1
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Chan WWR, Chang JJM, Tan CZ, Ng JX, Ng MHC, Jaafar Z, Huang D. Eyeing DNA barcoding for species identification of fish larvae. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39228134 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Identification of fish larvae based on morphology is typically limited to higher taxonomic ranks (e.g., family or order), as larvae possess few morphological diagnostic characters for precise discrimination to species. When many samples are presented at any one time, the use of morphology to identify such specimens can be laborious and time-consuming. Using a reverse workflow for specimen sorting and identification leveraging high-throughput DNA sequencing, thousands of fish larvae can be DNA barcoded and sorted into molecular operational taxonomic units (mOTUs) in a single sequencing run with the nanopore sequencing technology (e.g., MinION). This process reduces the time and financial costs of morphology-based sorting and instead deploys experienced taxonomists for species taxonomic work where they are needed most. In this study, a total of 3022 fish larval specimens from plankton tows across four sites in Singapore were collected and sorted based on this workflow. Eye tissue from individual samples was used for DNA extraction and sequencing of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I. We generated a total of 2746 barcodes after quality filtering (90.9% barcoding success), identified 2067 DNA barcodes (75.3% identification success), and delimited 256 mOTUs (146 genera, 52 families). Our analyses identified specific challenges to species assignment, such as the potential misidentification of publicly available sequences used as reference barcodes. We highlighted how the conservative application and comparison of a local sequence database can help resolve identification conflicts. Overall, this proposed approach enables and expedites taxonomic identification of fish larvae, contributing to the enhancement of reference barcode databases and potentially better understanding of fish connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jia Jin Marc Chang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Charles Zhiming Tan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jie Xin Ng
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Zeehan Jaafar
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Danwei Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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2
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Reyes Delgado A, Smith BE. Diet variation and trophic impact of weakfish, Cynoscion regalis, within multiple marine habitats of the eastern United States. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39132847 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Weakfish (Cynoscion regalis) is not federally managed but feeds on species of management and ecological interest. We examined the trophic ecology of weakfish in Chesapeake Bay and the coastal and offshore waters of the eastern United States. For these areas, we determined the dominant prey of weakfish; identified how much diet variation was explained by the factors: season, size class, and year; and quantified prey biomass removed by weakfish from 2007 to 2019. In general, diet composition was mostly dominated by Engraulidae, Osteichthyes (bony fishes), and Mysidacea, and significantly varied by season and size class in Chesapeake Bay and coastal waters, although this was less dramatic in Chesapeake Bay. The total amount of variance explained by the three factors was 23.1% (Chesapeake Bay) and 14.7% (coastal waters), with year not being a significant factor in explaining weakfish diet variation for these areas. Weakfish total prey biomass removal occurred primarily in coastal waters in the fall and small size class (annual mean: approximately 41,038 t; maximum: approximately 63,793 t). Highly opportunistic feeders, weakfish cannibalism also played an essential part of their diet. These results have implications for fisheries and ecosystem management of weakfish when considering ecological interactions in regulatory approaches, such as recruitment and cannibalism, competition with federally managed fishes, and the natural mortality of their prey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Reyes Delgado
- Department of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, Maryland, USA
| | - Brian E Smith
- National Marine Fisheries Service, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA
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3
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Dornburg A, Zapfe KL, Williams R, Alfaro ME, Morris R, Adachi H, Flores J, Santini F, Near TJ, Frédérich B. Considering Decoupled Phenotypic Diversification Between Ontogenetic Phases in Macroevolution: An Example Using Triggerfishes (Balistidae). Syst Biol 2024; 73:434-454. [PMID: 38490727 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syae014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Across the Tree of Life, most studies of phenotypic disparity and diversification have been restricted to adult organisms. However, many lineages have distinct ontogenetic phases that differ from their adult forms in morphology and ecology. Focusing disproportionately on the evolution of adult forms unnecessarily hinders our understanding of the pressures shaping evolution over time. Non-adult disparity patterns are particularly important to consider for coastal ray-finned fishes, which can have juvenile phases with distinct phenotypes. These juvenile forms are often associated with sheltered nursery environments, with phenotypic shifts between adults and juvenile stages that are readily apparent in locomotor morphology. Whether this ontogenetic variation in locomotor morphology reflects a decoupling of diversification dynamics between life stages remains unknown. Here we investigate the evolutionary dynamics of locomotor morphology between adult and juvenile triggerfishes. We integrate a time-calibrated phylogenetic framework with geometric morphometric approaches and measurement data of fin aspect ratio and incidence, and reveal a mismatch between morphospace occupancy, the evolution of morphological disparity, and the tempo of trait evolution between life stages. Collectively, our results illuminate how the heterogeneity of morpho-functional adaptations can decouple the mode and tempo of morphological diversification between ontogenetic stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Dornburg
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Katerina L Zapfe
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Rachel Williams
- School of Environmental and Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2UR, UK
| | - Michael E Alfaro
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Richard Morris
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, NC 27601, USA
| | - Haruka Adachi
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, NC 27601, USA
| | - Joseph Flores
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, NC 27601, USA
| | - Francesco Santini
- Associazione Italiana per lo Studio della Biodiversità, Pisa 56100, Italy
| | - Thomas J Near
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Bruno Frédérich
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Ecology, FOCUS, University of Liège, Quartier AGORA, Allée du six Août 11 (B6c), 4000 Liège, Belgium
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4
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Tremblay-Gagnon F, Brown-Vuillemin S, Skanes K, Polaczek H, Walkusz W, Robert D, Deslauriers D. Spatiotemporal variability in diet composition of Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) from the eastern Canadian Arctic. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2023; 103:1430-1444. [PMID: 37563757 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) sustain one of the most lucrative fisheries in the eastern Canadian Arctic and Labrador Sea. This species also plays an important role in food web connectivity and benthic-pelagic coupling. Despite the relatively rich knowledge of this species, R. hippoglossoides ecology in these specific areas remains poorly understood. The main aim of this study was to characterize the diet of this deepwater fish in the Labrador Sea and Davis and Hudson Straits and characterize the predator-prey relationship with northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis), another commercially important species in the region. Stomach contents analyses were conducted on 1199 fish captured from 2018 to 2020. Small specimens (<20 cm) fed on invertebrates, whereas larger individuals (>60 cm) fed primarily on fish, indicative of size-related changes in diet composition. The relative abundance of Pandalus shrimp species in the environment was reflected in the diet. Location appeared to be the most influential variable on feeding patterns. Distinct oceanographic conditions among areas, resulting in differences in prey availability, could explain these results. Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) and redfish (Sebastes sp.) were selected in locations where fish prey were the most abundant. These results shed light on the opportunistic nature of R. hippoglossoides and its preference for fish at large size. With the rapidly changing oceanographic conditions of Arctic waters, a distributional change in the biomass of shrimp is expected. Results suggest that an increase in abundance of predatory groundfish species in the system (e.g., Sebastes sp.) could lead to acute predation on shrimp and competition with R. hippoglossoides. By revealing key trophic links within the demersal ecosystem, this work provides valuable information on the development of ecosystem approaches to fisheries management for the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix Tremblay-Gagnon
