting bacteria, however, differed most between the geographic regions. Our findings highlight the importance of local environmental factors in shaping the microbial soil community in mangroves and highlight a disconnect between community composition and structure in microbial soil assemblages.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Thomson
- University of Waikato, School of Science, Tauranga, New Zealand
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - M. Fusi
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - M. F. Bennett-Smith
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - N. Prinz
- University of Waikato, School of Science, Tauranga, New Zealand
| | - E. Aylagas
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - S. Carvalho
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - C. E. Lovelock
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucida, Australia
| | - B. H. Jones
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - J. I. Ellis
- University of Waikato, School of Science, Tauranga, New Zealand
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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Erftemeijer PLA, Cambridge ML, Price BA, Ito S, Yamamoto H, Agastian T, Burt JA. Enhancing growth of mangrove seedlings in the environmentally extreme Arabian Gulf using treated sewage sludge. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 170:112595. [PMID: 34126446 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The response of mangrove (Avicennia marina) seedlings to treated (wet) sludge from a sewage treatment plant (STP) was tested in a randomized block design experiment at a tree nursery on Mubarraz Island in the Arabian Gulf. The growth response of seedlings to half-strength and full-strength STP sludge was monitored over 103 days and compared with the response to freshwater, seawater and half-strength seawater treatments. Sludge treatments resulted in significantly greater plant growth, leaf number, leaf biomass and root biomass than the other treatments did. The positive effect of STP sludge on seedling growth is attributed to enhanced levels of total nitrogen (8.9 ± 0.1 mg l-1) and total phosphorus (7.8 ± 0.2 mg l-1) in the sludge and its low salinity. These results suggest that sludge from sewage treatment plants may be beneficially used in mangrove nurseries and plantations in this arid region, where soils are nutrient-poor and fresh water is scarce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul L A Erftemeijer
- The UWA Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Marion L Cambridge
- The UWA Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Brae A Price
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Satoshi Ito
- Abu Dhabi Oil Co. Ltd (Japan), P.O. Box 630, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hiroshi Yamamoto
- Abu Dhabi Oil Co. Ltd (Japan), P.O. Box 630, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Titus Agastian
- Abu Dhabi Oil Co. Ltd (Japan), P.O. Box 630, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - John A Burt
- Water Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity of Mangrove Root Sphere under a Tropical Monsoon Climate in Eastern Thailand. FORESTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/f12080966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mangrove ecosystems under tropical monsoon climates experience changes in environmental factors, especially seasonal variations in salinity. These changes might have direct influences on the mangrove root sphere, which plays an important role in carbon dynamics and supports mangrove growth. We aimed to elucidate how the soil properties including salinity and nutrient budget affect the mangrove roots in the wet and dry seasons across the mangrove zonation (Avicennia, Rhizophora, and Xylocarpus zones). This area is in a secondary forest at the Trat River estuary, eastern Thailand. Root mass was observed at 0–10 and 10–20 cm depths across all zones and the living roots were separated into diameter classes. The soil water salinity was measured at a 10 cm depth. We analyzed the nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon contents in the roots and soil. Spatiotemporal changes occurred due to the vegetation zonation and the variations in salinity and the content of soil available phosphorus that caused different root sphere conditions along the distance from the river. The highest root biomass was found in the riverward Avicennia zone, which was 4.8 times higher than that of the inland Xylocarpus zone in the wet season. The root necromass distribution along the zonation showed an opposite trend to that of biomass. Among seasons, the root size-class proportion differed, with high fine roots observed during the wet season. We confirmed that the root sphere showed both spatial and temporal heterogeneity. Mangrove roots, especially fine roots, interacted with changing salinity, inundation regime, and biological processes evoked by microtopographic gradients as a consequence of mangrove zonation and seasonal rainfall. Our findings indicate how the root sphere differed by specific vegetation structure in this mangrove forest. Therefore, these might provide an ecological perspective for the mangrove rehabilitation plans to facilitate below-ground carbon stock.
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Macro- and Micronutrient Cycling and Crucial Linkages to Geochemical Processes in Mangrove Ecosystems. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse9050456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
High mangrove productivity is sustained by rapid utilization, high retention efficiency and maximum storage of nutrients in leaves, roots, and soils. Rapid microbial transformations and high mineralization efficiencies in tandem with physiological mechanisms conserve scarce nutrients. Macronutrient cycling is interlinked with micronutrient cycling; all nutrient cycles are linked closely to geochemical transformation processes. Mangroves can be N-, P-, Fe-, and Cu-limited; additions of Zn and Mo stimulate early growth until levels above pristine porewater concentrations induce toxicity. Limited nutrient availability is caused by sorption and retention onto iron oxides, clays, and sulfide minerals. Little N is exported as immobilization is the largest transformation process. Mn and S affect N metabolism and photosynthesis via early diagenesis and P availability is coupled to Fe-S redox oscillations. Fe is involved in nitrification, denitrification and anammox, and Mo is involved in NO3− reduction and N2-fixation. Soil Mg, K, Mn, Zn and Ni pool sizes decrease as mangrove primary productivity increases, suggesting increasing uptake and more rapid turnover than in less productive forests. Mangroves may be major contributors to oceanic Mn and Mo cycles, delivering 7.4–12.1 Gmol Mn a−1 to the ocean, which is greater than global riverine input. The global Mo import rate by mangroves corresponds to 15–120% of Mo supply to the oceanic Mo budget.
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Abstract
Nitrogen (N) cycling in mangroves is complex, with rapid turnover of low dissolved N concentrations, but slow turnover of particulate N. Most N is stored in soils. The largest sources of N are nearly equal amounts of mangrove and benthic microalgal primary production. Dissolved N fluxes between the forests and tidal waters show net uptake, indicating N conservation. N2-fixation is underestimated as rapid rates measured on tree stems, aboveground roots and cyanobacterial mats cannot currently be accounted for at the whole-forest scale due to their extreme patchiness and the inability to extrapolate beyond a localized area. Net immobilization of NH4+ is the largest ecosystem flux, indicating N retention. Denitrification is the largest loss of N, equating to 35% of total N input. Burial equates to about 29% of total inputs and is the second largest loss of N. Total inputs slightly exceed total outputs, currently suggesting net N balance in mangroves. Mangrove PON export equates to ≈95% of PON export from the world’s tropical rivers, but only 1.5% of the entire world’s river discharge. Mangrove N2O emissions, denitrification, and burial contribute 0.4%, 0.5–2.0% and 6%, respectively, to the global coastal ocean, which are disproportionate to their small worldwide area.
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Shi B, Ling X, Cui H, Song W, Gao Y, Sun W. Response of nutrient resorption of Leymus chinensis to nitrogen and phosphorus addition in a meadow steppe of northeast China. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2020; 22:1123-1132. [PMID: 32594622 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient resorption, one of the most important strategies for plant nutrient conservation, is significantly affected by soil fertility. However, the effects of experimentally altered soil fertility on plant N and P resorption are poorly understood. The potential nutrient resorption response mechanisms of the dominant species Leymus chinensis to six N addition levels (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20 and 40 g·N·m-2 ·year-1 ), two P addition levels (0 and 10 g P·m-2 ·year-1 ) and their interactions were studied after 3 years of treatments in a temperate meadow steppe. In both green leaves and culms, N and P addition significantly increased N and P concentrations, respectively. Nitrogen addition led to a decrease in the N resorption efficiency (NRE) of both leaves and culms. Within each N treatment, P addition decreased the P resorption efficiency (PRE) of both leaves and culms and the NRE of leaves, except in the N2.5 treatment. Both NRE and PRE in leaves were higher than those in culms under N and P addition conditions. The nutrient concentrations and resorption efficiency were significantly correlated with the soil nutrient availability. Our results suggest that plants rely more on nutrient absorption from the soil, reducing the proportion of elements obtained through nutrient resorption in nutrient-rich environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Shi
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - X Ling
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - H Cui
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - W Song
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Y Gao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - W Sun
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
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Marins RV, Lacerda LD, AraÚjo ICS, Fonseca LV, Silva FATF. Phosphorus and suspended matter retention in mangroves affected by shrimp farm effluents in NE Brazil. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2020; 92:e20200758. [PMID: 33111824 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202020200758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compares two mangroves with different land uses in the Jaguaribe River estuary, harboring large shrimp farms, and in the more pristine Pacotí River estuary. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was used to compare the overall health of the forests. Measures of suspended matter (TSS), total (TP), particulate (PartP) and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) in the inflow and outflow waters of tidal channels draining the mangroves were performed during tidal cycles. NDVI varied from 0.65 in the Jaguaribe estuary to 0.85 in the Pacotí, suggesting the impact of shrimp farm effluents on mangrove canopy cover. The shrimp farm influenced site showed 10 times larger absolute ∑P (TP + PartP + SRP) = 1.2-5.2 kg.hr-1) flux than the pristine site (∑P = 0.22 kg.hr-1). Tidal balances showed smaller retentions of the total influx: 28-54%; 44-45%; 38-65% and 8-53% for TSS; TP; SRP; and PartP respectively, in the shrimp farm influenced site to over 93% of the total tidal input of TSS and all P fractions in the pristine mangrove. This suggests that mangrove phosphorus accumulation is decreased in the forest with lower NDVI and limits mangrove's potential as a natural barrier to the nutrient transport to adjacent estuarine and coastal waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozane V Marins
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Instituto de Ciências do Mar, Av. Abolição, 3207, Meireles, 60165-081 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Luiz D Lacerda
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Instituto de Ciências do Mar, Av. Abolição, 3207, Meireles, 60165-081 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Isabel Cristina S AraÚjo
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Av. Mister Hull, s/n, Pici, 60455-760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Louize V Fonseca
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Instituto de Ciências do Mar, Av. Abolição, 3207, Meireles, 60165-081 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Francisco A T F Silva
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, Estrada do Fio, 5624-6140, Mangabeira, 61760-000 Eusébio, CE, Brazil
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11
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Zhu D, Hui D, Wang M, Yang Q, Yu S. Light and competition alter leaf stoichiometry of introduced species and native mangrove species. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 738:140301. [PMID: 32806386 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Ecological stoichiometry is the study of the balance of ecosystem energy and nutrient cycling, especially carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P). C, N, and P are the key elements for plant growth and metabolism. Systematic research on leaf stoichiometry in mangrove forest ecosystems is still lacking. To understand the leaf stoichiometry of introduced species and native species in mangrove forests, we selected four species (one introduced species, Sonneratia apetala, and three native species, Avicennia marina, Aegiceras corniculatum, and Kandelia obovate) and measured leaf C, N, and P contents under different light conditions. The results showed that there were significant negative scaling relationships of leaf C versus N and C versus P but positive scaling relationships of leaf N versus P in the four mangrove species. Light and competition had significant effects on leaf stoichiometry, especially under the full light condition. S. apetala influenced leaf elements in a mixture with native species. Interspecific competition reduced leaf N and P contents in A. corniculatum and K. obovate but increased leaf N and P contents in A. marina. Leaf N and P contents of the four species showed similar responses to both intraspecific and interspecific competition. The ratio of leaf C:N:P (108:11:1) in the mangrove forests was lower than that in other ecosystems, and species with a higher growth rate had a higher leaf P content and lower N:P ratio, supporting the growth rate hypothesis. Leaf N:P was 11.04, indicating that there was N limitation in the mangrove forests. This systematic research of leaf stoichiometry of mangrove forests improves our understanding of mangrove growth and nutrient use strategies in response to different environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehuang Zhu
- Department of Ecology, School of Life Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 518054, China
| | - Dafeng Hui
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville 37209, USA
| | - Mengqi Wang
- Guangdong Neilingding Futian National Nature Reserve, Shenzhen 518040, China
| | - Qiong Yang
- Guangdong Neilingding Futian National Nature Reserve, Shenzhen 518040, China
| | - Shixiao Yu
- Department of Ecology, School of Life Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 518054, China.