- Institut des Sciences de la Mer, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sarah Brown-Vuillemin
- Institut des Sciences de la Mer, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Quebec, Canada
| | - Katherine Skanes
- Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Centre, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Hannah Polaczek
- Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Centre, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Wojciech Walkusz
- Freshwater Institute, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 501 University Crescent, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Dominique Robert
- Institut des Sciences de la Mer, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Quebec, Canada
| | - David Deslauriers
- Institut des Sciences de la Mer, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Quebec, Canada
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5
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Hendrick GC, Nicholson MD, Pagan JA, Artim JM, Dolan MC, Sikkel PC. Blood meal identification reveals extremely broad host range and host-bias in a temporary ectoparasite of coral reef fishes. Oecologia 2023; 203:349-360. [PMID: 37951847 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05468-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Appreciation for the role of cryptofauna in ecological systems has increased dramatically over the past decade. The impacts blood-feeding arthropods, such as ticks and mosquitos, have on terrestrial communities are the subject of hundreds of papers annually. However, blood-feeding arthropods have been largely ignored in marine environments. Gnathiid isopods, often referred to as "ticks of the sea", are temporary external parasites of fishes. They are found in all marine environments and have many consequential impacts on host fitness. Because they are highly mobile and only associated with their hosts while obtaining a blood meal, their broader trophic connections are difficult to discern. Conventional methods rely heavily on detecting gnathiids on wild-caught fishes. However, this approach typically yields few gnathiids and does not account for hosts that avoid capture. To overcome this limitation, we sequenced blood meals of free-living gnathiids collected in light traps to assess the host range and community-dependent exploitation of Caribbean gnathiid isopods. Using fish-specific COI (cox1) primers, sequencing individual blood meals from 1060 gnathiids resulted in the identification of 70 host fish species from 27 families. Comparisons of fish assemblages to blood meal identification frequencies at four collection sites indicated that fishes within the families Haemulidae (grunts) and Lutjanidae (snappers) were exploited more frequently than expected based on their biomass, and Labrid parrotfishes were exploited less frequently than expected. The broad host range along with the biased exploitation of diel-migratory species has important implications for the role gnathiid isopods play in Caribbean coral reef communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina C Hendrick
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric and Earth Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Matthew D Nicholson
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric and Earth Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - J Andres Pagan
- Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, CIBIO - Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
| | - John M Artim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, USA
| | - Maureen C Dolan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, USA
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, USA
| | - Paul C Sikkel
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric and Earth Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
- Water Research Group, Unit of Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
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6
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Chen R, Chaparro-Pedraza PC, Xiao S, Jia P, Liu QX, de Roos AM. Marine reserves promote cycles in fish populations on ecological and evolutionary time scales. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2307529120. [PMID: 37956293 PMCID: PMC10666098 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2307529120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine reserves are considered essential for sustainable fisheries, although their effectiveness compared to traditional fisheries management is debated. The effect of marine reserves is mostly studied on short ecological time scales, whereas fisheries-induced evolution is a well-established consequence of harvesting. Using a size-structured population model for an exploited fish population of which individuals spend their early life stages in a nursery habitat, we show that marine reserves will shift the mode of population regulation from low size-selective survival late in life to low, early-life survival due to strong resource competition. This shift promotes the occurrence of rapid ecological cycles driven by density-dependent recruitment as well as much slower evolutionary cycles driven by selection for the optimal body to leave the nursery grounds, especially with larger marine reserves. The evolutionary changes increase harvesting yields in terms of total biomass but cause disproportionately large decreases in yields of larger, adult fish. Our findings highlight the importance of carefully considering the size of marine reserves and the individual life history of fish when managing eco-evolutionary marine systems to ensure both population persistence as well as stable fisheries yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renfei Chen
- School of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan030000, China
| | | | - Suping Xiao
- School of Mathematics and Computer Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan030000, China
| | - Pu Jia
- Institute of Ecological Science, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou510631, China
| | - Quan-Xing Liu
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, China
| | - André M. de Roos
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, AmsterdamNL-1098 XH, The Netherlands
- The Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM87501
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7
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Rypel AL. Ecosystem size filters life-history strategies to shape community assembly in lakes. J Anim Ecol 2023. [PMID: 37081674 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing understanding of community assembly rules hinges on shared conceptualizations that operate across scales and levels of ecological organization. Knowledge of the biogeography of life-history strategies is especially limited but crucial for building fundamental information on the relationships between trait diversity and species richness. The goals of this study were to (i) demonstrate how life histories can be classified using a previously identified triangular continuum of evolutionary trade-offs; (ii) test whether spatial and temporal heterogeneity in species abundances is linked to life-history strategy; (iii) compare species-area relationships across the primary life-history strategist groups and (iv) explore how species life-history niche spaces are shaped by ecosystem size and landscape architecture. Fish communities were sampled in 40 lakes that varied widely in volume; 11 lakes were sampled annually for 28 or 42 years. Seventy-one species were classified as equilibrium, periodic or opportunistic strategists, and species-area curves were quantified and compared among strategy types. As predicted by life-history theory, relative abundances of opportunistic strategists were extremely variable over space and time, whereas abundances of equilibrium and periodic strategists were more stable. Small lakes were often dominated by only one species, usually an opportunistic strategist. Species richness increased with ecosystem size, but larger ecosystems were increasingly inhabited by equilibrium, and then, periodic strategists. Richness of periodic species increased with ecosystem size at a faster rate compared with opportunistic species showing that colonization-extinction points fundamentally vary by strategy. Similarly, life-history niche space increased with ecosystem size in accord with species-area relationships but showed saturation behaviour. Niche space became increasingly crowded in large lakes, particularly in lakes with higher hydrologic connectance. Ecosystem size mediates the assembly of communities through effects on environmental stability, hydrology and life-history filtering. This finding provides novel insights into community assembly at multiple scales and has broad conservation applications. Because ecosystem size filters towards orthogonal and inverse life histories, conservation actions (e.g. fish stockings) that do not consider life-history and community filtering rules will probably fail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L Rypel