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12
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Mangrove Encroachment Alters Decomposition Rate in Saltmarsh Through Changes in Litter Quality. Ecosystems 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-020-00554-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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14
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Sahu SK, Kathiresan K. The age and species composition of mangrove forest directly influence the net primary productivity and carbon sequestration potential. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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15
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Crous KY, Wujeska-Klause A, Jiang M, Medlyn BE, Ellsworth DS. Nitrogen and Phosphorus Retranslocation of Leaves and Stemwood in a Mature Eucalyptus Forest Exposed to 5 Years of Elevated CO 2. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:664. [PMID: 31214212 PMCID: PMC6554339 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Elevated CO2 affects C cycling processes which in turn can influence the nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations of plant tissues. Given differences in how N and P are used by plants, we asked if their stoichiometry in leaves and wood was maintained or altered in a long-term elevated CO2 experiment in a mature Eucalyptus forest on a low P soil (EucFACE). We measured N and P concentrations in green leaves at different ages at the top of mature trees across 6 years including 5 years in elevated CO2. N and P concentrations in green and senesced leaves and wood were determined to evaluate both spatial and temporal variation of leaf N and P concentrations, including the N and P retranslocation in leaves and wood. Leaf P concentrations were 32% lower in old mature leaves compared to newly flushed leaves with no effect of elevated CO2 on leaf P. By contrast, elevated CO2 significantly decreased leaf N concentrations in newly flushed leaves but this effect disappeared as leaves matured. As such, newly flushed leaves had 9% lower N:P ratios in elevated CO2 and N:P ratios were not different in mature green leaves (CO2 by Age effect, P = 0.02). Over time, leaf N and P concentrations in the upper canopy slightly declined in both CO2 treatments compared to before the start of the experiment. P retranslocation in leaves was 50%, almost double that of N retranslocation (29%), indicating that this site was P-limited and that P retranslocation was an important mechanism in this ecosystem to retain P in plants. As P-limited trees tend to store relatively more N than P, we found an increased N:P ratio in sapwood in response to elevated CO2 (P < 0.01), implying N accumulation in live wood. The flexible stoichiometric ratios we observed can have important implications for how plants adjust to variable environmental conditions including climate change. Hence, variable nutrient stoichiometry should be accounted for in large-scale Earth Systems models invoking biogeochemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Y. Crous
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
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16
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Li F, Hu C, Xie Y, Liu W, Chen X, Deng Z, Hou Z. Influence of Differ P Enrichment Frequency on Plant Growth and Plant C:N:P in a P-Limited Subtropical Lake Wetland, China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1608. [PMID: 30455714 PMCID: PMC6231420 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) enrichment as a result of anthropogenic activities can potentially alter plant C:N:P stoichiometry. However, the influence of different P enrichment frequencies on plant C:N:P stoichiometry in P-limited ecosystems is still unclear. In this study, we conducted a P-addition experiment to elucidate the effect of various P enrichment frequencies on the plant C:N:P stoichiometry of Carex brevicuspis in a freshwater wetland at Dongting Lake, China. We used four P enrichment frequencies (treatment A: no P addition; treatment B: three 0.1 g kg-1 additions at 10-day intervals; treatment C: two 0.15 g kg-1 additions at 15-day intervals; and treatment D: one 0.3 g kg-1 addition during the experimental period) in a factorial design with an experimental duration of 30 days. Biomass accumulation was lowest in the treatment A and highest in the treatment C, and increased with decreasing P addition frequency. The shoot:root ratio did not differ significantly between the four treatments. Both foliar and root C concentrations were not significantly different between the treatments. Foliar N concentration was significantly lower in the treatment D than in the other three treatments, while root N concentration did not differ significantly between the treatments. Both foliar and root P concentrations, and foliar C:N were much higher in the treatment B than in the treatment A. However, root C:N did not differ significantly between treatments. Both foliar and root C:P and N:P of C. brevicuspis were lower in the treatment B than in the treatment A. These results indicated that different frequencies of P addition significantly influenced plant growth. Moreover, P enrichment, rather than frequency, significantly influenced plant C:N:P stoichiometry. Our results improve our understanding of the influence of different P enrichment frequencies on plant C:N:P stoichiometry and nutrient cycling in freshwater wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Wuhan, China
| | - Cong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yonghong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Wenzhi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinsheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Zhengmiao Deng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiyong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
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17
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Weaver CA, Armitage AR. Nutrient enrichment shifts mangrove height distribution: Implications for coastal woody encroachment. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193617. [PMID: 29494657 PMCID: PMC5833200 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Global changes, such as increased temperatures and elevated CO2, are driving shifts in plant species distribution and dominance, like woody plant encroachment into grasslands. Local factors within these ecotones can influence the rate of regime shifts. Woody encroachment is occurring worldwide, though there has been limited research within coastal systems, where mangrove (woody shrub/tree) stands are expanding into salt marsh areas. Because coastal systems are exposed to various degrees of nutrient input, we investigated how nutrient enrichment may locally impact mangrove stand expansion and salt marsh displacement over time. We fertilized naturally co-occurring Avicennia germinans (black mangrove) and Spartina alterniflora (smooth cordgrass) stands in Port Aransas, TX, an area experiencing mangrove encroachment within the Northern Gulf of Mexico mangrove-marsh ecotone. After four growing seasons (2010-2013) of continuous fertilization, Avicennia was more positively influenced by nutrient enrichment than Spartina. Most notably, fertilized plots had a higher density of taller (> 0.5 m) mangroves and mangrove maximum height was 46% taller than in control plots. Fertilization may promote an increase in mangrove stand expansion within the mangrove-marsh ecotone by shifting Avicennia height distribution. Avicennia individuals, which reach certain species-specific height thresholds, have reduced negative neighbor effects and have higher resilience to freezing temperatures, which may increase mangrove competitive advantage over marsh grass. Therefore, we propose that nutrient enrichment, which augments mangrove height, could act locally as a positive feedback to mangrove encroachment, by reducing mangrove growth suppression factors, thereby accelerating the rates of increased mangrove coverage and subsequent marsh displacement. Areas within the mangrove-marsh ecotone with high anthropogenic nutrient input may be at increased risk of a regime shift from grass to woody dominated ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn A. Weaver
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Anna R. Armitage
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
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18
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Cui X, Song W, Feng J, Jia D, Guo J, Wang Z, Wu H, Qi F, Liang J, Lin G. Increased nitrogen input enhances Kandelia obovata seedling growth in the presence of invasive Spartina alterniflora in subtropical regions of China. Biol Lett 2017; 13:rsbl.2016.0760. [PMID: 28052938 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2016.0760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mangroves in China are severely affected by the rapid invasion of the non-native species Spartina alterniflora Although many studies have addressed the possible impacts of S. alterniflora on the performance of mangrove seedlings, how excessive nitrogen (N) input due to eutrophication affects the interactions between mangrove species and S. alterniflora remains unknown. Here, we report the results from a mesocosm experiment using seedlings of the native mangrove species Kandelia obovata and the exotic S. alterniflora grown in monoculture and mixed culture under no nitrogen addition and nitrogen (N) addition treatments for 18 months. Without N addition, the presence of S. alterniflora inhibited the growth of K. obovata seedlings. Excessive N addition significantly increased the growth rate of K. obovata in both cultures. However, the positive and significantly increasing relative interaction intensity index under excessive N input suggested that the invasion of S. alterniflora could favour the growth of K. obovata under eutrophication conditions. Our results imply that excessive N input in southeastern China can increase the competitive ability of mangrove seedlings against invasive S. alterniflora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Cui
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100000, People's Republic of China.,Division of Ocean Sciences and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Weimin Song
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxiang Feng
- Division of Ocean Sciences and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dai Jia
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiemin Guo
- Division of Ocean Sciences and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonglei Wang
- Division of Ocean Sciences and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wu
- Division of Ocean Sciences and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Qi
- Division of Ocean Sciences and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Liang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100000, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghui Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100000, People's Republic of China .,Division of Ocean Sciences and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518000, People's Republic of China
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19
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Pittarello M, Busato JG, Carletti P, Dobbss LB. Possible developments for ex situ phytoremediation of contaminated sediments, in tropical and subtropical regions - Review. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 182:707-719. [PMID: 28531837 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.04.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The growing problem of remediation of contaminated sediments dredged from harbor channels needs to be resolved by a cost effective and sustainable technology. Phytoremediation, by ex situ remediation plants, seems to have the potential to replace traditional methods in case of moderately contaminated sediments. On the other side, the need to mix sediments with soil and/or sand to allow an easier establishment of most employed species causes an increase of the volume of the processed substrate up to 30%. Moreover the majority of phytoremediating species are natives of temperate climate belt. Mangroves, with a special focus on the genus Avicennia - a salt secreting species - should represent an effective alternative in terms of adaptation to salty, anoxic sediments and an opportunity to develop ex situ phytoremediation plants in tropical and subtropical regions. The use of humic acid to increase root development, cell antioxidant activity and the potential attenuation of the "heavy metals exclusion strategy" to increase phytoextraction potentials of mangroves will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pittarello
- University of Vila Velha, Ecology of Organic Matter Laboratory, Biopraticas Compound, Vila Velha, ES, Brazil.