- Department of Wildlife, Fish & Conservation Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
- Center for Watershed Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
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8
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Nakangu NF, Masese FO, Barasa JE, Matolla GK, Riziki JW, Mbalassa M. Influence of the changing environment on food composition and condition factor in Labeo victorianus (Boulenger, 1901) in rivers of Lake Victoria Basin, Kenya. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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9
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Local Environmental Context Structures Animal-Habitat Associations Across Biogeographic Regions. Ecosystems 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-021-00651-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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10
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Urcádiz-Cázares FJ, Cruz-Escalona VH, Peterson MS, Marín-Enriquez E, González-Acosta AF, Martínez-Flores G, Hernández-Carmona GH, Aguilar-Medrano R, Del Pino-Machado A, Ortega-Rubio A. Ecological niche modelling of endemic fish within La Paz Bay: Implications for conservation. J Nat Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2021.125981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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11
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Bell‐Tilcock M, Jeffres CA, Rypel AL, Sommer TR, Katz JVE, Whitman G, Johnson RC. Advancing diet reconstruction in fish eye lenses. Methods Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew L. Rypel
- Center for Watershed Sciences University of California Davis CA USA
- Department of Wildlife Fish & Conservation Biology University of California Davis CA USA
| | - Ted R. Sommer
- Department of Water Resources West Sacramento CA USA
| | | | - George Whitman
- Center for Watershed Sciences University of California Davis CA USA
| | - Rachel C. Johnson
- Center for Watershed Sciences University of California Davis CA USA
- National Marine Fisheries Service Southwest Fisheries Science Center Santa Cruz CA USA
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12
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Kwan KY, Bopp J, Huang S, Chen Q, Wang CC, Wang X, Zhen W, Zhu J, Huang X. Ontogenetic resource use and trophic dynamics of endangered juvenile Tachypleus tridentatus among diversified nursery habitats in the northern Beibu Gulf, China. Integr Zool 2020; 16:908-928. [PMID: 32978891 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Horseshoe crabs, the most well-known example of "living fossils", are iconic and ecologically important macroinvertebrates in coastal and estuarine ecosystems. Their blood is a crucial resource for manufacturing Limulus or Tachypleus amebocyte lysate to detect bacterial endotoxins or fungal contamination in drug and medical devices. An enhanced understanding of their ecological roles and trophic interactions in the food webs is fundamental to facilitate resource management for the declining populations in Asia. Foraging information of the Asian species, however, is mainly derived from preliminary, scattered reports from a limited number of study locations. In this study, resource utilization, trophic niche dynamics, and trophic interaction of the juvenile tri-spine horseshoe crab, Tachypleus tridentatus (instars 1-12, approximately 0.5-8 years old) across ontogeny was assessed in diversified nursery habitats along the northern Beibu Gulf, China, using carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes. Our results suggest that: (i) T. tridentatus are ecological generalists given the vast range of carbon isotopic values and trophic niche width estimates exhibited between multiple instar groups; (ii) juvenile T. tridentatus across most habitat types predominantly assimilated energy from a variety of basal production sources in the food web, but primarily depended on sedimentary organic matter and seagrass resource pools; (iii) ontogenetic shifts in juvenile dietary proportions were evident, with decreased reliance on sedimentary organic matter, coupled with increased reliance on benthic macroinvertebrate grazers, detritivores, and omnivores with age; and (iv) nearly all juvenile instars occupied similar trophic positions in the food web with slight shifts in trophic position present with increasing size. Our findings indicate that resource availability and ontogenetic diet shifts strongly influence horseshoe crab trophic dynamics, and age should be accounted when formulating habitat conservation measures based on resource use for Asian horseshoe crabs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit Yue Kwan
- College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, Qinzhou, China
| | - Justin Bopp
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Shuyan Huang
- College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, China.,Futian-CityU Mangrove R&D Center, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiao Chen
- College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, China
| | - Chun-Chieh Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Guangxi Beibu Gulf Marine Research Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Xueping Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster in the Beibu Gulf, Qinzhou, China
| | - Wenquan Zhen
- College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, Qinzhou, China
| | - Junhua Zhu
- College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, Qinzhou, China
| | - Xing Huang
- College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster in the Beibu Gulf, Qinzhou, China
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13
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Chaparro‐Pedraza PC, de Roos AM. Density-dependent effects of mortality on the optimal body size to shift habitat: Why smaller is better despite increased mortality risk. Evolution 2020; 74:831-841. [PMID: 32189326 PMCID: PMC7317909 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Many animal species across different taxa change their habitat during their development. An ontogenetic habitat shift enables the development of early vulnerable-to-predation stages in a safe "nursery" habitat with reduced predation mortality, whereas less vulnerable stages can exploit a more risky, rich feeding habitat. Therefore, the timing of the habitat shift is crucial for individual fitness. We investigate the effect that size selectivity in mortality in the rich feeding habitat has on the optimal body size at which to shift between habitats using a population model that incorporates density dependence. We show that when mortality risk is more size dependent, it is optimal to switch to the risky habitat at a smaller rather than larger body size, despite that individuals can avoid mortality by staying longer in the nursery habitat and growing to safety in size. When size selectivity in mortality is high, large reproducing individuals are abundant and produce numerous offspring that strongly compete in the nursery habitat. A smaller body size at habitat shift is therefore favored because strong competition reduces growth potential. Our results reveal the interdependence among population structure, density dependence, and life history traits, and highlight the need for integrating ecological feedbacks in the study of life history evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Catalina Chaparro‐Pedraza
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem DynamicsUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdam1090 GEThe Netherlands
- Eawag—Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and TechnologyDübendorfSwitzerland
| | - André M. de Roos
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem DynamicsUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdam1090 GEThe Netherlands
- The Santa Fe InstituteSanta FeNMUSA
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14
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Bouchard C, Lange F, Guéraud F, Rives J, Tentelier C. Sexual maturity increases mobility and heterogeneity in individual space use in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2020; 96:925-938. [PMID: 32048290 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the effects of sexual maturity on space use in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr as facultative early maturation enables us to work on individuals belonging to the same cohort. We monitored the space use of 40 1-year-old males in natura throughout a breeding season. First, mature individuals covered longer distances (absolute and upstream) and located within broader home ranges than immature parr. Second, sexual maturity also generated a higher interindividual variability in space use. Finally, mature individuals exhibited a higher probability of association with likely breeding sites on average. However, some mature individuals experienced a lower probability than immature individuals, suggesting that the space use of some mature individuals may not be optimal. Moreover, mature parr exploiting a broader home range or covering longer upstream distances had a higher probability of association with likely breeding sites. Covering longer upstream distances may therefore increase the reproductive success of mature parr, while involving higher energetic costs and a greater risk of predation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Bouchard
- Université de Pau & des Pays de l'Adour, e2s, INRAE, UMR 1224 Ecobiop, Saint-Pée sur Nivelle, France
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
- Tour du Valat, Research Institute for the Conservation of Mediterranean Wetlands, Arles, France
| | - Frédéric Lange
- Université de Pau & des Pays de l'Adour, e2s, INRAE, UMR 1224 Ecobiop, Saint-Pée sur Nivelle, France
| | - François Guéraud
- Université de Pau & des Pays de l'Adour, e2s, INRAE, UMR 1224 Ecobiop, Saint-Pée sur Nivelle, France
| | - Jacques Rives
- Université de Pau & des Pays de l'Adour, e2s, INRAE, UMR 1224 Ecobiop, Saint-Pée sur Nivelle, France
| | - Cédric Tentelier
- Université de Pau & des Pays de l'Adour, e2s, INRAE, UMR 1224 Ecobiop, Saint-Pée sur Nivelle, France
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Skinner C, Mill AC, Newman SP, Newton J, Cobain MRD, Polunin NVC. Novel tri-isotope ellipsoid approach reveals dietary variation in sympatric predators. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:13267-13277. [PMID: 31893024 PMCID: PMC6936247 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sympatric species may partition resources to reduce competition and facilitate co-existence. While spatial variation and specialization in feeding strategies may be prevalent among large marine predators, studies have focussed on sharks, birds, and marine mammals. We consider for the first time the isotopic niche partitioning of co-occurring, teleost reef predators spanning multiple families. Using a novel tri-isotope ellipsoid approach, we investigate the feeding strategies of seven of these species across an atoll seascape in the Maldives. We demonstrate substantial spatial variation in resource use of all predator populations. Furthermore, within each area, there was evidence of intraspecific variation in feeding behaviors that could not wholly be attributed to individual body size. Assessing species at the population level will mask these intraspecific differences in resource use. Knowledge of resource use is important for predicting how species will respond to environmental change and spatial variation should be considered when investigating trophic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Skinner
- School of Natural and Environmental SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastleUK
| | - Aileen C. Mill
- School of Natural and Environmental SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastleUK
| | - Steven P. Newman
- School of Natural and Environmental SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastleUK
- Banyan Tree Marine LabVabbinfaruRepublic of the Maldives
| | - Jason Newton
- NERC Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry FacilityScottish Universities Environmental Research CentreEast KilbrideUK
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Rogers A, Mumby PJ. Mangroves reduce the vulnerability of coral reef fisheries to habitat degradation. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000510. [PMID: 31714938 PMCID: PMC6850520 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite general and wide-ranging negative effects of coral reef degradation on reef communities, hope might exist for reef-associated predators that use nursery habitats. When reef structural complexity is lost, refuge density declines and prey vulnerability increases. Here, we explore whether the presence of nursery habitats can promote high predator productivity on degraded reefs by mitigating the costs of increased vulnerability in early life, whilst allowing for the benefits of increased food availability in adulthood. We apply size-based ecosystem models of coral reefs with high and low structural complexity to predict fish biomass and productivity in the presence and absence of mangrove nurseries. Our scenarios allow us to elucidate the interacting effects of refuge availability and ontogenetic habitat shifts for fisheries productivity. We find that low complexity, degraded reefs with nurseries can support fisheries productivity that is equal to or greater than that in complex reefs that lack nurseries. We compare and validate model predictions with field data from Belize. Our results should inform reef fisheries management strategies and protected areas now and into the future. Despite wide-ranging negative effects of coral reef degradation on reef communities, hope might exist for reef-associated predators that use nursery habitats. This study uses size-based ecosystem models of coral reefs to assess the effects of the presence and absence of mangrove nurseries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Rogers
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
- * E-mail:
| | - Peter J. Mumby
- Marine Spatial Ecology Lab and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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17
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Ontogenetic Habitat Usage of Juvenile Carnivorous Fish Among Seagrass-Coral Mosaic Habitats. DIVERSITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/d11020025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Seagrass beds and coral reefs are both considered critical habitats for reef fishes, and in tropical coastal regions, they often grow together to form “mosaic” habitats. Although reef fishes clearly inhabit such structurally complex environments, there is little known about their habitat usage in seagrass-coral mosaic habitats. The goal of this study was to examine potential factors that drive habitat usage pattern by juvenile reef fishes. We quantified (1) prey availability, (2) potential competitors, and 3) predators across a gradient of mosaic habitats (n = 4 habitat types) for four dominant carnivorous fishes (lethrinids and lutjanids) in the main recruitment season at Dongsha Island, South China Sea. We found that the coral-dominated habitats had not only a higher availability of large crustacean prey but also a higher abundance of competitors and predators of juvenile fishes. Food availability was the most important factor underlying the habitat usage pattern by lethrinids and lutjanids through ontogeny. The predation pressure exhibited a strong impact on small juvenile lethrinids but not on larger juveniles and lutjanids. The four juvenile fishes showed distinct habitat usage patterns through ontogeny. Collectively, mosaic habitats in the back reef system may be linked to key ontogenetic shifts in the early life histories of reef fishes between seagrass beds and coral reefs.
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González-Gamboa I, Santos-Martínez A, Herrera-Martínez Y. Potential Response of Coral Reef’s Functional Structure and Snapper Abundance to Environmental Degradation in San Andres Island, Colombia. ACTA BIOLÓGICA COLOMBIANA 2019. [DOI: 10.15446/abc.v24n1.72970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the coral reef morpho-functional structure of San Andrés, regarding functional benthic diversity and fish (Lutjanidae), we evaluated the condition of the coral structure on the leeward side of the island, which is an area impacted by tourism, through diving and fishing. Three sampling sites were evaluated during two years recording the distribution of benthic organisms, environmental variables and Snappers density (Lutjanidae). A low density of Lutjanus jocu and Ocyurus chrysurus was found, with a high density of juveniles of L. apodus and L. mahogoni, which showed a preference for reefs with submassive and brain corals. Algae especially Macroalgae and octocorals were those with the greatest coverage in the reefs, followed by inert substrates, while corals were epresented by species with a wide distribution such as Agaricia agaricites and Porites astreoides. Octocorals correlated negatively with stony corals and that the most widespread fragile corals were the finger. We concluded that there is a higher density of mainly juvenile snappers where there is a greater variety of coral morpho-functional groups, and not necessarily in sites with greater coral coverage. Also, adult snappers were associated with octocoral zones. This shows that morpho-functional diversity is a crucial factor in the permanence of snappers.