| | - Jader Galba Busato
- University of Brasilia, Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Sciences Central Institute, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Paolo Carletti
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Leonardo Barros Dobbss
- Federal University of Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Unaí, MG, Brazil
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20
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Guo H, Weaver C, Charles SP, Whitt A, Dastidar S, D'Odorico P, Fuentes JD, Kominoski JS, Armitage AR, Pennings SC. Coastal regime shifts: rapid responses of coastal wetlands to changes in mangrove cover. Ecology 2017; 98:762-772. [PMID: 27984665 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Global changes are causing broad-scale shifts in vegetation communities worldwide, including coastal habitats where the borders between mangroves and salt marsh are in flux. Coastal habitats provide numerous ecosystem services of high economic value, but the consequences of variation in mangrove cover are poorly known. We experimentally manipulated mangrove cover in large plots to test a set of linked hypotheses regarding the effects of changes in mangrove cover. We found that changes in mangrove cover had strong effects on microclimate, plant community, sediment accretion, soil organic content, and bird abundance within 2 yr. At higher mangrove cover, wind speed declined and light interception by vegetation increased. Air and soil temperatures had hump-shaped relationships with mangrove cover. The cover of salt marsh plants decreased at higher mangrove cover. Wrack cover, the distance that wrack was distributed from the water's edge, and sediment accretion decreased at higher mangrove cover. Soil organic content increased with mangrove cover. Wading bird abundance decreased at higher mangrove cover. Many of these relationships were non-linear, with the greatest effects when mangrove cover varied from zero to intermediate values, and lesser effects when mangrove cover varied from intermediate to high values. Temporal and spatial variation in measured variables often peaked at intermediate mangrove cover, with ecological consequences that are largely unexplored. Because different processes varied in different ways with mangrove cover, the "optimum" cover of mangroves from a societal point of view will depend on which ecosystem services are most desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China.,Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, 77204, USA
| | - Carolyn Weaver
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA
| | - Sean P Charles
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA
| | - Ashley Whitt
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, P.O. Box 1675, Galveston, Texas, 77553, USA
| | - Sayantani Dastidar
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, 77204, USA
| | - Paolo D'Odorico
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22904, USA
| | - Jose D Fuentes
- Department of Meteorology, The Pennsylvania State University, 503 Walker Building, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
| | - John S Kominoski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA
| | - Anna R Armitage
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, P.O. Box 1675, Galveston, Texas, 77553, USA
| | - Steven C Pennings
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, 77204, USA
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21
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Mao R, Chen HM, Zhang XH, Shi FX, Song CC. Effects of P addition on plant C:N:P stoichiometry in an N-limited temperate wetland of Northeast China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 559:1-6. [PMID: 27045368 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) enrichment induced by anthropogenic activities results in modified plant nutrient status, which potentially alters the stoichiometry of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and P in plants. However, how increased P availability changes plant C:N:P stoichiometry at different hierarchical scales is unclear in N-limited ecosystems. In this study, we conducted a four-level P addition experiment (0, 1.2, 4.8, and 9.6gPm(-)(2)year(-1)) to elucidate the effect of P enrichment on plant C:N:P stoichiometric ratios at both the species and community levels in a freshwater wetland in the Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China. We found that species- and community-level plant C:N:P stoichiometry responded consistently to six years of P addition, although there was a shift in species dominance. Phosphorus addition increased plant N and P concentrations and thus decreased C:N, C:P, and N:P ratios irrespective of the P addition levels. These similar change trends at different scales resulted from the identical responses of plant N and P concentrations in different species to P addition. Moreover, plant N concentration exhibited an increasing trend with increasing P addition levels, whereas plant C:N ratio showed a declining trend. At the community level, P addition at the rates of 1.2, 4.8, and 9.6gPm(-2)year(-1) decreased the C:N ratio by 24%, 27%, and 34%; decreased the C:P ratio by 33%, 35%, and 38%; and decreased the N:P ratio by 12%, 10%, and 6%, respectively. Our results indicate that the stoichiometric responses to P addition are scale-independent, and suggest that altered plant C:N:P stoichiometry induced by P enrichment would stimulate organic matter decomposition and accelerate nutrient cycles in N-limited temperate freshwater wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Mao
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; The Three Gorges Institute of Ecological Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China.
| | - Hui-Min Chen
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin-Hou Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Fu-Xi Shi
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Chang-Chun Song
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China.
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22
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Lechthaler S, Robert EMR, Tonné N, Prusova A, Gerkema E, Van As H, Koedam N, Windt CW. Rhizophoraceae Mangrove Saplings Use Hypocotyl and Leaf Water Storage Capacity to Cope with Soil Water Salinity Changes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:895. [PMID: 27446125 PMCID: PMC4921503 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Some of the most striking features of Rhizophoraceae mangrove saplings are their voluminous cylinder-shaped hypocotyls and thickened leaves. The hypocotyls are known to serve as floats during seed dispersal (hydrochory) and store nutrients that allow the seedling to root and settle. In this study we investigate to what degree the hypocotyls and leaves can serve as water reservoirs once seedlings have settled, helping the plant to buffer the rapid water potential changes that are typical for the mangrove environment. We exposed saplings of two Rhizophoraceae species to three levels of salinity (15, 30, and 0-5‰, in that sequence) while non-invasively monitoring changes in hypocotyl and leaf water content by means of mobile NMR sensors. As a proxy for water content, changes in hypocotyl diameter and leaf thickness were monitored by means of dendrometers. Hypocotyl diameter variations were also monitored in the field on a Rhizophora species. The saplings were able to buffer rapid rhizosphere salinity changes using water stored in hypocotyls and leaves, but the largest water storage capacity was found in the leaves. We conclude that in Rhizophora and Bruguiera the hypocotyl offers the bulk of water buffering capacity during the dispersal phase and directly after settlement when only few leaves are present. As saplings develop more leaves, the significance of the leaves as a water storage organ becomes larger than that of the hypocotyl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Lechthaler
- Department of Territorio e Sistemi Agro-Forestali, University of Padova, PadovaItaly
- Laboratory of Plant Biology and Nature Management, Department of Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, BrusselsBelgium
| | - Elisabeth M. R. Robert
- Laboratory of Plant Biology and Nature Management, Department of Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, BrusselsBelgium
- Laboratory of Wood Biology and Xylarium, Department of Wood Biology, Royal Museum for Central AfricaTervuren, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Tonné
- Laboratory of Plant Biology and Nature Management, Department of Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, BrusselsBelgium
- Laboratory of Wood Biology and Xylarium, Department of Wood Biology, Royal Museum for Central AfricaTervuren, Belgium
| | - Alena Prusova