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Berumen ML, Roberts MB, Sinclair-Taylor TH, DiBattista JD, Saenz-Agudelo P, Isari S, He S, Khalil MT, Hardenstine RS, Tietbohl MD, Priest MA, Kattan A, Coker DJ. Fishes and Connectivity of Red Sea Coral Reefs. CORAL REEFS OF THE RED SEA 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-05802-9_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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21
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Sánchez-Hernández J, Nunn AD, Adams CE, Amundsen PA. Causes and consequences of ontogenetic dietary shifts: a global synthesis using fish models. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2018; 94:539-554. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Sánchez-Hernández
- Departamento de Zooloxía, Xenética e Antropoloxía Física, Facultade de Bioloxía; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela; Campus Vida s/n, 15782, Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Andy D. Nunn
- Hull International Fisheries Institute, School of Environmental Sciences; University of Hull; Hull, HU6 7RX UK
| | - Colin E. Adams
- Scottish Centre for Ecology and the Natural Environment, Institute of Biodiversity; Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow; Rowardennan, Glasgow, G63 0AW UK
| | - Per-Arne Amundsen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics; UiT The Arctic University of Norway; N-9037, Tromsø Norway
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22
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Galaiduk R, Radford BT, Harvey ES. Utilizing individual fish biomass and relative abundance models to map environmental niche associations of adult and juvenile targeted fishes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9457. [PMID: 29930311 PMCID: PMC6013477 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27774-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Many fishes undergo ontogenetic habitat shifts to meet their energy and resource needs as they grow. Habitat resource partitioning and patterns of habitat connectivity between conspecific fishes at different life-history stages is a significant knowledge gap. Species distribution models were used to examine patterns in the relative abundance, individual biomass estimates and environmental niche associations of different life stages of three iconic West Australian fishes. Continuous predictive maps describing the spatial distribution of abundance and individual biomass of the study species were created as well predictive hotspot maps that identify possible areas for aggregation of individuals of similar life stages of multiple species (i.e. spawning grounds, fisheries refugia or nursery areas). The models and maps indicate that processes driving the abundance patterns could be different from the body size associated demographic processes throughout an individual's life cycle. Incorporating life-history in the spatially explicit management plans can ensure that critical habitat of the vulnerable stages (e.g. juvenile fish, spawning stock) is included within proposed protected areas and can enhance connectivity between various functional areas (e.g. nursery areas and adult populations) which, in turn, can improve the abundance of targeted species as well as other fish species relying on healthy ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronen Galaiduk
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, The University of Western Australia, 39 Fairway, Crawley, 6009, Australia.
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, 6845, Australia.
| | - Ben T Radford
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, The University of Western Australia, 39 Fairway, Crawley, 6009, Australia
- The UWA Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Fairway, Crawley, 6009, Australia
- School of Earth and Environment, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, 6009, Australia
| | - Euan S Harvey
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, 6845, Australia
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Rogers A, Blanchard JL, Newman SP, Dryden CS, Mumby PJ. High refuge availability on coral reefs increases the vulnerability of reef-associated predators to overexploitation. Ecology 2018; 99:450-463. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Rogers
- Marine Spatial Ecology Lab and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies; School of Biological Sciences; The University of Queensland; Goddard Building Brisbane Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - Julia L. Blanchard
- Institute of Marine and Antarctic Studies and Centre for Marine Socioecology; University of Tasmania; 20 Castray Esplanade Hobart Tasmania 7004 Australia
| | - Steven P. Newman
- School of Marine Science and Technology; Newcastle University; Newcastle NE1 7RU UK
| | - Charlie S. Dryden
- School of Marine Science and Technology; Newcastle University; Newcastle NE1 7RU UK
| | - Peter J. Mumby
- Marine Spatial Ecology Lab and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies; School of Biological Sciences; The University of Queensland; Goddard Building Brisbane Queensland 4072 Australia
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Altered juvenile fish communities associated with invasive Halophila stipulacea seagrass habitats in the U.S. Virgin Islands. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188386. [PMID: 29161322 PMCID: PMC5697852 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Caribbean seagrass habitats provide food and protection for reef-associated juvenile fish. The invasive seagrass Halophila stipulacea is rapidly altering these seascapes. Since its arrival in the Caribbean in 2002, H. stipulacea has colonized and displaced native seagrasses, but the function of this invasive seagrass as a juvenile fish habitat remains unknown. To compare diversity, community structure, and abundance of juvenile fish between H. stipulacea and native seagrass beds, fish traps were deployed in four nearshore bays around St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands. Traps were deployed in Frenchman, Lindbergh, and Sprat Bays for 24 h intervals in patches of bare sand, patches of H. stipulacea and patches of the native Caribbean seagrasses Thalassia testudinum and Syringodium filiforme. Traps were then deployed in Brewers Bay for 12 h intervals in stands of H. stipulacea and S. filiforme. Relative and total abundances of juvenile fish, identified at least to family, were compared across treatment habitats for each trap deployment period. The catch from H. stipulacea, compared to native seagrasses, comprised a greater abundance of nocturnal carnivores Lutjanus synagris (family Lutjanidae) and Haemulon flavolineatum (family Haemulidae). Additionally, the herbivore species Sparisoma aurofrenatum (family Labridae) and Acanthurus bahianus (family Acanthuridae) and the diurnal carnivore species Pseudopeneus maculatus (family Mullidae) were relatively scarce in H. stipulacea. The catch from sand was much smaller, compared to vegetated habitats, and comprised only L. synagris, H. flavolineatum, and H. aurolineatum. These results provide evidence of reduced family diversity and altered juvenile fish assemblages in H. stipulacea, driven by an abundance of some nocturnal carnivores and scarcity of herbivores and diurnal carnivores. The findings from the present work underpin the need for further investigation and mitigation of this invasion, particularly where H. stipulacea is driving seascape-alterations of key juvenile fish habitats.