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Wageningen NMR Centre, Department of Agrotechnology & Food Sciences, Wageningen University, WageningenNetherlands
| | - Edo Gerkema
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Wageningen NMR Centre, Department of Agrotechnology & Food Sciences, Wageningen University, WageningenNetherlands
| | - Henk Van As
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Wageningen NMR Centre, Department of Agrotechnology & Food Sciences, Wageningen University, WageningenNetherlands
| | - Nico Koedam
- Laboratory of Plant Biology and Nature Management, Department of Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, BrusselsBelgium
| | - Carel W. Windt
- IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Institute for Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, JülichGermany
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23
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24
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Kelleway JJ, Saintilan N, Macreadie PI, Skilbeck CG, Zawadzki A, Ralph PJ. Seventy years of continuous encroachment substantially increases 'blue carbon' capacity as mangroves replace intertidal salt marshes. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2016; 22:1097-1109. [PMID: 26670941 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Shifts in ecosystem structure have been observed over recent decades as woody plants encroach upon grasslands and wetlands globally. The migration of mangrove forests into salt marsh ecosystems is one such shift which could have important implications for global 'blue carbon' stocks. To date, attempts to quantify changes in ecosystem function are essentially constrained to climate-mediated pulses (30 years or less) of encroachment occurring at the thermal limits of mangroves. In this study, we track the continuous, lateral encroachment of mangroves into two south-eastern Australian salt marshes over a period of 70 years and quantify corresponding changes in biomass and belowground C stores. Substantial increases in biomass and belowground C stores have resulted as mangroves replaced salt marsh at both marine and estuarine sites. After 30 years, aboveground biomass was significantly higher than salt marsh, with biomass continuing to increase with mangrove age. Biomass increased at the mesohaline river site by 130 ± 18 Mg biomass km(-2) yr(-1) (mean ± SE), a 2.5 times higher rate than the marine embayment site (52 ± 10 Mg biomass km(-2) yr(-1) ), suggesting local constraints on biomass production. At both sites, and across all vegetation categories, belowground C considerably outweighed aboveground biomass stocks, with belowground C stocks increasing at up to 230 ± 62 Mg C km(-2) yr(-1) (± SE) as mangrove forests developed. Over the past 70 years, we estimate mangrove encroachment may have already enhanced intertidal biomass by up to 283 097 Mg and belowground C stocks by over 500 000 Mg in the state of New South Wales alone. Under changing climatic conditions and rising sea levels, global blue carbon storage may be enhanced as mangrove encroachment becomes more widespread, thereby countering global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J Kelleway
- Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Neil Saintilan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Peter I Macreadie
- Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Burwood, Vic., 3125, Australia
| | - Charles G Skilbeck
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Atun Zawadzki
- Institute for Environmental Research, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW, 2234, Australia
| | - Peter J Ralph
- Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
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25
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Cao Y, Wang B, Wei T, Ma H. Ecological stoichiometric characteristics and element reserves of three stands in a closed forest on the Chinese loess plateau. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2016; 188:80. [PMID: 26739010 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-5057-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Populus davidiana, Leuchtenbergia principis, and Pinus tabulaeformis are important greening tree species with a cosmopolitan distribution. However, the stoichiometric characteristics and element reserves of stands of these three species are not particularly clear. In this study, we conducted a plot-level investigation of forest stands of these species in the loess area; these have been closed forest stands more than 28 years. Trees were sampled from an area of 50 m × 20 m (in 6, 8, and 9 plots, respectively), which was sufficient for shrub (2 m × 2 m), herbal species, and litter (1 m × 1 m) investigations. The C, N, and P concentrations and the C:N:P stoichiometry in five different soil layers (0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm, 30-50 cm, and 50-100 cm) and in the leaves, stems, branches, and roots of the plants were examined. The soil element concentrations and density were affected by soil depth. The element content had a significantly negative correlation with soil depth, and element density differed significantly among the soil layers. A particular element in a particular organ differed significantly between the forest stands, and the same element in different organs of the same stand was also significantly different. The C, N, and P element reserves in the soil were considerably higher than in the plants. Our results indicate that there are different stoichiometric characteristics and element reserves of the three stands in a closed forest on the Chinese loess plateau, which may provide a reference when we develop and optimize the structure of forest stands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanbo Cao
- College of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Baitian Wang
- College of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tingting Wei
- China National Gold Group Corporation, Beijing, 100011, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Ma
- Guangxi Institute of Water Resources Research, Nanning, 530023, People's Republic of China
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Phylogenetic Diversity of Diazotrophs along an Experimental Nutrient Gradient in Mangrove Sediments. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse3030699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Keuskamp JA, Hefting MM, Dingemans BJJ, Verhoeven JTA, Feller IC. Effects of nutrient enrichment on mangrove leaf litter decomposition. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 508:402-410. [PMID: 25497680 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.11.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient enrichment of mangroves, a common phenomenon along densely populated coastlines, may negatively affect mangrove ecosystems by modifying internal carbon and nutrient cycling. The decomposition of litter exerts a strong influence on these processes and is potentially modified by eutrophication. This study describes effects of N and P enrichment on litter decomposition rate and mineralisation/immobilisation patterns. By making use of reciprocal litter transplantation experiments among fertiliser treatments, it was tested if nutrient addition primarily acts on the primary producers (i.e. changes in litter quantity and quality) or on the microbial decomposers (i.e. changes in nutrient limitation for decomposition). Measurements were done in two mangrove forests where primary production was either limited by N or by P, which had been subject to at least 5 years of experimental N and P fertilisation. Results of this study indicated that decomposers were always N-limited regardless of the limitation of the primary producers. This leads to a differential nutrient limitation between decomposers and primary producers in sites where mangrove production was P-limited. In these sites, fertilisation with P caused litter quality to change, resulting in a higher decomposition rate. This study shows that direct effects of fertilisation on decomposition through an effect on decomposer nutrient availability might be non-significant, while the indirect effects through modifying litter quality might be quite substantial in mangroves. Our results show no indication that eutrophication increases decomposition without stimulating primary production. Therefore we do not expect a decline in carbon sequestration as a result of eutrophication of mangrove ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost A Keuskamp
- Ecology and Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Mariet M Hefting
- Ecology and Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Bas J J Dingemans
- Ecology and Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Jos T A Verhoeven
- Ecology and Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Ilka C Feller
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD 21037, USA.