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Galaiduk R, Radford BT, Saunders BJ, Newman SJ, Harvey ES. Characterizing ontogenetic habitat shifts in marine fishes: advancing nascent methods for marine spatial management. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2017; 27:1776-1788. [PMID: 28452413 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Niche requirements and habitat resource partitioning by conspecific fishes of different sizes are significant knowledge gaps in the species distribution modelling domain. Management actions and operations are typically concentrated on static habitats, or specific areas of interest, without considering movement patterns of species associated with ontogenetic shifts in habitat usage. Generalized additive models were used to model the body-length-habitat relationships of six fish species. These models were used to identify subsets of environmental parameters that drive and explain the continuous length-habitat relationships for each of the study species, which vary in their degree of ecological and/or commercial importance. Continuous predictive maps of the length distributions for each of the six study species across approximately 200 km2 of the study area were created from these models. The spatial patterns in habitat partitioning by individuals of different body lengths for all six study species provide strong evidence for ontogenetic shifts. This highlights the importance of considering ontogenetic processes for marine spatial management. Importantly, predictive hotspot maps were created that identify potential areas that accumulate individuals of similar life stages of multiple species (e.g., multispecies nursery areas). In circumstances where limited resources are available for monitoring and management of fish resources, predictive modelling is a valuable tool for studying previously overlooked processes such as ontogenetic habitat shifts. Predictive modelling provides crucial information that elucidates spatial patterns in community composition across mosaics of benthic habitats. This novel technique can contribute to the spatial management of coastal fish and fisheries by identifying areas that are important for different life history stages of multiple fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronen Galaiduk
- Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, Western Australia, 6845, Australia
| | - Ben T Radford
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- The UWA Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- School of Earth and Environment, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Benjamin J Saunders
- Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, Western Australia, 6845, Australia
| | - Stephen J Newman
- Western Australian Fisheries and Marine Research Laboratories, Department of Fisheries, Government of Western Australia, P.O. Box 20, North Beach, Western Australia, 6920, Australia
| | - Euan S Harvey
- Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, Western Australia, 6845, Australia
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26
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Ramirez MD, Avens L, Seminoff JA, Goshe LR, Heppell SS. Growth dynamics of juvenile loggerhead sea turtles undergoing an ontogenetic habitat shift. Oecologia 2017; 183:1087-1099. [PMID: 28210809 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-017-3832-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ontogenetic niche theory predicts that individuals may undergo one or more changes in habitat or diet throughout their lifetime to maintain optimal growth rates, or to optimize trade-offs between mortality risk and growth. We combine skeletochronological and stable nitrogen isotope (δ15N) analyses of sea turtle humeri (n = 61) to characterize the growth dynamics of juvenile loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) during an oceanic-to-neritic ontogenetic shift. The primary objective of this study was to determine how ontogenetic niche theory extends to sea turtles, and to individuals with different patterns of resource use (discrete shifters, n = 23; facultative shifters n = 14; non-shifters, n = 24). Mean growth rates peaked at the start of the ontogenetic shift (based on change in δ15N values), but returned to pre-shift levels within 2 years. Turtles generally only experienced 1 year of relatively high growth, but the timing of peak growth relative to the start of an ontogenetic shift varied among individuals (before, n = 14; during, n = 12; after, n = 8). Furthermore, no reduction in growth preceded the transition, as is predicted by ontogenetic niche theory. Annual growth rates were similar between non-transitioning turtles resident in oceanic and neritic habitats and turtles displaying alternative patterns of resource use. These results suggest that factors other than maximization of size-specific growth may more strongly influence the timing of ontogenetic shifts in loggerhead sea turtles, and that alternative patterns of resource use may have limited influence on somatic growth and age at maturation in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Ramirez
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Larisa Avens
- NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Beaufort Laboratory, 101 Pivers Island Road, Beaufort, NC, 28516, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Seminoff
- NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, 8901 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Lisa R Goshe
- NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Beaufort Laboratory, 101 Pivers Island Road, Beaufort, NC, 28516, USA
| | - Selina S Heppell
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
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Andradi-Brown DA, Vermeij MJA, Slattery M, Lesser M, Bejarano I, Appeldoorn R, Goodbody-Gringley G, Chequer AD, Pitt JM, Eddy C, Smith SR, Brokovich E, Pinheiro HT, Jessup ME, Shepherd B, Rocha LA, Curtis-Quick J, Eyal G, Noyes TJ, Rogers AD, Exton DA. Large-scale invasion of western Atlantic mesophotic reefs by lionfish potentially undermines culling-based management. Biol Invasions 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-016-1358-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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28
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Sánchez-Hernández J, Eloranta AP, Finstad AG, Amundsen PA. Community structure affects trophic ontogeny in a predatory fish. Ecol Evol 2016; 7:358-367. [PMID: 28070298 PMCID: PMC5214065 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
While most studies have focused on the timing and nature of ontogenetic niche shifts, information is scarce about the effects of community structure on trophic ontogeny of top predators. We investigated how community structure affects ontogenetic niche shifts (i.e., relationships between body length, trophic position, and individual dietary specialization) of a predatory fish, brown trout (Salmo trutta). We used stable isotope and stomach content analyses to test how functional characteristics of lake fish community compositions (competition and prey availability) modulate niche shifts in terms of (i) piscivorous behavior, (ii) trophic position, and (iii) individual dietary specialization. Northern Scandinavian freshwater fish communities were used as a study system, including nine subarctic lakes with contrasting fish community configurations: (i) trout‐only systems, (ii) two‐species systems (brown trout and Arctic charr [Salvelinus alpinus] coexisting), and (iii) three‐species systems (brown trout, Arctic charr, and three‐spined sticklebacks [Gasterosteus aculeatus] coexisting). We expected that the presence of profitable small prey (stickleback) and mixed competitor–prey fish species (charr) supports early piscivory and high individual dietary specialization among trout in multispecies communities, whereas minor ontogenetic shifts were expected in trout‐only systems. From logistic regression models, the presence of a suitable prey fish species (stickleback) emerged as the principal variable determining the size at ontogenetic niche shifts. Generalized additive mixed models indicated that fish community structure shaped ontogenetic niche shifts in trout, with the strongest positive relationships between body length, trophic position, and individual dietary specialization being observed in three‐species communities. Our findings revealed that the presence of a small‐sized prey fish species (stickleback) rather than a mixed competitor–prey fish species (charr) was an important factor affecting the ontogenetic niche‐shift processes of trout. The study demonstrates that community structure may modulate the ontogenetic diet trajectories of and individual niche specialization within a top predator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Sánchez-Hernández
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology University of Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela Spain; Department of Arctic and Marine Biology UiT The Arctic University of Norway Tromsø Norway; Department of Natural History NTNU University Museum Trondheim Norway
| | - Antti P Eloranta
- Aquatic Ecology Department Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA)Trondheim Norway; Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Anders G Finstad
- Department of Natural History NTNU University Museum Trondheim Norway; Aquatic Ecology Department Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA)Trondheim Norway
| | - Per-Arne Amundsen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology UiT The Arctic University of Norway Tromsø Norway
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29
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Nagelkerken I, Munday PL. Animal behaviour shapes the ecological effects of ocean acidification and warming: moving from individual to community-level responses. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2016; 22:974-89. [PMID: 26700211 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Biological communities are shaped by complex interactions between organisms and their environment as well as interactions with other species. Humans are rapidly changing the marine environment through increasing greenhouse gas emissions, resulting in ocean warming and acidification. The first response by animals to environmental change is predominantly through modification of their behaviour, which in turn affects species interactions and ecological processes. Yet, many climate change studies ignore animal behaviour. Furthermore, our current knowledge of how global change alters animal behaviour is mostly restricted to single species, life phases and stressors, leading to an incomplete view of how coinciding climate stressors can affect the ecological interactions that structure biological communities. Here, we first review studies on the effects of warming and acidification on the behaviour of marine animals. We demonstrate how pervasive the effects of global change are on a wide range of critical behaviours that determine the persistence of species and their success in ecological communities. We then evaluate several approaches to studying the ecological effects of warming and acidification, and identify knowledge gaps that need to be filled, to better understand how global change will affect marine populations and communities through altered animal behaviours. Our review provides a synthesis of the far-reaching consequences that behavioural changes could have for marine ecosystems in a rapidly changing environment. Without considering the pervasive effects of climate change on animal behaviour we will limit our ability to forecast the impacts of ocean change and provide insights that can aid management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Nagelkerken
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences and The Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide, DX 650 418, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Philip L Munday
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld, 4811, Australia
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30
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Vaslet A, Phillips DL, France CAM, Feller IC, Baldwin CC. Trophic behaviour of juvenile reef fishes inhabiting interlinked mangrove-seagrass habitats in offshore mangrove islets. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2015; 87:256-273. [PMID: 26084450 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Stable isotope (δ(13)C and δ(15)N) and gut content analyses were used to investigate size-related feeding habits of four reef fishes (the beaugregory Stegastes leucostictus, the french grunt Haemulon flavolineatum, the schoolmaster snapper Lutjanus apodus and the yellowtail snapper Ocyurus chrysurus) inhabiting an offshore (non-estuarine) mangrove islet off Belize, Central America. Comparisons of isotopic niche space and Schoener diet similarity index suggested a low to moderate degree of niche overlap between fish size groups. The δ(13)C gradient between mangrove and seagrass prey as well as results of Bayesian mixing models revealed that sampled fishes relied mostly on seagrass prey items. Only small and large juveniles of the carnivorous species L. apodus derived a part of their diet from mangroves by targeting mangrove-associated Grapsidae crabs and fish prey, respectively. Isotopic niche shifts were particularly obvious for carnivorous fishes that ingested larger prey items (Xanthidae crabs and fishes) during their ontogeny. The utilization of mangrove food resources is less than expected and depends on the ecology and life history of the fish species considered. This research highlights that mangrove-derived carbon contributed relatively little to the diets of four fish taxa from an offshore mangrove islet.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vaslet
- Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce, 701 Seaway Dr., Fort Pierce, FL, 34949, U.S.A
| | - D L Phillips
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health & Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Western Ecology Division, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR, 97333, U.S.A
| | - C A M France
- Smithsonian Museum Conservation Institute, 4210 Silver Hill Rd, Suitland, MD, 20746, U.S.A
| | - I C Feller
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, 21037, U.S.A
| | - C C Baldwin
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P. O. Box 37012, Washington, DC, 20013-7012, U.S.A
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31
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Ólafsdóttir GÁ, Gunnarsson GS, Karlsson H. More rapid shift to a benthic niche in larger Gadus morhua juveniles. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2015; 87:480-486. [PMID: 26104859 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Trophic use by Atlantic cod Gadus morhua juveniles was examined early and late in the shift from pelagic to benthic habitats. Changes in the proportion of pelagic copepods, estimates of benthic prey indicated by isotope mixing models and stable-isotope values between sample periods suggested a gradual shift towards a benthic niche. Values of the trophic proxies, however, changed most markedly in the largest juvenile group, suggesting a more rapid trophic niche shift, and in turn competitive advantage, of larger juveniles.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Á Ólafsdóttir
- University of Iceland, Research Centre of the Westfjords, Adalstraeti 21, Bolungarvík, 415, Iceland
| | - G S Gunnarsson
- University of Iceland, Research Centre of the Westfjords, Adalstraeti 21, Bolungarvík, 415, Iceland
| | - H Karlsson
- The Marine Research Institute, Ísafjörður Branch, Árnagötu 2-4, Ísafjörður, 400, Iceland
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Grof-Tisza P, Holyoak M, Antell E, Karban R. Predation and associational refuge drive ontogenetic niche shifts in an arctiid caterpillar. Ecology 2015; 96:80-9. [DOI: 10.1890/14-1092.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Grof-Tisza
- Ecology Graduate Group, University of California, 1 Shields Ave., Davis, California 95616 USA
| | - Marcel Holyoak
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, 1 Shields Ave., Davis, California 95616 USA
| | - Edward Antell
- Romberg Tiburon Center for Environmental Studies, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California 94132 USA
| | - Richard Karban
- Department of Entomology, University of California, 1 Shields Ave., Davis, California 95616 USA
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Igulu MM, Nagelkerken I, Dorenbosch M, Grol MGG, Harborne AR, Kimirei IA, Mumby PJ, Olds AD, Mgaya YD. Mangrove habitat use by juvenile reef fish: meta-analysis reveals that tidal regime matters more than biogeographic region. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114715. [PMID: 25551761 PMCID: PMC4281128 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of critical life-stage habitats is key to successful conservation efforts. Juveniles of some species show great flexibility in habitat use while other species rely heavily on a restricted number of juvenile habitats for protection and food. Considering the rapid degradation of coastal marine habitats worldwide, it is important to evaluate which species are more susceptible to loss of juvenile nursery habitats and how this differs across large biogeographic regions. Here we used a meta-analysis approach to investigate habitat use by juvenile reef fish species in tropical coastal ecosystems across the globe. Densities of juvenile fish species were compared among mangrove, seagrass and coral reef habitats. In the Caribbean, the majority of species showed significantly higher juvenile densities in mangroves as compared to seagrass beds and coral reefs, while for the Indo-Pacific region seagrass beds harbored the highest overall densities. Further analysis indicated that differences in tidal amplitude, irrespective of biogeographic region, appeared to be the major driver for this phenomenon. In addition, juvenile reef fish use of mangroves increased with increasing water salinity. In the Caribbean, species of specific families (e.g. Lutjanidae, Haemulidae) showed a higher reliance on mangroves or seagrass beds as juvenile habitats than other species, whereas in the Indo-Pacific family-specific trends of juvenile habitat utilization were less apparent. The findings of this study highlight the importance of incorporating region-specific tidal inundation regimes into marine spatial conservation planning and ecosystem based management. Furthermore, the significant role of water salinity and tidal access as drivers of mangrove fish habitat use implies that changes in seawater level and rainfall due to climate change may have important effects on how juvenile reef fish use nearshore seascapes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias M. Igulu