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Concentrations and Fractionation of Carbon, Iron, Sulfur, Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Mangrove Sediments Along an Intertidal Gradient (Semi-Arid Climate, New Caledonia). JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse3010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Mao R, Zeng DH, Zhang XH, Song CC. Responses of plant nutrient resorption to phosphorus addition in freshwater marsh of Northeast China. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8097. [PMID: 25631373 PMCID: PMC4309954 DOI: 10.1038/srep08097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities have increased phosphorus (P) inputs to most aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. However, the relationship between plant nutrient resorption and P availability is still unclear, and much less is known about the underlying mechanisms. Here, we used a multi-level P addition experiment (0, 1.2, 4.8, and 9.6 g P m−2 year−1) to assess the effect of P enrichment on nutrient resorption at plant organ, species, and community levels in a freshwater marsh of Northeast China. The response of nutrient resorption to P addition generally did not vary with addition rates. Moreover, nutrient resorption exhibited similar responses to P addition across the three hierarchical levels. Specifically, P addition decreased nitrogen (N) resorption proficiency, P resorption efficiency and proficiency, but did not impact N resorption efficiency. In addition, P resorption efficiency and proficiency were linearly related to the ratio of inorganic P to organic P and organic P fraction in mature plant organs, respectively. Our findings suggest that the allocation pattern of plant P between inorganic and organic P fractions is an underlying mechanism controlling P resorption processes, and that P enrichment could strongly influence plant-mediated biogeochemical cycles through altered nutrient resorption in the freshwater wetlands of Northeast China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Mao
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - De-Hui Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xin-Hou Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Chang-Chun Song
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
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Mammalian herbivores in Australia transport nutrients from terrestrial to marine ecosystems via mangroves. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1017/s0266467414000054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:Nutrient subsidies from one ecosystem to another serve a critical link among ecosystems. The transfer of materials across the terrestrial-to-marine boundary is considered to be driven by hydrological connectivity, but animal movement can provide another pathway for nutrient transfers. In two separate studies we assessed the role mammals (bats and kangaroos) play in alleviating nutrient limitation in mangrove forests in Australia. At Lizard Island, we measured tree growth and foliar elemental and isotopic composition of trees growing within and outside a large flying fox roost. In Western Australia, we measured foliar elemental and isotopic composition of trees within two forests frequented by kangaroos that feed in spinifex grasslands and shelter in the shade of the mangroves. We compared those with mangroves from adjacent forests that are not frequented by kangaroos. We show that at both locations, the mangrove forest receives terrestrial nutrient subsidies through animal movement. At Lizard Island dominant mangrove species were significantly enriched in nitrogen within the bat roost, as evidenced by higher foliar N concentrations (by up to 150%), N:P and N:C ratios in trees within the roost compared with trees outside the roost. The isotopic signature of foliar N was significantly enriched in 15N by 1–3‰ within the roost, further suggesting that the source of the N enrichment was the bat roost. Growth rates of mangroves within the roost were nearly six times higher than trees outside the roost. In the arid coast of Western Australia, we show elevated foliar 15N abundance of up to 3‰ in mangroves where kangaroos shelter relative to trees where they do not. Thus, this study presents two examples for mammalian herbivore mediated localized transport of nutrients from terrestrial to marine ecosystems, consequently affecting mangrove tree growth, productivity and forest structure.
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Fauzi A, Skidmore AK, van Gils H, Schlerf M, Heitkönig IMA. Shrimp pond effluent dominates foliar nitrogen in disturbed mangroves as mapped using hyperspectral imagery. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2013; 76:42-51. [PMID: 24103095 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Conversion of mangroves to shrimp ponds creates fragmentation and eutrophication. Detection of the spatial variation of foliar nitrogen is essential for understanding the effect of eutrophication on mangroves. We aim (i) to estimate nitrogen variability across mangrove landscapes of the Mahakam delta using airborne hyperspectral remote sensing (HyMap) and (ii) to investigate links between the variation of foliar nitrogen mapped and local environmental variables. In this study, multivariate prediction models achieved a higher level of accuracy than narrow-band vegetation indices, making multivariate modeling the best choice for mapping. The variation of foliar nitrogen concentration in mangroves was significantly influenced by the local environment: (1) position of mangroves (seaward/landward), (2) distance to the shrimp ponds, and (3) predominant mangrove species. The findings suggest that anthropogenic disturbances, in this case shrimp ponds, influence nitrogen variation in mangroves. Mangroves closer to the shrimp ponds had higher foliar nitrogen concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas Fauzi
- University of Twente, Faculty for Geoinformation Science and Earth Observation, P.O. Box 217, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands.
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Latitudinal Patterns of Herbivory in Mangrove Forests: Consequences of Nutrient Over-Enrichment. Ecosystems 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-013-9678-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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33
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Xu K, Tang Y, Ren C, Zhao K, Wang W, Sun Y. Activity, distribution, and abundance of methane-oxidizing bacteria in the near surface soils of onshore oil and gas fields. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 97:7909-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4500-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2012] [Revised: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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34
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Patterns of Root Dynamics in Mangrove Forests Along Environmental Gradients in the Florida Coastal Everglades, USA. Ecosystems 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-011-9473-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
Mangrove forests dominate the world's tropical and subtropical coastlines. Similar to other plant communities, nutrient availability is one of the major factors influencing mangrove forest structure and productivity. Many mangrove soils have extremely low nutrient availability, although nutrient availability can vary greatly among and within mangrove forests. Nutrient-conserving processes in mangroves are well developed and include evergreeness, resorption of nutrients prior to leaf fall, the immobilization of nutrients in leaf litter during decomposition, high root/shoot ratios and the repeated use of old root channels. Both nitrogen-use efficiency and nutrient resorption efficiencies in mangroves are amongst the highest recorded for angiosperms. A complex range of interacting abiotic and biotic factors controls the availability of nutrients to mangrove trees, and mangroves are characteristically plastic in their ability to opportunistically utilize nutrients when these become available. Nitrogen and phosphorus have been implicated as the nutrients most likely to limit growth in mangroves. Ammonium is the primary form of nitrogen in mangrove soils, in part as a result of anoxic soil conditions, and tree growth is supported mainly by ammonium uptake. Nutrient enrichment is a major threat to marine ecosystems. Although mangroves have been proposed to protect the marine environment from land-derived nutrient pollution, nutrient enrichment can have negative consequences for mangrove forests and their capacity for retention of nutrients may be limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Reef
- The Centre for Marine Studies, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
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36
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Reef R, Ball MC, Feller IC, Lovelock CE. Relationships among RNA : DNA ratio, growth and elemental stoichiometry in mangrove trees. Funct Ecol 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2010.01722.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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37
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Feller IC, Lovelock CE, Berger U, McKee KL, Joye SB, Ball MC. Biocomplexity in mangrove ecosystems. ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE 2010; 2:395-417. [PMID: 21141670 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.marine.010908.163809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Mangroves are an ecological assemblage of trees and shrubs adapted to grow in intertidal environments along tropical coasts. Despite repeated demonstration of their economic and societal value, more than 50% of the world's mangroves have been destroyed, 35% in the past two decades to aquaculture and coastal development, altered hydrology, sea-level rise, and nutrient overenrichment. Variations in the structure and function of mangrove ecosystems have generally been described solely on the basis of a hierarchical classification of the physical characteristics of the intertidal environment, including climate, geomorphology, topography, and hydrology. Here, we use the concept of emergent properties at multiple levels within a hierarchical framework to review how the interplay between specialized adaptations and extreme trait plasticity that characterizes mangroves and intertidal environments gives rise to the biocomplexity that distinguishes mangrove ecosystems. The traits that allow mangroves to tolerate variable salinity, flooding, and nutrient availability influence ecosystem processes and ultimately the services they provide. We conclude that an integrated research strategy using emergent properties in empirical and theoretical studies provides a holistic approach for understanding and managing mangrove ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- I C Feller
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Smithsonian Institution, Edgewater, Maryland 21037, USA.
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Lovelock CE, Feller IC, Ball MC, Ellis J, Sorrell B. Testing the growth rate vs. geochemical hypothesis for latitudinal variation in plant nutrients. Ecol Lett 2007; 10:1154-63. [PMID: 17927772 DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01112.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two hypotheses have been proposed to explain increases in plant nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations with latitude: (i) geochemical limitation to P availability in the tropics and (ii) temperature driven variation in growth rate, where greater growth rates (requiring greater nutrient levels) are needed to complete growth and reproduction within shorter growing seasons in temperate than tropical climates. These two hypotheses were assessed in one forest type, intertidal mangroves, using fertilized plots at sites between latitudes 36 masculine S and 27 masculine N. The N and P concentrations in mangrove leaf tissue increased with latitude, but there were no trends in N : P ratios. Growth rates of trees, adjusted for average minimum temperature showed a significant increase with latitude supporting the Growth Rate Hypothesis. However, support for the Geochemical Hypothesis was also strong; both photosynthetic P use efficiency and nutrient resorption efficiency decreased with increasing latitude, indicating that P was less limiting to metabolism at the higher latitudes. Our study supports the hypothesis that historically low P availability in the tropics has been an important selective pressure shaping the evolution of plant traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Lovelock
- Centre for Marine Studies and School of Integrative Biology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia.
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Feller IC, Chamberlain A. Herbivore responses to nutrient enrichment and landscape heterogeneity in a mangrove ecosystem. Oecologia 2007; 153:607-16. [PMID: 17566784 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-007-0760-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2006] [Accepted: 04/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Complex gradients in forest structure across the landscape of offshore mangrove islands in Belize are associated with nutrient deficiency and flooding. While nutrient availability can affect many ecological processes, here we investigate how N and P enrichment interact with forest structure in three distinct zones (fringe, transition, dwarf) to alter patterns of herbivory as a function of folivory, loss of yield, and tissue mining. The effects of nutrient addition and zone varied by functional feeding group or specific herbivore. Folivory ranged from 0 to 0.4% leaf area damaged per month, but rates did not vary by either nutrient enrichment or zone. Leaf lifetime damage ranged from 3 to 10% of the total leaf area and was caused primarily by the omnivorous tree crab Aratus pisonii. We detected two distinct spatial scales of response by A. pisonii that were unrelated to nutrient treatment, i.e., most feeding damage occurred in the fringe zone and crabs fed primarily on the oldest leaves in the canopy. Loss of yield caused by the bud moth Ecdytolopha sp. varied by zone but not by nutrient treatment. A periderm-mining Marmara sp. responded positively to nutrient enrichment and closely mirrored the growth response by Rhizophora mangle across the tree height gradient. In contrast, a leaf-mining Marmara sp. was controlled by parasitoids and predators that killed >89% of its larvae. Thus, nutrient availability altered patterns of herbivory of some but not all mangrove herbivores. These findings support the hypothesis that landscape heterogeneity of the biotic and abiotic environment has species-specific effects on community structure and trophic interactions. Predicting how herbivores respond to nutrient over-enrichment in mangrove ecosystems also requires an assessment of habitat heterogeneity coupled with feeding strategies and species-specific behavior measured on multiple scales of response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilka C Feller
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 647 Contees Wharf Road, Edgewater, MD 21037, USA.
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