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Department of Animal Ecology and Ecophysiology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Ivan Nagelkerken
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Department of Animal Ecology and Ecophysiology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences and The Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Martijn Dorenbosch
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Department of Animal Ecology and Ecophysiology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Monique G. G. Grol
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Department of Animal Ecology and Ecophysiology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alastair R. Harborne
- Marine Spatial Ecology Laboratory and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ismael A. Kimirei
- Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute-Kigoma Center, Kigoma, Tanzania
| | - Peter J. Mumby
- Marine Spatial Ecology Laboratory and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Andrew D. Olds
- Australian Rivers Institute – Coast and Estuaries and School of Environment, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Yunus D. Mgaya
- College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Aquatic Science and Fisheries, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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Honda K, Nakamura Y, Nakaoka M, Uy WH, Fortes MD. Habitat use by fishes in coral reefs, seagrass beds and mangrove habitats in the Philippines. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65735. [PMID: 23976940 PMCID: PMC3748118 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the interconnectivity of organisms among different habitats is a key requirement for generating effective management plans in coastal ecosystems, particularly when determining component habitat structures in marine protected areas. To elucidate the patterns of habitat use by fishes among coral, seagrass, and mangrove habitats, and between natural and transplanted mangroves, visual censuses were conducted semiannually at two sites in the Philippines during September and March 2010–2012. In total, 265 species and 15,930 individuals were recorded. Species richness and abundance of fishes were significantly higher in coral reefs (234 species, 12,306 individuals) than in seagrass (38 species, 1,198 individuals) and mangrove (47 species, 2,426 individuals) habitats. Similarity tests revealed a highly significant difference among the three habitats. Fishes exhibited two different strategies for habitat use, inhabiting either a single (85.6% of recorded species) or several habitats (14.4%). Some fish that utilized multiple habitats, such as Lutjanus monostigma and Parupeneus barberinus, showed possible ontogenetic habitat shifts from mangroves and/or seagrass habitats to coral reefs. Moreover, over 20% of commercial fish species used multiple habitats, highlighting the importance of including different habitat types within marine protected areas to achieve efficient and effective resource management. Neither species richness nor abundance of fishes significantly differed between natural and transplanted mangroves. In addition, 14 fish species were recorded in a 20-year-old transplanted mangrove area, and over 90% of these species used multiple habitats, further demonstrating the key role of transplanted mangroves as a reef fish habitat in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Honda
- Akkeshi Marine Station, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Aikappu, Akkeshi, Hokkaido, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yohei Nakamura
- Graduate School of Kuroshio Science, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakaoka
- Akkeshi Marine Station, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Aikappu, Akkeshi, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Wilfredo H. Uy
- Institute of Fisheries Research and Development, Mindanao State University at Naawan, Misamis Oriental, The Philippines
| | - Miguel D. Fortes
- The Marine Science Institute, CS, University of the Philippines-Diliman; Diliman, Quezon City, The Philippines
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Mangrove Fish Production is Largely Fuelled by External Food Sources: A Stable Isotope Analysis of Fishes at the Individual, Species, and Community Levels from Across the Globe. Ecosystems 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-013-9687-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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36
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Kimirei IA, Nagelkerken I, Mgaya YD, Huijbers CM. The mangrove nursery paradigm revisited: otolith stable isotopes support nursery-to-reef movements by Indo-Pacific fishes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66320. [PMID: 23776658 PMCID: PMC3680401 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mangroves and seagrass beds have long been perceived as important nurseries for many fish species. While there is growing evidence from the Western Atlantic that mangrove habitats are intricately connected to coral reefs through ontogenetic fish migrations, there is an ongoing debate of the value of these coastal ecosystems in the Indo-Pacific. The present study used natural tags, viz. otolith stable carbon and oxygen isotopes, to investigate for the first time the degree to which multiple tropical juvenile habitats subsidize coral reef fish populations in the Indo Pacific (Tanzania). Otoliths of three reef fish species (Lethrinus harak, L. lentjan and Lutjanus fulviflamma) were collected in mangrove, seagrass and coral reef habitats and analyzed for stable isotope ratios in the juvenile and adult otolith zones. δ13C signatures were significantly depleted in the juvenile compared to the adult zones, indicative of different habitat use through ontogeny. Maximum likelihood analysis identified that 82% of adult reef L. harak had resided in either mangrove (29%) or seagrass (53%) or reef (18%) habitats as juveniles. Of adult L. fulviflamma caught from offshore reefs, 99% had passed through mangroves habitats as juveniles. In contrast, L. lentjan adults originated predominantly from coral reefs (65–72%) as opposed to inshore vegetated habitats (28–35%). This study presents conclusive evidence for a nursery role of Indo-Pacific mangrove habitats for reef fish populations. It shows that intertidal habitats that are only temporarily available can form an important juvenile habitat for some species, and that reef fish populations are often replenished by multiple coastal habitats. Maintaining connectivity between inshore vegetated habitats and coral reefs, and conserving habitat mosaics rather than single nursery habitats, is a major priority for the sustainability of various Indo Pacific fish populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael A. Kimirei
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Department of Animal Ecology and Ecophysiology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute, Kigoma, Tanzania
| | - Ivan Nagelkerken
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Department of Animal Ecology and Ecophysiology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Yunus D. Mgaya
- College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Aquatic Science and Fisheries, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Chantal M. Huijbers
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Department of Animal Ecology and Ecophysiology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Australian Rivers Institute – Coasts and Estuaries, Griffith University, Gold Coast campus, Southport, Australia
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